EP2351635B1 - Product with balsa wood and method for its production - Google Patents

Product with balsa wood and method for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2351635B1
EP2351635B1 EP11003323.0A EP11003323A EP2351635B1 EP 2351635 B1 EP2351635 B1 EP 2351635B1 EP 11003323 A EP11003323 A EP 11003323A EP 2351635 B1 EP2351635 B1 EP 2351635B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grain
wood
balsa
veneers
balsa wood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11003323.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2351635A3 (en
EP2351635A2 (en
Inventor
Thomas Wolf
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3A Composites International AG
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3A Technology and Management AG
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Publication date
Application filed by 3A Technology and Management AG filed Critical 3A Technology and Management AG
Priority to SI200931577A priority Critical patent/SI2351635T1/en
Priority to EP11003323.0A priority patent/EP2351635B1/en
Publication of EP2351635A2 publication Critical patent/EP2351635A2/en
Publication of EP2351635A3 publication Critical patent/EP2351635A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2351635B1 publication Critical patent/EP2351635B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • B27N3/143—Orienting the particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/005—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and foam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24066—Wood grain
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975—Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978—Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31986—Regenerated or modified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31989—Of wood

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a end grain plate according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for their preparation.
  • Balsa wood is a very light and easy to work type of wood. In addition to its use as a raft construction and as a cork replacement, balsa wood is used by model builders for aircraft and ship models. Balsa wood, however, has the greatest importance as a core material of composite materials in sandwich construction, for example in boat, ship and yacht construction, in aviation, such as in sailing and light aircraft construction, in space travel and as a core or core material of rotor blades of e.g. Wind turbines. The good insulating properties of balsa wood are also used for insulation against heat and cold, for example, from fuel tanks. In the technical field of application, the low volume weight and the unusually high compressive strength in relation to the low raw weight are exploited parallel to the fiber flow.
  • DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 describes a medium-density wood fiber board consisting of balsa wood fibers and glue, the balsa wood fibers are obtained from wood chips.
  • a plate with balsa wood fibers aligned parallel to the surface of the plate is shown.
  • US-A-4,689,257 describes a plywood laminate which may also have a wood grain layer as the innermost core material, with the end grain layer overlaid on both sides by glass fiber or plywood layers.
  • US-A-4,204,900 describes the production of thin balsa wood leaves for modeling, whereby two balsa veneer layers are glued together. The grain direction of the balsa leaves is in the leaf plane.
  • US 4,301,202 describes a method for producing large rectangular panels of round balsa logs.
  • the logs are radially in Segments divided, these circular sections all have the same acute angle.
  • Each segment is machined into a longitudinal profile with an isosceles, trapezoidal cross-section, which then serves as the starting material for the manufacture of the panels.
  • the longitudinal profiles are coated with an adhesive and stacked into a block of uniform layers. After curing of the adhesive, the block is divided from longitudinal profiles glued together transversely to Stirnholzpaneelen.
  • middle layer material For the applications mentioned at the beginning, so-called middle layer material is often produced.
  • four-sided processed balsa also called Kantelhölzer or Balsakanteln
  • This light end grain board can absorb very strong compressive forces over the surface, but is very unstable in itself.
  • plastic plates reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic plates or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, foils, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, you get high-strength composite materials.
  • the end grain is one-sided glued with a thin fiber fleece, knitted fabric or fabric and carved from the opposite side cuboid or cube-shaped to a thin bridge.
  • the prepared plate can be made in any concave or convex shape and can be a curved shape, such as a boat or buoyancy body or a ball tank, adapted.
  • Balsa wood is a natural product. Therefore, the characteristics of the balsa wood within the woods of a crop can change to sections of a tree trunk. This applies, for example, to bulk density, shrinkage, compressive strength, tensile strength, etc., and the proportion of pores may vary. Deficiencies in the trunks, such as internal cracks, so-called red-core or water-heart, fibrous tangles or mineral spots, unless removed prematurely with loss of wood, can influence the regularity of the properties of end-grain wood boards.
  • the invention has for its object to use the wood better and end grain wood body containing balsa with at least approximately the same or better properties than the natural Balsahölzer to describe and propose a method for its rational production.
  • the balsa wood veneers are aligned in particular according to their fiber direction or fiber orientation and the fiber orientation can deviate from 0 ° to 30 °, advantageously 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber profile.
  • the deviation of the fiber profile of the individual balsa wood veneers is as close as possible to 0 ° (angular degree) from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber path.
  • the fiber profile of all Balsaholzfurniere in the molded body should be as parallel as possible and deviate from the axis in the direction of the ideal fiber profile not more than 30 °, the ideal fiber direction describes that direction of fiber in which all Balsaholzfurniere have the same fiber direction.
  • fiber or fiber direction is meant the direction of the straight and straight wood fibers extending in the growth direction of the log.
  • the balsa wood veneers are obtained from logs whose wood has, for example, a density of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • Soft balsa wood has a density of 0.07 to 0.125 g / cm 3 , medium hard balsa wood of 0.125 to 0.175 g / cm 3 and hard balsa wood of 0.175 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • the trunks are processed by tangential cutting in a veneer peeling machine into thin layers of wood, so-called veneers.
  • the wood layers can be cut into balsa wood strips.
  • the length of the individual strips can be, for example, from 50 mm to 1000 mm, advantageously up to 500 mm and advantageously up to 300 mm.
  • the width of the individual strips can be from 10 mm to 1000 mm and the thickness from 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the stems by tangential cut in a Veneer peeling machine to thin wood layers, thus to Balsaholzfurnieren in the form of veneer sheets, also wood sheets, peel veneers, veneers or so-called veneers are suitable, processed.
  • the veneer sheets are coated on all sides with the intended amount of adhesive by spraying, painting or dusting.
  • the glued veneer sheets can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be layered into shaped bodies.
  • the glued veneer panels are layered with a rectified fiber flow into a block.
  • the adhesive By means of pressure and / or temperature, but also without external pressure or temperature action, the adhesive can be activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the veneer sheets are mutually bonded to a molded body in block form.
  • the side edge length of the veneer sheets depends on the conditions of the apparatus and can be, for example, from 50 cm to 300 cm. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 250 cm.
  • the veneer sheets for example, in a thickness of 0.1 cm to 3 cm, are stacked or stacked with rectified fiber flow, the stack height is not critical and can be, for example, from 5 cm to 250 cm.
  • the adhesive between the veneer sheets these are glued to a block. It can be a block, for example, from 2 to 2000 stacked and glued veneer panels are produced.
  • the desired end grain wood panels can be separated, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm, as sawn or cut, transversely to the fiber flow.
  • the bonding can only take place in a form-retaining manner, ie without the application of an external pressure.
  • a foaming adhesive can act as an adhesive as well as a filler between the veneer sheets.
  • the applied pressure should be chosen such that the cell resp. Fiber structure of balsa wood is not changed or damaged, in particular, that by compression, the density of balsa wood is not or only slightly changed becomes.
  • the pressing pressure should be set low because too high pressing pressure and the wood structure is compressed in total.
  • the applied pressure between two rollers and / or belts can be up to 50 bar, suitably 0.5 to 5 bar.
  • Foaming adhesives or foam adhesives and, in particular, foaming or foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives are used as adhesives.
  • Adhesives such as 2-component adhesives, especially intumescent adhesives, e.g. PUR-based, or 1-component adhesives, especially intumescent adhesives, e.g. PUR-based, for example, those that react under the influence of moisture, are used.
  • the moisture required for the reaction can be provided, for example, by the wood moisture alone or by moistening the wood.
  • the adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat. It can react, set or cure the adhesives under pressure. Or, the adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat and pressure.
  • Adhesives that react, cure or set without heat, thus enabling a cold curing or so-called “cold curing”.
  • Adhesives which react, set or harden without externally applied pressure are also favorable.
  • the adhesive in the interstices or adhesive joints between the mutual bearing surfaces, resp. Adhesive joints the strip pass and fill in between pores, gaps or gaps partially and advantageously completely and create a release bond.
  • the end grain boards contain a wood and an adhesive component.
  • the wood content of a end grain board may be, for example, from 60 to 95% by volume.
  • the adhesive is advantageously present in proportions of 1 to 40% by volume. In general, the adhesive is in proportions of 1 to 15 vol .-%, suitably 2 to 10 vol .-% and preferably 3 to 5 vol .-%, based on the volume of end grain, above.
  • the reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive may have densities or densities of 50 kg / m 3 to 300 kg / m 3 .
  • the foamed adhesives advantageously have a density of 50 kg / m 3 to 240 kg / m 3 .
  • the reacted adhesive can, for example, have a 0 to 20% by weight higher or 0 to 20% by weight lower density, based on the density of the balsa wood surrounding the adhesive.
  • Adhesives with densities of the reacted adhesive that are 0 to 10 wt% over or 0 to 10 wt% below the density of the surrounding balsa wood are preferred.
  • Foamed polyurethane adhesives are particularly suitable as adhesives with densities in the stated range.
  • the density of foamed adhesives refers to their density.
  • the balsa wood which is preferably processed into end grain wood bodies, is a natural product, it has different densities or specific weights, depending on the type of plant, location or growth effects, etc. In the present case, preference is given to woods with densities of about 80 to 200 kg / m 3 . With respect to the end grain wood plate of the present invention in practical use, a density of, for example, less than 160 kg / m 3 is advantageous.
  • Favorable room weights are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 .
  • the veneers or strips of wood of different density can be mixed as a measure, the veneers or strips of wood of different density. Another measure is the choice of the adhesive taking into account its density. In the case of intumescent adhesives, its density and the degree of foaming can be taken into account be influenced to influence the density of the molding. The measures can also be combined.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing the end grain wood board according to the invention.
  • the inventive method has the features of claim 8.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the method are described in the claims dependent on claim 8.
  • the balsa wood veneers are solidified in a double belt press.
  • the adhesive is preferably used in proportions of from 1 to 40% by volume, suitably from 1 to 15% by volume, more suitably from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain used.
  • the moldings are beams, planks, or plates, which can now be divided across the grain in end grain boards.
  • a plurality of veneer sheets, beams or planks which typically have a polygonal, in particular rectangular cross-section, can be further stacked into blocks with a rectified grain or substantially parallel grain, mutually adhered and split across the grain into end grain panels, such as cut, sawn, etc., become.
  • the moldings are produced as plates, the plates can be stacked into blocks and glued together. The grain or the fiber direction in the plate block is rectified and across the grain, the end grain plates can be separated from the block.
  • the end grain boards obtained according to the invention can be used in the same way as the plates produced so far.
  • the end grain boards according to the invention can be glued on one side to non-woven fabric, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics or woven fabrics and can be cut from the other side in a cuboid or cuboid shape to a small residual thickness in the direction of the fiber flow.
  • the thus processed plate is thereby bendable and can be brought into concave or convex shape.
  • balsa wood With the present method it is possible to use the balsa wood to a much greater extent for end grain boards than was previously possible.
  • a yield of only 24% can be achieved with conventional methods.
  • a yield of 60 to 70% is achieved.
  • almost all parts of the Balsaholzstammes at least as long as the parts are still aligned according to their fiber orientation, be recycled or it can be peeled without waste or very low waste and peeling products are fully utilized.
  • Balsa wood can be glued very well and permanently.
  • the strength of the glue joint may be, may be lower or exceed the strength of the surrounding wood fabric.
  • the adhesive in the adhesive joints may for example also form an actual support structure or a supporting network, which lead to even pressure and / or tear-resistant materials or the adhesive may reduce or increase the elasticity of a Balsaholzteils.
  • the adhesive joints may also contain reinforcing materials such as fibers, for example as part of the adhesive.
  • the end grain boards according to the invention can be used in many ways. For example, they are starting materials or finished products in the field of laminates, sandwich materials or so-called composites. In the field of energy production, the end grain boards can form parts of rotors, propellers and wind blades for windmills or wind-driven generators or turbines, in particular cores or core materials in wings, rotors , Shovels or shovels.
  • the cores or as core materials for the stated purposes are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 .
  • the end grain boards can be used, for example, as core material or laminate in means of transport such as ceilings, floors, shelves, wall coverings, covers, etc. in boats, ships, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, etc. Due to the low density of end grain boards, these can serve as a substitute for conventional lightweight and core materials, such as honeycomb bodies, foams, etc.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 Based on FIGS. 1 to 4
  • the present invention is illustrated by way of example.
  • FIG. 1 represents a screed or a section of a Balsaholzstamm (2).
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber profile.
  • Arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area, ie the cross-section of the fiber.
  • Arrow (R) points in the direction of the radial section surface.
  • Arrow (T) points towards the tangential interface.
  • FIG. 2 a section of a balsa wood trunk (2) is shown.
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber flow.
  • arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area.
  • a chip (3) is sketchily taken from the trunk (2). The fiber course in the chip (3) runs accordingly also in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a shaped body in the form of a screed (4) of mutually bonded chips (3).
  • the screed has a side edge of a length S 1 and a second side edge S 2 .
  • the fiber course of all chips (3) lies in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow.
  • only two chips (3) have been designated. It is clear that the chips (3) abut each other as closely as possible.
  • the mutual fiber profile of the chips is as parallel as possible, resp. deviating at most at an angle, as indicated above, in the axis in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • the spaces inevitably formed between the irregularly shaped chips are filled with adhesive.
  • the adhesive forms a separable connection of the chips with each other.
  • Q 1 denotes the cross-sectional area or brain sectional area of the screed.
  • the balsa fibers are cut transversely across this surface.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block (5) of a plurality of moldings in the form of plates (4) in the stack.
  • the plates (4) can in principle also the screed (4) FIG. 3 correspond, only the side edge S 1 is considerably enlarged relative to the second side edge S 2 , so that is to speak of a plate.
  • veneer sheets (4) sometimes referred to as wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or veneers, can be used.
  • the stacked plates (4) are connected to each other with adhesive separation. Conveniently, the same adhesive is used, which is used to produce the screed or plate.
  • all plates (4) of the fiber flow along, resp. aligned substantially parallel to an axis in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • Q 2 denotes the cross sectional area or brain sectional area of the block (5).
  • the Balsaholzmaschinen are severed across the surface Q 2 across.
  • the dashed lines (6) indicate cutting or sawing lines.
  • the cutting lines (6) can have any desired distance from each other and the distance depends, for example, on the Intended use of the end grain (8) to be separated.
  • the block (5) is thus processed into a number of moldings, here to end grain wood boards (8).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hirnholzplatte nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The invention relates to a end grain plate according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for their preparation.

Balsaholz ist eine sehr leichte und einfach zu bearbeitende Holzart. Nebst der Verwendung zum Flossbau und als Korkersatz wird Balsaholz bei Modellbauern für Flugzeug und Schiffsmodelle verwendet. Grösste Bedeutung hat Balsaholz jedoch als Kernwerkstoff von Verbundwerkstoffen in Sandwichbauweise, beispielsweise im Boots-, Schiff- und Yachtbau, in der Luftfahrt, wie im Segel- und Kleinflugzeugbau, in der Raumfahrt und als Kern oder Kernmaterial von Rotorblättern von z.B. Windkraftanlagen. Die guten Dämmeigenschaften des Balsaholzes werden auch zur Isolation gegen Wärme und Kälte, beispielsweise von Brennstofftanks, genutzt. Im technischen Anwendungsbereich macht man sich das geringe Volumengewicht und die im Verhältnis zur geringen Rohwichte aussergewöhnlich hohe Druckfestigkeit parallel zur Faserverlauf zunutze.Balsa wood is a very light and easy to work type of wood. In addition to its use as a raft construction and as a cork replacement, balsa wood is used by model builders for aircraft and ship models. Balsa wood, however, has the greatest importance as a core material of composite materials in sandwich construction, for example in boat, ship and yacht construction, in aviation, such as in sailing and light aircraft construction, in space travel and as a core or core material of rotor blades of e.g. Wind turbines. The good insulating properties of balsa wood are also used for insulation against heat and cold, for example, from fuel tanks. In the technical field of application, the low volume weight and the unusually high compressive strength in relation to the low raw weight are exploited parallel to the fiber flow.

DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 beschreibt eine mitteldichte Holzfaserplatte bestehend aus Balsaholzfasern und Leim, wobei die Balsaholzfasern aus Hackschnitzel gewonnen werden. Beispielhaft wird eine Platte mit parallel zur Plattenoberfläche ausgerichteten Balsaholzfasern gezeigt. DE-U1-20 2007 007 516 describes a medium-density wood fiber board consisting of balsa wood fibers and glue, the balsa wood fibers are obtained from wood chips. By way of example, a plate with balsa wood fibers aligned parallel to the surface of the plate is shown.

US-A-4,689,257 beschreibt ein Sperrholz-Laminat, welches auch eine Hirnholzschicht als innerstes Kernmaterial aufweisen kann, wobei die Hirnholzschicht beidseitig von Glaserfaser- oder Sperrholzschichten überlagert wird. US-A-4,689,257 describes a plywood laminate which may also have a wood grain layer as the innermost core material, with the end grain layer overlaid on both sides by glass fiber or plywood layers.

US-A-4,204,900 beschreibt die Herstellung dünner Balsaholzblätter für den Modelbau, wobei zwei Balsafurnierschichten gegenseitig verleimt werden. Die Faserrichtung der Balsaholzblätter verläuft in der Blattebene. US-A-4,204,900 describes the production of thin balsa wood leaves for modeling, whereby two balsa veneer layers are glued together. The grain direction of the balsa leaves is in the leaf plane.

US 4,301,202 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung grosser rechteckiger Paneele aus runden Balsaholzstämmen. Dabei werden die Stämme radial in Segmente aufgeteilt, wobei diese Kreisabschnitte alle denselben spitzen Winkel aufweisen. Jedes Segment wird mechanisch zu einem Längsprofil mit einem gleichschenkligen, trapezförmigen Querschnitt bearbeitet, welches dann als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung der Paneele dient. Die Längsprofile werden mit einem Klebstoff beschichtet und zu einem Block aus einheitlichen Lagen gestapelt. Nach dem Aushärten des Klebstoffs wird der Block aus zusammengeklebten Längsprofilen quer zu Stirnholzpaneelen geteilt. US 4,301,202 describes a method for producing large rectangular panels of round balsa logs. The logs are radially in Segments divided, these circular sections all have the same acute angle. Each segment is machined into a longitudinal profile with an isosceles, trapezoidal cross-section, which then serves as the starting material for the manufacture of the panels. The longitudinal profiles are coated with an adhesive and stacked into a block of uniform layers. After curing of the adhesive, the block is divided from longitudinal profiles glued together transversely to Stirnholzpaneelen.

US-A-4,208,369 beschreibt die Herstellung von Balsahirnholz-Paneelen aus Balsaholzstämmen, wobei die geschälten und getrockneten Stämme in ein Halterungsgerüst gelegt, deren Oberfläche mit Klebstoff versehen und unter senkrechter Druckeinwirkung miteinander verklebt werden. Die gewünschten Balsahirnholz-Paneele werden durch Quersägen der verleimten Stammblöcke gewonnen. US-A-4,208,369 describes the production of Balsahirnholz panels from Balsaholzstämmen, the peeled and dried logs placed in a support frame, the surface of which are provided with adhesive and glued together under a vertical pressure. The desired Balsahirnholz panels are obtained by cross-sawing the glued logs.

Für die eingangs genannten Anwendungen wird oft sogenanntes Mittellagenmaterial hergestellt. Dazu werden vierseitig bearbeitete Balsabohlen, auch Kantelhölzer oder Balsakanteln genannt, zu grossen Blöcken, beispielsweise im Querschnitt etwa 600 x 1200 mm, verleimt und dann quer zum Faserverlauf zu Hirnholzplatten beliebiger Dicke, beispielsweise etwa 5 bis 50 mm, aufgesägt und anschliessend auf das genaue Dickenmass geschliffen. Diese leichte Hirnholzplatte kann über die Fläche sehr starke Druckkräfte aufnehmen, ist aber in sich sehr labil. Beispielsweise durch ein- oder beidseitiges Aufbringen, quer zur Faserverlauf, von Kunststoffplatten, von mit Glas-, Kunststoff- oder Carbonfasern verstärkten Kunststoffplatten oder -schichten, Metallplatten oder Blechen, Holzplatten, Furnieren, Geweben, Folien usw. auf das Mittellagenmaterial oder eine Hirnholzplatte, erhält man hochbelastbare Verbundwerkstoffe.For the applications mentioned at the beginning, so-called middle layer material is often produced. For this purpose, four-sided processed balsa, also called Kantelhölzer or Balsakanteln, into large blocks, for example in cross section about 600 x 1200 mm, glued and then transversely to the grain to endgrain wood panels of any thickness, for example about 5 to 50 mm, sawed and then to the exact Dickenmass ground. This light end grain board can absorb very strong compressive forces over the surface, but is very unstable in itself. For example, by one- or two-sided application, transverse to the grain, of plastic plates, reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic plates or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, foils, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, you get high-strength composite materials.

Zur Konstruktion von stark gewölbten Bauteilen, wie z.B. bei der Herstellung von Rümpfen für Boote oder Segelyachten, wird die Hirnholzplatte einseitig mit einem dünnen Faservlies, Gewirke oder Gewebe beklebt und von der Gegenseite quader- oder würfelförmig bis auf einen dünnen Steg eingeritzt. Die so vorbereitete Platte lässt sich in beliebige konkave oder konvexe Form bringen und kann einer gewölbten Form, wie eines Boots- oder Auftriebkörpers oder eines Kugeltanks, angepasst werden.For the construction of highly curved components, such as in the manufacture of hulls for boats or sailing yachts, the end grain is one-sided glued with a thin fiber fleece, knitted fabric or fabric and carved from the opposite side cuboid or cube-shaped to a thin bridge. The prepared plate can be made in any concave or convex shape and can be a curved shape, such as a boat or buoyancy body or a ball tank, adapted.

Balsaholz ist ein Naturprodukt. Deshalb können die Eigenschaften des Balsaholzes innerhalb der Hölzer einer Ernte bis hin zu Abschnitten aus einem Baumstamm sich ändern. Es betrifft dies beispielsweise die Rohdichte, der Schwund, die Druckfestigkeit, die Zugfestigkeit etc. und der Porenanteil kann schwanken. Fehlstellen in den Stämmen, wie Innenrisse, sog. Rotkern oder Wasserherz, Faserverknäuelungen oder Mineralflecken, sofern nicht frühzeitig unter Holzverlust entfernt, können die Regelmässigkeit der Eigenschaften einer Hirnholzplatte beeinflussen.Balsa wood is a natural product. Therefore, the characteristics of the balsa wood within the woods of a crop can change to sections of a tree trunk. This applies, for example, to bulk density, shrinkage, compressive strength, tensile strength, etc., and the proportion of pores may vary. Deficiencies in the trunks, such as internal cracks, so-called red-core or water-heart, fibrous tangles or mineral spots, unless removed prematurely with loss of wood, can influence the regularity of the properties of end-grain wood boards.

Da ein Balsaholzstamm rund ist, die daraus herzustellende Hirnholzplatte jedoch aus einer Vielzahl von rechteckigen Bohlen erzeugt wird, muss der Stamm in Faserrichtung, resp. dem Faserverlauf, und quer dazu zersägt werden. Die ausgesägten Bohlen werden dicht gestapelt, über die gegenseitigen Berührungsflächen verpresst und verklebt und danach quer zum Faserverlauf wieder zersägt. Durch das Abschälen der Baumrinde, das Absägen der Rundungen durch Sehnen- oder Tangentialschnitt und das Sägen in Platten oder Bohlen werden nur ca. 25% des verfügbaren Holzes für den technischen Einsatz genutzt. Der Rest fällt als Späne, Abschnitte und Sägemehl an.Since a Balsaholzstamm is round, however, the end grain wood plate to be produced from a variety of rectangular planks, the trunk in the fiber direction, resp. the grain, and be sawn across it. The sawn-out planks are stacked tightly, pressed and glued over the mutual contact surfaces and then sawn across the grain again. By peeling off the tree bark, sawing off the curves by chordwise or tangential cutting and sawing in slabs or planks, only about 25% of the available wood is used for technical purposes. The rest is produced as chips, sections and sawdust.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Holz besser zu nutzen und Hirnholzkörper enthaltend Balsaholz mit zumindest annähernd den gleichen oder besseren Eigenschaften als die natürlichen Balsahölzer zu beschreiben und ein Verfahren zu deren rationellen Herstellung vorzuschlagen.The invention has for its object to use the wood better and end grain wood body containing balsa with at least approximately the same or better properties than the natural Balsahölzer to describe and propose a method for its rational production.

Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt eine Hirnholzplatte mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Hirnholzplatte sind in den von Anspruch 1 abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.For the inventive solution of the problem leads a end grain with wood The features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the end grain are described in the dependent claims of claim 1.

Die Balsaholzfurniere sind insbesondere nach deren Faserrichtung oder Faserverlauf ausgerichtet und der Faserverlauf kann von 0° bis 30°, zweckmässig 0° bis 10° und vorzugsweise von 0° bis 3°, von einer Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs abweichen. Idealerweise liegt die Abweichung des Faserverlaufs der einzelnen Balsaholzfurniere möglichst nahe bei 0° (Winkelgrad) von einer Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs. Mit anderen Worten, der Faserverlauf aller Balsaholzfurniere im Formkörper soll möglichst parallel sein und von der Achse in Richtung des idealen Faserverlaufs nicht mehr als 30° abweichen, wobei die ideale Faserrichtung diejenige Faserrichtung beschreibt, bei der alle Balsaholzfurniere dieselbe Faserrichtung aufweisen. Mit Faserverlauf oder Faserrichtung ist die Richtung der gestreckten und geraden Holzfasern, die sich in Wachstumsrichtung des Stammes erstrecken, gemeint.The balsa wood veneers are aligned in particular according to their fiber direction or fiber orientation and the fiber orientation can deviate from 0 ° to 30 °, advantageously 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber profile. Ideally, the deviation of the fiber profile of the individual balsa wood veneers is as close as possible to 0 ° (angular degree) from an axis in the direction of the ideal fiber path. In other words, the fiber profile of all Balsaholzfurniere in the molded body should be as parallel as possible and deviate from the axis in the direction of the ideal fiber profile not more than 30 °, the ideal fiber direction describes that direction of fiber in which all Balsaholzfurniere have the same fiber direction. By fiber or fiber direction is meant the direction of the straight and straight wood fibers extending in the growth direction of the log.

Die Furniere aus Balsaholz werden aus Stämmen gewonnen, deren Holz beispielsweise eine Dichte von 0,07 bis 0,25 g/cm3 aufweisen. Weiches Balsaholz weist eine Dichte von 0,07 bis 0,125 g/cm3, mittelhartes Balsaholz von 0,125 bis 0,175 g/cm3 und hartes Balsaholz von 0,175 bis 0,25 g/cm3 auf.The balsa wood veneers are obtained from logs whose wood has, for example, a density of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 . Soft balsa wood has a density of 0.07 to 0.125 g / cm 3 , medium hard balsa wood of 0.125 to 0.175 g / cm 3 and hard balsa wood of 0.175 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .

Die Stämme werden durch Tangentialschnitt in einer Furnierschälmaschine zu dünnen Holzlagen, sog. Veneers, verarbeitet. Nach einem Trocknungsschritt können die Holzlagen in Balsaholzstreifen geschnitten werden. Die Länge der einzelnen Streifen kann beispielsweise von 50 mm bis 1000 mm, zweckmässig bis 500 mm und vorteilhaft bis 300 mm betragen. Die Breite der einzelnen Streifen kann von 10 mm bis 1000 mm und die Dicke von 0,3 mm bis 10 mm betragen.The trunks are processed by tangential cutting in a veneer peeling machine into thin layers of wood, so-called veneers. After a drying step, the wood layers can be cut into balsa wood strips. The length of the individual strips can be, for example, from 50 mm to 1000 mm, advantageously up to 500 mm and advantageously up to 300 mm. The width of the individual strips can be from 10 mm to 1000 mm and the thickness from 0.3 mm to 10 mm.

Erfindungsgemäss werden die Stämme durch Tangentialschnitt in einer Furnierschälmaschine zu dünnen Holzlagen, demnach zu Balsaholzfurnieren in Form von Furniertafeln, auch Holzblätter, Schälfurniere, Furniere oder sog. Veneers sind geeignet, verarbeitet. Die Furniertafeln als solche werden mit der vorgesehenen Menge an Klebstoff allseitig durch aufsprühen, aufstreichen oder bestäuben beschichtet. Die beleimten Furniertafeln können -- fallweise aus Fraktionen verschiedener Dichte und/oder Holzqualität gemischt -- zu Formkörpern geschichtet werden. In der Regel werden die beleimten Furniertafeln mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf zu einem Block geschichtet. Mittels Druck und/oder Temperatur, jedoch auch ohne äussere Druckeinwirkung oder Temperatureinwirkung kann der Klebstoff aktiviert werden, wobei der Klebstoff aufschäumt, chemisch reagiert und die Furniertafeln gegenseitig zu einem Formkörper in Blockform trennfest verklebt werden. Die Seitenkantenlänge der Furniertafeln richtet sich nach den apparativen Gegebenheiten und kann z.B. von 50 cm bis 300 cm betragen. Aus praktischen Gründen beträgt die Länge von 100 cm bis 250 cm. Die Furniertafeln, beispielsweise in einer Dicke von 0,1 cm bis 3 cm, werden mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf übereinander geschichtet oder gestapelt, wobei die Stapelhöhe unkritisch ist und beispielsweise von 5 cm bis 250 cm betragen kann. Mittels des Klebstoffes zwischen den Furniertafeln werden diese zu einem Block verklebt. Es kann ein Block, beispielsweise aus 2 bis 2000 übereinander geschichteten und verklebten Furniertafeln erzeugt werden. Von diesem Block können quer zum Faserverlauf die gesuchten Hirnholzplatten beispielsweise einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 5 cm abgetrennt, wie abgesägt oder abgeschnitten, werden. Fallweise kann die Verklebung nur formhaltig, d.h. ohne Anwendung eines äusseren Druckes, erfolgen. Ein aufschäumender Klebstoff kann sowohl als Kleber, als auch als Füller zwischen den Furniertafeln wirken.According to the invention, the stems by tangential cut in a Veneer peeling machine to thin wood layers, thus to Balsaholzfurnieren in the form of veneer sheets, also wood sheets, peel veneers, veneers or so-called veneers are suitable, processed. As such, the veneer sheets are coated on all sides with the intended amount of adhesive by spraying, painting or dusting. The glued veneer sheets can - if necessary mixed from fractions of different density and / or wood quality - be layered into shaped bodies. In general, the glued veneer panels are layered with a rectified fiber flow into a block. By means of pressure and / or temperature, but also without external pressure or temperature action, the adhesive can be activated, wherein the adhesive foams, reacts chemically and the veneer sheets are mutually bonded to a molded body in block form. The side edge length of the veneer sheets depends on the conditions of the apparatus and can be, for example, from 50 cm to 300 cm. For practical reasons, the length is from 100 cm to 250 cm. The veneer sheets, for example, in a thickness of 0.1 cm to 3 cm, are stacked or stacked with rectified fiber flow, the stack height is not critical and can be, for example, from 5 cm to 250 cm. By means of the adhesive between the veneer sheets these are glued to a block. It can be a block, for example, from 2 to 2000 stacked and glued veneer panels are produced. From this block, the desired end grain wood panels can be separated, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm, as sawn or cut, transversely to the fiber flow. In some cases, the bonding can only take place in a form-retaining manner, ie without the application of an external pressure. A foaming adhesive can act as an adhesive as well as a filler between the veneer sheets.

Bei der Verarbeitung, durch seitlichen Druck durch Rollen oder Wangen und vertikalen Druck durch ein Band, Doppelband oder Rollen, soll der angewendete Druck derart gewählt werden, dass das Zell- resp. Fasergefüge des Balsaholzes nicht verändert oder beschädigt wird, insbesondere, dass durch Kompression die Dichte des Balsaholzes nicht oder nur geringfügig verändert wird. Der Pressdruck soll niedrig eingestellt sein, da bei zu hohem Pressdruck auch das Holzgefüge insgesamt zusammengepresst wird. Der angewendete Druck zwischen zwei Rollen und/oder Bändern kann bis 50 bar, zweckmässig 0,5 bis 5 bar betragen.During processing, by lateral pressure by rollers or cheeks and vertical pressure by a band, double band or rollers, the applied pressure should be chosen such that the cell resp. Fiber structure of balsa wood is not changed or damaged, in particular, that by compression, the density of balsa wood is not or only slightly changed becomes. The pressing pressure should be set low because too high pressing pressure and the wood structure is compressed in total. The applied pressure between two rollers and / or belts can be up to 50 bar, suitably 0.5 to 5 bar.

Als Klebstoff werden aufschäumende Kleber oder Schaumkleber und dabei insbesondere schäumende oder geschäumte polyurethanhaltige Kleber eingesetzt. Es können Klebstoffe, wie 2-Komponenten-Klebstoffe, insbesondere aufschäumende Klebstoffe, z.B. auf PUR-Basis, oder 1-Komponenten-Klebstoffe, insbesondere aufschäumende Klebstoffe, z.B. auf PUR-Basis, beispielsweise solche, die unter Einfluss von Feuchtigkeit reagieren, eingesetzt werden. Die zur Reaktion benötigte Feuchtigkeit kann beispielsweise durch die Holzfeuchtigkeit allein oder durch Befeuchten des Holzes beigestellt werden. Die Klebstoffe können unter Wärmeeinfluss reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Es können die Klebstoffe unter Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Oder, es können die Klebstoffe unter Wärmeeinfluss und Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Günstig sind Klebstoffe, die ohne Hitze reagieren, aushärten oder abbinden, demnach solche die ein Kalthärten oder sog. "cold curing" ermöglichen. Auch günstig sind Klebstoffe, die ohne von aussen angewendetem Druck reagieren, abbinden oder aushärten. Wie vorstehend erwähnt, kann durch viskoses Verhalten des Klebstoffes oder durch den Schäumprozess der Klebstoff in die Zwischenräume oder Klebefugen zwischen die gegenseitigen Auflageflächen, resp. Klebefugen, der Streifen gelangen und dazwischen liegende Poren, Lücken oder Spalten teilweise und vorteilhaft vollständig ausfüllen und eine trennfeste Verbindung schaffen.Foaming adhesives or foam adhesives and, in particular, foaming or foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives are used as adhesives. Adhesives such as 2-component adhesives, especially intumescent adhesives, e.g. PUR-based, or 1-component adhesives, especially intumescent adhesives, e.g. PUR-based, for example, those that react under the influence of moisture, are used. The moisture required for the reaction can be provided, for example, by the wood moisture alone or by moistening the wood. The adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat. It can react, set or cure the adhesives under pressure. Or, the adhesives can react, set or harden under the influence of heat and pressure. Conveniently, adhesives that react, cure or set without heat, thus enabling a cold curing or so-called "cold curing". Adhesives which react, set or harden without externally applied pressure are also favorable. As mentioned above, by viscous behavior of the adhesive or by the foaming process, the adhesive in the interstices or adhesive joints between the mutual bearing surfaces, resp. Adhesive joints, the strip pass and fill in between pores, gaps or gaps partially and advantageously completely and create a release bond.

Die Hirnholzplatten enthalten einen Holz- und einen Klebstoffanteil. Der Holzanteil einer Hirnholzplatte kann beispielsweise von 60 bis 95 Vol.-% betragen. Der Klebstoff ist vorteilhaft in Anteilen von 1 bis 40 Vol.-% vorhanden. In der Regel liegt der Klebstoff in Anteilen von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, zweckmässig 2 bis 10 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen der Hirnholzplatte, vor.The end grain boards contain a wood and an adhesive component. The wood content of a end grain board may be, for example, from 60 to 95% by volume. The adhesive is advantageously present in proportions of 1 to 40% by volume. In general, the adhesive is in proportions of 1 to 15 vol .-%, suitably 2 to 10 vol .-% and preferably 3 to 5 vol .-%, based on the volume of end grain, above.

Der ausreagierte, wie aufgeschäumte oder abgebundene Klebstoff kann Dichten oder Raumgewichte von 50 kg/m3 bis 300 kg/m3 aufweisen. Die aufgeschäumten Klebstoffe weisen vorteilhaft ein Raumgewicht von 50 kg/m3 bis 240 kg/m3 auf.The reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive may have densities or densities of 50 kg / m 3 to 300 kg / m 3 . The foamed adhesives advantageously have a density of 50 kg / m 3 to 240 kg / m 3 .

Vorteilhaft weist der ausreagierte, wie aufgeschäumte oder abgebundene Klebstoff die gleiche oder nahezu gleiche Dichte wie die Dichte des umgebenden Balsaholzes auf. Der ausreagierte Klebstoff kann, bezogen auf die Dichte des den Klebstoff umgebenden Balsaholzes, beispielsweise eine 0 bis zu 20 Gew.-% höhere oder 0 bis zu 20 Gew.-% niedrigere Dichte aufweisen. Klebstoffe mit Dichten des ausreagierten Klebstoffes, die 0 bis 10 Gew.-% über oder 0 bis 10 Gew.-% unter der Dichte des umgebenden Balsaholzes liegen, werden bevorzugt. Als Klebstoffe mit Dichten im angegebenen Bereich sind aufgeschäumte Polyurethankleber besonders geeignet. Mit der Dichte ist bei geschäumten Klebern deren Raumgewicht gemeint. Damit kann die vorteilhafte niedrige Dichte des Balsaholzes auch mit den erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzkörpern erreicht werden.Advantageously, the fully reacted, such as foamed or set adhesive on the same or almost the same density as the density of the surrounding balsa wood. The reacted adhesive can, for example, have a 0 to 20% by weight higher or 0 to 20% by weight lower density, based on the density of the balsa wood surrounding the adhesive. Adhesives with densities of the reacted adhesive that are 0 to 10 wt% over or 0 to 10 wt% below the density of the surrounding balsa wood are preferred. Foamed polyurethane adhesives are particularly suitable as adhesives with densities in the stated range. The density of foamed adhesives refers to their density. Thus, the advantageous low density of balsa wood can be achieved with the inventive end grain wood bodies.

Da das bevorzugt zu den Hirnholzkörpern verarbeitete Balsaholz ein Naturprodukt darstellt, weist es je nach Pflanzensorte, Standort oder durch Wachstumseinflüsse etc. unterschiedliche Dichten oder Raumgewichte auf. Vorliegend fällt die Wahl bevorzugt auf Hölzer mit Dichten von etwa 80 bis 200 kg/m3. Bezüglich der Hirnholzplatte nach vorliegender Erfindung in der praktischen Anwendung ist ein Raumgewicht von beispielsweise kleiner als 160 kg/m3 vorteilhaft. Günstige Raumgewichte liegen bei 80 bis 160 kg/m3, vorteilhaft liegen die Raumgewichte bei 100 bis 140 kg/m3 und insbesondere bei 120 kg/m3. Um das angestrebte Raumgewicht für eine Hirnholzplatte zu erhalten, lassen sich als eine Massnahme die Furniere oder Streifen von Hölzern verschiedener Dichte mischen. Eine weitere Massnahme ist die Wahl des Klebstoffes unter Berücksichtigung von dessen Dichte. Bei aufschäumenden Klebstoffen kann dessen Dichte berücksichtigt und der Schäumgrad beeinflusst werden, um das Raumgewicht des Formkörpers zu beeinflussen. Die Massnahmen lassen sich auch kombinieren.Since the balsa wood, which is preferably processed into end grain wood bodies, is a natural product, it has different densities or specific weights, depending on the type of plant, location or growth effects, etc. In the present case, preference is given to woods with densities of about 80 to 200 kg / m 3 . With respect to the end grain wood plate of the present invention in practical use, a density of, for example, less than 160 kg / m 3 is advantageous. Favorable room weights are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 . In order to achieve the desired density of a end grain, can be mixed as a measure, the veneers or strips of wood of different density. Another measure is the choice of the adhesive taking into account its density. In the case of intumescent adhesives, its density and the degree of foaming can be taken into account be influenced to influence the density of the molding. The measures can also be combined.

Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzplatte. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8 auf. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den von Anspruch 8 abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The present invention also relates to a process for producing the end grain wood board according to the invention. The inventive method has the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments of the method are described in the claims dependent on claim 8.

In zweckmässiger Ausführungsform zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzplatte werden die Balsaholzfurniere in einer Doppelbandpresse verfestigt. Bevorzugt wird der Klebstoff in Anteilen von 1 bis 40 Vol.-%, zweckmässig von 1 bis 15 Vol.-%, besonders zweckmässig 2 bis 10 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise 3 bis 5 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Volumen des Hirnholzkörpers eingesetzt.In an expedient embodiment for producing the end grain wood panel according to the invention, the balsa wood veneers are solidified in a double belt press. The adhesive is preferably used in proportions of from 1 to 40% by volume, suitably from 1 to 15% by volume, more suitably from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the end grain used.

Bei den Formkörpern handelt es sich um Balken, Bohlen, oder Platten, die nun quer zum Faserverlauf in Hirnholzplatten geteilt werden können. Eine Mehrzahl von Furniertafeln, Balken oder Bohlen, die üblicherweise einen polygonalen, insbesondere rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, können weiter zu Blöcken mit gleichgerichtetem Faserverlauf oder im Wesentlichen parallelen Faserverlauf gestapelt, gegenseitig verklebt und quer zum Faserverlauf in Hirnholzplatten aufgeteilt, wie abgeschnitten, zersägt usw., werden. Wird das Verfahren derart geführt, dass anstelle von Balken oder Bohlen die Formkörper als Platten anfallen, können die Platten zu Blöcken gestapelt und gegenseitig verklebt werden. Der Faserverlauf oder die Faserrichtung im Plattenblock ist gleichgerichtet und quer zum Faserverlauf können die Hirnholzplatten vom Block abgetrennt werden.The moldings are beams, planks, or plates, which can now be divided across the grain in end grain boards. A plurality of veneer sheets, beams or planks, which typically have a polygonal, in particular rectangular cross-section, can be further stacked into blocks with a rectified grain or substantially parallel grain, mutually adhered and split across the grain into end grain panels, such as cut, sawn, etc., become. If the process is conducted in such a way that instead of beams or planks, the moldings are produced as plates, the plates can be stacked into blocks and glued together. The grain or the fiber direction in the plate block is rectified and across the grain, the end grain plates can be separated from the block.

Die erfindungsgemäss gewonnen Hirnholzplatten können auf gleiche Art und Weise eingesetzt werden, wie die bis anhin gefertigten Platten. Beispielsweise durch ein- oder beidseitiges Aufbringen, quer zum Faserverlauf, von Kunststoffplatten, von mit Glas-, Kunststoff- oder Carbonfasern verstärkten Kunststoffplatten oder -schichten, Metallplatten oder Blechen, Holzplatten, Furnieren, Geweben, Gewirken, Gestricken, Vliesen, Folien usw. auf das Mittellagenmaterial oder eine Hirnholzplatte, erhält man hochbelastbare Verbundwerkstoffe. Die erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzplatten können einseitig mit Faservlies, Gewirken, Gestricken oder Geweben beklebt werden und können von der anderen Seite her würfel- oder quaderförmig bis auf eine kleine Restdicke in Richtung des Faserverlaufes eingeschnitten werden. Die so verarbeitete Platte wird dadurch biegbar und lässt sich in konkave oder konvexe Form bringen.The end grain boards obtained according to the invention can be used in the same way as the plates produced so far. For example, by one or two-sided application, transverse to the fiber flow, of plastic plates, reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, Woven, knitted, crocheted, nonwovens, foils, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, one obtains high-strength composite materials. The end grain boards according to the invention can be glued on one side to non-woven fabric, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics or woven fabrics and can be cut from the other side in a cuboid or cuboid shape to a small residual thickness in the direction of the fiber flow. The thus processed plate is thereby bendable and can be brought into concave or convex shape.

Mit vorliegendem Verfahren gelingt es das Balsaholz in viel grösserem Masse für Hirnholzplatten zu verwerten, als es bis anhin möglich war. Ausgehend vom geernteten Balsaholz, bis zu einer Hirnholzplatte ist bei konventionellen Methoden eine Ausbeute von lediglich 24% erzielbar. Es treten Verluste in den Sägewerken bei der Herstellung der Balsabohlen oder Kantelhölzer, beim nachfolgenden Trocknen, beim Schichten und Kleben zu Blöcken, und schliesslich beim Zersägen, auf. Mit vorliegendem Verfahren wird eine Ausbeute von 60 bis 70% erreicht. Insbesondere können nahezu alle Teile des Balsaholzstammes, zumindest solange die Teile noch nach deren Faserverlauf ausrichtbar sind, verwertet werden oder es können die Stämme abfallfrei oder äusserst abfallarm geschält und die Schälprodukte vollständig verwertet werden.With the present method it is possible to use the balsa wood to a much greater extent for end grain boards than was previously possible. Starting from the harvested balsa wood, up to a end grain wood panel, a yield of only 24% can be achieved with conventional methods. There are losses in the sawmills in the production of balsa or Kantelhölzer, the subsequent drying, when layering and gluing into blocks, and finally when sawing on. With the present method, a yield of 60 to 70% is achieved. In particular, almost all parts of the Balsaholzstammes, at least as long as the parts are still aligned according to their fiber orientation, be recycled or it can be peeled without waste or very low waste and peeling products are fully utilized.

Balsaholz lässt sich sehr gut und dauerhaft verleimen. Die Festigkeit der Klebefuge kann die Festigkeit des umgebenden Holzgewebes darstellen, kann geringer sein oder diese übertreffen. Je nach Wahl des Klebstoffes können die Eigenschaften der Hirnholzplatte oder von Balsaholzteilen verändert werden. Der Klebstoff in den Klebefugen kann beispielsweise auch eine eigentliche Stützstruktur oder ein stützendes Netzwerk herausbilden, welche zu noch druck- und/oder reissfesteren Materialien führen oder der Klebstoff kann die Elastizität eines Balsaholzteils vermindern oder erhöhen. Die Klebefugen können auch verstärkende Materialien, wie Fasern, beispielsweise als Bestandteil des Klebstoffes, enthalten.Balsa wood can be glued very well and permanently. The strength of the glue joint may be, may be lower or exceed the strength of the surrounding wood fabric. Depending on the choice of adhesive, the properties of end grain or balsa wood parts can be changed. The adhesive in the adhesive joints may for example also form an actual support structure or a supporting network, which lead to even pressure and / or tear-resistant materials or the adhesive may reduce or increase the elasticity of a Balsaholzteils. The adhesive joints may also contain reinforcing materials such as fibers, for example as part of the adhesive.

Die erfindungsgemässen Hirnholzplatten können in vielfacher Weise verwendet werden. Beispielsweise stellen sie Ausgangsprodukte oder Fertigprodukte im Bereich der Schichtstoffe, Sandwichmaterialien oder der sog. Composites dar. Im Bereich der Energieerzeugung können die Hirnholzplatten Teile von Rotoren, Propellern und Windflügeln für Windmühlen oder windbetriebenen Generatoren oder Turbinen bilden, insbesondere Kerne oder Kernmaterialien in Flügeln, Rotoren, Schaufeln oder Schaufelblättern.The end grain boards according to the invention can be used in many ways. For example, they are starting materials or finished products in the field of laminates, sandwich materials or so-called composites. In the field of energy production, the end grain boards can form parts of rotors, propellers and wind blades for windmills or wind-driven generators or turbines, in particular cores or core materials in wings, rotors , Shovels or shovels.

Günstige Raumgewichte für die Kerne oder als Kernmaterialien für die genannten Zwecke liegen bei 80 bis 160 kg/m3, vorteilhaft liegen die Raumgewichte bei 100 bis 140 kg/m3 und insbesondere bei 120 kg/m3. Die Hirnholzplatten können, beispielsweise als Kernmaterial oder Schichtstoff in Transportmitteln, wie Decken, Böden, Zwischenböden, Wandverkleidungen, Abdeckungen usw. in Booten, Schiffen, Bussen, Lastkraftwagen, Eisenbahnfahrzeugen usw. eingesetzt werden. Durch die geringe Dichte der Hirnholzplatten können diese als Ersatz für herkömmliche Leichtbau- und Kernmaterialien, wie Wabenkörper, Schaumstoffe usw., dienen.Favorable volume weights for the cores or as core materials for the stated purposes are 80 to 160 kg / m 3 , advantageously the space weights are 100 to 140 kg / m 3 and in particular 120 kg / m 3 . The end grain boards can be used, for example, as core material or laminate in means of transport such as ceilings, floors, shelves, wall coverings, covers, etc. in boats, ships, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, etc. Due to the low density of end grain boards, these can serve as a substitute for conventional lightweight and core materials, such as honeycomb bodies, foams, etc.

Anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 ist vorliegende Erfindung beispielhaft illustriert.Based on FIGS. 1 to 4 For example, the present invention is illustrated by way of example.

Figur 1 stellt eine Bohle oder ein Ausschnitt aus einem Balsaholzstamm (2) dar. Der Pfeil (L) zeigt in die Längsrichtung, die der Wachstumsrichtung und damit dem Faserverlauf entspricht. Pfeil (L) stellt auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Q stellt die Querschnittfläche, d.h. den Schnitt quer zum Faserverlauf, dar. Pfeil (R) weist in Richtung der Radialschnittfläche. Pfeil (T) weist in Richtung der Tangentialschnittfläche. FIG. 1 represents a screed or a section of a Balsaholzstamm (2). The arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber profile. Arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. Q represents the cross-sectional area, ie the cross-section of the fiber. Arrow (R) points in the direction of the radial section surface. Arrow (T) points towards the tangential interface.

In Figur 2 ist ein Abschnitt eines Balsaholzstammes (2) gezeigt. Der Pfeil (L) weist in Längsrichtung, die der Wachstumsrichtung und damit dem Faserverlauf entspricht. Somit stellt Pfeil (L) auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Q stellt die Querschnittfläche dar. Ein Span (3) ist skizzenhaft dem Stamm (2) entnommen. Der Faserverlauf im Span (3) verläuft entsprechend ebenfalls in Richtung des Pfeils (L).In FIG. 2 a section of a balsa wood trunk (2) is shown. The arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the fiber flow. Thus, arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. Q represents the cross-sectional area. A chip (3) is sketchily taken from the trunk (2). The fiber course in the chip (3) runs accordingly also in the direction of the arrow (L).

Figur 3 stellt ein Beispiel eines Formkörpers in Form einer Bohle (4) aus gegenseitig verklebten Spänen (3) dar. Die Bohle hat eine Seitenkante einer Länge S1 und eine zweite Seitenkante S2. Der Faserverlauf aller Späne (3) liegt in Richtung des Pfeils (L). Somit stellt Pfeil (L) auch die Achse des Faserverlaufs dar. Beispielhaft wurden nur zwei Späne (3) bezeichnet. Es wird deutlich, dass die Späne (3) gegenseitig möglichst dicht einander anliegen. Der gegenseitige Faserverlauf der Späne liegt möglichst parallel, resp. höchstens in einem Winkel abweichend, wie oben stehend angegeben, in der Achse in Richtung des Pfeils (L). Die sich unvermeidlich zwischen den unregelmässig geformten Spänen bildenden Zwischenräume sind mit Klebstoff gefüllt. Der Klebstoff bildet eine trennfeste Verbindung der Späne untereinander. Mit Q1 ist die Querschnittsfläche oder Hirnschnittfläche der Bohle bezeichnet. Die Balsaholzfasern sind an dieser Fläche quer durchtrennt. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a shaped body in the form of a screed (4) of mutually bonded chips (3). The screed has a side edge of a length S 1 and a second side edge S 2 . The fiber course of all chips (3) lies in the direction of the arrow (L). Thus, arrow (L) also represents the axis of the fiber flow. By way of example, only two chips (3) have been designated. It is clear that the chips (3) abut each other as closely as possible. The mutual fiber profile of the chips is as parallel as possible, resp. deviating at most at an angle, as indicated above, in the axis in the direction of the arrow (L). The spaces inevitably formed between the irregularly shaped chips are filled with adhesive. The adhesive forms a separable connection of the chips with each other. Q 1 denotes the cross-sectional area or brain sectional area of the screed. The balsa fibers are cut transversely across this surface.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Block (5) aus einer Mehrzahl von Formkörpern in Form von Platten (4) im Stapel. Die Platten (4) können im Prinzip auch der Bohle (4) aus Figur 3 entsprechen, lediglich ist die Seitenkante S1 gegenüber der zweiten Seitenkante S2 erheblich vergrössert, so dass von einer Platte zu sprechen ist. Anstelle der Platten (5) können Furniertafeln (4), fallweise auch als Holzblätter, Schälfurniere, Furniere oder Veneers bezeichnet, eingesetzt werden. Die gestapelten Platten (4) sind untereinander mit Klebstoff trennfest verbunden. Zweckmässig wird derselbe Klebstoff verwendet, der zur Erzeugung der Bohle oder Platte eingesetzt wird. In allen Platten (4) ist der Faserverlauf entlang, resp. im wesentlichen parallel einer Achse laufend in Richtung des Pfeils (L) ausgerichtet. Mit Q2 ist die Querschnittsfläche oder Hirnschnittfläche des Blockes (5) bezeichnet. Die Balsaholzfasern sind an der Fläche Q2 quer durchtrennt. Die gestrichelten Linien (6) deuten Schnitt- oder Sägelinien an. Die Schnittlinien (6) können einen beliebigen Abstand zueinander aufweisen und der Abstand richtet sich beispielsweise nach dem Verwendungszweck der abzutrennenden Hirnholzplatte (8). Der Block (5) wird demnach zu einer Anzahl von Formkörpern, hier zu Hirnholzplatten (8), verarbeitet. FIG. 4 shows a block (5) of a plurality of moldings in the form of plates (4) in the stack. The plates (4) can in principle also the screed (4) FIG. 3 correspond, only the side edge S 1 is considerably enlarged relative to the second side edge S 2 , so that is to speak of a plate. Instead of the plates (5) veneer sheets (4), sometimes referred to as wood sheets, peeled veneers, veneers or veneers, can be used. The stacked plates (4) are connected to each other with adhesive separation. Conveniently, the same adhesive is used, which is used to produce the screed or plate. In all plates (4) of the fiber flow along, resp. aligned substantially parallel to an axis in the direction of the arrow (L). Q 2 denotes the cross sectional area or brain sectional area of the block (5). The Balsaholzfasern are severed across the surface Q 2 across. The dashed lines (6) indicate cutting or sawing lines. The cutting lines (6) can have any desired distance from each other and the distance depends, for example, on the Intended use of the end grain (8) to be separated. The block (5) is thus processed into a number of moldings, here to end grain wood boards (8).

Claims (10)

  1. End-grain wood panel containing wood having a predefined grain direction for pressure to be applied in the grain direction,
    characterised in that
    the wood consists of balsa wood veneers that are produced by tangential cutting of balsa wood trunks in a veneer peeling machine, the balsa wood veneers have a grain direction that is substantially aligned with respect to an ideal grain direction, the ideal grain direction (L) describing the grain direction in which all the balsa wood veneers have the same grain direction, and the grain direction of the individual balsa wood veneers deviate from the ideal grain direction by no more than 30°, and the end-gr ain wood panel contains foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives between the balsa wood veneers, the adhesive being present in amounts of from 1 to 15 vol.%, based on the volume of the end-grain wood panel.
  2. End-grain wood panel according to claim 1, characterised in that the fully-reacted adhesive of the end-grain wood article has the same density as that of the balsa wood veneers, or the density thereof deviates from the density of the balsa wood veneers by a maximum of 20 wt.%.
  3. End-grain wood panel according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the balsa wood veneers have a side-edge length of from 500 mm to 2500 mm and a thickness of from 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
  4. End-grain wood panel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the density of the balsa wood veneers is from 0.07 to 0.25 g/cm3.
  5. End-grain wood panel according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the grain direction of the individual balsa wood veneers deviates from the ideal grain direction (L) by no more than 0° to 10°, in particular by no more than 0° to 3°.
  6. End-grain wood panel according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the adhesives are contained in amounts of from 2 to 10 vol.%, and in particular in amounts of from 3 to 5 vol.%, based on the volume of the end-grain wood article (8).
  7. End-grain wood panel according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the end-grain wood article (8) is an end-grain wood panel in which the grain direction of the balsa wood veneers contained therein deviates from a surface normal of the end-grain wood panel surface by no more than 30°.
  8. Method for producing an end-grain wood panel (8) according to any of claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that
    balsa wood veneers are produced from balsa wood trunks by tangential cutting in a veneer peeling machine, coated with foamable, polyurethane-containing adhesives, and are substantially aligned according to the grain direction, the grain direction of the individual balsa wood veneers not deviating from an ideal grain direction (L), in which all of the balsa wood veneers have the same grain direction, by more than 30°, the adhesive is activated, foamed, and solidified forming adhesion and filler between the balsa wood veneers to form a shaped article in the form of a panel, a block or a board, optionally a plurality of shaped articles are stacked on top of one another and glued together, and the resulting shaped article is separated transversely to the ideal grain direction thereof in order to form a number of end-grain wood panels.
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that the balsa wood veneers, which are coated with adhesive and aligned relative to the grain direction, are consolidated in a double-belt press to form shaped articles.
  10. Method according to either claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the balsa wood veneers are coated with adhesive in amounts of from 1 to 15 vol.%, preferably from 2 to 10 vol.%, and in particular from 3 to 5 vol.%, based on the volume of the shaped article.
EP11003323.0A 2008-05-15 2009-05-11 Product with balsa wood and method for its production Not-in-force EP2351635B1 (en)

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EP20080405135 EP2119539B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 Product made from balsa wood and method for its production
EP09745531A EP2288479A1 (en) 2008-05-15 2009-05-11 Shaped articles with balsa wood and method of producing them
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DE102013101428A1 (en) 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Airex Ag Biegeholzlaminat and produced thereon curved molding
CN106049819B (en) * 2016-07-15 2018-06-01 宜华生活科技股份有限公司 Veneer clad can integrated timber floor and its processing method
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DK2351635T3 (en) 2017-02-06
SI2351635T1 (en) 2017-01-31
EP2119539B1 (en) 2014-10-22
DK2119539T3 (en) 2015-01-26
CN103331797B (en) 2016-06-15
BRPI0912758B1 (en) 2019-12-10
PT2351635T (en) 2016-11-30
CA2723851C (en) 2018-07-17
HRP20150041T1 (en) 2015-02-27
EP2119539A1 (en) 2009-11-18
US8318319B2 (en) 2012-11-27
EP2351635A3 (en) 2012-10-24
WO2009138197A1 (en) 2009-11-19
BRPI0912758A2 (en) 2015-10-13
ES2603356T3 (en) 2017-02-27
PL2119539T3 (en) 2015-03-31
SI2119539T1 (en) 2015-01-30
HUE030312T2 (en) 2017-04-28
US20110064907A1 (en) 2011-03-17
EP2351635A2 (en) 2011-08-03
ECSP10010611A (en) 2010-12-30
CN102099167A (en) 2011-06-15
CN102099167B (en) 2016-04-13
CN103331797A (en) 2013-10-02
EP2288479A1 (en) 2011-03-02
CA2723851A1 (en) 2009-11-19
PT2119539E (en) 2014-12-03
ES2524878T3 (en) 2014-12-15

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