EP2390433B1 - Eléments préfabriqués et leur procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Eléments préfabriqués et leur procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2390433B1
EP2390433B1 EP10005645.6A EP10005645A EP2390433B1 EP 2390433 B1 EP2390433 B1 EP 2390433B1 EP 10005645 A EP10005645 A EP 10005645A EP 2390433 B1 EP2390433 B1 EP 2390433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layers
solid wood
layer
dowels
functional
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EP10005645.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2390433A1 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Dr. Merl
Viktor Vracar
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material

Definitions

  • the DE 101 63 446 A1 relates to a composite component, in particular as a wall, ceiling or roof element for house construction. This consists of a plurality of interconnected layers of juxtaposed, in particular elongated elements whose orientation is different from layer to layer. The individual layers are held together by connecting means, in particular of metal.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide prefabricated building elements, such as timber construction elements, which are as optimally prepared as possible for the final destination and to minimize working requirements during construction.
  • the invention provides a prefabricated component according to claims 1 to 8.
  • Both the at least one functional recess, which does not serve for any connection elements between the layers, as well as the functional devices and / or elements to be accommodated therein are realized directly in the production of the finished component, so that a post-processing of the finished component is saved after its use during construction.
  • the processing already in the production of the finished component is simpler and more efficient and can be done under weather-independent conditions and using optimal and powerful machines and equipment, which is not everything on construction sites.
  • the prefabricated prefabricated components can also be further treated as a unit before they are used for construction. In addition, flawless surfaces are obtained, so that the prefabricated components provide inner and outer surfaces that have no unwanted openings, bumps or edges.
  • a plurality of functional recesses - as already mentioned, those not provided for accommodating any connecting elements penetrating a plurality of layers to connect them - be contained in a prefabricated component, wherein such multiple functional recesses within the same layer and / or within different Layers can be arranged.
  • Further preferred embodiments of the at least one non-connection-relevant functional recess and preferably a plurality of such functional recesses consist in that each such functional recess can be configured channel-like, passage-like or container-like.
  • any non-connection-relevant functional recess within the layer in which it is arranged itself, or in the layer to which it is adjacent can be widened and / or connected to a passage to a further layer or an outer side and connected to such a passage stand.
  • non-connection-relevant functional recesses in adjacent layers can be aligned and / or combined with one another, wherein in particular also three or more layers may have aligned and combined non-connection-relevant functional recesses.
  • the solid wood boards and / or bars of two adjacent solid wood layers are aligned unequal to each other, which also with some, such as two or three or four layers with parallel aligned, but with respect to the layers in particular partially overlapping solid wood boards and / or - rods can be combined.
  • the axial length of the dowels is, with particular preference, shorter than the total thickness of the layers in which the dowel engages; thereby, an affected side of a layer is not obtained from either the dowel or a dowel receiving bore, which is different from any functional recess according to the invention and which is present in addition to any functional recess.
  • dowel receiving bores are provided which are to be distinguished from any functional recess according to the invention.
  • recesses meant that do not serve for the inclusion of engagement elements or specifically dowels, so do not contribute to a connection function between the layers. This is expressed by the words "non-connection-relevant functional recess” or “connection-irrelevant functional recess” or “connection-function-free functional recess” for the functional recess according to the invention.
  • connection-irrelevant or connection-function-free functional recess is designed for thermal insulation, heat storage, fire retardation, fire protection, improved statics, lighting, daylighting, building biology, energy-saving and comfort functions, improved sound insulation.
  • air guide channels and inlet and outlet openings are provided as connection-insensitive or connection-function-free function recesses according to the invention, further preferably having control devices, such as e.g. Flaps, panels or wings are provided.
  • a direct or indirect lighting with bulbs can be placed using the three-dimensional structure already in their preparation in the interior of the finished component in the form of a wall or ceiling element, and no longer has to put on this or subsequently be incorporated therein with the requirement then still be closed and / or disguised.
  • This provides in a further advantageous manner e.g. special lighting effects without having to create additional space.
  • cable ducts for supply and / or control cables as well as receiving openings for light sources and / or outlet openings for light are provided as connection function-free or connection-irrelevant functional recesses according to the invention.
  • a particular indirect illumination by means of at least one inventive connection irrelevant functional recess of the finished component is to be realized.
  • This can be, in particular, an LED room lighting with a very high proportion of indirect light, wherein it is further exploited that LED lights have an extremely long life (up to 200,000 hours) and in the smaller Designs with not too high power (less than 1 watt rated power) require no additional active cooling and release only minimal heat loss to the environment.
  • integrated, modern electrical lighting with low energy consumption, DC power supply and modern LED lighting elements can be realized.
  • an active adjustability of direct or indirect illumination may be provided by actively changing the placement or emission direction or emitting surface of the lighting devices or means, such as LEDs, via a mechanism within the finished device during use.
  • the at least one connection function-free functional recess of the finished component according to the invention can also be used for line purposes between the outside and the inside of the installed prefabricated element, for example to realize a complete solar-assisted and advantageously network-independent lighting system.
  • the connecting lines, any control and / or even suitable storage units are accommodated in the at least one functional recess according to the invention.
  • Wooden buildings still suffer from the widespread prejudice of an increased fire hazard, even if the opposite is proven. This market-obstructive prejudice can be counteracted by integrating an additional, active fire protection function into the components.
  • active water is released inside the timber element. The heat of evaporation of the released amount of water and the resulting water vapor actively counteract the fire. If the fire fights in time and the damage to the wooden structure can be limited in time, escapes the leaked water through the diffusion-open structure of the components in a relatively short time back to the outside, there are no permanent structural damage to be expected.
  • extinguishing and / or fire-damping channels as well as, in particular, extinguishing agent reservoirs are provided as inventive and connection-irrelevant functional recesses.
  • passive fire protection elements for walls, ceilings, roof
  • passive fire protection elements are in each case accommodated in a connection function-free functional recess and are activated, for example, by a melting process at significantly high temperatures (for example, from about 60 ° C.), so that they release an amount of water stored in them, which dries the adjacent wood layers and a Additionally inhibit or prevent inflammation.
  • fire protection elements can eg plastic pipes with a defined melting temperature in functional recesses according to the invention and thus be arranged between adjacent layers, which means a hidden installation.
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • active elements for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure
  • These are activated eg by an electronic valve control and a smoke or fire sensor and set a defined, limited amount of water, which drenched the adjacent layers of wood and additionally inhibit a fire.
  • the finished component can dry out slowly, in particular by a diffusion-open design without long-term damage can be expected.
  • Particularly advantageous is the use of fire protection elements that act both passive and active, so that even in case of failure or failure of active fire fighting ultimately the passive fire protection is automatically effective without further effort.
  • the combination of solid wood construction with earth construction elements is ideally suited to the implementation of important building biological functions.
  • the integration of clay elements already in the three-dimensional structure of the solid wood components is a reference to the well-known for centuries truss principle, with the described advantages of prefabrication over the artisanal execution on site.
  • the disadvantage of the subsequent introduction of clay construction elements is the entry of large amounts of building moisture and the subsequent long necessary dry period.
  • the combination of solid wood and clay even before delivery of the components can thus represent an important time factor for a fast and largely dry erection of the building.
  • Clay can have different functions: increased heat storage (factor 2-4 over solid wood), moisture regulation and odor retention are just a few functions.
  • clay represents interesting and highly variable design options for building design and as a contrast to the strict wood structure.
  • Clay is also an ideal material for the embedding of components for wall surface heating or cooling.
  • channels may also be provided within the three-dimensional solid wood structure from the component inside to the component outside, which serve in particular by means of control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, adjustable and / or controllable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation, furthermore preferably electrical and / or mechanical actuators are provided, which are manually and / or automatically actuated.
  • the control devices such as flaps, panels or wings, may be metal, plastic, glass, stone or wood or artificial substitutes therefor or combinations thereof.
  • a function of a decentralized, adjustable and / or adjustable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation can be realized by the channels from the component inside to the component outside by a heat exchanger effect for heat recovery from the exhaust air in winter or for pre-cooling the fresh air in the summer, for example realized over a temporal change of the air flow in the same channels or constant air flows in separate running channels in the countercurrent principle.
  • the active air movement is realized for example via radial or axial fans.
  • Both the collection of spent room air and the introduction of fresh air can be realized via a system of many smaller, distributed over the wall surface inlet and outlet openings, whereby disturbing effects of trains are largely eliminated.
  • For prefiltering the air and as a heat buffer clay elements can be used in the interior of the finished component.
  • a further embodiment variant is that active elements for the function of a wall surface heating are integrated in the prefabricated component within the three-dimensional solid wood structure.
  • the active elements may be hot water pipes or even electrical resistance heating elements.
  • a clay-like mass pre-dried in the functional recesses of the wall structures according to the invention is preferably used, which may extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated building elements.
  • active elements may be integrated for the function of wall surface cooling.
  • the active elements can e.g. Be cold water leading pipes.
  • a clay-like mass pre-dried in the connection function-free functional recesses of the wall structures can be used, which can extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated components.
  • the active elements for wall surface heating and cooling are designed so that both functions are alternatively possible.
  • the heating and the cooling function can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner by the same structural designs as a function of the water temperature in said tubes, which represents a further particular advantage.
  • Yet another function of the functionally imperceptible functional recesses according to the invention in the prefabricated component according to the invention is that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure active and / or passive elements for increasing the heat storage capacity are integrated in the functional recesses according to the invention.
  • active and / or passive elements for increasing the heat storage capacity are integrated in the functional recesses according to the invention.
  • suitable materials which have a higher heat storage capacity, such as clay-based materials, or by the placement of latent heat storage elements in theforensicsaus principles founded on the same way, passive elements for passive and / or active moisture regulation can be integrated within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by means of the connection-irrelevant functional recesses in the prefabricated structural elements according to the invention.
  • an interior of a building facing the inside of the prefabricated components contain at least one functional recess according to the invention, which additionally comprise or may contain a cage-like structure, wherein the cage-like structure contains cavities, the can be filled with the clay-like or -basierenden material, or which cage-like structure can serve as a reinforcement for the clay-like or -basierende mass, which then forms a layer, as it were.
  • an increased value of thermal insulation can be realized by the at least one functional function recess within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by creating a cage-like structure with very large air chambers enclosed therein by means of the functional recess according to the invention.
  • the resulting lightweight construction not only has thermally advantageous properties, but is also suitable for other applications in which a lower density of the elements is desirable.
  • the at least one connection function-free functional recess of the prefabricated component can also be used to hold passive elements for sound insulation (structure-borne noise, impact sound).
  • the functional recess according to the invention is filled for this purpose with sand, with loosely poured loam powder, with soft wood fiber material, with wood shavings or wood chips, with expanded clay or with mineralized cellulose (isoflock) or the like or combinations thereof.
  • This filling in the interior of the finished component provides a contribution to the attenuation of structure-borne noise.
  • a particularly high sound insulation is achieved if in several layers of the finished component different, such as differently dense filling materials are used in combination, such as. a layer of sand combined with a layer of wood shavings.
  • This design is particularly preferably used for interior walls, walls between inhabited units and for false ceilings.
  • connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component It is also possible to integrate passive elements for sound refraction in the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention.
  • This can e.g. be implemented by an open, cage-like structure of the prefabricated component by means of at least one functional function free function function, which breaks open, cage-like structure incident sound and drastically reduces the reflection. There are no additional, non-wood components needed.
  • noise protection against external noise i. from the environment, be achieved by suitable designs of at least one functional recess according to the invention
  • a further possibility of designing the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention is to integrate special components for active daylight introduction into the finished component in or by means of the at least one functional function recess, whereby a large amount of light can be conducted into a building constructed from such prefabricated components , And advantageously still only a slight heat loss may occur in the outer shell.
  • connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention it can be provided that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by combination with transparent or translucent elements a controlled active daylight guidance is created in the interior of the building, which are not designed as classic windows and which combine a light inlet with a very low heat loss.
  • connection-function-free functional recess of the prefabricated component can also be used and designed accordingly that it receives active elements for active thermal protection of windows and exterior doors functional elements that can be activated at night or in phases of non-use of the building.
  • active burglary protection for windows and exterior doors can be realized.
  • metallic protective elements bars, grates, etc.
  • connection function-free function recess is that in the latter power and / or control lines are housed in particular for multimedia and communication, especially in a general network and later desired and / or changeable circuitry.
  • media elements can advantageously be integrated into the prefabricated component by connection-irrelevant functional recesses according to the invention, even on the free sides.
  • a perfect look without disturbing cables or other "flying" components is possible in a flexible way.
  • an integrated, wireless or cable-based sensor system for implementing an (electrically) intelligent house temperature measurement and control, room humidity measurement, fire detection, light measurement and control, etc.
  • connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component can also be designed to accommodate at least one functional element for subsequent on-site assembly.
  • Mounting bracket made of hardwood or prefabricated threads for solid wood mounting elements in the prefabrication of the finished component are provided and housed, such as plug-in or extendable fasteners.
  • connection-function-free functional recess according to the invention of the finished component can be designed and used in order to be applied to the surface and inside of the prefabricated component, such as a timber component, integrated mounting and mounting systems for assemblies, including suspended mounts to realize.
  • the design of the prefabricated component with the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess according to the invention and preferably a plurality of such function recesses allows, depending on customer wishes or requirements, several of the above-described functions in the same prefabricated component can be combined with each other, depending on the function Embodiments spatially separated in different such function recesses or spatially combined in common suchgnacsausANS altogether can be realized.
  • the prefabricated components according to the invention are particularly suitable through their prefabrication to be connected in a rational, easy and fast way to complete buildings, in particular wooden structures, wherein the connection via solid wooden fasteners and / or metallic fasteners, such as screws done.
  • the invention also provides a manufacturing method according to claims 9-15 for achieving the above-mentioned object. It is further preferred if the position and dimensions of any existing erfmdungswashen connection-irrelevantjansausappelgeber is detected and such Bohrorte holes for receiving engagement elements, in particular dowels, are determined where there is no such function recess.
  • the detections of layers and dimensions of such functional recesses according to the invention take place optically with downstream image recognition electronics, the determination of desired values takes place or suitable drilling locations with computational electronics, and the creation of such bores is automated and controlled based on the results of the computational electronics.
  • the consideration of layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods in the individual layers and according to the invention compound irrelevant or connection function-freejansaus founded aus fundamentalungen in the individual layers combined.
  • a basic pattern of holes or minimum and maximum distances of holes are or are and the computer electronics from the results of the determination of the positions and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars in the individual layers and the location and dimensions of any existing erfmdungswashen functional recesses in the individual layers on the one hand and determined depending on the basic pattern of holes or minimum and maximum distances of holes optimally located drill sites or determined.
  • Still further preferred and / or advantageous method steps and features result from the analogous implementation of the device features, as well as device features which disclose corresponding device features.
  • Fig. 1 is shown schematically in a perspective and exploded view of a first embodiment of a finished component 1.
  • the representation can also be understood as a section of a prefabricated component, without limitation being referred to in all figures for linguistic simplification of the representation of a finished component 1, even if it may be in the figure to a representation of a section of a finished component ,
  • the prefabricated component 1 has two flat outer sides 2 and 3 as well as a first layer 4, a second layer 5 and a third layer 6.
  • the layers 4 to 6 are solid material layers, such as layers of or at least substantially a renewable and / or biological degradable raw material.
  • the layers 4 to 6 consist of solid wood.
  • the layers of the prefabricated building element 1 may consist of the same materials, of the same materials with different specifications or properties or of different materials, wherein any combinations of materials can be realized even with less or more than three layers, depending on the structural requirements or wishes.
  • the layers of MDF boards, HDF boards, drywall, Rigips- or gypsum board, or composite panels or boards or strips may consist of these materials. It is advantageous to use such materials and components thereof, which meet the structural requirements or wishes, which in particular environmental aspects are fair, and / or are correspondingly low in large quantities available.
  • the layers 4 to 6 of solid wood from solid wood boards 7 are constructed, which without restrictions, for example, rods or beams can be used to build the layers.
  • the linguistic simplification is used below as representative of any elongated or plate-like design of boards, even if bars and beams or plates are also suitable and covered by the present disclosure.
  • the solid wood boards 7 of the first layer 4 and the second layer 5 are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and the solid wood boards 7 of the second layer 5 and the third layer 6 are parallel.
  • the solid wood boards of two adjacent solid wood layers may be unequal in alignment with each other, as with some, such as two or three or four layers of parallel-aligned but in particular partially overlapping solid wood boards and / or or rods can be combined.
  • Fig. 1 to 7 easily recognizable show the respectively existing layers 4 to 6 (in the Fig. 1 ) glue-free and connected to each other by means of engagement elements 8, which is in the present first embodiment by dowels 9 made of wood. More precisely, the dowels 9 are made of hardwood, while the solid wood layers 4 to 6 are made of softer wood than that of the dowels 9. Furthermore, in the Fig. 1 good to see that the layers 4 to 6 are connected in pairs by means of dowels 9. The exact use of the dowels 9 is in the Fig. 1 to 8 for illustrative reasons not visible in detail, but can easily be described later in more detail Fig. 9a to e and 10a to s be removed.
  • each layer in which the dowels 9 engage mating dowel receiving holes 10, ie with a corresponding diameter and of sufficient depth or throughout the entire layer see Fig. 9a to e and 10a to s ).
  • the layers can also be firmly connected to other engagement means 8, such as nails, screws, staples and the like, or with glue, curing pastes and the like, on the one hand according to stability requirements and customer wishes and on the other hand according to the materials the layers can be optimally determined.
  • While the dowels 9 provide for the cohesion of two or more layers with each other, form-fitting configurations 11, for example, on the longitudinal sides 12 of the solid wood boards 7 promote the cohesion of the solid wood boards 7 within individual layers.
  • form-fitting configurations 11 on the longitudinal sides 12 of adjacent solid wood boards 7 are designed so that they fit together, which is easy to understand and therefore need not be further explained.
  • first layer 4 and the second layer 5 are considered closer.
  • functional recesses 15 in the form of channel or groove-like recesses 16 are included, whose depth is less than the thickness of the second layer 5.
  • Two of the channel or groove-like recesses 16 run parallel near opposite edges of the second layer 5, and further channel-like recesses 16 are perpendicular to the former therebetween, as in a window screen, so that a channel system 17 is formed, which is also one only functional recess 15 can be considered.
  • the functional recess 15 or the functional recesses 15 thus lie within the second layer 5 such that it is or are spaced from the flat outer side 2 of the finished component 1 formed by the first layer 4.
  • Such a channel system or the like 17 may also be provided in the second layer 5 side facing the first layer 4 in particular matching the channel system in the second layer, for example, to obtain a larger volume of the through the entire cutouts.
  • a receiving space e.g. be realized for a fire water supply for an active fire protection, which will be discussed in more detail later.
  • the third layer 6 is used in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 only the reinforcement and the stability of the finished component 1.
  • any functional recess 15 is basically to be distinguished from the possibly as in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1
  • a dowel receiving bore 10 may also be spaced from a flat outside of the finished component 1 and be considered as a recess that performs a function, but this function is the connection function together with the dowels 9 for the layers.
  • the functional recesses 15 are those recesses which are not intended or serve for a connection function, that is to say are, so to speak, connection-function-free or connection-irrelevant recesses.
  • connection function-freeêtsaus principle ausification 15 constitute the gist of the present invention.
  • the functional recesses 15 also essentially and fundamentally differ from window and door openings in prefabricated components 1, in that the functional recesses 15 are just spaced from a flat outside of the prefabricated component 1, which is in principle not true for window and door openings in prefabricated components 1, because window and door openings must indeed be continuous over the entire thickness of the prefabricated components 1.
  • the prefabricated building element 1 has an open, cage-like structure with the channel system 17, which is advantageously accommodated of functional devices and / or elements, such as one or more conduits 18 (see Fig. 2 ) suitable is.
  • Both the at least one functional recess and the functional devices and / or elements to be accommodated therein are realized directly in the production of the prefabricated component 1, so that reworking of the prefabricated component 1 after its use during construction is saved.
  • the processing already in the manufacture of the finished component 1 is simpler and more efficient and can be done under weather-independent conditions and using optimal and powerful machines and equipment, which is not everything on construction sites.
  • the prefabricated prefabricated components 1 can also be further treated as a unit before they are used for construction.
  • flawless surfaces of the outer sides 2 and 3 are obtained, so that the prefabricated components 1 for buildings provide inner and outer surfaces that have no unwanted openings, shocks or edges.
  • the functional recesses 15 in the first embodiment according to the Fig. 1 are the basis of an integrated fire protection system, which for the sake of clarity in the Fig. 1 is not shown further, but the following description is so clear and easy to understand that a graphical representation for the skilled person to the understanding is unnecessary.
  • active water is released in the channel system 17.
  • the heat of evaporation of the released amount of water and the resulting water vapor actively counteract the fire.
  • the leaked water can escape, for example, by the diffusion-open structure of the finished component 1 in a relatively short time back to the outside.
  • the channel system 17 thus forms directly extinguishing and / or Feuerdämmkanäle, in the same way also Löschstoffvorratsing whilst (not shown, but exemplified above as a flat cutout in the second layer 5 side facing the first layer 4 listed) may be provided.
  • Such an active fire fighting can be activated in a conventional manner by means of smoke or fire sensors and in particular electronic valve controls, all of which together with the associated lines can also be accommodated in functional recesses 15 according to the invention.
  • 15 fire protection functions can also be implemented passively in the prefabricated building element 1 according to the invention thanks to the at least one functional recess.
  • passive fire protection elements for walls, ceilings, roof
  • passive fire protection elements for automatic fire protection can also be integrated within the three-dimensional solid wood structure.
  • These passive fire protection elements are housed eg as plastic pipes with a defined melting temperature in each case in a function recess 15 and are activated, for example by a melting process at significantly high temperatures (for example, from about 60 ° C), so that they release a stored amount of water in them, the drenched in adjacent layers of wood and additionally inhibit or prevent inflammation.
  • each solution can be housed in another layer of the prefabricated component 1, or both implementations can be housed within the same layer in corresponding function recesses 15. It is particularly advantageous in the use of fire protection elements that act both passive and active, that even in case of failure or failure of the active fire fighting ultimately passive fire protection is automatically effective without further effort.
  • -hemmungs- or -behanmpfungsfunktion that can be realized by means of at least one functional recess 15, other functions can be implemented, such as thermal insulation, heat storage, improved statics, lighting, daylighting, building biology, energy-saving and comfort functions , improved soundproofing. Still other important, desirable and useful as well as just by means offorensicsaus traditions 15 realizable functions in prefabricated components 1 are already indicated above in the introduction, which will be referred to again at this point.
  • noise protection against external noise i. from the environment, can be achieved by suitable designs of
  • the functional recess 15 in the second layer has a helical course in this second exemplary embodiment and accommodates a pipe 18 with heat exchanger fluid.
  • the active elements may be hot water pipes or even electrical resistance heating elements.
  • Such clay-filled functional recesses 15 are in the second embodiment according to the Fig.
  • the active elements may be, for example, cold water pipes 18.
  • a clay-like mass pre-dried before delivery can be used in the non-functional function recesses 15 of the prefabricated component 1, which may extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated components 1.
  • the active elements for wall surface heating and cooling are designed so that both functions are alternatively possible. The heating and the cooling function can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner by the same structural designs as a function of the water temperature in said tubes 18, which represents a further particular advantage.
  • Clay can have different functions: increased heat storage (factor 2-4 over solid wood), moisture regulation and odor retention are just a few functions.
  • clay represents interesting and highly variable design options for building design and as a contrast to the strict wood structure.
  • Clay is also an ideal material for embedding components for wall surface heating or cooling.
  • an interior of a building facing inside of the prefabricated building elements 1 contain at least one function recess, which may additionally comprise or contain a cage-like structure, wherein the cage-like structure contains cavities, the can be filled with the clay-like or -basierenden material, or which cage-like structure can serve as a reinforcement for the clay-like or -basierende mass, which then forms a layer, as it were.
  • the functional recesses 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can also be used and designed accordingly to accommodate active thermal protection for windows and exterior doors functional elements that can be activated at night or in phases of non-use of the building.
  • active burglary protection for windows and exterior doors can be realized.
  • metallic protective elements bars, grates, etc.
  • darkening of windows corresponding movable covers can be accommodated in
  • the prefabricated component 1 with the at least one functional recess 15 Due to the design of the prefabricated component 1 with the at least one functional recess 15, it is also advantageously possible to realize the installation of water, sewage, heating and other liquid-carrying lines in an optimally protected and isolated environment, for example, optimal for a Antifreeze and / or provide thermal insulation.
  • the Fig. 3 3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a third exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component 1 with functional recesses 15.
  • the prefabricated component 1 contains five layers 4, 5, 6, 19 and 20.
  • the second layer 5 contains as functional recesses 15 parallel ventilation channels 21, and the third layer 6 contains as function recesses 15 with the ventilation channels 21 of the second layer 5 aligned, congruent ventilation ducts 22. While the ventilation ducts 21 of the second layer 5 occupy the entire thickness of the second layer 5, the ventilation ducts 22 are only trough-like over part of the Thickness of the third layer 6 is formed.
  • the ventilation channels 22 of the third layer 6 are in communication with passages 23 to the fourth layer 19, in which as a further functional recess 15, a connecting channel 24 is milled like a groove, which connect all the ventilation channels 22 of the third layer 6 together.
  • the connecting channel 24 in the fourth layer 19 terminates in a passage 23 which is aligned with a passage 23 in the fifth layer 20 to provide access from the outside 3 of the finished component 1 to the ventilation channels 21 and 22.
  • In the first layer 4 are now slot-like passages 23 to the outside 2 of the finished component 1 in communication and aligned with the ventilation channels 21 in the second layer 5.
  • ventilation or air guiding and connecting channels 21, 22, 24 are provided as function recesses 15 and inlet and outlet openings in the form of passages 23, further preferably with control means, e.g. Flaps, panels or wings are provided.
  • channels can also be provided within the three-dimensional solid wood structure from the component inside to the building exterior, which can be used in particular by means of control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, adjustable and / or adjustable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation Furthermore, preferably electrical and / or mechanical actuators are provided, which are manually and / or automatically actuated.
  • the control devices such as flaps, panels or wings, may be metal, plastic, glass, stone or wood or artificial substitutes therefor or combinations thereof.
  • a function of a decentralized, adjustable and / or controllable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation can be realized through the channels from the component inside to the component outside, wherein, for example, a heat exchanger effect for heat recovery from the exhaust air in winter or for pre-cooling of the fresh air in summer
  • a heat exchanger effect for heat recovery from the exhaust air in winter or for pre-cooling of the fresh air in summer For example, realized over a temporal change of the air flow in the same channels or constant air flows in separate running channels countercurrent principle.
  • the active air movement is realized for example via radial or axial fans.
  • Both the collection of used room air as The introduction of fresh air can be realized via a system of many smaller, distributed over the wall surface inlet and outlet ports, whereby disturbing effects of train are largely eliminated.
  • a thermal insulation can also be realized easily, efficiently and advantageously by means of the functional recesses 15 according to the invention, as is the case with reference to the fourth embodiment according to FIG Fig. 4 is clarified. Components and functions are described below only insofar as they are not already among the Fig. 1, 2 and / or 3 have been described, to which reference is now made in full.
  • the functional recess (s) 15 within the three-dimensional solid wood structure, an increased value of thermal insulation can be realized by creating a cage-like structure with very large air chambers enclosed therein by means of the functional recess (s) 15.
  • the resulting lightweight construction not only has thermally advantageous properties, but is also suitable for other applications in which a lower density of the elements is desirable.
  • a filling of the function recess (s) 15 with wood shavings is possible.
  • the corresponding function recesses 15 are in the Fig. 4 in the second layer 5 as wide channels 25 included. It is also possible to create a special thermal wall feeling by designing and using the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 for creating open and particularly insulating structures. This effect can also be used in sauna construction.
  • Thesaitsausnaturalened 15 of the finished component 1 can also serve to accommodate passive elements for sound insulation (structure-borne sound, impact sound), as with the five-layer structure of the finished component 1 of the fifth embodiment according to the Fig. 5 is clarified.
  • the second layer 5 contains in the parallel over the entire thickness of the second layer 5 extending functional recesses 15 wood fiber plates 26.
  • wide channels 25 are included, which are filled with sand.
  • the first layer 4 of the prefabricated component 1 are sound-receiving slots 27, which extend in this fifth embodiment over the entire thickness of the first layer 4.
  • fillings with loosely poured loam powder, wood chips or wood chips, with expanded clay or mineralized cellulose (isoflock) or the like or Combinations possible are possible.
  • Each of these fillings in the interior of the finished component 1 provides a contribution to the attenuation of structure-borne noise.
  • a particularly high sound insulation is achieved if in several layers of the finished component different, such as differently dense filling materials are used in combination, such as a layer of sand combined with a layer of wood soft fiber material. This design is particularly advantageous for interior walls, walls between inhabited units and for false ceilings.
  • the sound-absorbing slots 27 in the first layer 4 represent passive elements for the purpose of sound refraction.
  • the finished component 1 of the sixth in the Fig. 6 illustrated exemplary embodiment includes a lighting function, which is realized by means ofgnacsausappel12.
  • a lighting function which is realized by means ofgnacsausappel12.
  • LED lighting or lighting units 28 are housed, these function recesses 15 over the entire extent of the finished component 1 (as in the right part of the second layer 5 of Fig. 6 ) or only over part of such an extent (as in the left part of the second layer 5 of FIG Fig. 6 ).
  • the extensions of the functional recesses 15 over only a part of the second layer 5 can be linear or punctiform or circular.
  • cable ducts for supply and / or control cables and receiving openings for lighting means and / or outlet openings for light are designed as function recesses 15.
  • An LED room lighting can be realized with a very high proportion of indirect light, taking advantage of the fact that LED lights have an extremely long life (up to 200,000 hours) and in the smaller designs with not too high power (less than 1 watt Rated power) do not require additional active cooling and release only a small amount of heat loss to the environment.
  • an active adjustability of direct or indirect illumination may be provided by actively changing the placement or emission direction or emitting surface of the lighting devices or means, such as LEDs, via a mechanism within the finished device during use.
  • thethesesaus traditions 15 of the finished component 1 can also serve for wiring purposes between the outer sides 2 and 3 of the finished component 1, for example, to realize a complete solar-assisted and advantageously network-independent lighting system.
  • the prefabricated component 1 on the outer surface (after installation of the prefabricated component 1) of the prefabricated component 1 photovoltaic facade panels (not shown) and on or in (see above) of the inner surface (after the installation of the prefabricated component 1) of the finished component 1 LED illuminant 28 is mounted , which can be done with the prefabrication of the finished component 1 already.
  • the connecting lines (not shown), any controller (not shown) and / or even suitable storage units (not shown) are accommodated in the at least one functional recess 15.
  • Yet another embodiment of the finished component by the at least one functional recess 15 is that in the latter power and / or control lines are housed in particular for multimedia and communication, especially in a general network and later desired and / or changeable circuit.
  • media elements screens, loudspeaker systems, etc.
  • a perfect look without disturbing cables or other "flying" components is possible in a flexible way.
  • an integrated, wireless or cable-based sensor system for implementing an (electrically) intelligent house temperature measurement and control, room humidity measurement, fire detection, light measurement and control, etc.
  • a further possibility of designing and using the functional recesses of the prefabricated component is to integrate special components (not shown) for active daylight introduction into the prefabricated component 1 in or by means of the functional recesses, whereby a large amount of light is directed into a building constructed from such prefabricated components 1 can, and advantageously still only a slight heat loss may occur in the outer shell.
  • special components not shown
  • the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can be provided that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by combining with transparent or translucent elements a controlled active daylight is created in the interior of the building, which are not designed as a classic window and the light inlet combine with a very low heat loss.
  • the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can also be designed to accommodate at least one functional element for subsequent on-site assembly.
  • Mounting bracket made of hardwood or prefabricated threads for solid wood mounting elements in the prefabrication of the finished component are provided and housed, such as plug-in or extendable fasteners.
  • plug-in or extendable fasteners e.g., a plug-in or extendable fasteners.
  • the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated building element 1 can be designed and used to attach to the surface and inside of the prefabricated building element 1, e.g. a timber component, integrated mounting and fastening systems for assemblies, including hanging assemblies to realize.
  • the design of the prefabricated component 1 with the at least one functional recess 15 and preferably a plurality of such functional recesses 15 allows, depending on customer requirements or requirements, several of the above-described functions in the same prefabricated component 1 can be combined, depending on Function spatially separated the embodiments in various such functional recesses 15 or spatially combined in common such function recesses 15 are realized, as shown by the representation of the seventh embodiment according to the Fig. 7 is clarified.
  • the individual functions result from the synopsis of the first to sixth embodiments, so that reference is made to the respective descriptions of the previous embodiments with reference to the reference numerals in order to avoid mere repetition.
  • each functional recess 15 can be widened within the layer in which it is arranged or in the layer adjoining it and / or connect to a passage 23 to another layer or an outer side and communicate with such a passage stand.
  • functional recesses in adjacent layers can be aligned and / or combined with each other, wherein, in particular, three or more layers can also have aligned and combined functional recesses.
  • a prefabricated component 1 basically looks in the finished state, is in the Fig. 8 to see in which the same reference numerals as in the previously discussed figures relate to the same parts and components, so that a re-entering it is omitted.
  • the Fig. 9a to e each show in a schematic sectional view of further embodiments of prefabricated components 1.
  • the prefabricated component 1 in the Fig. 9a from five layers, in the Fig. 9b from seven layers, in the Fig. 9c from nine layers, in the Fig. 9d from eleven layers and in the Fig. 9e from 13 layers that can have different thicknesses.
  • Evident are also good the tongue and groove configurations 14 in the solid wood boards. 7
  • the Fig. 10a to b each show in a schematic and sectional partial view still further embodiments of prefabricated components 1.
  • the dowels 9 always connect two layers and in which the length of the dowel 9 is exactly equal to the thickness of two layers.
  • the dowels 9 In the Fig. 10b an embodiment is shown in which the dowels 9 always connect three layers, in which the length of the dowels 9 is longer than the thickness of two layers and shorter than the thickness of three layers, and in which the insertion ends of the dowels used inside Layer are spaced from the outside thereof.
  • the non-inventive example according to the Fig. 10c should only clarify that dowels 9 different lengths are combined.
  • the solid wood boards 7 are in the embodiments according to the Fig. 10a to c fixed again within the layers by means of tongue and groove configurations 14.
  • the Fig. 11a to r show in a schematic side and top view ( Fig. 11a and b ) as well as in schematic sectional views ( Fig. 11c to r ) and in yet another schematic side view ( Fig. 11s ) Exemplary Embodiments for Dowels 9.
  • the dowels 9 have conical sections or beads in the respective embodiments shown, whereby a screw thread-like configuration is possible ( Fig. 11s ), which allows both a screwing and a depression of the anchor 9 in a dowel receiving bore 10.
  • the designs are chosen, for example, barb-like, that an automatic detachment of a dowel 9 is avoided from its dowel receiving bore 10 by a possible positive connection between the dowel 9 and the wall of the dowel receiving bore 10 is achieved.
  • other dowel designs may be advantageous.
  • the Fig. 12 schematically shows in a diagram a basic Aus spaihrungsbeispiel for a manufacturing method of an exemplary prefabricated component.
  • the production method according to the invention for a prefabricated component 1 with two flat outer sides and a first and a second layer, which are firmly connected to each other provides that in the first layer at least one functional recess, which is at least spaced from one of the two flat outer sides and free is of a connection function between the two layers, on which the other of the layers facing side is introduced later, before the first layer with the second, the at least one function recess overlapping layer is firmly connected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Élément préfabriqué (1) comportant deux faces extérieures (2, 3) planes ainsi que des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) qui sont reliées entre elles de manière fixe, dans lequel les couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) sont des couches en bois massif constituées de planches en bois massif (7) et/ou de barres en bois massif,
    au moins une des couches (5) présente sur le côté tourné vers une autre des couches (4) au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15) qui est situé à écart d'au moins une des deux faces extérieures (2) planes et est exempt d'une fonction de liaison entre les deux couches (4, 5),
    les couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) sont reliées sans colle au moyen de chevilles (9) en bois dur et le bois des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) est plus tendre que le bois des chevilles (9), les chevilles (9) ont une longueur axiale qui est plus courte que l'épaisseur totale des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) dans laquelle les chevilles (9) ont prise,
    l'élément préfabriqué (1) est assemblé couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) par couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), et dans au moins deux et au maximum dans toutes les couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), les planches en bois massif (7) et/ou les barres en bois massif sont reliées entre elles en fermant de manière étanche à l'intérieur de chaque couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) par l'intermédiaire de profils appropriés (conception par adhérence de forme 11), comme par exemple des profils à rainure et languette (14) ou des aboutages (13), de sorte que la fonction d'étanchéité au vent est donnée perpendiculairement aux couches,
    caractérisé en ce
    que
    - l'élément préfabriqué (1) comprend au moins trois couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) et en ce que les couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) sont reliées par paires au moyen de chevilles (9),
    ou
    - en ce que l'élément préfabriqué (1) comprend au moins quatre couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) et en ce que les chevilles (9) relient toujours exactement trois couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) et en ce que la longueur axiale des chevilles (9) est plus longue que l'épaisseur de deux couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) et plus courte que l'épaisseur de trois couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20).
  2. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que plusieurs évidements fonctionnels (15) sont compris, plusieurs tels évidements (15) pouvant être disposés à l'intérieur de la même couche (5, 6, 19) et/ou à l'intérieur de différentes couches (5, 6, 19).
  3. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'évidement fonctionnel (15) est conçu à la façon d'un canal, d'un passage ou d'un réservoir.
  4. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'évidement fonctionnel (15) est élargi dans la couche (4, 5) dans laquelle il est lui-même disposé ou dans la couche (4, 5) à laquelle il est adjacent et/ou se raccorde à un passage (23) vers une couche (6) supplémentaire ou à une face extérieure (2, 3) et communique avec un tel passage (23).
  5. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les évidements fonctionnels (15) dans des couches voisines (4, 5 ; 5, 6 ; 6, 19) sont orientés entre eux et/ou sont combinés entre eux.
  6. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les planches en bois massif (7) et/ou les barres en bois massif de deux couches voisines en bois massif (7) sont orientées de manière non identique les unes par rapport aux autres, ce qui peut être également combiné avec certaines, comme par exemple deux ou trois ou quatre couches avec des planches en bois massif (7) et/ou des barres en bois massif orientées parallèlement mais se chevauchant partiellement en ce qui concerne les couches.
  7. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    l'au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15) est conçu pour au moins une des fonctions suivantes
    - étanchéité au vent
    - étanchéité à l'air sur le côté intérieur du mur extérieur
    - isolation des bruits aériens, notamment par étanchéité à l'air
    - ventilation et aération actives (avec récupération thermique ou refroidissement préalable)
    - protection active et/ou passive contre l'incendie
    - insonorisation contre les bruits d'impact et isolation phonique
    - amélioration de la qualité de l'air ambiant
    - régulation de l'humidité de l'air ambiant
    - isolation thermique
    - stockage de la chaleur
    - éclairage électrique indirect
    - éclairage diurne
    - isolation thermique pour ouvertures de fenêtre
    - protection antivol
    - chauffage mural par rayonnement dans la surface et/ou refroidissement par rayonnement dans la surface avec eau de chauffage et/ou eau de refroidissement, de préférence dans au moins une conduite dans l'au moins un évidement fonctionnel
    - isolation thermique
    - stockage de la chaleur
    - inhibition au feu
    - statique
    - éclairage
    - introduction de la lumière naturelle
    - fonctions relatives à la biologie du bâtiment
    - fonctions relative à l'économie d'énergie
    - fonctions de confort
    - insonorisation (isolation phonique, isolation des bruits, isolation des bruits ambiants).
  8. Élément préfabriqué (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les chevilles (9) présentent une structure de surface et/ou une conception asymétrique, notamment pour une fonction de retenue.
  9. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément préfabriqué (1) comportant deux faces extérieures (2,3) planes ainsi que des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) qui sont reliées entre elles de manière fixe, dans lequel
    - l'élément préfabriqué (1) est assemblé couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) par couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), et dans au moins deux et au maximum dans toutes les couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), les planches en bois massif (7) et/ou les barres en bois massif sont reliées entre elles en fermant de manière étanche à l'intérieur de chaque couche (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) par l'intermédiaire de profils appropriés (conception par adhérence de forme 11), comme par exemple des profils à rainure et languette (14) ou des aboutages (13), de sorte que la fonction d'étanchéité au vent est donnée perpendiculairement aux couches,
    - au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15) est placé dans une couche, avant la pose par-dessus de la couche suivante, lequel est situé avec écart au moins de l'une des deux faces extérieures (2) planes et est exempt d'une fonction de liaison entre les deux couches (4, 5), et dans lequel
    - l'élément préfabriqué (1) comprend au moins trois couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20), et les couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) sont reliées par paires sans colle au moyen de chevilles (9) en bois dur, ou dans lequel l'élément préfabriqué (1) comprend au moins trois couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20), et dans lequel les couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) sont reliées par paires au moyen de chevilles (9) ou dans lequel l'élément préfabriqué (1) comprend au moins quatre couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) et dans lequel toujours exactement trois couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) sont reliées par des chevilles (9) et la longueur axiale des chevilles (9) est plus longue que l'épaisseur de deux couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) et plus courte que l'épaisseur de trois couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), et
    - dans lequel le bois des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) est plus tendre que le bois des chevilles (9), et les chevilles (9) ont une longueur axiale qui est plus courte que l'épaisseur totale des couches (4, 5, 6 ; 19, 20) dans laquelle les chevilles (9) ont prise.
  10. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'une deuxième, une troisième, une quatrième, etc., couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) sont ajoutées et en ce qu'elles sont munies en commun d'au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15) avant qu'une couche supplémentaire (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) recouvrant l'au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15) ne soit ajoutée.
  11. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'avant ou après l'ajout de la couche supplémentaire (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) recouvrant l'au moins un évidement fonctionnel (15), notamment la première et la deuxième couches, ou la première, la deuxième et la troisième couches, ou la première et la deuxième couches et ensuite celles-ci avec la troisième couche, ou la première, la deuxième, la troisième et la quatrième couches, ou la première, la deuxième et la troisième couches et ensuite celles-ci avec la quatrième couche sont reliées temporairement pour le traitement ou sont déjà reliées en étant fixées en position ou sont reliées définitivement de manière fixe, etc.
  12. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la deuxième couche en bois massif constituée de planches en bois massif et/ou de barres en bois massif est assemblée sur la première couche en bois massif constituée de planches en bois massif et/ou de barres en bois massif de manière à ce que les planches en bois massif et/ou les barres en bois massif des couches voisines en bois massif soient orientées de manière non identique les unes par rapport aux autres et que finalement la première et la deuxième couches en bois massif (4, 5) soient reliées entre elles de manière fixe et durable.
  13. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'avant la liaison fixe de la première et de la deuxième couches en bois massif (4, 5), un assemblage d'une troisième couche en bois massif (6) est encore réalisé sur la deuxième couche en bois massif (5) et, à savoir de manière préférée de la même façon que la deuxième couche en bois massif (5) a été assemblée sur la première couche en bois massif (4), et en ce que des couches supplémentaires en bois massif sont éventuellement assemblées de manière correspondante, et en ce qu'ensuite toutes les couches en bois massif empilées de cette manière sont fixées temporairement les unes par rapport aux autres et sont ainsi ensuite reliées de manière fixe et durable, des évidements fonctionnels (15), avant l'assemblage de la couche respectivement suivante en bois massif, étant façonnés dans la couche en bois massif assemblée au préalable, un tel évidement fonctionnel (15) pouvant notamment s'étendre sans restriction également sur toute l'épaisseur d'une couche en bois massif.
  14. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce
    que des trous (10) sont appliqués, depuis la couche supérieure, dans les couches (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) à relier entre elles, le cas échéant après la fixation temporaire les unes par rapport aux autres et, en outre, le cas échéant, des couches en bois massif constituées de planches en bois massif et/ou de barres en bois massif, lesquels trous arrivent au moins jusque dans la couche inférieure dans laquelle les chevilles (9) sont à poser, et en ce qu'ensuite les chevilles (19) sont insérées dans les trous (10), pressées, enfoncées ou injectées.
  15. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la longueur axiale des chevilles est plus courte que l'épaisseur des couches dans lesquelles la cheville a prise.
EP10005645.6A 2010-05-31 2010-05-31 Eléments préfabriqués et leur procédé de fabrication Active EP2390433B1 (fr)

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WO2020163235A2 (fr) * 2019-02-04 2020-08-13 Cetres Holdings, Llc Panneaux de bois stratifiés croisés
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