EP2343482A1 - Heating device equipped with fuel regulation - Google Patents

Heating device equipped with fuel regulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2343482A1
EP2343482A1 EP10150358A EP10150358A EP2343482A1 EP 2343482 A1 EP2343482 A1 EP 2343482A1 EP 10150358 A EP10150358 A EP 10150358A EP 10150358 A EP10150358 A EP 10150358A EP 2343482 A1 EP2343482 A1 EP 2343482A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating apparatus
valves
duct
closed
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10150358A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rudy Cyris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KAJUFRAP
Original Assignee
Thermic Investments SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thermic Investments SA filed Critical Thermic Investments SA
Priority to EP10150358A priority Critical patent/EP2343482A1/en
Priority to ES10794945.5T priority patent/ES2535807T3/en
Priority to CA2785902A priority patent/CA2785902A1/en
Priority to US13/519,743 priority patent/US9074774B2/en
Priority to JP2012547472A priority patent/JP5716042B2/en
Priority to EP10794945.5A priority patent/EP2521882B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/069279 priority patent/WO2011082936A1/en
Publication of EP2343482A1 publication Critical patent/EP2343482A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/005—Flue-gas ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/1895—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers  flue-gas control dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/04—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers in stacks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating apparatus, more particularly to a solid fuel domestic heating appliance, such as wood or coal, provided with a regulation that optimizes combustion and thereby maximizes the efficiency of the appliance.
  • a wood or coal heater can operate in several gaits.
  • a maximum pace corresponding for example to P max
  • an intermediate or average pace corresponding to P max / 2
  • a minimum pace corresponding to P max / 4
  • a pace of idling corresponding to P max / 8.
  • P max is the maximum power of the appliance which, for a wood stove, is typically between 5 and 15 kW. This classification is only given by way of example to allow the following illustration of the invention and to give orders of magnitude. It goes without saying that other intermediate steps and other power criteria are possible.
  • the so-called "idle" pace for a wood stove, is typically intended for night use. At bedtime, the user reloads the stove and sets the primary air valve on the minimum position. Upon awakening, the user reloads the stove into logs and opens the flapper up to fire.
  • the losses q 1 are the highest and therefore the minimum efficiency, possibly lower than the nominal efficiency of the device, which is determined under very specific conditions.
  • the smoke temperature is the lowest and the highest efficiency, but care must be taken to stay above the dew point of the fumes (60-70 ° C), otherwise condensation occurs with accumulation of soot.
  • the technical problem to be solved, in order to optimize the performance of the apparatus independently of the pace chosen, preferably automatically, is to reduce in a controlled manner the temperature of the smoke or combustion gases, especially at high speeds.
  • Heat recovery wood stoves are also known such that the evacuation of fumes from the heating body takes place along a maximized path, by a suitable design of the evacuation duct, possibly coupled with a sheath of the type convector (see for example document BE 903 620 A ).
  • the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the combustion for each heating step.
  • the invention also aims to provide security to prevent tarring in the flues, which could lead to a build-up of soot and possibly a chimney fire.
  • the invention also aims to optimize combustion irrespective of the type or the height of the chimney, as well as in the case of variable atmospheric conditions.
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view in section, right and back, of an exemplary embodiment of the regulated heating apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the figure 2 represents a right and sectional view of the device of the figure 1 .
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a perspective view of the back of the camera the figure 1 .
  • the figure 4 schematically represents a view from the right and in section of the apparatus of the figure 1 , with the smoke path shown at maximum speed.
  • the principle implemented in the invention is to reduce the smoke temperature precisely by extending the path traveled by the fumes between the combustion chamber and the entry into the chimney. Indeed, this elongation of path traveled allows greater expansion of gas and / or better heat exchange with the walls, so the cooling of fumes. According to the invention, it is desired to constantly adapt the path traveled by the fumes at different speeds of the heater, so as to optimize the performance of it, regardless of the pace adopted.
  • a heating device as shown on the figures 1 and 2 , in which the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a double wall 2A which can communicate with the combustion chamber by means of a plurality of valves, for example at least four in number of valves 11, 12, 13, 14 located at different heights h1, h2, h3 and h4, such as h1>h2>h3> h4.
  • a damper system or damper suitable for controlling the draft of a heater may be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the invention is advantageously implemented automatically by means of an open or closed loop regulation, comprising a temperature sensor (7) located in the upper part of the chimney (8, figure 3 ) and an actuator (not shown) which opens or closes the various valves above according to the value measured for the flue gas temperatures and the set temperature.
  • a temperature sensor (7) located in the upper part of the chimney (8, figure 3 ) and an actuator (not shown) which opens or closes the various valves above according to the value measured for the flue gas temperatures and the set temperature.
  • Each valve is secured to a small motor that is controlled by wire connection or radio frequency.
  • the figure 4 shows the path traveled by the fumes in the case of the maximum pace (valve 11 open).
  • the fumes escape to the atmosphere by backward passage 4 or above 4A (towards the chimney).
  • the "labyrinth" path of the fumes can be obtained by any simple means of construction known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of an "L” folded sheet revealing an orifice 2B in the lower part. stove.
  • valve 13 (14, etc.) will be open (valves 11, 12 closed) to further reduce the distance traveled by the fumes and increase the smoke temperature, and so on. If that's not enough, a direct draft damper 5 directly admitting the flue gases into the chimney, which is normally closed at other speeds, will be open at the last end, away from the dew point.
  • the "double wall" of the apparatus according to the present invention becomes a triple wall, which exchanges heat with the heating channel of the incoming air, which is also heated by the combustion chamber.
  • This sandwiching of the heating channel between two hot walls makes it possible to increase in this case the inlet temperature of the air preheated in the combustion chamber and to reduce the losses q 2 , because the combustion is improved when it is powered by preheated air.
  • the losses q 1 can also increase, which must be readjusted by means of the regulation according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus has a double wall provided with a controlled communication valves (11-14) located at different heights in a vertical section. Regulating units select an open or closed position for each valve according to smoke temperature measured by a temperature sensor (7) located at level of a smoke evacuation conduit (6) to adjust length of a smoke passing path (3) to minimize the smoke temperature while remaining above dew point of smokes. An independent claim is also included for a method for regulating a solid fuel heating apparatus.

Description

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareil de chauffage, plus particulièrement un appareil de chauffage domestique à combustible solide, tel que bois ou charbon, muni d'une régulation permettant d'optimiser la combustion et partant de maximiser le rendement de l'appareil.The present invention relates to a heating apparatus, more particularly to a solid fuel domestic heating appliance, such as wood or coal, provided with a regulation that optimizes combustion and thereby maximizes the efficiency of the appliance.

Arrière-plan technologique et problème technique à résoudreTechnological background and technical problem to be solved

Traditionnellement un appareil de chauffage à bois ou charbon peut fonctionner selon plusieurs allures. Typiquement, on a par exemple une allure maximum, correspondant par exemple à Pmax, une allure intermédiaire ou moyenne, correspondant à Pmax/2, une allure minimum, correspondant à Pmax/4 et une allure de ralenti, correspondant à Pmax/8. Pmax est la puissance maximale de l'appareil qui, pour un poêle à bois, est typiquement comprise entre 5 et 15 kW. Cette classification est uniquement donnée à titre d'exemple pour permettre l'illustration qui va suivre de l'invention et pour donner des ordres de grandeur. Il va de soi que d'autres allures intermédiaires et d'autres critères de puissance sont possibles. L'allure dite « ralenti », pour un poêle à bois, est typiquement destinée à un usage nocturne. Au coucher, l'utilisateur recharge le poêle en bûches et règle le clapet d'air primaire sur la position minimum. Au réveil, l'utilisateur recharge le poêle en bûches et ouvre le clapet au maximum pour faire reprendre le feu.Traditionally a wood or coal heater can operate in several gaits. Typically, there is for example a maximum pace, corresponding for example to P max , an intermediate or average pace, corresponding to P max / 2, a minimum pace corresponding to P max / 4 and a pace of idling, corresponding to P max / 8. P max is the maximum power of the appliance which, for a wood stove, is typically between 5 and 15 kW. This classification is only given by way of example to allow the following illustration of the invention and to give orders of magnitude. It goes without saying that other intermediate steps and other power criteria are possible. The so-called "idle" pace, for a wood stove, is typically intended for night use. At bedtime, the user reloads the stove and sets the primary air valve on the minimum position. Upon awakening, the user reloads the stove into logs and opens the flapper up to fire.

Il est connu que le rendement η d'un appareil de chauffage, tel qu'un appareil de chauffage domestique à bois, est : η = 100 % - pertes ,

Figure imgb0001

c'est-à-dire, η = 100 % - q 1 - q 2 - q 3 ,
Figure imgb0002
où :

  • q1 = perte liée à la température des fumées (c'est-à-dire la chaleur qui s'échappe par la cheminée) ;
  • q2 = perte liée au rapport CO/CO2 (prend en compte la qualité de la combustion) et pertes NOx, CxHy (ces particules seront mesurées quand la prochaine norme européenne sera d'application, théoriquement en 2011) ; si la combustion est complète : q2 = 0 ;
  • q3 = perte dans les cendres, constante et négligeable (environ 0, 5%) .
It is known that the efficiency η of a heating appliance, such as a wood-burning domestic appliance, is: η = 100 % - losses ,
Figure imgb0001
that is to say, η = 100 % - q 1 - q 2 - q 3 ,
Figure imgb0002
or :
  • q 1 = loss due to flue gas temperature (that is, heat escaping through the chimney);
  • q 2 = loss on CO / CO 2 ratio (taking into account the quality of combustion) and losses NO x C x H y (these particles will be measured when the next European standard will apply, in theory in 2011); if the combustion is complete: q 2 = 0;
  • q 3 = loss in ashes, constant and negligible (approximately 0, 5%).

Pour optimiser le rendement, il faut donc minimiser q1 et q2, et plus particulièrement q1.To optimize the efficiency, it is necessary to minimize q 1 and q 2 , and more particularly q 1 .

A l'allure maximum, les pertes q1 sont les plus élevées et donc le rendement minimal, éventuellement inférieur au rendement nominal de l'appareil, qui est déterminé dans des conditions bien précises.At maximum speed, the losses q 1 are the highest and therefore the minimum efficiency, possibly lower than the nominal efficiency of the device, which is determined under very specific conditions.

A l'inverse, à l'allure ralenti, la température de fumée est la plus basse et le rendement le plus élevé mais il faut prendre garde à rester au-dessus du point de rosée des fumées (60-70°C), sinon la condensation se produit avec accumulation de suie.Conversely, at slow speed, the smoke temperature is the lowest and the highest efficiency, but care must be taken to stay above the dew point of the fumes (60-70 ° C), otherwise condensation occurs with accumulation of soot.

Le problème technique à résoudre, en vue d'optimiser le rendement de l'appareil indépendamment de l'allure choisie, de préférence de manière automatique, est de diminuer de manière contrôlée la température des fumées ou gaz de combustion, surtout aux allures élevées.The technical problem to be solved, in order to optimize the performance of the apparatus independently of the pace chosen, preferably automatically, is to reduce in a controlled manner the temperature of the smoke or combustion gases, especially at high speeds.

On connaît par ailleurs des poêles à bois à récupération de chaleur tels que l'évacuation des fumées à partir du corps de chauffe s'effectue selon un parcours maximisé, par une conception appropriée du conduit d'évacuation, éventuellement couplé à une gaine de type convecteur (voir par exemple document BE 903 620 A ).Heat recovery wood stoves are also known such that the evacuation of fumes from the heating body takes place along a maximized path, by a suitable design of the evacuation duct, possibly coupled with a sheath of the type convector (see for example document BE 903 620 A ).

Buts de l'inventionGoals of the invention

La présente invention vise à s'affranchir des inconvénients de l'état de la technique.The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention a pour but d'optimiser la combustion pour chaque allure de chauffage.More particularly, the object of the invention is to optimize the combustion for each heating step.

L'invention vise également à assurer une sécurité destinée à éviter tout goudronnage dans les conduits de cheminée, ce qui pourrait entraîner une accumulation de suies et éventuellement un feu de cheminée.The invention also aims to provide security to prevent tarring in the flues, which could lead to a build-up of soot and possibly a chimney fire.

L'invention vise également à optimiser la combustion quelle que soit le type ou la hauteur de cheminée, ainsi que dans le cas de conditions atmosphériques variables.The invention also aims to optimize combustion irrespective of the type or the height of the chimney, as well as in the case of variable atmospheric conditions.

Principaux éléments caractéristiques de l'inventionMain characteristic elements of the invention

Un premier objet de la présente invention se rapporte à un appareil de chauffage à combustible solide comprenant une chambre de combustion et un premier conduit d'évacuation des fumées, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de chauffage comprend :

  • une double paroi délimitant, à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion, un second conduit d'évacuation des fumées, sis sur le parcours des fumées entre la chambre de combustion et ledit premier conduit et munie, dans une section verticale, d'une pluralité de clapets de communication commandés, situés à des hauteurs respectives différentes h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., le second conduit d'évacuation des fumées étant configuré, grâce à une ouverture de la double paroi dans sa partie basse, de manière à allonger le chemin parcouru par les fumées, dans une mesure qui dépend de la sélection du clapet d'entrée ouvert dans le second conduit, les autres clapets étant fermés ;
  • des moyens de régulation configurés pour sélectionner, pour chacun desdits clapets, une position ouverte ou fermée, en fonction de la température des fumées mesurée par une sonde de température situé au niveau dudit premier conduit, de manière à ajuster la longueur du chemin parcouru par les fumées pour minimiser la température des fumées, tout en restant au-dessus de leur point de rosée.
A first object of the present invention relates to a solid fuel heater comprising a combustion chamber and a first flue gas duct, characterized in that the heater comprises:
  • a double wall delimiting, outside the combustion chamber, a second flue gas discharge duct, located on the smoke path between the combustion chamber and said first duct and provided, in a vertical section, with a plurality of controlled communication valves, at different respective heights h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., the second flue gas duct being configured, thanks to an opening of the double wall in its lower part, so as to lengthen the path traveled by the flue gases, to a degree that depends on the selection of the open inlet flap in the second flue, the other flaps being closed;
  • control means configured to select, for each of said valves, an open or closed position, as a function of the flue gas temperature measured by a temperature probe located at said first duct, so as to adjust the length of the path traveled by the fumes to minimize the temperature of the fumes, while remaining above their dew point.

Selon des exemples de modes d'exécution, l'appareil de chauffage selon l'invention comporte en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • le premier conduit d'évacuation est une cheminée verticale ou un conduit horizontal ou de départ arrière ;
  • la sonde de température est située à une certaine distance de l'extrémité de la cheminée débouchant à l'atmosphère ;
  • la sonde de température est sise à environ 30 cm au-dessous du sommet de la cheminée ;
  • la double paroi comprend, à chaque hauteur h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., deux clapets situés à proximité des deux parois latérales de la chambre de combustion ;
  • l'appareil comprend en outre un clapet de tirage direct pour l'admission des fumées dans le premier conduit ;
  • les moyens de régulation comprennent ladite sonde température, un microcontrôleur et un actionneur se présentant sous la forme d'un moteur pour l'ouverture et la fermeture de chaque clapet ;
  • la régulation est une régulation en boucle ouverte ou fermée, de préférence de type PID ;
  • un conduit de réchauffement d'air primaire ou secondaire aboutissant dans le haut de la chambre de combustion est disposé entre la chambre de combustion et le second conduit d'évacuation des fumées.
According to examples of embodiments, the heating apparatus according to the invention further comprises one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the first exhaust duct is a vertical chimney or a horizontal duct or rear departure;
  • the temperature probe is located at a distance from the end of the chimney opening to the atmosphere;
  • the temperature probe is located approximately 30 cm below the top of the chimney;
  • the double wall comprises, at each height h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., two valves located near the two side walls of the combustion chamber;
  • the apparatus further comprises a direct draw valve for the admission of fumes into the first conduit;
  • the regulating means comprise said temperature probe, a microcontroller and an actuator in the form of a motor for opening and closing each valve;
  • the regulation is an open or closed loop regulation, preferably of the PID type;
  • a primary or secondary air heating duct leading to the top of the combustion chamber is disposed between the combustion chamber and the second flue gas discharge duct.

Un second objet de l'invention concerne un procédé de régulation d'un appareil de chauffage tel que décrit ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que, en fonctionnement, lesdits moyens de régulation sont mis en oeuvre pour que :

  • à une allure maximum de l'appareil, le clapet de hauteur la plus élevée h1 est ouvert et les autres clapets fermés ;
  • à une allure intermédiaire de l'appareil, le clapet de hauteur la plus élevée h1 est fermé et au moins un clapet de hauteur inférieure h2, h3, h4, etc., est ouvert, les clapets restants étant fermés ;
  • à une allure minimum de l'appareil ou au ralenti, tous les clapets sont fermés sauf le clapet de hauteur la plus faible ou bien tous les clapets sont fermés sauf le clapet de tirage direct, admettant directement les fumées dans le premier conduit.
A second subject of the invention relates to a method of regulating a heating apparatus as described above, characterized in that, in operation, said regulation means are implemented so that:
  • at a maximum speed of the apparatus, the highest height valve h1 is open and the other valves closed;
  • at an intermediate speed of the apparatus, the highest height valve h1 is closed and at least one valve of lower height h2, h3, h4, etc., is open, the remaining valves being closed;
  • at a minimum speed of the apparatus or at idle speed, all the valves are closed except for the valve of the lowest height or all the valves are closed except the direct draft valve, admitting directly the fumes in the first conduit.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective et en coupe, de droite et de dos, d'un exemple de forme d'exécution de l'appareil de chauffage régulé selon la présente invention.The figure 1 is a perspective view in section, right and back, of an exemplary embodiment of the regulated heating apparatus according to the present invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue de droite et en coupe de l'appareil de la figure 1.The figure 2 represents a right and sectional view of the device of the figure 1 .

La figure 3 représente schématiquement une vue en perspective de dos de l'appareil de la figure 1.The figure 3 schematically represents a perspective view of the back of the camera the figure 1 .

La figure 4 représente schématiquement une vue de droite et en coupe de l'appareil de la figure 1, avec le trajet des fumées représenté en allure maximum.The figure 4 schematically represents a view from the right and in section of the apparatus of the figure 1 , with the smoke path shown at maximum speed.

Description de formes d'exécution préférées de l'inventionDescription of preferred embodiments of the invention

Le principe mis en oeuvre dans l'invention est de diminuer la température de fumée précisément en allongeant le chemin parcouru par les fumées entre la chambre de combustion et l'entrée dans la cheminée. En effet, cet allongement de chemin parcouru permet une plus grande détente des gaz et/ou un meilleur échange de chaleur avec les parois, donc le refroidissement des fumées. Selon l'invention, on souhaite adapter constamment le chemin parcouru par les fumées aux différentes allures de l'appareil de chauffage, de manière à optimiser le rendement de celui-ci, quelle que soit l'allure adoptée.The principle implemented in the invention is to reduce the smoke temperature precisely by extending the path traveled by the fumes between the combustion chamber and the entry into the chimney. Indeed, this elongation of path traveled allows greater expansion of gas and / or better heat exchange with the walls, so the cooling of fumes. According to the invention, it is desired to constantly adapt the path traveled by the fumes at different speeds of the heater, so as to optimize the performance of it, regardless of the pace adopted.

Selon l'invention, on propose pour ce faire un appareil de chauffage, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, dans lequel la chambre de combustion 1 est munie d'une double paroi 2A qui peut communiquer avec la chambre de combustion au moyens d'une pluralité de clapets, par exemple au moins au nombre de quatre clapets 11, 12, 13, 14 situés à différentes hauteurs respectives h1, h2, h3 et h4, telles que h1 > h2 > h3 > h4. Pour l'homme de métier, il est entendu que tout système de registre ou clapet convenant pour contrôler le tirage d'un appareil de chauffage peut être utilisé dans le cadre de la présente invention. L'invention est avantageusement mise en oeuvre automatiquement au moyen d'une régulation en boucle ouverte ou fermée, comprenant un capteur de température (7) situé dans la partie haute de la cheminée (8, figure 3) et un actionneur (non représenté) qui ouvre ou ferme les différents clapets précités en fonction de la valeur mesurée pour les températures des fumées et de la température de consigne. Chaque clapet est solidaire d'un petit moteur qui est commandé par liaison filaire ou par radiofréquences.According to the invention, it is proposed for this purpose a heating device, as shown on the figures 1 and 2 , in which the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a double wall 2A which can communicate with the combustion chamber by means of a plurality of valves, for example at least four in number of valves 11, 12, 13, 14 located at different heights h1, h2, h3 and h4, such as h1>h2>h3> h4. For the skilled person, it is understood that any damper system or damper suitable for controlling the draft of a heater may be used in the context of the present invention. The invention is advantageously implemented automatically by means of an open or closed loop regulation, comprising a temperature sensor (7) located in the upper part of the chimney (8, figure 3 ) and an actuator (not shown) which opens or closes the various valves above according to the value measured for the flue gas temperatures and the set temperature. Each valve is secured to a small motor that is controlled by wire connection or radio frequency.

Il convient alors d'appliquer le procédé de l'invention en examinant séparément les différentes allures.It is then appropriate to apply the method of the invention by examining separately the different paces.

Allure maximumMaximum pace

La température des fumées étant la plus élevée à cette allure, comme indiqué ci-dessus, on ouvre le clapet 11 situé à la hauteur h1 en vue de faire circuler les gaz de combustion 3 sur une distance importante, à savoir 2x+a+h (figure 3), pour pouvoir les refroidir et ainsi obtenir un meilleur rendement. Les clapets 12, 13 et 14 restent fermés (comme sur la figure 2). Il faut toutefois veiller à ne pas refroidir les fumées au-dessous du point de rosée (environ 65°C). On notera que, vu que la hauteur h des cheminées n'est pas constante, il faut prévoir le positionnement du capteur de température des fumées au sommet de la cheminée 6, par exemple à 30 cm en-deça du sommet 8. Ce positionnement du capteur permet de rendre l'invention compatible avec n'importe quelle hauteur de cheminée et de tenir compte de conditions atmosphériques variables.The flue gas temperature being the highest at this rate, as indicated above, the flap 11 located at the height h1 is opened in order to circulate the combustion gases 3 over a significant distance, namely 2x + a + h. ( figure 3 ), to be able to cool them and thus obtain a better yield. The valves 12, 13 and 14 remain closed (as on the figure 2 ). However, care must be taken not to cool the fumes below the dew point (approximately 65 ° C). It will be noted that, since the height h of the chimneys is not constant, it is necessary to provide for the positioning of the flue gas temperature sensor at the top of the chimney 6, for example at 30 cm below the vertex 8. This positioning of the This sensor makes the invention compatible with any chimney height and allows for varying atmospheric conditions.

La figure 4 montre le chemin parcouru par les fumées dans le cas de l'allure maximum (clapet 11 ouvert). Les fumées s'échappent à l'atmosphère par passage arrière 4 ou dessus 4A (vers la cheminée).The figure 4 shows the path traveled by the fumes in the case of the maximum pace (valve 11 open). The fumes escape to the atmosphere by backward passage 4 or above 4A (towards the chimney).

Le trajet en « labyrinthe » des fumées peut être obtenu par n'importe quel moyen de construction simple connu de l'homme de métier, par exemple au moyen d'une tôle pliée en « L » laissant apparaître un orifice 2B dans la partie basse du poêle.The "labyrinth" path of the fumes can be obtained by any simple means of construction known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of an "L" folded sheet revealing an orifice 2B in the lower part. stove.

Allure moyenneAverage pace

La température des fumées étant moins élevée que pour l'allure maximum, il y aura un risque de condensation si le chemin destiné au refroidissement des fumées reste le même qu'à l'allure maximum. Il faut donc raccourcir leur trajet en contrôlant l'ouverture et la fermeture des clapets précités. Concrètement, lorsque l'on passe de l'allure maximum à l'allure moyenne et que la température des fumées mesurée en haut de la cheminée se rapproche du point de rosée, une instruction est envoyée pour fermer le clapet 11 et ouvrir le clapet 12 (les clapets 13 et 14 restant fermés), ce qui diminuera la distance de refroidissement de y (c'est-à-dire en passant de 2x+a+h à 2x+a+h-y, figure 3). La température des fumées va alors augmenter jusqu'à une valeur plus éloignée du point de rosée.As the flue gas temperature is lower than the maximum, there will be a risk of condensation if the path for flue gas cooling remains the same as at maximum speed. It is necessary to shorten their path by controlling the opening and closing of the aforementioned valves. Specifically, when we go from the maximum pace to the average pace and the flue gas temperature measured at the top of the chimney approaches the dew point, an instruction is sent to close the valve 11 and open the valve 12 (the valves 13 and 14 remaining closed), which will decrease the cooling distance of y (that is to say passing from 2x + a + h to 2x + a + hy, figure 3 ). The flue gas temperature will then increase to a value further from the dew point.

Allure minimum et ralentiMinimum pace and slow motion

A ces allures, la température des fumées risquant à nouveau de s'approcher du (ou de descendre sous le) point de rosée, le clapet 13 (14, etc.) sera ouvert (clapets 11, 12 fermés) pour diminuer encore la distance parcourue par les fumées et augmenter la température de fumée, et ainsi de suite. Si cela ne suffit pas, un clapet de tirage direct 5 admettant directement les gaz de combustion dans la cheminée, qui est normalement fermé aux autres allures, sera ouvert en dernière extrémité, pour s'éloigner du point de rosée.At these speeds, the temperature of the fumes again likely to approach (or fall below) the dew point, the valve 13 (14, etc.) will be open (valves 11, 12 closed) to further reduce the distance traveled by the fumes and increase the smoke temperature, and so on. If that's not enough, a direct draft damper 5 directly admitting the flue gases into the chimney, which is normally closed at other speeds, will be open at the last end, away from the dew point.

Dans le cas d'appareils de chauffage à haut rendement avec air préchauffé, par exemple de type Woodbox® (brevet EP 1 563 228 B1 ), la « double paroi » de l'appareil selon la présente invention devient une triple paroi, qui échange de la chaleur avec le canal de réchauffement de l'air entrant, celui-ci étant également chauffé par la chambre de combustion. Cette prise en « sandwich » du canal de réchauffement entre deux parois chaudes permet d'augmenter dans ce cas la température d'entrée de l'air préchauffé dans la chambre de combustion et de diminuer les pertes q2, du fait que la combustion est améliorée quand elle est alimentée par de l'air préchauffé. Toutefois, les pertes q1 peuvent également augmenter, ce qui doit être réajusté au moyen de la régulation selon l'invention.In the case of high efficiency heating appliances with preheated air, for example of the Woodbox ® type (patent EP 1 563 228 B1 ), the "double wall" of the apparatus according to the present invention becomes a triple wall, which exchanges heat with the heating channel of the incoming air, which is also heated by the combustion chamber. This sandwiching of the heating channel between two hot walls makes it possible to increase in this case the inlet temperature of the air preheated in the combustion chamber and to reduce the losses q 2 , because the combustion is improved when it is powered by preheated air. However, the losses q 1 can also increase, which must be readjusted by means of the regulation according to the invention.

Toujours dans le cas d'appareils de type Woodbox® munis d'une taque de cuisson supérieure, on a remarqué que la double enveloppe de réchauffement supérieure constituait un élément isolant qui rendait la cuisson difficile. L'appareil selon l'invention restaure les possibilités de cuisson dans la mesure où la taque de cuisson peut être à présent en contact avec le conduit chaud d'échappement des fumées.Still in the case of Woodbox ® type appliances equipped with an upper cooking plate, it was noted that the upper double heating jacket constituted an insulating element which made cooking difficult. The apparatus according to the invention restores the cooking possibilities insofar as the cooking plate can now be in contact with the hot flue exhaust duct.

Des simulations ont montré que, pour une température d'environ 80°C en sortie de cheminée et avec un air préchauffé à 300°C, voire 350°C, on obtient, pour un poêle à bûches de bois à haut rendement à régulation de combustion selon l'invention, un rendement de 85-90% et un rapport CO/CO2 de l'ordre de 0,1%, ce qui est conforme à la plupart des normes ou écolabels en vigueur en vue d'augmenter la performance et réduire la pollution des appareils de chauffage (ex. label « Flamme verte » en France, Autriche, etc.).Simulations have shown that, for a temperature of about 80 ° C at the outlet of the chimney and with an air preheated to 300 ° C, or even 350 ° C, one obtains, for a wood stove with high efficiency regulated by according to the invention, a yield of 85-90% and a CO / CO 2 ratio of the order of 0.1%, which is in conformity with most of the standards or ecolabels in force in view of to increase the performance and reduce the pollution of heating appliances (eg "Green Flame" label in France, Austria, etc.).

Claims (10)

Appareil de chauffage à combustible solide comprenant une chambre de combustion (1) et un premier conduit d'évacuation des fumées (6), caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de chauffage comprend : - une double paroi (2A) délimitant, à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion, un second conduit d'évacuation des fumées (2), sis sur le parcours des fumées entre la chambre de combustion (1) et ledit premier conduit (6) et munie, dans une section verticale, d'une pluralité de clapets de communication commandés (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.), situés à des hauteurs respectives différentes h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., le second conduit d'évacuation des fumées (2) étant configuré, grâce à une ouverture (2B) de la double paroi (2A) dans sa partie basse, de manière à allonger le chemin parcouru par les fumées, dans une mesure qui dépend de la sélection du clapet d'entrée ouvert dans le second conduit (2), les autres clapets étant fermés ; - des moyens de régulation configurés pour sélectionner, pour chacun desdits clapets (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.), une position ouverte ou fermée, en fonction de la température des fumées mesurée par une sonde de température (7) situé au niveau dudit premier conduit (6), de manière à ajuster la longueur du chemin parcouru par les fumées (3) pour minimiser la température des fumées, tout en restant au-dessus de leur point de rosée. Solid fuel heating apparatus comprising a combustion chamber (1) and a first flue gas duct (6), characterized in that the heating apparatus comprises: - a double wall (2A) delimiting, outside the combustion chamber, a second flue gas discharge duct (2), located on the flue gas path between the combustion chamber (1) and said first duct ( 6) and provided, in a vertical section, with a plurality of controlled communication valves (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.), at respective different heights h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., the the second flue gas duct (2) being configured, thanks to an opening (2B) of the double wall (2A) in its lower part, so as to lengthen the path traveled by the flue gases, to a degree that depends on the selecting the inlet valve open in the second conduit (2), the other valves being closed; - Control means configured to select, for each of said valves (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.), an open or closed position, depending on the flue gas temperature measured by a temperature sensor (7) located at level of said first conduit (6), so as to adjust the length of the path traveled by the fumes (3) to minimize the temperature of the fumes, while remaining above their dew point. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier conduit d'évacuation (6) est une cheminée verticale ou un conduit horizontal ou de départ arrière.Heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first discharge duct (6) is a vertical chimney or a horizontal duct or rear outlet. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la sonde de température (7) est située à une certaine distance de l'extrémité de la cheminée (8) débouchant à l'atmosphère.Heating apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature sensor (7) is located at a distance from the end of the chimney (8) opening into the atmosphere. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la sonde de température (7) est sise à environ 30 cm au-dessous du sommet de la cheminée (8).Heating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature sensor (7) is located approximately 30 cm below the top of the chimney (8). Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la double paroi (2A) comprend, à chaque hauteur h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., deux clapets (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.) situés à proximité des deux parois latérales de la chambre de combustion (1).Heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the double wall (2A) comprises, at each height h1, h2, h3, h4, etc., two valves (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.) located at proximity of the two side walls of the combustion chamber (1). Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un clapet de tirage direct (5) pour l'admission des fumées dans le premier conduit (6).Heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a direct draft valve (5) for the admission of fumes into the first duct (6). Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de régulation comprennent ladite sonde température (7), un microcontrôleur et un actionneur se présentant sous la forme d'un moteur pour l'ouverture et la fermeture de chaque clapet.Heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulating means comprise said temperature probe (7), a microcontroller and an actuator in the form of a motor for opening and closing each valve. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la régulation est une régulation en boucle ouverte ou fermée, de préférence de type PID.Heating apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the control is an open or closed loop control, preferably of the PID type. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un conduit de réchauffement d'air primaire ou secondaire (9) aboutissant dans le haut (10) de la chambre de combustion (1) est disposé entre la chambre de combustion (1) et le second conduit d'évacuation des fumées (2).Heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a primary or secondary air heating duct (9) terminating in the top (10) of the combustion chamber (1) is arranged between the combustion chamber (1). ) and the second flue gas duct (2). Procédé de régulation d'un appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en fonctionnement, lesdits moyens de régulation sont mis en ouvre pour que : - à une allure maximum de l'appareil, le clapet (11) de hauteur la plus élevée h1 est ouvert et les autres clapets (12, 13, 14, etc.) fermés ; - à une allure intermédiaire de l'appareil, le clapet (11) de hauteur la plus élevée h1 est fermé et au moins un clapet de hauteur inférieure h2, h3, h4, etc. est ouvert, les clapets restants étant fermés ; - à une allure minimum de l'appareil ou au ralenti, tous les clapets sont fermés sauf le clapet de hauteur la plus faible ou bien tous les clapets (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.) sont fermés sauf le clapet de tirage direct (5), admettant directement les fumées dans le premier conduit (6). A method of regulating a heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that , in operation, said regulating means are implemented so that: at a maximum speed of the apparatus, the highest-height valve (11) h1 is open and the other valves (12, 13, 14, etc.) closed; at an intermediate speed of the apparatus, the highest-height valve (11) h1 is closed and at least one lower-height valve h2, h3, h4, etc. is open, the remaining flaps being closed; - at a minimum speed of the apparatus or at idle speed, all valves are closed except for the lowest height valve or all valves (11, 12, 13, 14, etc.) are closed except the flap valve Direct (5), directly admitting the fumes in the first conduit (6).
EP10150358A 2010-01-08 2010-01-08 Heating device equipped with fuel regulation Withdrawn EP2343482A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10150358A EP2343482A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-01-08 Heating device equipped with fuel regulation
ES10794945.5T ES2535807T3 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating device with combustion control
CA2785902A CA2785902A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating apparatus provided with combustion control
US13/519,743 US9074774B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating apparatus provided with combustion control
JP2012547472A JP5716042B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating device with combustion controller
EP10794945.5A EP2521882B1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating device equipped with fuel regulation
PCT/EP2010/069279 WO2011082936A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating apparatus provided with combustion control

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP10150358A EP2343482A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-01-08 Heating device equipped with fuel regulation

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EP2343482A1 true EP2343482A1 (en) 2011-07-13

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EP10794945.5A Not-in-force EP2521882B1 (en) 2010-01-08 2010-12-09 Heating device equipped with fuel regulation

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EP (2) EP2343482A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5716042B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2785902A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2011082936A1 (en)

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EP2607788A1 (en) 2011-12-20 2013-06-26 Rudy Cyris Heating device with very little depth and with extended vision

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GB364280A (en) * 1930-11-28 1932-01-07 Edgar Herring Improvements in connection with hot water boilers
GB767474A (en) * 1955-03-14 1957-02-06 Maurice Guillier Cooking stove selectively operable under direct or down draught
US4320738A (en) * 1980-05-30 1982-03-23 Virgil Johnson Heating stove
BE903620A (en) 1985-11-08 1986-03-03 Lambert Albert Joseph Heat recovery system for wood burning stove - exhaust fumes are oxygenated and volatile gas ignited to raise temp. of air heater increasing efficiency
AT393898B (en) * 1988-03-09 1991-12-27 Prueller Josef Smoke-gas flap
DE10022877A1 (en) * 2000-03-08 2001-09-20 Hdg Bavaria Gmbh Heizkessel & Heating boiler fired by solid fuel has housing walls filled with heat insulating material and on inside is surrounding water chamber
EP1563228B1 (en) 2002-11-20 2007-04-25 Thermic Investments S.A. High-performance heating apparatus

Also Published As

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ES2535807T3 (en) 2015-05-18
US9074774B2 (en) 2015-07-07
EP2521882A1 (en) 2012-11-14
CA2785902A1 (en) 2011-07-14
EP2521882B1 (en) 2015-02-25
US20130000625A1 (en) 2013-01-03
WO2011082936A1 (en) 2011-07-14
JP5716042B2 (en) 2015-05-13
JP2013516594A (en) 2013-05-13

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