EP2255882B1 - Grinding machine and tool for use in same - Google Patents

Grinding machine and tool for use in same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2255882B1
EP2255882B1 EP10002019.7A EP10002019A EP2255882B1 EP 2255882 B1 EP2255882 B1 EP 2255882B1 EP 10002019 A EP10002019 A EP 10002019A EP 2255882 B1 EP2255882 B1 EP 2255882B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
rotor
shaft
grinding
carrier
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10002019.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2255882A1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Pretzler
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Pretzler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Komptech GmbH
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Komptech GmbH
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Publication of EP2255882A1 publication Critical patent/EP2255882A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B02C18/184—Disc-shaped knives with peripherally arranged demountable cutting tips or elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/13—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft and combined with sifting devices, e.g. for making powdered fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B02C13/2804—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements being rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shredding machine according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a tool for use in such a shredding machine.
  • Comminution machines which have a comminution unit consisting of a tool-carrying comminution rotor, an adjustable shear bar and a sieve basket, the comminution rotor being equipped with tool holders.
  • DE29711188 (U1 ) teaches a rotor for devices for shredding organic materials, the rotor having two end-side bearing plates, between which the work tools formed from the head and foot part are pivotally held with their foot parts at a fixed mutual horizontal distance on continuous guide rods between the bearing plates, characterized, that serve to fix the work tools parallel to the guide rods, separately usable handrails, which engage positively and / or non-positively on the foot parts of each of the work tools.
  • the shredding machines are preferably used to process waste wood, such as shrub clippings, chippings, pre-shredded root bodies, logs and treated and untreated waste wood.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above and to enable different variants of the fixed tools, that is to say tools permanently mounted on the comminution roller.
  • the aforementioned object is achieved by means of a comminution machine with the features of claim 1 and a tool with the features of claim 5.
  • Advantageous training is the subject of the respective subclaims.
  • the shredding machine has a shredding unit, consisting of a tool-holding shredding rotor, an adjustable shear bar and a strainer basket, the shredding rotor being equipped with tool holders.
  • a free-swinging or an overload-protected fixed tool can preferably be received in the tool holder.
  • the tool holders are taken up in a spiral along the comminution rotor. This results in a good crushing result.
  • a manual transmission is provided according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, by means of which the comminuting rotor can be converted into a shredder mode or a chopping mode.
  • the shredder mode corresponds to equipping the shredding rotor with free-swinging tools.
  • the chopping mode corresponds to the assembly variants B) and C) mentioned above.
  • the respective tool holder consists of parallel holding forks, between which the tool is arranged in the assembled state.
  • the comminution rotor is formed from a cylinder which can be rotatably supported in the comminution machine and on which are arranged form plates which are spaced apart from one another and which carry the receiving forks and which have recesses for additional fixing of the tools.
  • the aforementioned object is also achieved by the above-mentioned tools with the features of claim 5, which are used in a correspondingly mentioned embodiment of a machine tool.
  • the tool consists of a multi-part tool carrier and an exchangeable wear part, the tool carrier having at least one tool handle with a bore into which a shaft can be received, via which the tool can be mounted in the corresponding receiving forks.
  • the respective shafts on which the tool carriers are rotatably arranged can be fixed in the tool holders by means of screws. This results in a particularly simple assembly capability, which enables individual assembly of the respective tools in the comminution rotor without having to dismantle it altogether.
  • the tool handle which is designed as a two-armed lever, which in turn can be rotated about the shaft, can carry a tool head at one end in which the replaceable wear part can be received, while the other end of the two-armed lever, which in turn is designed as a fork is, can be fixed by a screw on the comminuting rotor.
  • the fork engages around one of the shaped plates of the comminution rotor in the region of the recess, which is provided in this plate specifically for receiving the corresponding shear screw.
  • the shear screw is designed in such a way that it is destroyed when an overload occurs, so that overall damage to the comminution rotor is prevented by the entire comminution machine in that the tool can deflect around the shaft by pivoting. According to this embodiment variant, a fixed tool with overload protection is therefore provided.
  • the tool handle is designed as a one-armed lever which is rotatable about the shaft and has the tool head provided at its free end. This creates a free-swinging tool.
  • the wearing parts are detachably received in the tool head, which is designed as a tool holder.
  • the free-swinging tools are designed in several parts in a tool holder, in which several free-swinging tools side by side on the respective one Shaft, which is received in the tool holder, can be rotatably supported.
  • the wearing parts are either hammers or blades.
  • the tool carrier or the tool holder can advantageously lie outside the wear area, because the wear parts are each advantageously inserted into the respective tool holder.
  • the tool head can be positively placed on the tool handle according to the invention. As a result, it can be placed on the tool handle in a manner that prevents it from rotating, before it is firmly attached by means of appropriate fastening screws.
  • This design variant makes it easier to assemble the respective tools precisely.
  • a comminuting rotor 10 is only shown as part of a comminuting machine.
  • the comminution machine has, in a known and therefore not shown again, manner as comminution unit in addition to the comminution rotor in which the tools are arranged, an adjustable shear bar and a strainer basket.
  • the Indian Figure 1 and in more detail also in the Figures 2 and 3rd Comminution rotor shown consists essentially of a cylinder 12, on which molded sheets 14 are welded at a distance from one another at a vertical distance.
  • the shaped sheets have corresponding recesses 16 for receiving tool holders 18.
  • These tool holders 18 each have a fork-shaped holder region 20 (cf. Figure 3 ).
  • a free-floating tool 26 is shown, in which three identically constructed sub-tools in the form of a hammer 30 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 28.
  • the respective hammer 30 consists of a multi-part tool carrier 32, which comprises a tool handle, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here Figure 4 is designed as a one-armed lever. This one-armed lever is rotatably mounted about the shaft 28.
  • the tool head 34 is formed at its free end, in which the wear part 36 can be received.
  • Screws 38 also shown can free-floating tool 26 in the receptacles 18 according to Figure 3 used and screwed tight with this.
  • Screw holes 40 are provided for inserting the screws 38.
  • the screw nuts 42 lie in the space 44 made for this purpose in the tool holder Figure 3 .
  • the Figure 5 shows an alternative tool 24, which also in the tool holder 18 according to Figure 3 can be used.
  • This is a fixed hammer that can be mounted in the Figure 7 is broken down into its individual parts.
  • the fixed hammer has a tool carrier 46 in the form of a two-armed lever which is pivotally mounted about the shaft 28.
  • the shaft 28 is in turn via the screws 38 and the screw nuts 42 in the tool holders 18 according to FIG Figure 3 applicable.
  • a tool head 48 is arranged at one end of the tool handle 46 designed as a two-armed lever.
  • the opposite end of the tool handle 26 is fork-shaped and has a screw 50 designed as a shear screw.
  • the tool head 48 has a tool holder 52 and the replaceable wear part 54.
  • the tool head 48 and the free end of the tool handle 46 are as in FIG Figure 7 shown, can be positively connected to one another, the individual parts of the tool head being able to be fixed on the tool handle 46 by means of a screw 56.
  • the wear part 54 is then replaced in a very simple manner by removing the fastening screw 56 and removing the wear part from the tool holder 52.
  • the wear part 54 and the tool holder 52 can be connected to one another by means of a form fit, as shown in Figure 7 is shown.
  • FIGS Figures 5 and 7 Another alternative tool design is from the Figures 6 and 8th evident.
  • the Figure 6 shows the tool in the assembled state, while in Figure 8 the respective individual parts of the tool are shown in an extended position.
  • the tool 22, which is also permanently installed, is constructed similarly to the tool 24 in FIGS Figures 5 and 7 . However, this involves the use of a knife blade 58 as a wearing part.
  • Both the shaft 28 and the attachment in the tool holder 18 via the screws 38 correspond to the previous explanations for the Figures 5 and 7 .
  • the design of the tool handle as a two-armed lever and the fixing of one end of the handle via a shear screw 50 with a shaped plate 14 of the comminuting rotor corresponds to the aforementioned embodiment.
  • the construction of the tool head 48 differs from that according to FIG Figures 5 and 7 .
  • a tool holder 52 is also provided here, it is designed in two parts and also has a part 52 ′ which is suitable for fixing the knife 58 together with the other part of the tool holder 52. This is in the tool holder 52, as in Figure 8 shown in detail, fixed by means of a locking pin 60 before the upper part of the tool holder 52 'is screwed on the fastening screw 56.
  • the wearing part 58 is constructed symmetrically and forms a knife blade with two knife edges 62.
  • the cutters of the knife blade can be exchanged at least once before the entire knife blade designed as a wearing part 58 must be replaced.
  • the tool 22 is shown in FIG Figure 1 shown in assembled form.
  • the knife blade as a wearing part 58 carrying tool additionally has a plate 64, which is fixed on the one hand by means of a mounting plate 66 by means of the screws 38 and that on the opposite end side has a recess 68 which fits into a recess 70 provided in the molded plate 14 (cf. Figure 3 ) engages and fixes the front end of the sheet 46 there with a positive fit.
  • This sheet metal 64 improves the efficiency of the fixed knife 58 in the tool 22, particularly when shredding shrub cuttings with a high proportion of wood.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Sie betrifft weiterhin ein Werkzeug zum Einsatz in einer derartigen Zerkleinerungsmaschine.The invention relates to a shredding machine according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a tool for use in such a shredding machine.

Es sind bereits Zerkleinerungsmaschinen bekannt, die eine Zerkleinerungseinheit bestehend aus einem werkzeugtragenden Zerkleinerungsrotor, einer zustellbaren Gegenschneide und einem Siebkorb aufweisen, wobei der Zerkleinerungsrotor mit Werkzeugaufnahmen ausgestattet ist.Comminution machines are already known which have a comminution unit consisting of a tool-carrying comminution rotor, an adjustable shear bar and a sieve basket, the comminution rotor being equipped with tool holders.

DE8214553 (U1 ) offenbart einen Rotor für Hammermühlen mit

  • Tragkörpern, die rings um eine zentrale Achse in parallelen Ebenen angeordnet und starr miteinander verbunden sind,
  • Lagerbolzen, die sich parallel zur zentralen Achse durch die Tragkörper hindurcherstrecken,
  • und Hämmern, die zwischen den Tragkörpern auf den Lagerbolzen gelagert und in eine Arbeitsstellung schwenkbar sind, in der sie radial über die Tragkörper hinausragen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hämmer in ihrer Arbeitsstellung verriegelbar sind. DE8214553 (U1 ) discloses a rotor for hammer mills
  • Support bodies, which are arranged around a central axis in parallel planes and are rigidly connected to one another,
  • Bearing bolts that extend through the supporting bodies parallel to the central axis,
  • and hammers, which are mounted on the bearing bolts between the supporting bodies and can be pivoted into a working position in which they protrude radially beyond the supporting bodies,
characterized in that the hammers can be locked in their working position.

DE29711188 (U1 ) lehrt einen Rotor für Geräte zur Zerkleinerung organischer Materialien, wobei der Rotor zwei endseitige Lagerplatten aufweist, zwischen denen die aus Kopf- und Fußteil gebildeten Arbeitswerkzeuge mit ihren Fußteilen in festem gegenseitigen Horizontalabstand auf durchlaufenden Führungsstangen zwischen den Lagerplatten verschwenkbar gehalten sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zum Festsetzen der Arbeitswerkzeuge parallel zu den Führungsstangen verlaufende, separat einsetzbare Haltestangen dienen, die form- und/oder kraftschlüssig an den Fußteilen jedes der Arbeitswerkzeuge angreifen. DE29711188 (U1 ) teaches a rotor for devices for shredding organic materials, the rotor having two end-side bearing plates, between which the work tools formed from the head and foot part are pivotally held with their foot parts at a fixed mutual horizontal distance on continuous guide rods between the bearing plates,
characterized,
that serve to fix the work tools parallel to the guide rods, separately usable handrails, which engage positively and / or non-positively on the foot parts of each of the work tools.

Bei den herkömmlichen Zerkleinerungsmaschinen werden in erster Linie Ausführungen mit freischwingenden Werkzeugen verwendet. Neuerlich, wie z.B. in DE29711188 (U1 ) offenbart, kommen auch Werkzeugmaschinen mit feststehenden Werkzeugen zum Einsatz, welche in bestehende Rotoren montiert werden können, die normalerweise freischwingende Werkzeuge tragen. Das hat zwei Nachteile, wobei der erste, nämlich die fehlende Überlastsicherung, zu massiven Maschinenschäden führen kann. Der zweite Nachteil ist die notwendige Drehzahlreduktion mittels Änderung der Keilriemenübersetzung vom Motor zur Zerkleinerungstrommel.Conventional shredding machines primarily use versions with free-swinging tools. Recently, such as in DE29711188 (U1 ), machine tools with fixed tools are also used, which can be mounted in existing rotors that normally carry freely swinging tools. This has two disadvantages, the first, namely the lack of overload protection, can lead to massive machine damage. The second disadvantage is the necessary speed reduction by changing the V-belt ratio from the motor to the shredding drum.

Die Zerkleinerungsmaschinen dienen vorzugsweise zur Aufbereitung von Abfallholz, wie beispielsweise Strauchschnitt, Schlagabraum, vorzerkleinerte Wurzkörper, Stammholz und behandeltes sowie unbehandeltes Altholz.The shredding machines are preferably used to process waste wood, such as shrub clippings, chippings, pre-shredded root bodies, logs and treated and untreated waste wood.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die zuvor geschilderten Nachteile zu beseitigen und bei den feststehenden, das heißt an der Zerkleinerungswalze fest montierten Werkzeugen unterschiedliche Varianten zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above and to enable different variants of the fixed tools, that is to say tools permanently mounted on the comminution roller.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die vorgenannte Aufgabe mittels einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und ein Werkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausbildungen sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen Unteransprüche.According to the invention, the aforementioned object is achieved by means of a comminution machine with the features of claim 1 and a tool with the features of claim 5. Advantageous training is the subject of the respective subclaims.

Die Zerkleinerungsmaschine weist eine Zerkleinerungseinheit auf, bestehend aus einem werkzeugtragenden Zerkleinerungsrotor, einer zustellbaren Gegenschneide und einem Siebkorb, wobei der Zerkleinerungsrotor mit Werkzeugaufnahmen ausgestattet ist. In der Werkzeugaufnahme ist vorzugsweise jeweils eine freischwingende oder ein überlastgesichertes festes Werkzeug aufnehmbar.The shredding machine has a shredding unit, consisting of a tool-holding shredding rotor, an adjustable shear bar and a strainer basket, the shredding rotor being equipped with tool holders. A free-swinging or an overload-protected fixed tool can preferably be received in the tool holder.

Aufgrund dieser erfinderischen Lösung können verschiedene Werkzeugbestückungen in einem Grundrotor nach Bedarf montiert werden. Folgende drei mögliche Werkzeugbestückungen bieten sich für verschiedene Zerkleinerungsaufgaben von Abfallholz an:

  1. A) Bei auffasernder Zerkleinerung von Grünmaterial, wie beispielsweise Strauchschnitt, wird der Zerkleinerungsrotor mit freischwingenden Werkzeugen, die als Hämmer ausgebildet sind, bestückt. Dieser Einsatzfall tritt bei der Aufbereitung von Grüngut für die Kompostierung auf. Die Rotorumfangsgeschwindigkeit liegt hier bei ca. 50 m/s.
  2. B) Zur Zerkleinerung von Altholz wird der Zerkleinerungsrotor mit feststehenden Hämmern bestückt. Um den Feinanteil gering zu halten, ist es auch gewünscht, die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit erheblich zu verringern.
  3. C) Zur Aufbereitung von Strauchschnitt mit einem hohen Holzanteil wird der Zerkleinerungsrotor mit einer feststehenden Klinge bestückt, welche ähnlich einem Hackrotor angeordnet ist und auch ein ähnliches Zerkleinerungsergebnis wie ein Hackrotor erzielt. Auch hier ist eine Drehzahlabsenkung am Rotor, wie unter B) genannt, erforderlich.
Due to this inventive solution, different tooling can be assembled in a basic rotor as required. The following three possible tooling options are available for various waste wood shredding tasks:
  1. A) When shredding green material, such as shrub cuttings, the shredding rotor is equipped with free-swinging tools that are designed as hammers. This application occurs when green waste is processed for composting. The rotor circumferential speed is around 50 m / s.
  2. B) For shredding waste wood, the shredding rotor is equipped with fixed hammers. In order to keep the fine fraction low, it is also desirable to reduce the peripheral speed considerably.
  3. C) To process shrub cuttings with a high proportion of wood, the shredding rotor is equipped with a fixed blade, which is similar to a Chopping rotor is arranged and also achieved a similar crushing result as a chopping rotor. Here too, a speed reduction on the rotor, as mentioned under B), is required.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Werkzeugaufnahmen entlang des Zerkleinerungsrotors spiralförmig aufgenommen. Hierdurch wird ein gutes Zerkleinerungsergebnis erzielt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tool holders are taken up in a spiral along the comminution rotor. This results in a good crushing result.

Zur Erzeugung der unterschiedlichen Rotorumfangsgeschwindigkeiten ist gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Schaltgetriebe vorgesehen, über welches der Zerkleinerungsrotor in einen Schreddermodus oder einen Hackmodus umstellbar ist. Der Schreddermodus entspricht einer Bestückung des Zerkleinerungsrotors mit freischwingenden Werkzeugen. Der Hackmodus dagegen entspricht der zuvor genannten Bestückungsvariante B) und C).To generate the different rotor peripheral speeds, a manual transmission is provided according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, by means of which the comminuting rotor can be converted into a shredder mode or a chopping mode. The shredder mode corresponds to equipping the shredding rotor with free-swinging tools. The chopping mode, on the other hand, corresponds to the assembly variants B) and C) mentioned above.

Erfindungsgemäß besteht die jeweilige Werkzeugaufnahme aus parallelen Aufnahmegabeln, zwischen denen das Werkzeug im montierten Zustand angeordnet ist.According to the invention, the respective tool holder consists of parallel holding forks, between which the tool is arranged in the assembled state.

Der Zerkleinerungsrotor ist in besonders einfacher Ausführungsvariante aus einem drehbar in der Zerkleinerungsmaschine lagerbaren Zylinder gebildet, an dem senkrecht voneinander beabstandete Formbleche angeordnet sind, die die Aufnahmegabeln tragen und die zur zusätzlichen Festlegung der Werkzeuge Ausnehmungen aufweisen.In a particularly simple embodiment variant, the comminution rotor is formed from a cylinder which can be rotatably supported in the comminution machine and on which are arranged form plates which are spaced apart from one another and which carry the receiving forks and which have recesses for additional fixing of the tools.

Die vorgenannte Aufgabe wird ebenfalls durch oben genannte Werkzeuge mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 gelöst, die zum Einsatz in einer entsprechend hier vorgenannten Ausführung einer Werkzeugmaschine dienen. Das Werkzeug besteht aus einem mehrteiligen Werkzeugträger und einem auswechselbaren Verschleißteil, wobei der Werkzeugträger zumindest einen Werkzeugstiel mit einer Bohrung aufweist, in die eine Welle aufnehmbar ist, über die das Werkzeug in den entsprechenden Aufnahmegabeln montierbar ist.The aforementioned object is also achieved by the above-mentioned tools with the features of claim 5, which are used in a correspondingly mentioned embodiment of a machine tool. The tool consists of a multi-part tool carrier and an exchangeable wear part, the tool carrier having at least one tool handle with a bore into which a shaft can be received, via which the tool can be mounted in the corresponding receiving forks.

Die jeweiligen Wellen, auf denen die Werkzeugträger drehbar angeordnet sind, können über Schrauben in den Werkzeugaufnahmen festlegbar sein. Hierdurch ist eine besonders einfache Montierbarkeit gegeben, die einer einzelnen Montage der jeweiligen Werkzeuge im Zerkleinerungsrotor ermöglicht, ohne dass dieser insgesamt demontiert werden muss.The respective shafts on which the tool carriers are rotatably arranged can be fixed in the tool holders by means of screws. This results in a particularly simple assembly capability, which enables individual assembly of the respective tools in the comminution rotor without having to dismantle it altogether.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante kann der Werkzeugstiel, der als zweiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet ist, der wiederum um die Welle drehbar ist, an einem Ende einen Werkzeugkopf tragen, in dem das auswechselbare Verschleißteil aufnehmbar ist, während das andere Ende des zweiarmigen Hebels, welches wiederum als Gabel ausgebildet ist, über eine Schraube an dem Zerkleinerungsrotor festlegbar ist. Dabei umgreift die Gabel eines der Formbleche des Zerkleinerungsrotors im Bereich der Ausnehmung, die eigens in diesem Blech dazu vorgesehen ist, die entsprechende Scherschraube aufzunehmen. Die Scherschraube ist derart ausgelegt, dass sie bei auftretender Überlast zerstört wird, so dass eine Gesamtbeschädigung des Zerkleinerungsrotors von der gesamten Zerkleinerungsmaschine dadurch verhindert wird, dass das Werkzeug durch Verschwenken um die Welle ausweichen kann. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsvariante wird also ein feststehendes Werkzeug mit Überlastschutz an die Hand gegeben.According to one embodiment variant, the tool handle, which is designed as a two-armed lever, which in turn can be rotated about the shaft, can carry a tool head at one end in which the replaceable wear part can be received, while the other end of the two-armed lever, which in turn is designed as a fork is, can be fixed by a screw on the comminuting rotor. The fork engages around one of the shaped plates of the comminution rotor in the region of the recess, which is provided in this plate specifically for receiving the corresponding shear screw. The shear screw is designed in such a way that it is destroyed when an overload occurs, so that overall damage to the comminution rotor is prevented by the entire comminution machine in that the tool can deflect around the shaft by pivoting. According to this embodiment variant, a fixed tool with overload protection is therefore provided.

Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsvariante wird der Werkzeugstiel als einarmiger Hebel ausgebildet, der um die Welle drehbar ist und an seinem freien Ende den Werkzeugkopf vorgesehen hat. Hierdurch wird ein freischwingendes Werkzeug gebildet.According to an alternative embodiment variant, the tool handle is designed as a one-armed lever which is rotatable about the shaft and has the tool head provided at its free end. This creates a free-swinging tool.

In dem als Werkzeugaufnahme ausgebildeten Werkzeugkopf werden lösbar die Verschleißteile aufgenommen.The wearing parts are detachably received in the tool head, which is designed as a tool holder.

Die freischwingenden Werkzeuge sind mehrteilig in einer Werkzeugaufnahme ausgeführt, in dem mehrere freischwingende Werkzeuge nebeneinander auf der jeweiligen Welle, die in die Werkzeugaufnahme aufgenommen wird, drehbar gelagert sein können.The free-swinging tools are designed in several parts in a tool holder, in which several free-swinging tools side by side on the respective one Shaft, which is received in the tool holder, can be rotatably supported.

Bei den Verschleißteilen handelt es sich wahlweise um Hämmer oder Klingen.The wearing parts are either hammers or blades.

Vorteilhaft können der Werkzeugträger bzw. die Werkzeugaufnahme außerhalb des Verschleißbereichs liegen, denn in die jeweilige Werkzeugaufnahme sind die Verschleißteile jeweils vorteilhaft eingesetzt.The tool carrier or the tool holder can advantageously lie outside the wear area, because the wear parts are each advantageously inserted into the respective tool holder.

Besonders einfach ist es, dass der Werkzeugkopf erfindungsgemäß formschlüssig auf dem Werkzeugstiel aufsetzbar ist. Hierdurch kann er verdrehsicher auf dem Werkzeugstiel aufgesetzt werden, bevor er durch entsprechende Befestigungsschrauben fest montiert ist. Diese Ausführungsvariante erleichtert eine lagegenaue Montage der jeweiligen Werkzeuge.It is particularly simple that the tool head can be positively placed on the tool handle according to the invention. As a result, it can be placed on the tool handle in a manner that prevents it from rotating, before it is firmly attached by means of appropriate fastening screws. This design variant makes it easier to assemble the respective tools precisely.

Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus einem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine Ausführungsvariante eines Zerkleinerungsrotors mit perspektivischer Ansicht, welcher mit Hackmessern bestückt ist,
Figur 2:
ein Detail einer alternativ bestückten Variante des Zerkleinerungsrotors gemäß Figur 1, hier mit festen Hammerwerkzeugen bestückt,
Figur 3:
ein Detail des Zerkleinerungsrotors gemäß Figur 1 ohne Werkzeuge,
Figuren 4-6:
drei unterschiedliche Ausführungsvarianten von erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugen,
Figur 7:
das Werkzeug gemäß Figur 5 in einer Explosionsdarstellung und
Figur 8:
das Werkzeug gemäß Figur 6 in einer Explosionsdarstellung.
Further features, details and advantages of the invention result from an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Figure 1:
an embodiment variant of a comminution rotor with a perspective view, which is equipped with chopping knives,
Figure 2:
a detail of an alternatively equipped variant of the comminution rotor according to Figure 1 , equipped with solid hammer tools,
Figure 3:
a detail of the comminution rotor according Figure 1 without tools,
Figures 4-6:
three different design variants of tools according to the invention,
Figure 7:
the tool according to Figure 5 in an exploded view and
Figure 8:
the tool according to Figure 6 in an exploded view.

In Figur 1 ist lediglich als Teil einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine ein Zerkleinerungsrotor 10 dargestellt. Die Zerkleinerungsmaschine weist in bekannter und daher hier nicht nochmals dargestellter Art und Weise als Zerkleinerungseinheit neben dem Zerkleinerungsrotor, in dem die Werkzeuge angeordnet sind, eine zustellbare Gegenschneide und einen Siebkorb auf.In Figure 1 a comminuting rotor 10 is only shown as part of a comminuting machine. The comminution machine has, in a known and therefore not shown again, manner as comminution unit in addition to the comminution rotor in which the tools are arranged, an adjustable shear bar and a strainer basket.

Der in der Figur 1 und in näherem Detail auch in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellte Zerkleinerungsrotor besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Zylinder 12, auf dem senkrecht voneinander beabstandet Formbleche 14 aufgeschweißt sind. Die Formbleche weisen entsprechende Ausnehmungen 16 zur Aufnahme von Werkzeugaufnahmen 18 auf. Diese Werkzeugaufnahmen 18 weisen jeweils einen gabelförmigen Aufnahmebereich 20 auf (vgl. Figur 3).The Indian Figure 1 and in more detail also in the Figures 2 and 3rd Comminution rotor shown consists essentially of a cylinder 12, on which molded sheets 14 are welded at a distance from one another at a vertical distance. The shaped sheets have corresponding recesses 16 for receiving tool holders 18. These tool holders 18 each have a fork-shaped holder region 20 (cf. Figure 3 ).

In die Aufnahmen 18 sind jeweils unterschiedliche Werkzeuge einsetzbar. In der Figur 1 sind beispielsweise feststehende Hackmesser 22 eingesetzt. In der Figur 2 dagegen sind anstelle der Hackmesser 22 Hammer 24, die aber ebenfalls feststehende Werkzeuge bilden, eingesetzt. Wie aus der Figur 1 zu sehen ist, sind die Werkzeuge über den Zerkleinerungsrotor verteilt angeordnet.Different tools can be used in the receptacles 18. In the Figure 1 For example, fixed chopping knives 22 are used. In the Figure 2 on the other hand, instead of the cleaver 22, hammer 24, which also form fixed tools, are used. As from the Figure 1 it can be seen that the tools are arranged distributed over the comminution rotor.

Der Aufbau der unterschiedlichen Werkzeuge, die in die universal aufgebaute Werkzeugaufnahme 20 einsetzbar sind, werden im folgenden beschrieben.The structure of the different tools that can be used in the universal tool holder 20 are described below.

In der Figur 4 ist ein freischwingendes Werkzeug 26 gezeigt, bei dem auf einer Welle 28 drei gleich aufgebaute Teilwerkzeuge in Form eines Hammers 30 drehbar gelagert sind. Der jeweilige Hammer 30 besteht aus einem mehrteiligen Werkzeugträger 32, der einen Werkzeugstiel umfasst, der im hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 4 als einarmiger Hebel ausgebildet ist. Dieser einarmige Hebel ist um die Welle 28 drehbar gelagert. An seinem freien Ende ist der Werkzeugkopf 34 ausgebildet, in welchem das Verschleißteil 36 aufnehmbar ist. Über die in der Figur 4 ebenfalls dargestellten Schrauben 38 kann das freischwingende Werkzeug 26 in die Aufnehmungen 18 gemäß Figur 3 eingesetzt und mit dieser fest verschraubt werden. Hierzu sind in den Werkzeugaufnahmen 18 gemäß Figur 3 Schraubbohrungen 40 zum Durchstecken der Schrauben 38 vorgesehen. Die Schraubenmuttern 42 liegen bei der Montage in dem hierfür vorgenommenen Zwischenraum 44 in der Werkzeugaufnahme gemäß Figur 3.In the Figure 4 A free-floating tool 26 is shown, in which three identically constructed sub-tools in the form of a hammer 30 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 28. The respective hammer 30 consists of a multi-part tool carrier 32, which comprises a tool handle, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here Figure 4 is designed as a one-armed lever. This one-armed lever is rotatably mounted about the shaft 28. The tool head 34 is formed at its free end, in which the wear part 36 can be received. About the in the Figure 4 Screws 38 also shown can free-floating tool 26 in the receptacles 18 according to Figure 3 used and screwed tight with this. For this purpose, according to FIG Figure 3 Screw holes 40 are provided for inserting the screws 38. During assembly, the screw nuts 42 lie in the space 44 made for this purpose in the tool holder Figure 3 .

Die Figur 5 zeigt ein alternatives Werkzeug 24, welches ebenfalls in die Werkzeugaufnahme 18 gemäß Figur 3 einsetzbar ist. Hier handelt es sich um einen feststehend montierbaren Hammer, der in der Figur 7 in seine Einzelteile zerlegt ist. Der feststehende Hammer weist einen Werkzeugträger 46 in Form eines zweiarmigen Hebels auf, der um die Welle 28 schwenkbar gelagert ist. Die Welle 28 ist wiederum über die Schrauben 38 und die Schraubmuttern 42 in die Werkzeugaufnahmen 18 gemäß Figur 3 einsetzbar. An einem Ende des als zweiarmigen Hebel ausgebildeten Werkzeugstiels 46 ist ein Werkzeugkopf 48 angeordnet. Das gegenüberliegende Ende des Werkzeugstiels 26 ist gabelförmig ausgebildet und weist eine als Scherschraube ausgebildete Schraube 50 auf. Nach entsprechender Montage der Welle 28 in die Werkzeugaufnahme 18 gemäß Figur 3 wird das als Gabel ausgebildete Ende des zweiarmigen Werkzeugstiels 46 an dem entsprechenden Formbleche 14 des Zerkleinerungsrotors 10 dadurch fixiert, dass die Scherschraube 50 durch die zur Aufnahme der Scherschraube vorgesehene Ausnehmung 51 im Formblech 14 (vgl. Figur 3) gesteckt wird. Hierdurch wird das Werkzeug 24 im Zerkleinerungsrotor festgelegt, wie dies in der Figur 2 zu sehen ist.The Figure 5 shows an alternative tool 24, which also in the tool holder 18 according to Figure 3 can be used. This is a fixed hammer that can be mounted in the Figure 7 is broken down into its individual parts. The fixed hammer has a tool carrier 46 in the form of a two-armed lever which is pivotally mounted about the shaft 28. The shaft 28 is in turn via the screws 38 and the screw nuts 42 in the tool holders 18 according to FIG Figure 3 applicable. A tool head 48 is arranged at one end of the tool handle 46 designed as a two-armed lever. The opposite end of the tool handle 26 is fork-shaped and has a screw 50 designed as a shear screw. After appropriate mounting of the shaft 28 in the tool holder 18 according to Figure 3 the end of the two-armed tool handle 46, which is designed as a fork, is fixed to the corresponding shaped plates 14 of the comminuting rotor 10 in that the shear screw 50 is provided in the shaped plate 14 through the recess 51 provided for receiving the shear screw (cf. Figure 3 ) is inserted. As a result, the tool 24 is fixed in the comminuting rotor, as in the Figure 2 you can see.

Wie insbesondere aus Figur 7 ersichtlich, weist der Werkzeugkopf 48 einen Werkzeughalter 52 sowie das auswechselbare Verschleißteil 54 auf. Der Werkzeugkopf 48 und das freie Ende des Werkzeugstiels 46 sind wie in Figur 7 dargestellt, formschlüssig miteinander verbindbar, wobei die einzelnen Teile des Werkzeugkopfs über eine Schraube 56 auf dem Werkzeugstiel 46 festlegbar sind. Ein Auswechseln des Verschleißteils 54 erfolgt dann in sehr einfacher Art und Weise dadurch, dass die Befestigungsschraube 56 entfernt wird und das Verschleißteil aus dem Werkzeughalter 52 herausgenommen wird. Auch das Verschleißteil 54 und der Werkzeughalter 52 sind mittels eines Formschlusses miteinander verbindbar, wie dies in Figur 7 dargestellt ist.How especially out Figure 7 As can be seen, the tool head 48 has a tool holder 52 and the replaceable wear part 54. The tool head 48 and the free end of the tool handle 46 are as in FIG Figure 7 shown, can be positively connected to one another, the individual parts of the tool head being able to be fixed on the tool handle 46 by means of a screw 56. The wear part 54 is then replaced in a very simple manner by removing the fastening screw 56 and removing the wear part from the tool holder 52. The wear part 54 and the tool holder 52 can be connected to one another by means of a form fit, as shown in Figure 7 is shown.

Eine wiederum alternative Werkzeugausgestaltung ist aus den Figuren 6 und 8 ersichtlich. Die Figur 6 zeigt das Werkzeug im montierten Zustand, während in Figur 8 die jeweiligen Einzelteile des Werkzeugs in auseinandergezogener Position dargestellt sind. Grundsätzlich ist das ebenfalls feststehend eingebaute Werkzeug 22 ähnlich aufgebaut, wie das Werkzeug 24 in den Figuren 5 und 7. Hier handelt es sich allerdings um den Einsatz einer Messerklinge 58 als Verschleißteil.Another alternative tool design is from the Figures 6 and 8th evident. The Figure 6 shows the tool in the assembled state, while in Figure 8 the respective individual parts of the tool are shown in an extended position. Basically, the tool 22, which is also permanently installed, is constructed similarly to the tool 24 in FIGS Figures 5 and 7 . However, this involves the use of a knife blade 58 as a wearing part.

Sowohl die Welle 28 und die Befestigung in der Werkzeugaufnahme 18 über die Schrauben 38 entspricht den vorherigen Ausführungen zu den Figuren 5 und 7. Auch die Ausbildung des Werkzeugstiels als zweiarmiger Hebel und die Festlegung des einen Endes des Stiels über eine Scherschraube 50 mit einem Formblech 14 des Zerkleinerungsrotors entspricht der vorgenannten Ausführungsform. Allerdings unterscheidet sich der Aufbau des Werkzeugkopfs 48 von demjenigen gemäß der Figuren 5 und 7. Hier ist zwar ebenfalls eine Werkzeughalterung 52 vorgesehen, diese ist aber zweiteilig ausgeführt und weist noch einen Teil 52' auf, der dazu geeignet ist, zusammen mit dem anderen Teil des Werkzeughalters 52 das Messer 58 festzulegen. Dieses wird im Werkzeughalter 52, wie in Figur 8 im einzelnen gezeigt, mittels eines Sicherungsstifts 60 fixiert, bevor der obere Teil des Werkzeughalters 52' über die Befestigungsschraube 56 aufgeschraubt wird.Both the shaft 28 and the attachment in the tool holder 18 via the screws 38 correspond to the previous explanations for the Figures 5 and 7 . The design of the tool handle as a two-armed lever and the fixing of one end of the handle via a shear screw 50 with a shaped plate 14 of the comminuting rotor corresponds to the aforementioned embodiment. However, the construction of the tool head 48 differs from that according to FIG Figures 5 and 7 . Although a tool holder 52 is also provided here, it is designed in two parts and also has a part 52 ′ which is suitable for fixing the knife 58 together with the other part of the tool holder 52. This is in the tool holder 52, as in Figure 8 shown in detail, fixed by means of a locking pin 60 before the upper part of the tool holder 52 'is screwed on the fastening screw 56.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist es noch, dass das Verschleißteil 58 symmetrisch aufgebaut ist und eine Messerklinge mit zwei Messerschneiden 62 bildet. Durch entsprechendes Verdrehen der Messerklinge 58 um 180° kann also nach entsprechender Demontage des Messerhalters 52/52' die Schneider der Messerklinge zumindest einmal getauscht werden, bevor die gesamte als Verschleißteil 58 ausgebildete Messerklinge ausgetauscht werden muss.It is also of particular importance that the wearing part 58 is constructed symmetrically and forms a knife blade with two knife edges 62. By correspondingly rotating the knife blade 58 by 180 °, after correspondingly dismantling the knife holder 52/52 ', the cutters of the knife blade can be exchanged at least once before the entire knife blade designed as a wearing part 58 must be replaced.

Das Werkzeug 22 ist, wie zuvor ausgeführt, in der Figur 1 in montierter Form dargestellt. Hier wird auch deutlich, dass neben dem die Messerklinge als Verschleißteil 58 tragende Werkzeug zusätzlich noch ein Blech 64 aufweist, welches einerseits über ein Montageblech 66 mittels der Schrauben 38 festgelegt ist und dass auf der gegenüberliegenden Endseite eine Ausnehmung 68 aufweist, die in eine im Formblech 14 vorgesehene Ausnehmung 70 (vgl. Figur 3) eingreift und das vordere Ende des Blechs 46 dort formschlüssig festlegt. Durch dieses Blech 64 wird die Effizienz des feststehenden Messers 58 im Werkzeug 22 gerade bei der Zerkleinerung von Strauchschnitt mit hohem Holzanteil verbessert.As previously stated, the tool 22 is shown in FIG Figure 1 shown in assembled form. Here it is also clear that in addition to the knife blade as a wearing part 58 carrying tool additionally has a plate 64, which is fixed on the one hand by means of a mounting plate 66 by means of the screws 38 and that on the opposite end side has a recess 68 which fits into a recess 70 provided in the molded plate 14 (cf. Figure 3 ) engages and fixes the front end of the sheet 46 there with a positive fit. This sheet metal 64 improves the efficiency of the fixed knife 58 in the tool 22, particularly when shredding shrub cuttings with a high proportion of wood.

Claims (11)

  1. Grinding machine with a grinding unit, consisting of a tool-carrying grinding rotor (10), an adjustable counter-blade and a strainer basket, wherein the grinding rotor (10) is equipped with tool holders and wherein freely swinging or overload-protected fixed tools (26, 22, 24) are received respectively in the tool holders,
    characterised in that
    each tool (26, 22, 24) consists of a multipart tool carrier (32, 46) and an interchangeable wear part (36, 54, 58), that the tool carrier (32, 46) has at least one tool shank (32, 46) with a hole, in which a shaft (28) is arranged, via which the tool (26, 22, 24) is mounted in corresponding receiving forks (18), and that the shaft (28) on which the tool carrier is arranged rotatably is fixed via screws (38) in the tool holder (18).
  2. Grinding machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the tool holders (18) are taken up helically on the grinding rotor (10).
  3. Grinding machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it has a gearbox, via which the grinding rotor (10) can be switched to a shredder mode or a chipper mode.
  4. Grinding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the grinding rotor (10) consists of a cylinder, which is supportable rotatably in the grinding machine and on which shaped plates (14) are arranged spaced perpendicularly at a distance from one another, which support the receiving forks (18) and have receptacles (52) for additional fixing of the tools (22, 24).
  5. Tool for use in a grinding machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tool (26, 22, 24) consists of a multipart tool carrier (32, 46) and an interchangeable wear part (36, 54, 58), and wherein the tool carrier (32, 46) has at least a tool shank (32, 46) with a hole, characterised in that arranged in the hole is a shaft (28), via which the tool can be mounted in the corresponding receiving forks (18), and that the shaft (28) on which the tool carrier is arranged rotatably can be fixed in the tool holder (18) via screws (38).
  6. Tool according to claim 5, characterised in that in addition to the tool shank (46) formed as a two-armed lever, which is rotatable about the shaft (28), the tool carrier has at one end a tool head (48) with the interchangeable wear part (54, 62), while the other end, which is preferably formed as a fork, can be fixed on the grinding rotor (10) via at least one screw (50).
  7. Tool according to claim 5, characterised in that the tool shank (46) is formed as a one-armed lever, which is rotatable about the shaft (28) and at its free end has the tool head (34) for receiving the interchangeable wear part (36).
  8. Tool according to one of the preceding claims 5, 7, characterised in that it is executed as a freely swinging tool (26) in a multipart manner in a tool holder (18).
  9. Tool according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the wear parts are hammers (36, 54) or blades (62).
  10. Tool according to any one of claims 5-9, characterised in that the tool head (48) lies outside the wear region and that the wear parts (36, 54, 62) are placed on the tool head (34, 48) serving as tool carrier.
  11. Tool according to any one of claims 5-10, characterised in that the tool head (34, 48) can be placed positively on the tool shank (46).
EP10002019.7A 2009-05-25 2010-02-26 Grinding machine and tool for use in same Active EP2255882B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009022454.8A DE102009022454B4 (en) 2009-05-25 2009-05-25 Crushing machine and tool for use in a crusher

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EP2255882B1 true EP2255882B1 (en) 2020-06-03

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DE (1) DE102009022454B4 (en)
DK (1) DK2255882T3 (en)
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RU2478008C2 (en) * 2011-03-02 2013-03-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Бурятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. В.Р. Филиппова" Solid hammer of universal fodder grinder
US9675976B2 (en) 2013-09-10 2017-06-13 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Hammer support for rotary tool
DE102017105283A1 (en) 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Jenz Gmbh Maschinen- Und Fahrzeugbau Tools for a crusher
DE102017106543A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-09-27 Albach Maschinenbau GmbH Hack rotor
CN110787871A (en) * 2019-11-30 2020-02-14 中山德马克环保科技有限公司 Cutting mechanism applied to drum type wood crusher and drum type wood crusher
IT202200001781A1 (en) * 2022-02-02 2023-08-02 Seppi M S P A Rotor tool for shredding machine and rotor for shredding machine

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US5484111A (en) * 1994-05-30 1996-01-16 Portec Inc. Hammers for hammer mills

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US1920946A (en) * 1930-07-25 1933-08-01 Jeffrey Mfg Co Rotary material reducing machine
DE8214553U1 (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-08-29 Gebr. Hofmann, 8700 Würzburg Rotor for hammer mills
DE4330962C2 (en) * 1993-09-09 1998-08-27 Sivyer Steel Corp Hammer mill
DE29711188U1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1997-10-30 AHWI Maschinenbau GmbH, 88682 Salem Rotor for devices for shredding organic materials
US6840471B2 (en) * 2000-02-25 2005-01-11 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Rotary grinder apparatus and method
US20080011889A1 (en) * 2005-11-17 2008-01-17 Elliott James C Hammer for a hammermill

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US5484111A (en) * 1994-05-30 1996-01-16 Portec Inc. Hammers for hammer mills

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DE102009022454B4 (en) 2017-04-06
DE102009022454A1 (en) 2010-12-09
DK2255882T3 (en) 2020-08-10
EP2255882A1 (en) 2010-12-01

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