EP2248111B1 - Valuable document with protection against forgery by way of thermochromic indicator - Google Patents

Valuable document with protection against forgery by way of thermochromic indicator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2248111B1
EP2248111B1 EP09716143.4A EP09716143A EP2248111B1 EP 2248111 B1 EP2248111 B1 EP 2248111B1 EP 09716143 A EP09716143 A EP 09716143A EP 2248111 B1 EP2248111 B1 EP 2248111B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink layer
security element
thermochromic ink
information item
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09716143.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2248111A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Reiner
Karlheinz Mayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP2248111A1 publication Critical patent/EP2248111A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2248111B1 publication Critical patent/EP2248111B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B41M3/142—Security printing using chemical colour-formers or chemical reactions, e.g. leuco-dye/acid, photochromes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/08—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects characterised by colour effects
    • B44F1/10—Changing, amusing, or secret pictures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
    • B42D2035/24—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element which has at least one thermochromic ink layer.
  • the thermochromic ink layer covers a first information, so that the first information is not recognizable. Only with a first type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer is the first information recognizable.
  • a generic security element in which electronic components in the form of at least one LCR resonant circuit are provided in or on a value and security document.
  • the LCR resonant circuit is in this case an electrical resonant circuit consisting of a coil with the inductance L, a capacitor with the capacitance C and an ohmic resistance R.
  • An electromagnetic radiation source for example an RFID reader or a simple transmitter, excites the LCR resonant circuit where heat is produced by specific power dissipation and determined directly or via a specific indicator reaction.
  • the specific indicator reaction takes place, for example, by a color change of a thermochromic ink layer inside and / or on the surface of the value and security document.
  • thermochromic ink layer is so slow that it can not be used in current banknote processing machines with processing speeds of up to 40 banknotes per second.
  • Such other heating may be, for example, a heat conduction via the hand, a radiation absorption of a lamp or an increased ambient temperature. Even if a heat conduction over the hand and an increased ambient temperature due to eg a color change temperature of eg + 45 ° C can be excluded, is due to capacitive effects, such as pollution and the nature of "in-hand-holding" of the security element, and Resistive effects due to creasing the exact resonant frequency and thus the absorbed energy of the LCR resonant circuit can not be determined. Thus, the warming and the associated proof of authenticity is uncertain.
  • thermochromic layer by means of an electrical heating element takes place.
  • This heating element is formed by a patterned resistive layer, which may consist of a plurality of separately controllable heating elements.
  • thermochromic layer is combined with an effect layer which has visually and / or machine-testable properties.
  • effect layers may be, for example, special luminescent or magnetic substances which are mixed, for example, with an ink.
  • the invention is therefore the object of developing a generic security element such that the disadvantages of the prior art is eliminated and the protection against counterfeiting is further increased.
  • the security element has an electrical circuit which has an ohmic resistance, wherein the thermochromic ink layer is arranged above the ohmic resistance. Furthermore, over the thermochromic ink layer, an optically variable ink layer is printed, which has polarizing liquid crystal pigments.
  • thermochromic ink layer covers a second information in addition to the first information.
  • the second information is not visible in a certain temperature range, for example, at the usual ambient temperature or at room temperature. Only when a second type of heat input, which is preferably different from the first type of heat input, takes place in the thermochromic ink layer is the second information recognizable.
  • a color change occurs in a different geometric distribution or geometrical pattern than in the second type of heat input.
  • thermochromic ink layer changes, and this particular one Area is particularly preferably executed in the geometric shape of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
  • the contour of this particular area forms the first information.
  • thermochromic ink layer In the second type of heat input, for example, when heated by a finger or a lamp, however, changes the entire surface of the thermochromic ink layer, which is exposed to the heating.
  • the second information is formed either by the outline contour of the surface having the color change, or additionally in a thermochromic color transition from color to colorless or transparent by a lying under the thermochromic ink layer printed image.
  • This print image is executed within the contour of the warming finger or light cone in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, for example as an arrangement of " €" symbols.
  • the first and second information preferably have a different information content, wherein the first and second information can be arranged directly above one another or against each other.
  • the first information may be a text or a number
  • the second information may be a colored area of an oval outline.
  • a different information content within the meaning of this invention is also present if the first and second information represent the same text, the same number, the same pattern, etc., but the respective elements have different sizes or different colors, or are rotated or shifted relative to one another.
  • the first and second information have the same information content.
  • the first and second information must be at different locations on the security element be arranged or may overlap only partially, otherwise the first and second information would have the same information content.
  • the first and second information each represent the number "50" in the same size, same font and color, but are more or less rotated against each other or arranged so that they are not congruent or not directly superimposed.
  • thermochromic ink layer may cover at least one other piece of information that is also not recognizable.
  • This further information can be recognized only in a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer, which is different from the first and second type of heat input.
  • a particular advantage is that three or more pieces of information, which either have the same information content at different locations or different information contents, can be "hidden" in the security element, whereby the protection against counterfeiting is further increased.
  • the invention comprises both a substrate with a security element and a data carrier with a substrate with a security element.
  • the data carrier is in particular a value document, such as a banknote, a security, a credit or identity card, a passport, a document and the like, a label, a packaging or another element for product assurance.
  • At least one information is arranged on one side of the substrate and at least one thermochromic color layer on the opposite side of the substrate. The heat transfer takes place through the substrate or security element.
  • thermochromic ink layer on the opposite side of the substrate, so that the counterfeit protection further increases. This is especially true if both the information and the thermochromic ink layer are integrated in the design of the security element or of the data carrier or in another security element.
  • the security element has at least one electrical circuit.
  • the electrical circuit in this case has at least one ohmic resistance, which is designed in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, wherein the thermochromic ink layer at least partially covers the ohmic resistance.
  • the ohmic resistances thus have the task of a heating element. They are arranged in a matrix arrangement or any outline shape, for example in the form of the number "50”, and overprinted with the thermochromic ink layer and thus hidden. Upon electrical excitation, the ohmic resistors heat the thermochromic ink layer, so that within the thermochromic ink layer, a different colored or transparently formed number "50" appears, corresponding in their shape and area of the number formed by the ohmic resistors number "50".
  • the electrical excitation takes place in an embodiment of the electrical circuit as an open circuit by direct galvanic contact with an electrical energy source.
  • this galvanic contact is made by contact between a battery and the electrical circuit.
  • the electrical excitation is preferably contactless via the coupling of electromagnetic radiation and more preferably via magnetic-inductive coupling of a field in the radio frequency range (RF).
  • the resonant frequency of the LCR resonant circuit or operating frequency of the corresponding transmitting antenna is preferably in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, preferably in the range of 5 MHz to 30 MHz and more preferably in the range of 13.56 MHz or 27 MHz.
  • the total resistance of the LCR resonant circuit is preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ to 1 k ⁇ , more preferably in the range of 150 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , of which the majority, preferably more than 70% and more preferably more than 90%, the ohmic resistances ,
  • the electrical circuit is also possible to form the electrical circuit as a film application in the form of a security label, a so-called patch, or security strip and then transferred to a substrate.
  • the individual ohmic resistors are preferably connected in parallel.
  • the ohmic resistors connected in parallel are supplemented by further ohmic resistors connected in series, so that a greater bandwidth of the responsiveness can initially be realized and also visualized by these resistors in a preferably different size and thus different power class.
  • suitable dimensioning can be achieved both a local, as well as time-resolved color change.
  • a resistance that "migrates" via the ohmic resistances results. Color change of the thermochromic ink layer. First, the first ohmic resistance heats up, then the next, etc.
  • the triggering speed of a heating element is dependent on its area or the heat capacity and the ohmic resistance and the difference between their trip temperature and the ambient temperature. For example, color changes more slowly in a larger element than in a smaller element; if the area is the same, an element with a large ohmic resistance triggers faster than with a low resistance element, as long as the elements are connected in series. With parallel connection it is vice versa.
  • a suitable design can be used to create a movement effect.
  • thermochromic layers of paint which have the same or different patterns, are printed one above the other on the electrical circuit, with the bottom, e.g. a transition temperature of + 50 ° C and the overhead e.g. of + 25 ° C.
  • thermochromic color layer In the case of an assumed color change of the underlying thermochromic color layer from green to blue and the upper thermochromic color layer from black to colorless, a color change from black to green occurs with thermal excitation by a finger and with electric stimulation with a greater energy input from black to blue , In the case of mixtures of thermochromic colors, it is thus also possible to achieve temporal / thermal continuous color transitions.
  • thermochromic liquid crystal pigments on a simple black background, rainbow colors appear depending on the current temperature.
  • time-varying colored images / patterns can be generated. Further explanations are in DE 10 2006 016 048 specified.
  • thermochromic ink in the ground state at ambient or ambient temperature is used as the upper visible layer
  • an additional overprinting of a polarizing effect ink, as used in US Pat DE 10243650 A1 or WO 2004028824 A2 is described.
  • the black surface is aesthetically resolved
  • the polarization of the reflected light is an additional safeguard.
  • a particular advantage of the invention arises when in the near future RFID labels will increasingly find use also on individual retail packaging.
  • corresponding RFID readers at checkout terminals will be as common as nowadays barcode scanners or UV lamps for authentication of banknotes.
  • all banknotes of a banknote or plant stack are excited by radio frequency irradiation and then the thermochromic color change of each individual banknote is evaluated by machine.
  • Fig.1 shows a banknote or a chip card, which consists of a substrate 1, on which a thermochromic ink layer 2 is applied in the form of an oval surface.
  • the thermochromic ink layer 2 In the ground state, ie at room or ambient temperature, the thermochromic ink layer 2 is opaque and has a certain color, for example green. If a viewer places a finger on the thermochromic ink layer 2, changes accordingly 1b shows the corresponding area 3 its opacity and is colorless, so that the lying under the thermochromic ink layer 2 substrate 1 is visible. If an imprint in the form of several " €" symbols is present on the substrate 1, then Fig. 2a the arranged in area 3 " €" symbols 6 visible.
  • thermochromic ink layer 2 is irradiated by a large-area heat source, the entire region 4 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its opacity and becomes colorless. This results in a transparent oval surface, in accordance with Fig. 1c the surface of the substrate 1 or according to Fig. 2b the arranged in this area " €" symbols 7 are visible.
  • the contours of the region 3 or the surface 4 in conjunction with the surface of the lying below the thermochromic ink layer 2 substrate in this case correspond to the second information according to the invention.
  • thermochromic ink layer 2 ohmic resistances of an electrical circuit, which are arranged in the form of the number "50". Now, if electrical energy is coupled into the electrical circuit, the ohmic resistors heat up, so that in a region 5, the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its color from green to transparent. Thus, within the green thermochromic ink layer 2, a transparent region 5 in the form of the number "50" appears.
  • the region 5 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 in this case corresponds to the first information according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical circuit in the form of an open circuit with galvanic energy coupling.
  • the electrical circuit consists of galvanic contacts 10, tracks 9 made of a low-resistance material, such as silver, and ohmic resistors Ri, whose surface 8 is formed in the form of the number "50".
  • the ohmic resistors Ri are arranged completely below the thermochromic ink layer 2 and centrally within the oval outline.
  • the galvanic contacts 10, however, are not and the traces 9 only partially below the thermochromic ink layer. 2
  • Fig. 4 shows one too Fig. 3 Alternative embodiment in which the electrical circuit is designed as an electrical resonant circuit 11.
  • the electrical resonant circuit consists of a coil with the inductance L, a Capacitor with the capacitance C and ohmic resistors Ri.
  • the capacitor is preferably designed as an additional conductive surface elements and / or as a hologram patch, so that the capacitor can be advantageously designed as another located on the banknote security element.
  • the heating resistor is formed as a series circuit of five individual ohmic resistors R1 to R5, wherein the resistance value from the ohmic resistance R1 to the ohmic resistance R5 decreases steadily, ie R1>R2>R3>R4> R5 (the resistance of the ohmic resistance R1 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R2, that of the ohmic resistance R2 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R3, that of the ohmic resistance R3 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R4 and that of the ohmic resistance R4 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R5).
  • the resistance values are thus formed cascade-like, so that when there is a coupling of electrical energy in the circuit, a locally migrating color change from R1 to R2 results after R3 to R4 to R5.
  • Fig. 6 shows one of several possible variants of a layer structure of a security element according to the invention, which is additionally overprinted with a color layer.
  • a layer structure of a security element which is additionally overprinted with a color layer.
  • printed conductors 13 which consist of a low-resistance conductive material, such as silver.
  • a layer 14 is printed with medium conductivity, for example, a graphite color.
  • the conductor tracks 13 and the layer 14 form the ohmic resistance with the corresponding electrical connections.
  • the layer sequence of the interconnects 13 and the layer 14 can be exchanged.
  • thermochromic ink layer 2 which has, for example, a color change from black to colorless or transparent.
  • an optically variable ink layer 15 is printed on the thermochromic ink layer.
  • the optically variable ink layer 15 includes, for example, polarizing liquid crystal pigments, so that the black surface is optically enhanced and due to the polarization of the reflected light is given an additional safeguard.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement, das mindestens eine thermochrome Farbschicht aufweist. Die thermochrome Farbschicht überdeckt eine erste Information, so dass die erste Information nicht erkennbar ist. Erst bei einer ersten Art von Wärmeeintrag in die thermochrome Farbschicht ist die erste Information erkennbar.The invention relates to a security element which has at least one thermochromic ink layer. The thermochromic ink layer covers a first information, so that the first information is not recognizable. Only with a first type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer is the first information recognizable.

Aus EP 1320 836 A2 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Sicherheitselement bekannt, bei dem in oder an einem Wert- und Sicherheitsdokument elektronische Bausteine in Form mindestens eines LCR-Schwingkreises vorgesehen sind. Der LCR-Schwingkreis ist hierbei ein elektrischer Schwingkreis, bestehend aus einer Spule mit der Induktivität L, einem Kondensator mit der Kapazität C und einem ohmschen Widerstand R. Eine elektromagnetische Strahlungsquelle, beispielsweise ein RFID-Lesegerät oder ein einfacher Sender, regt den LCR-Schwingkreis an, wobei durch spezifische Verlustleistung Wärme produziert und direkt oder über eine spezifische Indikatorreaktion ermittelt wird. Die spezifische Indikatorreaktion erfolgt beispielsweise durch einen Farbwechsel einer thermochromen Farbschicht innerhalb und/ oder auf der Oberfläche des Wert- und Sicherheitsdokumentes.Out EP 1320 836 A2 a generic security element is known in which electronic components in the form of at least one LCR resonant circuit are provided in or on a value and security document. The LCR resonant circuit is in this case an electrical resonant circuit consisting of a coil with the inductance L, a capacitor with the capacitance C and an ohmic resistance R. An electromagnetic radiation source, for example an RFID reader or a simple transmitter, excites the LCR resonant circuit where heat is produced by specific power dissipation and determined directly or via a specific indicator reaction. The specific indicator reaction takes place, for example, by a color change of a thermochromic ink layer inside and / or on the surface of the value and security document.

Dieses Sicherheitselement ist jedoch nicht als maschinenlesbares Merkmal geeignet. Der Farbwechsel der thermochromen Farbschicht läuft derart langsam ab, dass er in derzeit üblichen Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschinen mit Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten von bis zu 40 Banknoten pro Sekunde nicht anwendbar ist.However, this security element is not suitable as a machine-readable feature. The color change of the thermochromic ink layer is so slow that it can not be used in current banknote processing machines with processing speeds of up to 40 banknotes per second.

Besonders nachteilig ist jedoch, dass nicht unterschieden werden kann, ob die Erwärmung bzw. der Farbumschlag durch Absorption der elektromagnetischen Strahlung über die Antenne des RFID-Lesegerätes oder über anderweitige Erwärmung erfolgt. Eine derartige anderweitige Erwärmung kann beispielsweise eine Wärmeleitung über die Hand, eine Strahlungsabsorption einer Lampe oder eine erhöhte Umgebungstemperatur sein. Selbst wenn eine Wärmeleitung über die Hand und eine erhöhte Umgebungstemperatur aufgrund z.B. einer Farbumschlagstemperatur von z.B. +45°C ausgeschlossen werden kann, ist wegen kapazitiver Effekte, z.B. durch Verschmutzung und der Art des "In-der-Hand-Haltens" des Sicherheitselementes, und resistiver Effekte durch Verknitterung die genaue Resonanzfrequenz und damit die absorbierte Energie des LCR-Schwingkreises nicht festlegbar. Damit ist die Erwärmung und der damit verbundene Echtheitsnachweis unsicher.It is particularly disadvantageous, however, that it can not be distinguished whether the heating or the color change by absorption of the electromagnetic radiation via the antenna of the RFID reader or otherwise Heating takes place. Such other heating may be, for example, a heat conduction via the hand, a radiation absorption of a lamp or an increased ambient temperature. Even if a heat conduction over the hand and an increased ambient temperature due to eg a color change temperature of eg + 45 ° C can be excluded, is due to capacitive effects, such as pollution and the nature of "in-hand-holding" of the security element, and Resistive effects due to creasing the exact resonant frequency and thus the absorbed energy of the LCR resonant circuit can not be determined. Thus, the warming and the associated proof of authenticity is uncertain.

Aus DE 10 2006 001 487 A1 ist eine elektrisch steuerbare Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen einer darzustellenden Struktur bekannt, bei der ein Eintrag von Wärme in eine thermochrome Schicht mittels eines elektrischen Heizelements erfolgt. Dieses Heizelement wird durch eine strukturierte Widerstandsschicht gebildet, die aus einer Vielzahl von separat ansteuerbaren Heizelementen bestehen kann.Out DE 10 2006 001 487 A1 an electrically controllable display device for displaying a structure to be displayed is known, in which an entry of heat into a thermochromic layer by means of an electrical heating element takes place. This heating element is formed by a patterned resistive layer, which may consist of a plurality of separately controllable heating elements.

Aus DE 199 41 295 A1 ist ein Wertgegenstand mit einem Sicherheitselement bekannt, wobei das Sicherheitselement eine thermochrome Schicht aufweist. Das Sicherheitselement ist hierbei vollständig auf der Oberfläche des Wertgegenstandes angeordnet. Des Weiteren ist die thermochrome Schicht mit einer Effektschicht kombiniert, die visuell und/ oder maschinell prüfbare Eigenschaften aufweist. Bei diesen Effektschichten kann es sich beispielsweise um spezielle lumineszierende oder magnetische Stoffe handeln, die beispielsweise einer Druckfarbe beigemischt werden.Out DE 199 41 295 A1 a valuable item with a security element is known, wherein the security element has a thermochromic layer. The security element is in this case arranged completely on the surface of the valuable item. Furthermore, the thermochromic layer is combined with an effect layer which has visually and / or machine-testable properties. These effect layers may be, for example, special luminescent or magnetic substances which are mixed, for example, with an ink.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Sicherheitselement derart weiterzubilden, dass die Nachteile des Standes der Technik behoben und der Schutz gegenüber Fälschungen weiter erhöht wird.The invention is therefore the object of developing a generic security element such that the disadvantages of the prior art is eliminated and the protection against counterfeiting is further increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß weist das Sicherheitselement einen elektrischen Schaltkreis auf, der einen ohmschen Widerstand aufweist, wobei die thermochrome Farbschicht über dem ohmschen Widerstand angeordnet ist. Des Weiteren ist über die thermochrome Farbschicht eine optisch variable Farbschicht gedruckt ist, die polarisierende Flüssigkristallpigmente aufweist.According to the invention, the security element has an electrical circuit which has an ohmic resistance, wherein the thermochromic ink layer is arranged above the ohmic resistance. Furthermore, over the thermochromic ink layer, an optically variable ink layer is printed, which has polarizing liquid crystal pigments.

Die thermochrome Farbschicht überdeckt zusätzlich zu der ersten Information eine zweite Information. Auch die zweite Information ist in einem bestimmten Temperaturbereich nicht erkennbar, beispielsweise bei der üblichen Umgebungstemperatur oder bei Raumtemperatur. Erst wenn eine zweite Art von Wärmeeintrag, die bevorzugt von der ersten Art des Wärmeeintrages verschieden ist, in die thermochrome Farbschicht erfolgt ist die zweite Information erkennbar.The thermochromic ink layer covers a second information in addition to the first information. The second information is not visible in a certain temperature range, for example, at the usual ambient temperature or at room temperature. Only when a second type of heat input, which is preferably different from the first type of heat input, takes place in the thermochromic ink layer is the second information recognizable.

Somit erfolgt bei der ersten Art von Wärmeeintrag ein Farbumschlag in einer anderen geometrischen Verteilung oder einem anderen geometrischen Muster als bei der zweiten Art von Wärmeeintrag.Thus, in the first type of heat input, a color change occurs in a different geometric distribution or geometrical pattern than in the second type of heat input.

So ändert sich bei der ersten Art des Wärmeeintrages nur ein bestimmter Bereich innerhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht, wobei dieser bestimmte Bereich besonders bevorzugt in der geometrischen Form eines Musters, eines alphanumerischen Zeichens oder einer Bildes ausgeführt ist. Die Kontur dieses bestimmten Bereiches bildet die erste Information.Thus, in the first type of heat input, only a certain area within the thermochromic ink layer changes, and this particular one Area is particularly preferably executed in the geometric shape of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image. The contour of this particular area forms the first information.

Bei der zweiten Art von Wärmeeintrag, beispielsweise bei einer Erwärmung durch einen Finger oder eine Lampe, ändert sich hingegen die gesamte Fläche der thermochromen Farbschicht, die der Erwärmung ausgesetzt ist. Die zweite Information wird dabei entweder durch die Umrisskontur der Fläche gebildet, die den Farbwechsel aufweist, oder zusätzlich bei einem thermochromen Farbübergang von farbig nach farblos bzw. transparent durch ein unter der thermochromen Farbschicht liegendes Druckbild. Dieses Druckbild ist innerhalb der Kontur des erwärmenden Fingers bzw. Lichtkegels in Form eines Musters, eines alphanumerischen Zeichens oder einer Bildes ausgeführt, beispielsweise als Anordnung von "€"-Symbolen.In the second type of heat input, for example, when heated by a finger or a lamp, however, changes the entire surface of the thermochromic ink layer, which is exposed to the heating. The second information is formed either by the outline contour of the surface having the color change, or additionally in a thermochromic color transition from color to colorless or transparent by a lying under the thermochromic ink layer printed image. This print image is executed within the contour of the warming finger or light cone in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, for example as an arrangement of "€" symbols.

Die erste und zweite Information weisen bevorzugt einen unterschiedlichen Informationsgehalt auf, wobei die erste und zweite Information direkt übereinander oder gegeneinander verschoben angeordnet sein können. So kann beispielsweise die erste Information einen Text oder eine Zahl darstellen, wohingegen die zweite Information eine farbige Fläche mit ovaler Umrissform darstellt. Ein unterschiedlicher Informationsgehalt im Sinne dieser Erfindung liegt auch vor, wenn die erste und zweite Information zwar denselben Text, dieselbe Zahl, dasselbe Muster usw. darstellen, die jeweiligen Elemente jedoch unterschiedliche Größen oder unterschiedliche Farben aufweisen oder gegeneinander verdreht oder verschoben angeordnet sind.The first and second information preferably have a different information content, wherein the first and second information can be arranged directly above one another or against each other. For example, the first information may be a text or a number, whereas the second information may be a colored area of an oval outline. A different information content within the meaning of this invention is also present if the first and second information represent the same text, the same number, the same pattern, etc., but the respective elements have different sizes or different colors, or are rotated or shifted relative to one another.

Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass die erste und zweite Information den gleichen Informationsgehalt aufweisen. In diesem Fall müssen jedoch die erste und zweite Information an unterschiedlichen Orten auf dem Sicherheitselement angeordnet sein bzw. dürfen sich nur teilweise überlappen, da sonst die erste und zweite Information den gleichen Informationsgehalt aufweisen würden. Beispielsweise stellt die erste und zweite Information jeweils die Zahl "50" in gleicher Größe, gleicher Schriftart und gleicher Farbe dar, sind jedoch mehr oder weniger gegeneinander verdreht oder verschoben angeordnet, so dass sie nicht deckungsgleich bzw. nicht direkt übereinander angeordnet sind.Alternatively, it is also possible that the first and second information have the same information content. In this case, however, the first and second information must be at different locations on the security element be arranged or may overlap only partially, otherwise the first and second information would have the same information content. For example, the first and second information each represent the number "50" in the same size, same font and color, but are more or less rotated against each other or arranged so that they are not congruent or not directly superimposed.

Zusätzlich zu der ersten und zweiten Information kann die thermochrome Farbschicht mindestens eine weitere Information überdecken, die ebenfalls nicht erkennbar ist. Diese weitere Information ist erst bei einer weiteren Art von Wärmeeintrag in die thermochrome Farbschicht erkennbar, die von der ersten und zweiten Art der Wärmeeintrag verschieden ist. Als besonderer Vorteil ergibt sich, dass drei oder mehr Informationen, die entweder den gleichen Informationsgehalt an unterschiedlichen Orten oder unterschiedliche Informationsgehalte aufweisen, in dem Sicherheitselement "versteckt" werden können, wodurch der Fälschungsschutz weiter erhöht wird.In addition to the first and second information, the thermochromic ink layer may cover at least one other piece of information that is also not recognizable. This further information can be recognized only in a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer, which is different from the first and second type of heat input. A particular advantage is that three or more pieces of information, which either have the same information content at different locations or different information contents, can be "hidden" in the security element, whereby the protection against counterfeiting is further increased.

Die Erfindung umfasst sowohl ein Substrat mit einem Sicherheitselement als auch einen Datenträger mit einem Substrat mit einem Sicherheitselement. Der Datenträger ist hierbei insbesondere ein Wertdokument, wie beispielsweise eine Banknote, ein Wertpapier, eine Kredit- oder Ausweiskarte, ein Pass, eine Urkunde und Ähnliches, ein Label, eine Verpackung oder ein anderes Element für die Produktsicherung.The invention comprises both a substrate with a security element and a data carrier with a substrate with a security element. In this case, the data carrier is in particular a value document, such as a banknote, a security, a credit or identity card, a passport, a document and the like, a label, a packaging or another element for product assurance.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist mindestens eine Information auf einer Seite des Substrates und mindestens eine thermochrome Farbschicht auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Substrates angeordnet. Der Wärmeübertrag erfolgt dabei durch das Substrat oder Sicherheitselement hindurch.In an alternative embodiment, at least one information is arranged on one side of the substrate and at least one thermochromic color layer on the opposite side of the substrate. The heat transfer takes place through the substrate or security element.

Dies hat den Vorteil, dass ein potentieller Fälscher keinen Zusammenhang zwischen der Information auf der einen Seite des Substrates und der thermochromen Farbschicht auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Substrates erkennt, so dass sich der Fälschungsschutz weiter erhöht. Dies insbesondere dann, wenn sowohl die Information als auch die thermochrome Farbschicht in das Design des Sicherheitselementes oder des Datenträgers oder in ein anderes Sicherheitselement integriert sind.This has the advantage that a potential counterfeiter recognizes no correlation between the information on one side of the substrate and the thermochromic ink layer on the opposite side of the substrate, so that the counterfeit protection further increases. This is especially true if both the information and the thermochromic ink layer are integrated in the design of the security element or of the data carrier or in another security element.

Besonders weist das Sicherheitselement mindestens einen elektrischen Schaltkreis auf. Der elektrische Schaltkreis weist hierbei mindestens einen ohmschen Widerstand auf, der in Form eines Musters, eines alphanumerischen Zeichens oder einer Bildes ausgeführt ist, wobei die thermochrome Farbschicht den ohmschen Widerstand mindestens teilweise überdeckt. Bei Einkopplung von elektrischer Energie in den elektrischen Schaltkreis weisen somit nur die Bereiche der thermochromen Farbschicht einen Farbwechsel auf, die über und unmittelbar neben dem ohmschen Widerstand angeordnet sind. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass innerhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht mindestens Teile des Musters, des alphanumerischen Zeichens oder des Bildes des ohmschen Widerstandes erkennbar sind.In particular, the security element has at least one electrical circuit. The electrical circuit in this case has at least one ohmic resistance, which is designed in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, wherein the thermochromic ink layer at least partially covers the ohmic resistance. When coupling of electrical energy in the electrical circuit thus have only the areas of the thermochromic ink layer on a color change, which are arranged above and immediately adjacent to the ohmic resistance. This ensures that within the thermochromic ink layer at least parts of the pattern, the alphanumeric character or the image of the ohmic resistance can be seen.

Die ohmschen Widerstände haben somit die Aufgabe eines Heizelementes. Sie sind in einer Matrixanordnung oder einer beliebigen Umrissform angeordnet, beispielsweise in Form der Zahl "50", und mit der thermochromen Farbschicht überdruckt und somit verborgen. Bei elektrischer Anregung erwärmen die ohmschen Widerstände die thermochrome Farbschicht, so dass innerhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht eine andersfarbige oder transparent ausgeformte Zahl "50" erscheint, die in ihrer Form und Fläche der durch die ohmschen Widerstände geformten Zahl "50" entspricht.The ohmic resistances thus have the task of a heating element. They are arranged in a matrix arrangement or any outline shape, for example in the form of the number "50", and overprinted with the thermochromic ink layer and thus hidden. Upon electrical excitation, the ohmic resistors heat the thermochromic ink layer, so that within the thermochromic ink layer, a different colored or transparently formed number "50" appears, corresponding in their shape and area of the number formed by the ohmic resistors number "50".

Die elektrische Anregung erfolgt bei einer Ausführung des elektrischen Schaltkreises als offener Schaltkreis durch direkten galvanischen Kontakt mit einer elektrischen Energiequelle. Beispielsweise erfolgt dieser galvanische Kontakt durch einen Kontakt zwischen einer Batterie und dem elektrischen Schaltkreis.The electrical excitation takes place in an embodiment of the electrical circuit as an open circuit by direct galvanic contact with an electrical energy source. For example, this galvanic contact is made by contact between a battery and the electrical circuit.

Bei einem geschlossenen elektrischen Schaltkreis in Form eines Schwingkreises oder LCR-Schwingkreises erfolgt die elektrische Anregung bevorzugt kontaktlos über die Einkopplung elektromagnetischer Strahlung und besonders bevorzugt über magnetisch-induktive Kopplung eines Feldes im Radiofrequenzbereich (RF). Die Resonanzfrequenz des LCR-Schwingkreises bzw. Arbeitsfrequenz der entsprechenden Sendeantenne liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1 MHz bis 1 GHz, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 5 MHz bis 30 MHz und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich um 13,56 MHz oder um 27 MHz. Der Gesamtwiderstand des LCR-Schwingkreises liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 Ω bis 1 kΩ, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 Ω bis 500 Ω, wovon der Hauptanteil, bevorzugt mehr als 70 % und besonders bevorzugt mehr als 90 %, auf die ohmschen Widerstände entfällt.In a closed electrical circuit in the form of a resonant circuit or LCR resonant circuit, the electrical excitation is preferably contactless via the coupling of electromagnetic radiation and more preferably via magnetic-inductive coupling of a field in the radio frequency range (RF). The resonant frequency of the LCR resonant circuit or operating frequency of the corresponding transmitting antenna is preferably in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, preferably in the range of 5 MHz to 30 MHz and more preferably in the range of 13.56 MHz or 27 MHz. The total resistance of the LCR resonant circuit is preferably in the range of 100 Ω to 1 kΩ, more preferably in the range of 150 Ω to 500 Ω, of which the majority, preferably more than 70% and more preferably more than 90%, the ohmic resistances ,

Die einzelnen Bauteile des elektrischen Schaltkreises, wie die Leiterbahnen, die Spule, der Kondensator und die ohmschen Widerstände, werden bevorzugt drucktechnisch hergestellt, d.h. auf das Substrat aufgedruckt. So lassen sich die gedruckten ohmschen Widerstände beispielsweise wie folgt herstellen und dimensionieren:

  1. (a) durch leitfähige Farbe auf Basis von Kohlenstoff/Graphit, wobei die Einstellung des erwünschten Widerstands über die Linienbreite, die Liniendichte, die Schichtdicke oder die Länge der Leiterbahn der ohmschen Widerstände erfolgt,
  2. (b) durch leitfähige Polymere, z.B. PEDOT (Baytron® von H.C.Starck oder ORCACON® von AGFA), wobei die Einstellung des erwünschten Widerstandswertes über die Linienbreite, die Liniendichte oder die Schichtdicke der Leiterbahn der ohmschen Widerstände erfolgt,
  3. (c) durch stark verjüngte Leiterbahnen aus demselben niedrigohmigen Material, aus dem auch andere Komponenten des Schaltkreises bestehen, wie beispielsweise Silber,
  4. (d) oder im Falle (a) und (b) anstelle eines Aufbaus aus diskreten Elementen aus Leiterbahnstegen aus flächig gedruckten Elementen. Die Einstellung des erwünschten Widerstands erfolgt hierbei über die Schichtdicke des Aufdrucks.
The individual components of the electrical circuit, such as the conductor tracks, the coil, the capacitor and the ohmic resistances, are preferably produced by printing technology, that is printed on the substrate. For example, the printed ohmic resistors can be manufactured and dimensioned as follows:
  1. (a) by conductive paint based on carbon / graphite, wherein the setting of the desired resistance over the line width, the line density, the layer thickness or the length of the trace of the resistive resistors,
  2. (b) by conductive polymers, eg PEDOT (Baytron® from HCStarck or ORCACON® from AGFA), whereby the setting of the desired resistance value takes place via the line width, the line density or the layer thickness of the conductor track of the ohmic resistors,
  3. (c) by highly tapered tracks of the same low-resistance material that make up other components of the circuit, such as silver,
  4. (d) or in the case of (a) and (b) instead of a construction of discrete elements made of printed circuit board webs of sheet-printed elements. The desired resistance is set via the layer thickness of the imprint.

Anstelle einer direkten drucktechnischen Aufbringung auf das Substrat ist es auch möglich den elektrischen Schaltkreis als Folienapplikation in Form eines Sicherheitsetiketts, einem sogenannten Patch, oder Sicherheitsstreifens auszubilden und anschließend auf ein Substrat zu übertragen.Instead of a direct printing technology application to the substrate, it is also possible to form the electrical circuit as a film application in the form of a security label, a so-called patch, or security strip and then transferred to a substrate.

Die einzelnen ohmschen Widerstände sind vorzugsweise parallel geschaltet. Besonders bevorzugt werden die parallel geschalteten ohmschen Widerstände durch weitere in Reihe geschalteter ohmscher Widerstände ergänzt, so dass sich durch diese Widerstände in vorzugsweise verschiedener Größe und damit verschiedener Leistungsklasse zunächst eine größere Bandbreite der Ansprechempfindlichkeit realisieren und auch visualisieren lässt. Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung lässt sich dabei ein sowohl orts-, als auch zeitaufgelöster Farbwechsel erreichen. So ergibt sich beispielsweise bei einer "kaskadenartigen" Anordnung von in Reihe geschalteten ohmschen Widerständen mit von ohmschem Widerstand zu ohmschem Widerstand abnehmendem Widerstandswert ein über die ohmschen Widerstände "wandernder" Farbwechsel der thermochromen Farbschicht. Zunächst erwärmt sich der erste ohmsche Widerstand, dann der nächste usw.The individual ohmic resistors are preferably connected in parallel. Particularly preferably, the ohmic resistors connected in parallel are supplemented by further ohmic resistors connected in series, so that a greater bandwidth of the responsiveness can initially be realized and also visualized by these resistors in a preferably different size and thus different power class. With suitable dimensioning can be achieved both a local, as well as time-resolved color change. Thus, for example, in the case of a "cascade-like" arrangement of ohmic resistors connected in series with a resistance value decreasing from an ohmic resistance to an ohmic resistance, a resistance that "migrates" via the ohmic resistances results. Color change of the thermochromic ink layer. First, the first ohmic resistance heats up, then the next, etc.

Die Auslösegeschwindigkeit eines Heizelements ist abhängig von seiner Fläche bzw. der Wärmekapazität und dem ohmschen Widerstand und der Differenz zwischen der ihrer Auslösetemperatur und der Umgebungstemperatur. So schlägt bei einem größeren Element die Farbe langsamer um als bei einem kleineren; bei gleicher Fläche löst ein Element mit großem ohmschen Widerstand schneller aus, als bei einem mit geringem Widerstand, sofern die Elemente in Reihe geschaltet werden. Bei Parallelschaltung ist es umgekehrt. Durch geeignetes Design lässt sich so ein Bewegungseffekt erzeugen.The triggering speed of a heating element is dependent on its area or the heat capacity and the ohmic resistance and the difference between their trip temperature and the ambient temperature. For example, color changes more slowly in a larger element than in a smaller element; if the area is the same, an element with a large ohmic resistance triggers faster than with a low resistance element, as long as the elements are connected in series. With parallel connection it is vice versa. A suitable design can be used to create a movement effect.

Neben der beschriebenen geometrischen Differenzierung des Farbwechsels nach Anregung und der zeitlichen Abfolge, besteht bei geeignetem Schichtaufbau auch die Möglichkeit einer Differenzierung nach Temperatur bzw. Erwärmung. Dabei werden beispielsweise zwei thermochrome Farbschichten, die das gleiche oder verschiedene Muster aufweisen, übereinander liegend auf den elektrischen Schaltkreis gedruckt, wobei die unten liegende z.B. eine Übergangstemperatur von +50°C und die oben liegende z.B. von +25°C hat. Bei einem angenommenen Farbwechsel der unten liegenden thermochromen Farbschicht von grün zu blau und der oben liegenden thermochromen Farbschicht von schwarz zu farblos ergibt sich somit bei thermischer Anregung durch einen Finger ein Farbwechsel von schwarz zu grün und bei elektrischer Anregung mit einem größeren Energieeintrag von schwarz zu blau. Bei Gemischen thermochromer Farben lassen sich derart auch zeitlich/ thermisch kontinuierliche Farbübergänge erzielen.In addition to the described geometric differentiation of the color change after excitation and the time sequence, there is also the possibility of differentiation according to temperature or heating with a suitable layer structure. In this example, two thermochromic layers of paint, which have the same or different patterns, are printed one above the other on the electrical circuit, with the bottom, e.g. a transition temperature of + 50 ° C and the overhead e.g. of + 25 ° C. In the case of an assumed color change of the underlying thermochromic color layer from green to blue and the upper thermochromic color layer from black to colorless, a color change from black to green occurs with thermal excitation by a finger and with electric stimulation with a greater energy input from black to blue , In the case of mixtures of thermochromic colors, it is thus also possible to achieve temporal / thermal continuous color transitions.

Wird anstelle des vorher erwähnten Umschlags von schwarz zu farblos eine Farbe mit thermochromen Flüssigkristallpigmenten auf einem einfachen schwarzen Untergrund verwendet, so erscheinen je nach aktueller Temperatur Regenbogenfarben. Durch Variation von Fläche und Widerstand und deren gezielte Anordnung können so sich zeitlich verändernde farbige Bilder/Muster erzeugt werden. Weitere Ausführungen hierzu sind in DE 10 2006 016 048 angegeben.If, instead of the aforementioned change from black to colorless, a color with thermochromic liquid crystal pigments on a simple black background, rainbow colors appear depending on the current temperature. By varying the area and resistance and their targeted arrangement, time-varying colored images / patterns can be generated. Further explanations are in DE 10 2006 016 048 specified.

Kommt eine im Grundzustand bei Raum- oder Umgebungstemperatur schwarze thermochrome Farbe als oben liegende sichtbare Schicht zum Einsatz, so erfolgt vorteilhafterweise eine zusätzlicher Überdruck einer polarisierenden Effektfarbe, wie sie in DE 10243650 A1 oder WO 2004028824 A2 beschrieben ist. Hierdurch wird einerseits die schwarze Fläche ästhetisch aufgelöst, andererseits stellt die Polarisierung des reflektierten Lichtes eine zusätzliche Absicherung dar.If a black thermochromic ink in the ground state at ambient or ambient temperature is used as the upper visible layer, an additional overprinting of a polarizing effect ink, as used in US Pat DE 10243650 A1 or WO 2004028824 A2 is described. As a result, on the one hand, the black surface is aesthetically resolved, on the other hand, the polarization of the reflected light is an additional safeguard.

Bei geeigneter Strukturierung ist es auch möglich, das Bild, Zeichen, Muster oder dergleichen auch nach dem Drucken noch individuell zu bearbeiten bzw. zu ändern. Damit ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, das erfindungsgemäße Merkmal mit einer anderen individuellen Kennung, z.B. einer Zifferung, zu verbinden. Als Beispiel sei eine Ziffer in Form einer üblichen 7-Segment-Anzeige beschrieben, über die vollflächig eine thermochrome Schicht aufgebracht ist. In Grundzustand sind alle Segmente kontaktiert und mit dem elektrischen Schaltkreis verbunden, so dass bei elektrischer Energieeinkopplung die Ziffer 8 erscheint. Durch selektives Abtrennen einzelner Segmente lassen sich nun auch alle anderen Ziffern von 0 bis 9 darstellen. Dies kann z.B. die Prüfziffer einer herkömmlichen Bezifferung mittels Buchdruck- bzw. Hochdruck- oder Ink-Jet-Druckverfahren oder Laser sein. Die Abtrennung der jeweiligen Segmente geschieht vorteilhaft mittels eines Lasers durch Ablation kleiner Anschnitte an den Knotenpunkten der betreffenden Leiterbahnen der 7-Segment-Anzeige.With suitable structuring, it is also possible to edit or change the image, characters, patterns or the like even after printing. This results in the possibility of combining the feature according to the invention with another individual identifier, for example a numbering. As an example, a number in the form of a conventional 7-segment display is described, over the entire surface of a thermochromic layer is applied. In the ground state, all segments are contacted and connected to the electrical circuit, so that when electrical Energieeinkopplung the number 8 appears. By selectively separating individual segments, all other digits from 0 to 9 can now be displayed. This can be, for example, the check digit of a conventional numbering by letterpress or high-pressure or ink-jet printing process or laser. The separation of the respective segments is advantageously done by means of a laser ablation Small cuts at the nodes of the relevant tracks of the 7-segment display.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung ergibt sich, wenn in mittlerer Zukunft RFID-Etiketten auch auf Einzelverpackungen im Einzelhandel zunehmend Verwendung finden wird. Damit werden entsprechende RFID-Lesegeräte an Kassenterminals ebenso gängig sein, wie heutzutage Barcode-Scanner oder UV-Lampen zur Echtheitserkennung von Banknoten. Unter Zuhilfenahme dieser RFID-Lesegeräte lässt sich nun für Wertdokumente, die über das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement verfügen, eine neuartige Prüfung zur Echtheitserkennung realisieren. Zusätzliche Attraktivität gewinnt dieses Merkmal, wenn zukünftig RFID-Leser auch in Mobiltelefone integriert werden.A particular advantage of the invention arises when in the near future RFID labels will increasingly find use also on individual retail packaging. Thus, corresponding RFID readers at checkout terminals will be as common as nowadays barcode scanners or UV lamps for authentication of banknotes. With the aid of these RFID readers, it is now possible to realize a novel test for authentication of authenticity for documents of value which have the security element according to the invention. This feature will be even more attractive if RFID readers are also integrated into mobile phones in the future.

Für eine Maschinenlesbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements werden alle Banknoten eines Banknoten- bzw. Anlagestapels per Radiofrequenzeinstrahlung angeregt und anschließend maschinell die thermochrome Farbveränderung jeder einzelnen Banknote ausgewertet.For machine readability of the security element according to the invention, all banknotes of a banknote or plant stack are excited by radio frequency irradiation and then the thermochromic color change of each individual banknote is evaluated by machine.

Anhand der nachfolgenden Ausführungsvarianten bzw. Beispiele und den ergänzenden Figuren werden die Vorteile der Erfindung erläutert. Die beschriebenen Einzelmerkmale und nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele sind für sich genommen erfinderisch, aber auch in Kombination erfinderisch. Die Beispiele stellen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen dar, auf die jedoch die Erfindung in keinerlei Weise beschränkt sein soll.Reference to the following embodiments or examples and the additional figures, the advantages of the invention will be explained. The described individual features and embodiments described below are inventive in their own right, but are also inventive in combination. The examples illustrate preferred embodiments, to which, however, the invention should not be limited in any way.

Des Weiteren sind die Darstellungen in den Figuren des besseren Verständnisses wegen stark schematisiert und spiegeln nicht die realen Gegebenheiten wider. Insbesondere entsprechen die in den Figuren gezeigten Proportionen nicht den in der Realität vorliegenden Verhältnissen und dienen ausschließlich zur Verbesserung der Anschaulichkeit. Des Weiteren sind die in den folgenden Beispielen beschriebenen Ausführungsformen der besseren Verständlichkeit wegen auf die wesentlichen Kerninformationen reduziert. Bei der praktischen Umsetzung können wesentlich komplexere Muster oder Bilder zur Anwendung kommen.Furthermore, the representations in the figures of better understanding are highly schematized and do not reflect the realities. In particular, the proportions shown in the figures correspond not the actual conditions in reality and serve only to improve the clarity. Furthermore, the embodiments described in the following examples are reduced to the essential core information for ease of understanding. In the practical implementation much more complex patterns or images can be used.

Im Einzelnen zeigen die Figuren schematisch:

Fig.1
eine prinzipielle Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements und hierbei in
Fig. 1a mit einer thermochromen Farbschicht im Grundzustand,
Fig.1b bei Berührung und Erwärmung der thermochromen     Farbschicht mit einem Finger,
Fig. 1c bei großflächiger Erwärmung der thermochromen Farb    schicht mit einer Lampe,
Fig.1d die thermochrome Farbschicht bei Anregung eines teil    weise darunterliegenden elektrischen Schaltkreises mit     elektrischer Energie,
Fig. 2
eine Variante zur Ausführung aus Fig. 1, bei der unter der thermochromen Schicht eine Information in Form von "€"-Symbolen aufgedruckt ist, und hierbei in
Fig. 2a bei Berührung und Erwärmung der thermochromen     Farbschicht mit einem Finger,
Fig. 2b bei großflächiger Erwärmung der thermochromen Farb    schicht mit einer Lampe,
Fig. 3
einen Aufbau eines offenen elektrischen Schaltkreises,
Fig. 4
einen Aufbau eines elektrischen Schwingkreises,
Fig. 5
eine Variante der Ausführung aus Fig. 4, wobei der gesamte ohmsche Widerstand aus fünf in Reihe geschalteter Widerstände gebildet wird,
Fig. 6
einen Schichtaufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements, das zusätzlich mit einer optisch variablen Farbschicht überdruckt ist.
In detail, the figures show schematically:
Fig.1
a schematic representation of the security element according to the invention and here in
1a with a thermochromic color layer in the ground state,
1b with contact and heating of the thermochromic ink layer with a finger,
1c for large-scale heating of the thermochromic color layer with a lamp,
1 d, the thermochromic ink layer upon excitation of a partially underlying electrical circuit with electrical energy,
Fig. 2
a variant to run out Fig. 1 in which under the thermochromic layer information in the form of "€" symbols is printed, and here in
2a with contact and heating of the thermochromic ink layer with a finger,
2b for large-scale heating of the thermochromic color layer with a lamp,
Fig. 3
a construction of an open electrical circuit,
Fig. 4
a structure of an electrical resonant circuit,
Fig. 5
a variant of the execution Fig. 4 in which the total ohmic resistance is formed by five series-connected resistors,
Fig. 6
a layer structure of a security element according to the invention, which is additionally overprinted with an optically variable ink layer.

Fig.1 zeigt eine Banknote oder eine Chipkarte, die aus einem Substrat 1 besteht, auf das eine thermochrome Farbschicht 2 in Form einer ovalen Fläche aufgebracht ist. Im Grundzustand, d.h. bei Raum- oder Umgebungstemperatur, ist die thermochrome Farbschicht 2 opak und weist eine bestimmte Farbe auf, beispielsweise grün. Legt ein Betrachter einen Finger auf die thermochrome Farbschicht 2, ändert gemäß Fig.1b der entsprechende Bereich 3 seine Opazität und wird farblos, so dass das unter der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 liegende Substrat 1 sichtbar wird. Befindet sich auf dem Substrat 1 ein Aufdruck in Form von mehreren "€"-Symbolen, werden gemäß Fig. 2a die im Bereich 3 angeordneten "€"-Symbole 6 sichtbar. Wird die thermochrome Farbschicht 2 hingegen durch eine großflächige Wärmequelle bestrahlt, wechselt der gesamte Bereich 4 der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 seine Opazität und wird farblos. Es ergibt sich eine transparente ovale Fläche, in der gemäß Fig. 1c die Oberfläche des Substrates 1 bzw. gemäß Fig. 2b die in diesem Bereich angeordneten "€"-Symbole 7 sichtbar werden. Fig.1 shows a banknote or a chip card, which consists of a substrate 1, on which a thermochromic ink layer 2 is applied in the form of an oval surface. In the ground state, ie at room or ambient temperature, the thermochromic ink layer 2 is opaque and has a certain color, for example green. If a viewer places a finger on the thermochromic ink layer 2, changes accordingly 1b shows the corresponding area 3 its opacity and is colorless, so that the lying under the thermochromic ink layer 2 substrate 1 is visible. If an imprint in the form of several "€" symbols is present on the substrate 1, then Fig. 2a the arranged in area 3 "€" symbols 6 visible. If, on the other hand, the thermochromic ink layer 2 is irradiated by a large-area heat source, the entire region 4 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its opacity and becomes colorless. This results in a transparent oval surface, in accordance with Fig. 1c the surface of the substrate 1 or according to Fig. 2b the arranged in this area "€" symbols 7 are visible.

Die Konturen des Bereiches 3 bzw. der Fläche 4 in Verbindung mit der Oberfläche des unter der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 liegenden Substrates entsprechen hierbei der erfindungsgemäßen zweiten Information.The contours of the region 3 or the surface 4 in conjunction with the surface of the lying below the thermochromic ink layer 2 substrate in this case correspond to the second information according to the invention.

Zusätzlich befinden sich entsprechend Fig. 3 und 4 unterhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 ohmsche Widerstände eines elektrischen Schaltkreises, die in Form der Zahl "50" angeordnet sind. Wird nun elektrische Energie in den elektrischen Schaltkreis eingekoppelt, erwärmen sich die ohmschen Widerstände, so dass in einem Bereich 5 die thermochrome Farbschicht 2 ihre Farbe von grün nach transparent wechselt. Somit erscheint innerhalb der grünen thermochromen Farbschicht 2 ein transparenter Bereich 5 in Form der Zahl "50".In addition, there are accordingly 3 and 4 below the thermochromic ink layer 2 ohmic resistances of an electrical circuit, which are arranged in the form of the number "50". Now, if electrical energy is coupled into the electrical circuit, the ohmic resistors heat up, so that in a region 5, the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its color from green to transparent. Thus, within the green thermochromic ink layer 2, a transparent region 5 in the form of the number "50" appears.

Der Bereich 5 der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 entspricht hierbei der erfindungsgemäßen ersten Information.The region 5 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 in this case corresponds to the first information according to the invention.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des elektrischen Schaltkreises in Form eines offenen Schaltkreises mit galvanischer Energieeinkopplung. Der elektrische Schaltkreis besteht aus galvanischen Kontakten 10, Leiterbahnen 9 aus einem niedrigohmigen Material, beispielsweise Silber, und ohmschen Widerständen Ri, deren Fläche 8 in Form der Zahl "50" ausgebildet ist. Die ohmschen Widerstände Ri sind vollständig unterhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht 2 und mittig innerhalb der ovalen Umrissform angeordnet. Die galvanischen Kontakte 10 befinden sich hingegen nicht und die Leiterbahnen 9 nur teilweise unterhalb der thermochromen Farbschicht 2. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical circuit in the form of an open circuit with galvanic energy coupling. The electrical circuit consists of galvanic contacts 10, tracks 9 made of a low-resistance material, such as silver, and ohmic resistors Ri, whose surface 8 is formed in the form of the number "50". The ohmic resistors Ri are arranged completely below the thermochromic ink layer 2 and centrally within the oval outline. The galvanic contacts 10, however, are not and the traces 9 only partially below the thermochromic ink layer. 2

Fig. 4 zeigt eine zu Fig. 3 alternative Ausführungsform, bei der der elektrische Schaltkreis als elektrischer Schwingkreis 11 ausgebildet ist. Der elektrische Schwingkreis besteht hierbei aus einer Spule mit der Induktivität L, einem Kondensator mit der Kapazität C und ohmschen Widerständen Ri. Der Kondensator ist bevorzugt als zusätzliche leitfähige Flächenelemente oder/ und als Hologramm-Patch ausgebildet, so dass der Kondensator vorteilhaft als ein weiteres auf der Banknote befindliches Sicherheitselement ausgebildet sein kann. Fig. 4 shows one too Fig. 3 Alternative embodiment in which the electrical circuit is designed as an electrical resonant circuit 11. The electrical resonant circuit consists of a coil with the inductance L, a Capacitor with the capacitance C and ohmic resistors Ri. The capacitor is preferably designed as an additional conductive surface elements and / or as a hologram patch, so that the capacitor can be advantageously designed as another located on the banknote security element.

In Fig. 5 ist der Heizwiderstand als Reihenschaltung von fünf einzelnen ohmschen Widerständen R1 bis R5 ausgebildet, wobei der Widerstandswert vom ohmschen Widerstand R1 zum ohmschen Widerstand R5 hin ständig abnimmt, d.h. R1 > R2 > R3 > R4 > R5 (der Widerstandswert des ohmschen Widerstandes R1 ist größer ist als derjenige des ohmschen Widerstandes R2, der des ohmschen Widerstandes R2 größer ist als der des ohmschen Widerstandes R3, der des ohmschen Widerstandes R3 größer ist als der des ohmschen Widerstandes R4 und der des ohmschen Widerstandes R4 größer ist als der des ohmschen Widerstandes R5). Die Widerstandswerte sind also kaskadenartig ausgebildet, so dass sich bei Einkopplung von elektrischer Energie in den Stromkreis ein örtlich wandernder Farbumschlag von R1 nach R2 nach R3 nach R4 nach R5 ergibt.In Fig. 5 the heating resistor is formed as a series circuit of five individual ohmic resistors R1 to R5, wherein the resistance value from the ohmic resistance R1 to the ohmic resistance R5 decreases steadily, ie R1>R2>R3>R4> R5 (the resistance of the ohmic resistance R1 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R2, that of the ohmic resistance R2 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R3, that of the ohmic resistance R3 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R4 and that of the ohmic resistance R4 is greater than that of the ohmic resistance R5). The resistance values are thus formed cascade-like, so that when there is a coupling of electrical energy in the circuit, a locally migrating color change from R1 to R2 results after R3 to R4 to R5.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine von mehreren möglichen Varianten eines Schichtaufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements, das zusätzlich mit einer Farbschicht überdruckt ist. Hierbei werden auf ein Substrat 12 Leiterbahnen 13 gedruckt, die aus einem niederohmig leitfähigen Material, beispielsweise Silber, bestehen. Auf die Leiterbahnen 13 wird eine Schicht 14 mit mittlerer Leitfähigkeit gedruckt, beispielsweise eine Graphitfarbe. Die Leiterbahnen 13 und die Schicht 14 bilden den ohmschen Widerstand mit den entsprechenden elektrischen Anschlüssen. Fig. 6 shows one of several possible variants of a layer structure of a security element according to the invention, which is additionally overprinted with a color layer. In this case, printed on a substrate 12 printed conductors 13, which consist of a low-resistance conductive material, such as silver. On the interconnects 13, a layer 14 is printed with medium conductivity, for example, a graphite color. The conductor tracks 13 and the layer 14 form the ohmic resistance with the corresponding electrical connections.

Bei Beibehaltung der Funktion des Sicherheitselements kann beispielsweise die Schichtfolge der Leiterbahnen 13 und der Schicht 14 getauscht werden.When maintaining the function of the security element, for example, the layer sequence of the interconnects 13 and the layer 14 can be exchanged.

Der ohmsche Widerstand wird mit einer thermochromen Farbschicht 2 überdruckt, die beispielsweise einen Farbwechsel von schwarz nach farblos bzw. transparent aufweist. Abschließend wird über die thermochrome Farbschicht eine optisch variable Farbschicht 15 gedruckt. Die optisch variable Farbschicht 15 beinhaltet beispielsweise polarisierende Flüssigkristallpigmente, so dass die schwarze Fläche optisch aufgewertet wird und aufgrund der Polarisation des reflektierten Lichtes eine zusätzliche Absicherung gegeben ist.The ohmic resistance is overprinted with a thermochromic ink layer 2, which has, for example, a color change from black to colorless or transparent. Finally, an optically variable ink layer 15 is printed on the thermochromic ink layer. The optically variable ink layer 15 includes, for example, polarizing liquid crystal pigments, so that the black surface is optically enhanced and due to the polarization of the reflected light is given an additional safeguard.

Claims (14)

  1. A security element having at least one thermochromic ink layer (2), wherein the thermochromic ink layer (2) covers a first information item (5) formed by a contour of a region within the thermochromic ink layer (2), such that the first information item (5) is not recognizable, wherein the first information item (5) is recognizable upon a first type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), wherein the thermochromic ink layer (2) additionally covers a second information item (3, 4) formed by the outline contour of the surface having the color change, or formed upon a thermochromic color transition from colored to colorless or transparent by a printed image disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer (2), such that the second information item (3, 4) is not recognizable, wherein the second information item (3, 4) is recognizable upon a second type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), wherein the second type of heat input differs from the first type of heat input, and upon the first type of heat input a color shift takes place in a different geometric distribution or a different geometric pattern than upon the second type of heat input, characterized in that the security element has an electrical circuit having an ohmic resistor (13, 14), wherein the thermochromic ink layer (2) is arranged above the ohmic resistor (13, 14), and wherein above the thermochromic ink layer (2) an optically variable ink layer (15) is printed which has polarizing liquid crystal pigments.
  2. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (5) and the second (3, 4) information item have a different information content.
  3. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (5) and second (3, 4) information item have the same information content and are arranged in different places on the security element.
  4. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first (5) and/or second (3, 4) information item is executed in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
  5. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermochromic ink layer (2) covers at least one further information item, such that the further information item is not recognizable, wherein the further information item is recognizable upon a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), said type of heat input being different from the first and second type of heat input.
  6. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element has at least one electrical circuit, wherein
    - the electrical circuit has at least one ohmic resistor (Ri) executed in the geometric form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image,
    - the thermochromic ink layer (2) covers the ohmic resistor at least partially, such that
    - upon coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit only those regions of the thermochromic ink layer (2) have a color change which are arranged above and immediately next to the ohmic resistor (Ri), such that within the thermochromic ink layer (2) at least parts of the pattern, of the alphanumeric character or of the image of the ohmic resistor (Ri) are recognizable.
  7. The security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrical circuit is open and the coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit takes place galvanically.
  8. The security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrical circuit is closed and the coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit takes place via electromagnetic radiation or via magnetic-inductive coupling.
  9. The security element according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical circuit is an electrical oscillating circuit (11), preferably an LCR oscillating circuit.
  10. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element is arranged on a substrate (1).
  11. The security element according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one information item is arranged on one side of the substrate (1) and at least one thermochromic ink layer (2) is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate (1).
  12. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermochromic ink layer (2) is executed in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
  13. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second information item (3, 4) is printed onto the security element.
  14. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second type of heat input takes place by body heat, preferably by a finger or the hand of a user, or by a large-area heat source, for example a lamp or a radiant heater.
EP09716143.4A 2008-02-27 2009-02-16 Valuable document with protection against forgery by way of thermochromic indicator Not-in-force EP2248111B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008011299A DE102008011299A1 (en) 2008-02-27 2008-02-27 Value document with counterfeit protection by thermochromic display.
PCT/EP2009/001064 WO2009106242A1 (en) 2008-02-27 2009-02-16 Valuable document with protection against forgery by way of thermochromic indicator

Publications (2)

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EP2248111A1 EP2248111A1 (en) 2010-11-10
EP2248111B1 true EP2248111B1 (en) 2016-07-13

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EP (1) EP2248111B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101960495B (en)
CA (1) CA2716892A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008011299A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2511575C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009106242A1 (en)

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DE102010054053A1 (en) 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Data carrier, security element and method for influencing the color change of thermochromic color layers
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FR3027845B1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2016-12-30 Fasver METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DATA CARRIER AND DATA CARRIER THUS OBTAINED
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FR3057694A1 (en) * 2016-10-13 2018-04-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives DISPLAY SCREEN COMPRISING A HEATING LAYER BASED ON POLY (THIO- OR SELENO-) PHENIC POLYMERS
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RU2511575C2 (en) 2014-04-10
CA2716892A1 (en) 2009-09-03
RU2010139579A (en) 2012-04-20
WO2009106242A1 (en) 2009-09-03
EP2248111A1 (en) 2010-11-10
CN101960495B (en) 2014-12-31
CN101960495A (en) 2011-01-26
DE102008011299A1 (en) 2009-09-03

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