EP2233593B1 - Procédé et station de déformage à chaud pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier durcis par presse - Google Patents

Procédé et station de déformage à chaud pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier durcis par presse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2233593B1
EP2233593B1 EP10157673A EP10157673A EP2233593B1 EP 2233593 B1 EP2233593 B1 EP 2233593B1 EP 10157673 A EP10157673 A EP 10157673A EP 10157673 A EP10157673 A EP 10157673A EP 2233593 B1 EP2233593 B1 EP 2233593B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet steel
press
furnace
hot
heating
Prior art date
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Application number
EP10157673A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2233593A3 (fr
EP2233593A2 (fr
Inventor
Jens Dr. Overrath
Oliver Dr. Straube
Jean-Jacques Lety
Stéphane Anquetil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Sofedit SAS
GMF Umformtechnik GmbH
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ThyssenKrupp Sofedit SAS
GMF Umformtechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP2233593A2 publication Critical patent/EP2233593A2/fr
Publication of EP2233593A3 publication Critical patent/EP2233593A3/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components made of sheet steel, with an oven, by means of the hot-formed steel sheet is at least partially heated to austenitizing temperature, and a pressing plant for hot forming and press hardening of the heated steel sheet in the oven. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel, in which steel sheet is heated at least partially to austenitizing temperature in an oven, then hot-formed by means of a pressing plant and cooled by means of a cooling device.
  • hot forming plants For the press hardening of high-strength body parts, special hot forming plants are usually used, which essentially consist of a furnace and a press, in some cases also a multi-ram press. Usually, the presses are hydraulic presses, since relatively long closing times can be realized. In order to increase the performance of the hot forming plant, despite the associated slow cycle times of, for example, 2 to 3 strokes per minute, several parts on the applicant known hot forming lines per press stroke are simultaneously formed and press-hardened. A trim of hot formed components is usually done in a separate laser operation or a separate trim line, the components of the hot forming line discharged and returned to the hot forming line after trimming. This is very labor intensive and economically unfavorable, so solutions are sought as to how the press hardening and trimming processes in a production line can be combined.
  • a furnace in the form of a continuous furnace and a hot forming line for the production of hardened steel sheet profile components is known.
  • the heating zone of the furnace system is formed from separable coupled furnace modules.
  • the furnace system can be extended by installing further furnace modules in the manner of a modular system in their capacity, so as to take account of increased power requirements.
  • Each of these standardized oven modules is equipped with the necessary heating and conveying equipment.
  • JP 2007-136533 A a transfer molding apparatus comprising a plurality of tool units, wherein a previously heated in a heating furnace metal plate in a first tool unit formed, perforated in a second tool unit and finally in the third tool unit is cropped.
  • the formed and perforated workpiece is additionally cooled in the third tool unit.
  • no active cooling is provided in the two of the third tool unit upstream tool units. Rather, the temperature of the workpiece should be kept substantially constant there. Accordingly, these two tool units are provided with heaters.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a hot forming plant or a method of the type mentioned above, which allows or the use of existing press capacities, allows a high stroke rate and thus provides high productivity.
  • the hot-forming plant according to the invention comprises an oven, by means of which the steel sheet to be hot-formed is at least partially heatable to austenitizing temperature, and a press unit for hot forming and press-hardening of the steel sheet heated in the oven.
  • a heating device having heating plates is arranged upstream of the furnace, by means of which the steel sheet can be heated at least partially to a temperature below the austenitizing temperature, preferably to a temperature in the range from 500 to 700 ° C., by applying or pressing the heating plates.
  • the pressing system is designed for the execution of at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein a at least a first tool for hot working and cooling of the oven-heated steel sheet to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C, and a subsequent part of the pressing plant at least a second tool for further cooling the hot-formed steel sheet to a temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, and wherein the second tool further transforms, cuts and / or punches the hot-formed steel sheet during the second cooling process.
  • the inventive method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel is accordingly characterized in that the steel sheet before heating in the oven by means of a hotplate having heating device at least partially to a temperature below the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, preferably to a temperature in the range of 500 to 700 ° C.
  • the steel sheet heated in the oven in a first part the press is hot formed and cooled to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C and then further cooled in a subsequent part of the pressing plant to a second temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, wherein the warm formed steel sheet in the subsequent part of the pressing system during the second cooling process additionally further formed, trimmed and / or perforated.
  • the heating device By means of the heating device arranged upstream of the furnace, rapid preheating of the steel sheet to be hot-formed or of a corresponding blank can be carried out, so that the furnace for heating the blank to austenitizing temperature itself can be made relatively short and accordingly takes up correspondingly little space.
  • the length of the furnace is, for example, in the range of 10 m to 20 m, and is preferably about 10 m or less.
  • the furnace advantageously consists of a continuous furnace, preferably roller hearth furnace.
  • the furnace is preferably provided with at least one inductive heating device and / or at least one infrared emitter.
  • the combination according to the invention of an austenitizing furnace with an upstream heating device offers the possibility of reducing the required energy input for heating the sinkers to austenitizing temperature.
  • this combination offers the possibility of selectively heating (heating) certain areas of the boards in the heating device, so that one or more specific areas of the respective board are not rendered austenitizing during the subsequent furnace run, and thus have lower strength values after the cooling step Areas that have been transferred to the austenitizing state. These less firm or hard areas are better suited for later trimming. In addition, these areas are not or significantly less sensitive to delayed cracking.
  • the inventive method thus provides in this preferred embodiment of the invention that the steel sheet or the respective board in the heating device is partially heated or partially heated in partial surface areas.
  • the invention proposes that the steel sheet is fed as a tailored board of the heating device, and that the board is not directly heated and / or tempered so that at least in a partial area in which subsequently a trimming and / or perforation this at least one subregion is not converted into the austenitizing state during the subsequent heating in the furnace.
  • a high number of strokes and thus high productivity are made possible in the hot-forming plant according to the invention in particular by the multi-stage design of the pressing system.
  • the respective board partially transferred into the austenitizing state is extensively formed in the first part of the pressing plant and cooled down to a press-hardening in a temperature range of about 700 ° to 500 ° C., preferably about 600 ° C.
  • the hot-formed component is then further reduced to a small extent warm and calibrated and cooled in a temperature range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C, preferably about 200 ° C and thereby cut in one or more sections and / or punched.
  • two-stage design of the pressing system can be achieved in particular a higher component strength. Because of the at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, in which the vast majority of the hot working in the first part, ie performed in the first stage of the pressing plant, can be in the second or a subsequent part of the Pressing an improved fit with significantly increased contact area between the component and the cooling tool achieve, so that there is a better cooling and thus a higher component strength.
  • the heating device of the hot-forming installation has heating plates which can be applied or pressed against a steel sheet to be heated therebetween.
  • the heat transfer is dependent on the pressure of the heating plates and is applied according to an advantageous embodiment of the hot-forming according to the invention preferably either by means of a hydraulic, a mechanical press or a press-like device.
  • the heating plates of the heating device are preferably designed as electrically or inductively heated heating plates.
  • the heating energy costs can be reduced in particular by the use of inductively heated heating plates.
  • the heating device of the hot-forming plant according to the invention may also have a non-contactassininduktor- or Ringinduktorschreibappel.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the hot-forming plant according to the invention consists in that the multi-stage pressing system at least one mechanically or hydraulically driven device for trimming and / or punching the hot formed, press-hardened steel sheet is arranged downstream.
  • the component can be punched or cut in close tolerances, and this preferably in the room temperature condition.
  • dimensionally accurate holes and dimensionally accurate edge trimming in the hot state of the component can often not be achieved in the desired quality.
  • the concept according to the invention allows the use of conventional mechanical or hydraulic presses from existing forming plants, in particular from cold forming plants, for the hard cutting of the hot-formed components.
  • the pruning device downstream of the pruning device is formed from a toggle press, which is provided with at least one trimming and / or punching tool (Hartbe4.000technikmaschine).
  • Toggle presses can transmit large cutting forces at an appropriate speed when cutting.
  • the toggle presses of the hot forming system according to the invention are preferably designed as rigid toggle presses. With regard to the trim quality and trouble-free operation of the trimming device (toggle press), it is advantageous if it is equipped according to a further preferred embodiment with at least one cutting impact damper.
  • a cooling device is arranged, by means of which the hot-formed and at the same time strongly cooled steel sheet with a liquid, in particular with water, oil or an emulsion can be further cooled.
  • the Component is preferably cooled to room temperature.
  • this cooling device preferably has an immersion bath container. If oil or an emulsion is used as the cooling agent or immersion bath in the cooling device, the subsequent hard trimming is thereby facilitated, thus improving the trimming result.
  • the lubrication of the component or its immersion in an emulsion reduces the wear on the subsequent trimming tool or tools.
  • an automatically controlled transfer device preferably a robot
  • the transfer device arranged between the heating device and the furnace and / or the transfer device arranged between the furnace and the pressing device can be provided with a heating device in order to avoid (premature) cooling of the heated board.
  • manganese-boron steel sheet and particularly preferably pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • the latter can be produced in a suitably equipped steelworks by continuous annealing.
  • the material costs for pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet are higher than the material costs for untreated manganese-boron steel sheet.
  • pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet offers untreated manganese-boron steel sheet has the advantage that the pre-diffused steel sheet can be transferred to the austenitizing state considerably faster, so that the kiln line required for this purpose can be dimensioned correspondingly shorter.
  • the austenitizing furnace can therefore be made very short.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that portions of the steel sheet or component are cooled at different speeds in the first part of the pressing system and / or in the subsequent part of the pressing system, wherein at least one partial area, in which subsequently a trimming and / or or a perforation is performed is cooled at a lower cooling rate than a partial area in which subsequently neither a trimming nor a perforation is performed.
  • the partial area in which a trimming and / or perforation is subsequently carried out is preferably cooled at a cooling rate below 27 K / s. The corresponding subregion is thus given low strength values, so that it is better suited for hard cutting.
  • hot forming plant is used to produce press-hardened molded parts 2 'made of sheet steel, such as suspension arms or side impact beams for motor vehicle doors. Other examples are bending beams, B-pillars, A-pillars and roof frames.
  • the hot-forming plant comprises a stamping press 1 for cutting blanks 2 from a sheet steel strip 3.
  • the sheet-metal strip 2 consists of manganese-boron steel, preferably from manganese-boron steel sheet (AlSi-22MnB5), which has been pre-diffused by continuous annealing. It is supplied as a coil 4 of an unwinding of the punch press 1, which operates with a high number of strokes.
  • the blanks 2 are deposited on a stack 5 serving as a buffer, from where they are fed by means of a robot 6 or another suitable transfer device to a heating device 7 and inserted into this before they subsequently pass into a continuous furnace 8.
  • the heating device 7 has a heated tool, which is preferably formed from two relatively movable heating plates 7.1, 7.2.
  • the tool or the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are heated electrically, with gas or inductively.
  • the heated plates are guided in a guide frame and are pressed against each other with the board 2 arranged therebetween.
  • heating elements 7.3 are integrated in the mutually movable heating plates 7.1, 7.2.
  • the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are provided with several heating forms 7.4, 7.5, of the respective heating plate 7.1, 7.2 protrude, wherein the heating molds 7.4, 7.5 of the respective heating plate are arranged spaced from each other.
  • the opposing heating forms 7.4, 7.5 of the upper and lower heating plate 7.1, 7.2 thereby form a plurality of pairs of covering heating forms 7.4, 7.5.
  • a board 2 is deposited on the lower heating forms 7.5.
  • the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 or -formen 7.4, 7.5 are formed with respect to the boards 2 so that the later still to be trimmed areas or edges 2.1 of the boards 2 stored thereon in the closed state of the heating device 7 is not directly by contact with the Heating plates 7.4, 7.5 are heated.
  • different heating conditions in the respective circuit board 2 can be achieved, so that a certain area 2.1 of the board 2 is not converted into the austenitizing state by the further heating in the subsequent furnace 8.
  • the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are pressed together with the interposed boards 2 mechanically or hydraulically to each other. The higher the pressure, the higher the heating rate.
  • the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 can be heated to a temperature level of 500 ° to 700 ° C, preferably to 600 ° C.
  • the temperature in the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 is adjusted so that from 500 ° C a heating rate of 12 K / s is not exceeded.
  • an area 2.2 of the board 2, which is to be subsequently transferred to the austenitizing state in the furnace 8 has an average temperature of, for example, about 750 ° C.
  • the edge of the board 2.1 or the region of the board 2, which is not to be transferred to the AustenitmaschinesSullivan an average temperature of, for example, about 450 ° C.
  • the different temperature ranges having board 2 is transferred from the heating device in the oven 8. Again, this is preferably done with a robot or other suitable transfer device (not shown).
  • the furnace 8 is preferably designed as a continuous furnace, for example as a roller hearth furnace or walking beam furnace. It has a length in the range of about 10 to 20 m and is equipped with at least one inductive heating device and / or at least one infrared radiator.
  • the length of the continuous furnace 8 depends on the nature of the steel sheet 3 used for producing the molded components 2 '. If untreated manganese-boron steel sheet is used, the cut-out blanks 2 in the furnace 8 are first heated so that the area 2.2 of the respective blank 2 to be transferred to the austenitizing state has an alloying temperature over a period of about 300 seconds and thus 2.2 a fürleg réelle the board surface is done.
  • the alloy temperature is usually in untreated manganese-boron steel sheet in a temperature range around 600 ° C (see. Fig. 6 ). Subsequently, the boards 2 are heated for a period of about 60 seconds in the oven 8 to Austenitmaschinestemperatur or to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur.
  • the lower transformation point A C1 at which the conversion of Ferrite begins in austenite is at the used manganese-boron steel sheet at about 730 ° C.
  • the upper transformation point A C3 at which the transformation into austenite ends is in the illustrated example at about 830 ° C.
  • the boards 2 are heated in the furnace 8 to a temperature well above the transformation point A C3 .
  • the temperature of the blank area 2.2 transferred to the austenitizing state for the subsequent press hardening is approximately 950 ° C. when it is removed from the oven 8 (cf. Fig. 6 ).
  • manganese-boron steel sheet AlSi-22MnB5 which has been pre-diffused by annealing, is preferably used as the coil material (starting material) 4.
  • start material the coil material
  • this pre-diffused material causes higher Vormaterialicide, but offers the ability to run the continuous furnace 8 very short, since in this case the relatively time-consuming alloying of the surface of the AustenitmaschinesSullivan to be transferred board area 2.2 no longer needs to be performed.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates that when using pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet (AlSi-22MnB5) only in a relatively short time feasible heating to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur in the continuous furnace 8 must be performed.
  • the temperature of the board area 2.2 transferred to the austenitizing state for the subsequent press hardening in their removal from the oven 8 in this case is again about 950 ° C.
  • This partial Austenitmaschine can be achieved in about 60 to 65 seconds, so that the furnace section can be made relatively short.
  • the length of the continuous furnace 8 in this case may be, for example, only about 10 m or less.
  • the thus heated board 8 is then removed by means of a robot or other fast transfer device from the oven 8 and inserted for hot forming and simultaneous press hardening in the first part of a 10.1 two-stage press line 10.
  • the first stage or station 10.1 of the press plant 10 consists of a mechanical or hydraulic press.
  • a hydraulic press with a pressing force of, for example, about 1,000 t or about 10 MN is used.
  • the first part of the press unit 10 forming press 10.1 is equipped with a cooled forming tool.
  • the majority of the hot forming work takes place in the first press, 10.1 wherein the resulting molded component in a time of only about 5 to 6 seconds of about 900 ° C in a temperature range of about 700 ° to 500 ° C, preferably 600 ° C. is cooled down.
  • the cooling rate in the first stage 10.1 is thus approximately in the range of 80 to 33.3 K / s and thus in any case significantly above a critical cooling rate of 27 K / s.
  • the mold component is further cooled down, further reduced to a small extent and calibrated.
  • the second stage (station) 10.2 of the pressing plant consists of a mechanical or hydraulic press.
  • the second stage 10.2 is a hydraulic press with a pressing force of, for example, about 800 t or about 8 MN. In addition to the hot forming and cooling of the component this is optionally cut or punched in the second stage 10.2 of the pressing system.
  • the closing time of the presses 10.1 and 10.2 is variably adjustable.
  • a fast transfer device between the two stations 10.1 and 10.2 of the press unit 10 to make the interruption of a rapid cooling requiring press hardening process by the transfer from the tool of the first press 10.1 in the tool of the second press 10.2 as short as possible.
  • a robot or another fast transfer device is used, the or the component from the tool of the first press 10.1 in the tool of the second press 10.2 within a maximum of 4 seconds, preferably within a maximum of 3 seconds flips.
  • the component 2 ' is then heated in a time of about 5 to 6 seconds from a temperature in the range of about 580 ° to 500 ° C to a temperature in the range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C. , Preferably 200 ° C cooled down and thereby optionally trimmed in some areas.
  • the cooling rate in the second stage 10.2 is approximately in the range of 76 to 33.3 K / s and thus again significantly above the critical cooling rate of 27 K / s.
  • the tools of the two pressing system stages 10.1, 10.2 are constructed in the region which contacts the component region 2.2, in which a high strength is to be achieved, made of highly heat-conductive material.
  • the tool region which contacts the component region 2.1, in which a trimming of the component 2 'is to take place is formed from a material with relatively low thermal conductivity, so that the component region 2.1 still to be trimmed cooled more slowly and thus achieves lower strength values.
  • a double-ram press can also be used in the hot-forming plant according to the invention.
  • the cooling rate during hot working (including the component transfer from the first stage 10.1 to the second stage 10.2 of the press plant), taken as a whole, is well above the critical minimum cooling rate of 27 K / s.
  • the curve labeled A PH represents the cooling rate or time-temperature curve of the martensite state transferred area 2.2 of the component 2 'in the two stages of the press plant 10, while the dotted curve labeled A crit represents the critical minimum cooling rate of 27 K / s represents.
  • the dashed curve A B represents the cooling rate of the region 2.1 of the component 2 ', which is trimmed or punched during or after the hot working. It can be seen that the cooling in the edges 2.1 or areas of the component 2 ', in which a Hard trimming is carried out in such a way that the cooling rate below 27 K / s remains (see. Fig. 8 ).
  • the process control in the hot forming tools of the two Pressstromhaven 10.1, 10.2 is thus optimally divided and matched with the time duration for the transfer of the component 2 'from the first hot forming tool of the first press 10.1 for hot forming tool of the second press 10.2.
  • the hot forming tool of the first press 10.1 may be provided with hydraulic or mechanical control elements (not shown), which allow a change in the distance between the relatively movable tool halves.
  • the hydraulic or mechanical adjusting elements are preferably automatically regulated as a function of the sheet metal inlet. The measurement of the sheet metal inlet or the sheet thickness is carried out by means of suitable sensors or measuring systems.
  • At least one device 11.1 and / or 11.2 for trimming and / or punching the component 2' follows the two-stage pressing system 10.
  • the one-stage or multistage trimming device 11.1, 11.2 a hard trimming of the regions not transferred to the martensite state, in particular the edges of the press-hardened molded components 2 ', is carried out.
  • the trimming device 11.1, 11.2 is equipped for this purpose with suitable trimming and / or piercing tools.
  • two trimming devices 11.1 and 11.2vorhanden which are formed by toggle press.
  • the hot-forming plant according to the invention can have a plurality of such trimming devices, with one or two trimming devices 11.1 and / or 11.2 normally being sufficient.
  • the pressing force of the respective toggle press 11.1, 11.2 is for example about 800 t or about 8 MN.
  • the transferring of the components from the pressing system 10 into the trimming device (s) 11.1, 11.2 is again effected by means of one or more robots (not shown) or other suitable, sufficiently fast transfer devices.
  • a further cooling of the component 2 ' may take place, which may in particular be a natural or forced air cooling.
  • the number of strokes of the hot forming plant according to the invention is in the range of 5 to 12 strokes / min, preferably in the range of 7 to 12 strokes / min.
  • FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment of the hot forming plant according to the invention differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in that between the pressing system 10 and the trimming device 11.1 a cooling device 12 is arranged, by means of which the hot-formed, press-hardened molded component 2 'is cooled to room temperature RT with a liquid, preferably with oil or an emulsion.
  • the cooling device 12 has for this purpose a trough-shaped container for receiving a liquid or emulsion bath, in which the respective component 2 'is immersed before the final trimming in the trimming device 11.1, 11.2.
  • the finished component 2 ' is removed from the trimming device or toggle press 11.1 or optionally 11.2 and placed in a storage or transport container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Installation de déformation à chaud pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier trempés à la presse, avec un four (8) au moyen duquel est chauffée la tôle d'acier à déformer à chaud au moins partiellement à une température d'austénitisation et une installation de presse (10) pour la déformation à chaud et la trempe à la presse de la tôle d'acier chauffée dans le four, caractérisée en ce que le four (8) est placé en aval d'un dispositif de chauffage (7) présentant des plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2), au moyen desquelles la tôle d'acier (2) peut être chauffée par application ou pression des plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2) au moins partiellement à une température inférieure à la température d'austénitisation, de préférence à une température comprise entre 500 et 700°C, et en ce que l'installation de presse (10) est réalisée pour l'exécution d'un processus de déformation à chaud et de refroidissement au moins biphasé, une première partie (10.1) de l'installation de presse présentant au moins un premier outil de déformation à chaud et de refroidissement de la tôle d'acier (2) chauffée dans le four (8) à une première plage de températures comprise entre 700 et 500°C, et une partie suivante (10.2) de l'installation de presse (10) présente au moins un second outil pour le refroidissement supplémentaire de la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud (2, 2') à une plage de températures comprise entre 300 et 200°C, et le second outil poursuivant la déformation, la découpe et/ou la perforation de la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud pendant le second processus de refroidissement.
  2. Installation de déformation à chaud selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (7) comprend une presse, au moyen de laquelle les plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2) sont pressables hydrauliquement ou mécaniquement contre une tôles d'acier (2) intercalée à chauffer.
  3. Installation de déformation à chaud selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (7) est réalisé de sorte que la tôle d'acier (2) à déformer à chaud peut y être chauffée partiellement ou chauffée dans des zones partielles (2.1, 2.2) de manière différente.
  4. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'installation de pressage (10) est placée en amont dans le sens de transport de la tôle d'acier d'au moins un dispositif de découpe (11.1, 11.2) entraîné mécaniquement ou hydrauliquement pour la découpe et/ou la perforation de la tôle d'acier (2') déformée à chaud, et trempée à la presse, le dispositif de découpe (11.1, 11.2) étant formé de préférence d'une presse à genouillère qui est munie d'au moins un outil de découpe et/ou de perforation.
  5. Installation de déformation à chaud selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'entre l'installation de presse (10) et le dispositif de découpe (11.1), il est disposé un dispositif de refroidissement (12) au moyen duquel la tôle d'acier (2') déformée à chaud et refroidie est refroidie en supplément par un liquide en particulier par de l'eau, de l'huile ou une émulsion, le dispositif de refroidissement (12) présentant de préférence un récipient d'immersion.
  6. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le four (8) se compose d'un four à rouleaux.
  7. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le four (8) est muni au moins d'un dispositif de chauffage inductif et/ou au moins un radiant infrarouge.
  8. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (7) est placé en aval d'une presse de découpe (1) pour la découpe de platines (2) à partir d'une bande de tôle d'acier (3).
  9. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que pour le transfert de la tôle d'acier respective (2) du dispositif de chauffage (7) au four (8) et/ou du four (8) à l'installation de presse (10) et/ou de l'installation de presse (10) à un dispositif de découpe (11.1) placé en aval, il est prévu respectivement un dispositif de transfert commandé automatiquement, par exemple un robot (6, 9), le dispositif de transfert (6, 9) étant muni de préférence d'un dispositif de chauffage pour le chauffage de la tôle d'acier à transférer (2).
  10. Installation de déformation à chaud selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que l'installation de presse (10) est munie d'éléments de réglage hydrauliques ou mécaniques, qui permettent une modification de la distance de fermeture entre les moitiés d'outils mobiles les unes par rapport aux autres, de préférence les éléments de réglage hydrauliques ou mécaniques étant réglés automatiquement en fonction de l'entrée de la tôle et/ou de l'épaisseur de la tôle et il est prévu de préférence des capteurs pour la saisie de l'entrée de la tôle et/ou de l'épaisseur de la tôle.
  11. Procédé pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier, trempés à la presse, la tôle d'acier (2, 3) étant chauffée dans un four (8) au moins partiellement à la température d'austénitisation, étant ensuite déformée à chaud au moyen d'une installation de presse (10) et étant refroidie au moyen d'un dispositif de refroidissement, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est chauffée avant le chauffage dans le four (8) au moyens d'un dispositif de chauffage (7) présentant des plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2) au moins partiellement à une température en dessous de la température d'austénitisation, de préférence à une température comprise entre 500 et 700°C, dans le fait que la tôle d'acier (2) est déposée entre les plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2) et est appliquée contre ces dernières ou est tendue entre les plaques chauffantes (7.1, 7.2) et en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud a été exécuté dans un processus de déformation à chaud et de refroidissement biphasée, la tôle d'acier chauffée dans le four (8) étant déformée à chaud dans une première partie (10.1) de l'installation de presse et étant refroidie à une première plage de températures comprise entre 700 et 500°C et étant ensuite refroidie dans une partie (10.2) suivante de l'installation de presse (10) à une seconde plage de températures comprise entre 300 et 200°C, la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud subissant une déformation, une découpe et/ou une perforation supplémentaire dans la partie suivante de l'installation de presse pendant le second processus de refroidissement.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est chauffée dans le dispositif de chauffage (7) partiellement ou dans des zones partielles (2.1, 2.2) de manière différente.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier est amenée en tant que platine découpée (2) du dispositif de chauffage (7), et en ce que la platine (2) n'est pas chauffée directement et/ou maintenue en température au moins dans une zone partielle (2.1) dans laquelle il est effectué une découpe et/ou une perforation, de sorte qu'au moins cette zone partielle (2.1) n'est pas transférée dans l'état d'austénitisation lors du chauffage consécutif dans le four (8).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que des zones partielles (2.1, 2.2) de la tôle d'acier sont refroidies dans la première partie (10.1) de l'installation de presse (10) et/ou dans la partie suivante (10.2) de l'installation de presse (10) à une vitesse différente, au moins une zone partielle (2.1) dans laquelle est exécutée une découpe et/ou une perforation, est refroidie à un degré de refroidissement plus faible qu'une zone partielle (2.2), dans laquelle n'est effectuée ni une découpe ni une perforation, de préférence la zone partielle (2.1), dans laquelle est exécutée consécutivement une découpe et/ou une perforation, est refroidie à un dégrée de refroidissement inférieure à 27 K/s.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier est déformée dans la première partie (10.1) de l'installation de presse (10) dans une plus grande mesure que dans la partie suivante (10.2) de l'installation de presse, de préférence la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud étant calibrée dans la partie consécutive (10.2) de l'installation de presse (10).
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier est découpée et/ou percée après la déformation à chaud au moyen d'au moins un dispositif de découpe (11.1, 11.2), de préférence la tôle d'acier déformée à chaud étant refroidie à la température ambiante après la déformation à chaud et avant la découpe ou la perforation dans un bain d'émulsion, d'eau ou d'huile (12).
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier est transportée sous forme d'une platine découpée (2) du dispositif de chauffage (7) au four (8) et/ou du four (8) à l'installation de presse (10) et/ou de l'installation de presse (10) à un dispositif de découpe (11.1) placé en aval respectivement au moyen d'un dispositif de transfert automatique, de préférence un robot (6, 9).
EP10157673A 2009-03-27 2010-03-25 Procédé et station de déformage à chaud pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier durcis par presse Active EP2233593B1 (fr)

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CN111565862A (zh) * 2018-01-10 2020-08-21 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 钢板构件的制造方法

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CN111565862B (zh) * 2018-01-10 2022-07-19 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 钢板构件的制造方法
CN111515287A (zh) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-11 湖南晓光智能成型制造有限公司 一种超高强度钢板的梯级热冲压成形方法
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EP2233593A2 (fr) 2010-09-29

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