EP2208836B1 - Coffrage en béton et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Coffrage en béton et son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2208836B1 EP2208836B1 EP10000059.5A EP10000059A EP2208836B1 EP 2208836 B1 EP2208836 B1 EP 2208836B1 EP 10000059 A EP10000059 A EP 10000059A EP 2208836 B1 EP2208836 B1 EP 2208836B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- stage
- concrete
- textile body
- panel according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000862 Arboform Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004953 Aliphatic polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003231 aliphatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006012 semi-aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
- B28B7/368—Absorbent linings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a novel concrete formwork, which is suitable for the production of one-sided or two-sided concrete formwork, concrete forms containing such concrete formwork and methods for producing the concrete formwork panels.
- the concrete In the manufacture of concrete, it is usually cast using a concrete mold, the concrete taking the form of the concrete form. For this, the wet, unconsolidated concrete is poured into or onto the concrete mold, after hardening and removal of the concrete panel, the newly exposed concrete surface is a negative impression of the inner surface of the concrete form. For example, if wooden board panels are used as formwork, the concrete takes on the appearance of the wooden board grain.
- the concrete mixture often contains large amounts of air, and usually more water than is necessary for the setting.
- the air contained in the concrete mixture and the water present make the concrete mix more fluid and thus facilitate handling and casting.
- Concrete formwork has long been known from the prior art. So that describes US Patent 4730805 a mold for forming concrete using a support and at least two layers of fabric on the support.
- the carrier may have tabs for spacing the sheet from the carrier, wherein the sheet layers and tabs aid in draining the water from the hardening concrete.
- the carrier may have drainage holes for removing excess water and air.
- the sheet is bound to the carrier and immovable to it.
- EP-A-0429752 is a pattern for patterned concrete or concrete surfaces with a support means, a grid with interconnected spacers forming in the grid holes with a single surface of at least 0.25 cm 2 , at least a part of which rests on the support means, and a porous, textile Sheet, which is arranged next to the grid and spaced by the grid from the carrier, known.
- the sheet generally has a pore size of 10 to 250 ⁇ m on each side, so that a number of small concrete particles (typically 30 to 90 ⁇ m) can penetrate and fill the open spaces of the sheet. Furthermore, excess water and air can pass through, so that drainage is given.
- Fine concrete particles typically fill the larger pores of the sheet, especially when excessive concrete compaction occurs. If enough fine concrete particles have penetrated into the structure of the sheet and sufficient concrete hardening has taken place, usually the release of the sheet from the hardened concrete becomes very difficult or even impossible without damaging the concrete surface. Furthermore, the concrete facing side of the concrete formwork is unusable.
- a concrete formwork panel according to the preamble of claim 1 is made US 6,303,207 known.
- the special glass fleece finish or surface finish of the formwork enables it to be reused much more often than concrete formwork.
- the special glass fleece finish or surface finish of the formwork is cost-effective and available in commercial quantities. Also the material recycling after intended use is possible.
- the special glass fleece finish or surface finish of the formwork according to the invention makes it possible to produce very smooth concrete surfaces as well as patterned concrete surfaces, such as are required, in particular, in exposed concrete or as structural concrete.
- the support used according to the invention is preferably wood-based materials, such as panels, which may have additional wood-material constructions, such as frames, grids or three-dimensional reinforcing structures, so-called honeycombs, which further reinforce the wood-based materials.
- the wood-based materials are plate-shaped or strand-shaped wooden materials which are produced by mixing the different types of wood particle with natural and / or synthetic binders in the course of a hot pressing.
- the wood-based materials used in accordance with the invention preferably comprise barrier or plywood, chipboard material, in particular chipboard and OSB (Oriented Strand Boards), wood fiber material, in particular porous wood fiber boards, diffusion-open wood fiber boards, hard (high density) wood fiber boards (HDF) and medium-density wood fiber boards (MDF), and Arboform.
- Arboform is a thermoplastically processable material made of lignin and other wood components.
- the wood-based materials used according to the invention may be formed as one or more layers and preferably comprise several layers of barrier or plywood and / or wood-chip materials. To increase the stability of these layers can be glued together.
- the choice of the carrier is essentially not limited but rather determined by the type of formwork, i. whether it is a wall formwork, column formwork, beam formwork, staircase formwork, slip formwork, frame formwork, carrier formwork or lost formwork.
- the textile fabrics used according to the invention are all structures which are produced from fibers and from which a textile surface has been produced by means of a surface-forming technique.
- the fiber-forming materials are preferably fibers of synthesized polymers, ceramic fibers, mineral fibers or glass fibers, which may also be used in the form of mixtures. In the presence of fiber mixtures, these may also contain cellulose or natural fibers. Textile surfaces are understood as meaning fabrics, scrims, knits, knitted fabrics and nonwovens, preferably nonwovens.
- the textile fabrics used according to the invention preferably have a sufficient water or moisture barrier effect towards the wearer.
- the textile fabric may additionally have a reinforcement of fibers, threads, or filaments. This is particularly useful when the textile fabric is exposed to high mechanical requirements.
- Preferred reinforcing threads are multifilaments or rovings based on glass, polyester, carbon or metal.
- the reinforcing threads can be used as such or in the form of a textile fabric, for example as a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or fleece.
- the reinforcements consist of a parallel bundle of threads or a scrim.
- the textile surfaces of mineral and ceramic fibers are aluminosilicate, ceramic, dolomite wollastonite fibers or, preferably, fibers of volcanics, preferably basalt, diabase and / or melaphyre fibers, in particular basalt fibers.
- Diabase and melaphyre are collectively referred to as paleo-basalts and Diabas is often referred to as greenstone.
- the mineral fiber fleece can be formed from filaments, ie infinitely long fibers or from staple fibers.
- the average length of the staple fibers in the nonwoven fabric of mineral fibers used according to the invention is between 5 and 120 mm, preferably 10 to 90 mm.
- the mineral fiber fleece contains a mixture of continuous fibers and staple fibers.
- the average fiber diameter of the mineral fibers is between 5 and 30 microns, preferably between 8 and 24 microns, more preferably between 8 and 15 ⁇ .
- the basis weight of the textile fabric of mineral fibers is between 15 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 40 and 250 g / m 2 , which refers to a sheet without binders.
- nonwovens are preferred. These are made of filaments, i. infinitely long fibers or staple fibers.
- the average length of the staple fibers is between 5 and 120 mm, preferably 10 to 90 mm.
- the glass fiber fleece contains a mixture of continuous fibers and staple fibers.
- the average diameter of the glass fibers is between 5 and 30 .mu.m, preferably between 8 and 24 .mu.m, particularly preferably between 10 and 21 .mu.m.
- glass microfibers can also be used.
- the preferred average diameter of the glass microfibers is between 0.1 and 5 microns.
- the microfibers forming the textile surface can also be present in mixtures with other fibers, preferably glass fibers. It is also a layered one Structure of microfibers and glass fibers possible or the setting of a gradient at which the content of microfibers, to the side facing away from the carrier of the textile fabric, increases. As a result, a drainage effect can be adjusted.
- the weight per unit area of the textile fabric of glass fibers is between 15 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 40 and 250 g / m 2 , these details referring to a sheet without a binder.
- Suitable glass fibers include those made from A-glass, E-glass, S-glass, C-glass, T-glass or R-glass.
- the textile surface can be produced by any known method.
- this is preferably the dry or wet laid process.
- nonwovens in particular so-called spunbonds, i. Spun nonwovens produced by a disposition of melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials.
- Suitable polymeric materials include, for example, polyamides, e.g. Polyhexamethylenediadipamide, polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids”), aliphatic polyamides, e.g. Nylon, partially aromatic or wholly aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers having ether and keto groups, e.g.
- Polyether ketones PEK
- polyetheretherketone PEEK
- polyolefins e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene
- cellulose or polybenzimidazoles e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene
- polybenzimidazoles e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene
- those polymers which are spun from solution are also suitable.
- the spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
- Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production. Particular preference is given to polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular those of unmodified PET.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the individual titres of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded web are between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably between 2 and 10 dtex.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can also be a meltbond-bonded nonwoven fabric which contains carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers.
- the carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers.
- Such meltbond-solidified spunbonded nonwovens are, for example, in EP-A-0,446,822 and EP-A-0,590,629 described.
- the textile surfaces can also be composed of staple fibers or mixtures of staple fibers and continuous filaments.
- the individual titres of the staple fibers in the nonwoven amount to between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 10 dtex.
- the staple length is 1 to 100 mm, preferably 2 to 50 mm, more preferably 2 to 30 mm.
- the textile fabric can also be constructed of fibers of different materials in order to achieve special properties.
- the filaments and / or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross-section or also have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular or tri- or multilobal cross-sections. It is also possible to use hollow fibers and bicomponent or multicomponent fibers. Furthermore, the hotmelt adhesive fiber can also be used in the form of bi- or multicomponent fibers.
- the fibers forming the textile fabric may be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.
- the basis weight of the textile fabric of synthetic polymer fibers is between 10 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably 20 and 250 g / m 2
- the textile fabrics can be produced without chemical binders.
- thermoplastic binder polymers and / or use known needling methods.
- needling methods Besides the possibility of mechanical solidification, e.g. by calendering or needling, mention should be made here in particular of hydrodynamic needling.
- the fabrics are preconsolidated with a chemical binder.
- the binders used preferably come from the group the B-stage binder compatible binder systems.
- the binder content is at most 25 wt .-%.
- the textile fabric used according to b) was finished or solidified by means of a so-called B-stage binder.
- B-stage binders are binders or binder systems which are used stepwise, i. only partially solidified or hardened and still a final consolidation, for example, by thermal treatment can learn.
- Suitable B-stage binders or binder systems are in US-A-5,837,620 . US-A-6,303,207 and US-A-6,331,339 described in detail.
- the B-stage binders disclosed there can also be used in the context of the present invention.
- the amount of final solidified B-stage binder and chemical binder together is min. 30 wt .-%, in particular min. 35 wt .-%, more preferably min. 40 wt .-%, wherein the weight indication also optionally present in the binder system aids such. Filler and / or stabilizers, and refers to the total weight of the fabric.
- B-stage binders or B-stage-capable binders are preferably binders based on furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and mixtures thereof. Preferably, they are aqueous systems. Other preferred binder systems are formaldehyde-free binders. B-stage binders are characterized by the fact that they can be subjected to two- or more-stage curing, i. after the first curing or the first hardenings still have a sufficient binder effect to use this for further processing.
- Such binders are finally solidified after addition of a catalyst at temperatures of about 175 ° C (about 350F).
- binders are cured, if appropriate after addition of a catalyst.
- the curing catalyst content is up to 10 wt .-%, but preferably 0.05 to 7 wt .-% (based on the total binder content).
- the curing catalyst for example, ammonium nitrate, as well as organic, aromatic acids, e.g. Maleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, since this can reach the B-stage state faster.
- maleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid are all materials suitable as a curing catalyst, which have a comparable acidic function.
- the addition of a catalyst can also be dispensed with altogether.
- the textile fabric impregnated with the binder can be dried under the influence of temperature without effecting complete curing of the binder.
- the required process parameters depend on the selected binder system.
- the B-stage-capable binders used according to the invention allow variable process control.
- the first stage of solidification of the B-stage capable binder serves to stabilize the fabric in its manufacture, if not otherwise preconsolidated, e.g. through other chemical binders.
- the textile fabric preconsolidated with the B-stage binder is fixed on the support, e.g. obtained by pressing / lamination, and the composite of carrier and textile fabric.
- the B-stage binder is finally solidified, whereby any structuring desired, e.g. by structured press plates or rollers, is generated and fixed.
- the textile fabric is already pre-consolidated elsewhere in the production of the formwork or formwork panels according to the invention, for example by other chemical binders.
- the first stage of solidification of the B-stage capable binder for attachment or fixation of the fabric on the support is produced by structured press plates or rollers.
- a desired structuring e.g. be produced by structured press plates or rollers.
- the stability of the concrete formwork in particular when using wood-based material carriers, can be further increased, as a result of which more compact and also lighter formwork panels are accessible, which considerably facilitates their handling.
- the lower as well as the upper temperature limit can be influenced by choice of the duration or by addition or avoidance of larger or more acidic curing catalyst or optionally by using stabilizers.
- the second stage of solidification of the binder in the B-stage state thus serves to fix the textile fabric to the support or insofar as the fabric is preconsolidated by other methods and the fabric is fixed to the support by means of the first stage of solidification of the binder for producing and fixing three-dimensional structures which have been produced on the surface of the composite of carrier and textile fabric.
- the surface can be processed by means of heated molds or heated press / rolling tools, eg structured press plates or structured press rolls, so that the structures present in the molds and tools are transferred to the textile fabric and after cooling or final solidification of the Binders are permanently present
- the carrier is formed from a wood material
- the semi-finished product of carrier and textile fabric can also be processed together as described above.
- the textile fabric is pressed into the upper layer of the carrier and additionally with this or this connected, so that an excellent strength can be achieved at the same time low weight.
- the lamination or second stage of the solidification takes place under the action of pressure and heat in such a way that the existing B-stage binder is largely finally solidified.
- the lamination can be carried out by means of batch or continuous pressing or by rolling, e.g. Calender, done.
- the parameters pressure, temperature and dwell time are selected individually.
- the application of the B-stage capable binder on the fabric can be done using all known methods.
- the binder can also be applied by means of coating or foam application.
- foam application a foaming foam is produced with the aid of a foaming agent in a foam mixer, which is applied to the nonwoven by suitable coating units.
- the B-stage capable binder may contain other adjuncts, such as e.g. Fillers and / or stabilizers.
- materials for increasing the abrasion and scratch resistance play a role in the fillers.
- particles of SiC and / or SiO 2, corundum (AL 2 O 3) or similar materials are preferably used, grain sizes of less than 1 mm are used, whereby a very hard surface can be produced.
- the proportion of these fillers can be up to 40% by weight.
- the concrete formwork on the surface of the textile fabric or the composite of support and textile fabric has a three-dimensional structure.
- the structures may be regular or irregular. Particular preference is given to regular structures, in particular regular ones and symmetrical, in particular repetitive structures such as grooves, diamonds and knob-shaped structures or self-cleaning structures.
- the three-dimensional structures preferably have a connection to one another, so that drainage is possible as a result. It is particularly preferred if the three-dimensional structures have a preferred direction, which favor a drainage of the water from the concrete. It has been found that groove-shaped structures which have a substantially vertical or vertical preferred direction, are particularly well suited. These groove-shaped structures have a depression or increase of up to 3 mm, in particular of up to 1 mm. The width of the structures is up to 3mm, especially up to 1mm.
- Pimple-shaped structures are needed in particular for improving the skid resistance of concrete surfaces.
- the concrete formwork according to the invention may have a further, additional textile fabric, preferably a nonwoven or spunbonded fabric, with a special surface quality and porosity, which allows use as formwork for the production of Luncker-free concrete surfaces.
- a special load e.g. The surfaces of dams, as well as overflow and discharge channels of hydroelectric power plants, or water treatment or sewage treatment plants, concrete pipes for the passage of liquids, must have a sufficient durability.
- the additional textile fabric has a pore size (cross-section) of 10 to 80 .mu.m, preferably 10 to 60 .mu.m, determined by means of a Coulter Porometer in porofil.
- the additional textile fabric has an air permeability of up to 2501 / m 2 s at 200 Pa (determined according to DIN 53887) and a water-tightness of 40 to 300 mm water column (determined according to DIN 53886)
- the additional textile fabric is not firmly or flatly connected to the composite of carrier and textile fabric, it can also be stretched over a composite of carrier and textile fabric.
- the additional textile fabric measures a maximum tensile force of at least 400 N, preferably 400 to 600 N (in the longitudinal direction) and at least 300 N, preferably 300 to 500 N (in the transverse direction), measured on a 5 cm wide strip according to DIN EN 290733.
- the additional textile fabric may also have reinforcements of fibers, filaments or filaments.
- reinforcing threads multifilaments or rovings based on glass, polyester, carbon or metal are preferably used.
- the reinforcements consist of a parallel bundle of threads or a scrim.
- a spacer can additionally be installed between additional textile fabrics and the composite of carrier and textile fabric.
- Suitable spacers are grids, nets, perforated sheets, etc, which allow drainage of the water from the concrete.
- the spacers should advantageously have openings or free areas of at least 0.25 cm 2 (single area).
- an additional barrier layer can be formed between the backing and the textile fabric.
- the barrier layer may also be applied to the carrier in the form of additional equipment, in particular on the side of the carrier facing the textile fabric.
- the barrier layer prevents swelling of the support insofar as the support, taken alone, does not possess sufficient resistance to water and / or moisture.
- the durability of the wearer is i.a. depending on which binder was used in the production of the carrier.
- the barrier layer causes the concrete-facing side or surface of the formwork according to the invention, comprising the textile fabric and the Barrier layer, a sufficient water or moisture barrier effect towards the wearer out.
- the barrier layer can be obtained or applied, for example, by incorporating a corresponding polymer film, flocking with thermoplastic polymer materials or applying hydrophobic materials to the side of the backing facing the textile fabric.
- films are preferably used.
- films of B-stage capable materials are used.
- B-stage-capable materials are preferably furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and mixtures thereof. Films based on formaldehyde-free materials are also preferred.
- the functional material used according to c) are preferably materials which facilitate the shuttering and are customary in concrete technology or formwork technology.
- functional materials or auxiliaries its here called release agent, water repellents, scarf oils, this list is not exhaustive.
- step c) characterized in that a three-dimensional structuring of the surface during step c) takes place.
- step e this is done by means of known coating, printing, spraying or painting technologies.
- the drying takes place depending on the selected system.
- the application of the functional material can also be done on site, i. during or after the construction of the concrete form, done before filling the concrete.
- the support is first formed in step a) or the textile fabric is already applied flat during the production of the support.
- the pressing of the carrier formed takes place together with the finished textile fabric, wherein the textile fabric is introduced into the pressing or drying device for the carrier accordingly.
- the preparation of the composite of carrier and textile fabric can be continuous or discontinuous.
- the textile fabric supplied in accordance with step b) is already used in some other pre-consolidated manner, e.g. through other chemical binders.
- the fabric is provided with an additional B-stage capable binder and bonded to the backing, with the first stage of consolidation of the B-stage capable binder resulting in attachment or fixation of the fabric to the backing.
- a desired structuring e.g. by structured press plates or rolls, or else a particularly smooth surface, e.g. is produced and fixed by means of particularly smooth press plates or rolls.
- the B-stage binder is finally solidified.
- barrier layer between the support and the textile fabric
- it may already be present as equipment on the support supplied in accordance with step a), or it may be incorporated in an additional step between step a) and b).
- the barrier layer can be present both in the form of an independent layer or as a coating on the support.
- Another object of the present invention is a formwork form for concrete, which is produced from the formwork according to the invention or at least partially.
- the formwork according to the invention can also be offered in the form of formwork panels, which are also the subject of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes the use of the formwork, formwork panels and molds according to the invention for the production of concrete moldings and for the production of concrete surfaces.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Claims (17)
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton comprenant:a) au moins un support,b) au moins un tissu en nappe disposé à plat sur au moins un des deux côtés du support et ayant été solidifié à l'aide d'au moins un liant capable de passer à l'état B,c) au besoin, un ou plusieurs matériaux fonctionnels disposés sur le côté supérieur du tissu en nappe solidifié à l'aide de liant à l'état B ou intégrés au tissu en nappe,caractérisé en ce que la surface du tissu en nappe présente une structure tridimensionnelle.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le support est une pièce de bois, idéalement en forme de plaque ou de filaments.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de bois est en contreplaqué ou en bois stratifié, en amalgame de copeaux de bois, notamment des plaques de serrage et OSB (Oriented Strand Boards), en matière fibroligneuse, notamment des panneaux de fibre de bois poreux, des panneaux de fibre de bois durs (haute densité) (HDF), des panneaux de fibre de moyenne densité (MDF) ou en Arboform.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon les revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de bois se compose d'une ou plusieurs couches.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tissu en nappe comprend des fibres en polymères synthétiques, des fibres céramiques, des fibres minérales ou de verre ainsi que des mélanges de ces derniers.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tissu en nappe est une toile de fibre minérale dont la masse surfacique est idéalement comprise entre 15 et 500 g/m2.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tissu en nappe est une toile de fibre de verre dont la masse surfacique est idéalement comprise entre 15 et 500 g/m2.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tissu en nappe est une toile de polymères synthétiques, idéalement en non-tissé, dont la masse surfacique est idéalement comprise entre 10 et 500 g/m2.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la quantité de liant solidifié à l'état B, par rapport au poids total du tissu en nappe avec le liant sec, est d'au moins 30 % en poids, idéalement d'au moins 35 % en poids, l'indication du poids comprenant au besoin également un outil de travail inclus dans le système de liant.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le liant ayant la capacité de passer à l'état B est un liant à base d'alcool furfurylique-formaldéhyde, de phénol-formaldéhyde, de mélamine-formaldéhyde, d'urée-formaldéhyde ou de mélanges de ces derniers, ceux-ci étant idéalement utilisés en tant que systèmes humides.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le liant ayant la capacité de passer à l'état B ne contient pas de formaldéhyde.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la surface du tissu en nappe présente une structure tridimensionnelle sous la forme de rainures ou de boucles.
- Panneau de coffrage pour le béton selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les structures tridimensionnelles se rejoignent entre elles, ce qui permet un drainage; idéalement, la structure tridimensionnelle prend une forme de rainure et présente un creux ou une élévation de 3 mm max. ou
une largeur de 3 mm max. - Procédé de production d'un coffrage pour la fabrication d'un moule à béton comprenant les mesures suivantes:a) Introduction d'un support,b) Disposition à plat d'un tissu en nappe sur au moins une surface du support, le tissu en nappe présentant au moins un liant à l'état B,c) Plastification de la structure obtenue en b) sous l'action de pression et de chaleur de façon à solidifier le liant présent à l'état B et, le cas échéant,d) la pose d'au moins un matériau fonctionnel suivi d'un séchage,caractérisé en ce que l'étape c) permet d'obtention d'une structure de surface tridimensionnelle.
- Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le support est formé d'abord à l'étape a) ou que, durant la production du support, le tissu en nappe est déjà disposé à plat.
- Procédé de production d'un coffrage pour la fabrication d'un moule à béton comprenant les mesures suivantes:a) Introduction d'un support,b) Disposition à plat d'un tissu en nappe sur au moins une surface du support, le tissu en nappe étant présolidifié au moyen d'un liant incapable de passer à l'état B ou d'un système de liants, et le tissu en nappe présentant également au moins un liant ayant la capacité de passer à l'état B,c) Plastification de la structure obtenue en b) sous l'action de pression et de chaleur de façon à solidifier au moins partiellement le liant présent à l'état B,d) Structuration tridimensionnelle de la surface de la structure obtenue en c) et fixation par solidification du liant présent à l'état B, au besoin simultanément à l'étape c),e) et si nécessaire la pose d'au moins un matériau fonctionnel suivi d'un séchage.
- Moule de coffrage pour béton contenant au moins un panneau de coffrage pour béton selon les revendications 1 à 13.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL10000059T PL2208836T3 (pl) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Deskowanie do betonu i sposób jego wytwarzania |
EP15151632.5A EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009004573A DE102009004573A1 (de) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | Betonschalung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15151632.5A Division-Into EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
EP15151632.5A Division EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2208836A1 EP2208836A1 (fr) | 2010-07-21 |
EP2208836B1 true EP2208836B1 (fr) | 2015-03-11 |
Family
ID=42123031
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10000059.5A Active EP2208836B1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton et son procédé de fabrication |
EP15151632.5A Withdrawn EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15151632.5A Withdrawn EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-01-07 | Coffrage en béton, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2208836B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102009004573A1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2208836T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2377684A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | Johns Manville Europe GmbH | Nouvelles matières premières composites, leur procédé de fabrication et leur utilisation dans le domaine du revêtement de sol |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2175635B (en) | 1985-05-28 | 1988-06-08 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Formwork |
US4856754A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1989-08-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kumagaigumi | Concrete form shuttering having double woven fabric covering |
DE69001541D1 (de) | 1989-11-20 | 1993-06-09 | Du Pont | Schaltung fuer gemusterten beton. |
DE4008043A1 (de) | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-19 | Hoechst Ag | Traegerbahn fuer dachunterspannbahnen |
ES2100414T3 (es) | 1992-10-02 | 1997-06-16 | Hoechst Ag | Banda continua bituminada para subtender en tejados y banda continua de soporte para ella. |
US5837620A (en) | 1996-10-10 | 1998-11-17 | Johns Manville International, Inc. | Fiber glass mats and method of making |
DE102007008424A1 (de) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Neue Verbundwerkstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
-
2009
- 2009-01-14 DE DE102009004573A patent/DE102009004573A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-01-07 EP EP10000059.5A patent/EP2208836B1/fr active Active
- 2010-01-07 EP EP15151632.5A patent/EP2886743A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-01-07 PL PL10000059T patent/PL2208836T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2208836A1 (fr) | 2010-07-21 |
DE102009004573A1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
PL2208836T3 (pl) | 2015-08-31 |
EP2886743A1 (fr) | 2015-06-24 |
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