EP2054616B1 - Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange - Google Patents

Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2054616B1
EP2054616B1 EP07787264.6A EP07787264A EP2054616B1 EP 2054616 B1 EP2054616 B1 EP 2054616B1 EP 07787264 A EP07787264 A EP 07787264A EP 2054616 B1 EP2054616 B1 EP 2054616B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starter
combustion engine
internal combustion
insulating
insulating part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP07787264.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2054616A1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Post
Hartmut Wanner
Uwe Daurer
Gerhard Kraemer
Oliver Neumann
Jochen Kuch
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL07787264T priority Critical patent/PL2054616T3/en
Publication of EP2054616A1 publication Critical patent/EP2054616A1/en
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Publication of EP2054616B1 publication Critical patent/EP2054616B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/006—Assembling or mounting of starting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with a housing, on which a mounting flange that can be assigned to the internal combustion engine is formed.
  • Starters are known from the prior art, which have a mounting flange, which is formed integrally with the starter or with a part of the starter, in particular with the so-called A-bearing.
  • the mounting flange is shaped and dimensioned depending on the size of the starter and / or depending on individual customer requirements.
  • an embodiment of the mounting flange in steel or aluminum always results in an electrical connection of the starter to the engine.
  • an isolated structure of the starter is desired to keep the electrical system of a motor vehicle separated from the engine.
  • the starter can be constructed so isolated that the current-carrying parts of the starter are electrically separated from the housing.
  • this internal insulation is reduced over time, since the abrasion deposits as a coal dust film in the interior of the housing, so that a galvanic connection with the starter housing and thus with the internal combustion engine can occur.
  • US 5847471 is a starter known for an internal combustion engine. This starter has a housing to which a combustion engine assignable mounting flange is attached.
  • the fastening flange is assigned at least one electrically insulating insulating part, so that there is no electrical connection between the starter and the internal combustion engine or a starter housing and an internal combustion engine housing. This eliminates the need for a complex internal insulation of the starter and a permanent electrical insulation between the starter and the engine can be ensured.
  • the insulating member is at least partially made of an electrically insulating material to electrically disconnect the starter from the engine.
  • the starter is connected solely to the internal combustion engine via the insulating part. This means that there is no direct contact between the internal combustion engine and the starter, and so a reliable electrical decoupling of the internal combustion engine is realized by the starter, so that the internal combustion engine has no electrical contact via the starter to the electrical system of the motor vehicle.
  • the insulating part has at least one region, which consists of the electrically insulating material and is formed over the entire cross section or a partial region of the cross section.
  • an electrically conductive region follows an electrically insulating region.
  • the partial region which consists of the electrically insulating material protrudes from an end face of the insulating part associated with the internal combustion engine and / or the starter, so that an electrically conductive region of the insulating part does not come into direct contact with the internal combustion engine and / or with the starter comes.
  • At least one electrically insulating insulating element is arranged on the insulating part, wherein the insulating element is attached to one of the end sides of the insulating part, for example by gluing.
  • the insulating part may thus for example basically consist of an electrically conductive material and obtain its insulating effect solely by insulating elements arranged thereon.
  • the insulating element is advantageously designed as a Isolierplättchen or insulating ring.
  • a plurality of insulating plates are distributed over the circumference of the insulating part mounted on at least one end face.
  • the insulating ring can be provided as a washer for nuts or screw heads, which serve to secure the insulating part.
  • the insulating part in the region of a screw opening and / or on the inside of the openings made of the insulating material, so that a partial insulation can be produced without having to do without the mechanical strength values of the originally used material for the retaining flange.
  • an equivalent is advantageously molded sleeve, which consists of the insulating material disposed in the opening.
  • the entire insulating part is made of the insulating material, so that it can be made as simple and inexpensive as possible and secure isolation between the starter and the internal combustion engine is ensured.
  • the insulating part is preferably designed as a holding flange that can be assigned to the internal combustion engine.
  • the starter can be attached to the internal combustion engine via the insulating part or the retaining flange.
  • the retaining flange is designed as a rotary flange which can be arranged twisted in at least two positions on the starter and / or on the internal combustion engine.
  • This has the advantage that the specific installation position of the starter on an internal combustion engine and in a space available, such as in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle, does not need to be clarified in advance and implemented accordingly.
  • the retaining flange has a substantially circular ring shape. This offers the simple possibility to realize in a small space a rotation of the starter about its axial orientation.
  • the retaining flange and / or the mounting flange of the starter is advantageously designed so that the starter can be rotated stepwise about the axis of rotation of the drive shaft and secured in several specific positions.
  • At least one opening or screw opening is hole or slot-shaped educated.
  • the arrangement of a plurality of hole-shaped, so circular, screw holes or holes in the retaining flange a stepwise rotation of the starter and / or the internal combustion engine is possible.
  • a slot design By means of a slot design, a continuous rotation of the starter about its axial orientation is realized in a simple manner.
  • the respective screw openings of course correspond with corresponding passage and / or threaded openings on the mounting flange and / or the housing of the internal combustion engine.
  • the insulating element may also be advantageously formed as an insulating intermediate ring whose axis is congruent with the axis of the formed as a retaining flange, annular insulating part.
  • the screw holes, hole or slot-like, can be electrically isolated as described above.
  • ceramic, plastic and / or an insulating composite material is provided as the insulating material.
  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, with a starter as described above.
  • the advantage is that an electrical insulation from the engine to the starter is permanently ensured by the insulating part.
  • the invention relates to a retaining flange for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter of a motor vehicle, wherein the retaining flange is formed as an insulating part and at least partially made of an electrically insulating material and / or has at least one arranged on the retaining flange electrically insulating insulating member, so a structural unit, such as an internal combustion engine, to which the electric machine is to be fastened by means of the retaining flange, is electrically decoupled from the electrical machine.
  • the retaining flange is designed as a rotatable in at least two positions arranged rotary flange.
  • FIG. 1 shows as an embodiment of the invention in a perspective exploded view of a part of a starter 1 according to the invention and designed as a retaining flange insulating part 2, which is shown spaced from the starter 1.
  • the illustrated part of the starter 1 is designed as a so-called A-bearing 3 and has a mounting flange 4.
  • the mounting flange 4 has a substantially annular contact surface 5, which is aligned perpendicular to a rotational axis 6 of the starter 1, wherein the axis of rotation 6 denotes the axis about which a starter shaft, not shown here with a drive pinion thereon, during the starting process Engages in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine, rotates.
  • a conically formed centering projection 7 is arranged, which has an opening 8 in the middle, through which the drive pinion of the starter 1 is guided.
  • the diameter of the Inner diameter of the formed in the insulating part 2 ring opening 10 corresponds approximately.
  • a plurality of circumferentially distributed screw openings 11 are arranged on a radius about the axis of rotation 6, wherein not all repeating elements, such as the screw hole 11, are provided in the figures with reference numerals.
  • the insulating part 2 designed as a retaining flange or flange ring has screw openings 12 on a radius, which in the assembled state correspond to the screw openings 11, wherein the insulating part 2 can be rotated about the axis of rotation 6 such that the screw openings 12 formed on the insulating part 2 can be optionally with different Screw openings 11 of the starter 1 correspond, so that the insulating part 2 can be fixed in different positions on the mounting flange 4 of the starter 1 and the A-bearing 3.
  • the screw openings 11 and the attachment openings 12 are advantageously aligned axially parallel to the axis of rotation 6.
  • the insulating part 2 is thereby pushed with its ring opening 10 on the shoulder 9 until its rear side 13 rests on the contact surface 5.
  • the insulating part 2 and the retaining flange has three mutually offset by 120 ° mounting holes 14 which lie on a radius which is greater than that of the screw openings 11 and 12.
  • the mounting flange 4 has at its disposal 15 recesses 16 which are shaped and are arranged, that guided through the mounting holes 14 screws, which serve for example for fixing the insulating part 2 to the internal combustion engine, can be guided past the mounting flange 4.
  • the recesses 16 are shaped so that the screw heads of the screws carried out lie in the recesses 16.
  • the recesses 16 are also arranged so that the retaining flange 2 can be secured in a plurality of positions on the mounting flange 4.
  • the starter 1 may be desired by the customer that there is no electrical contact between the starter 1 and an internal combustion engine to which the starter 1 is attached.
  • the starter is often isolated, so that no electrical currents or voltages are passed through its housing.
  • the internal insulation is reduced by the abrasion of the carbon brushes in the starter, because carbon dust is deposited as a thin film on the housed in the housing components of the starter and the inside of the housing, and so makes a galvanic connection.
  • the insulating part 2 is at least partially made of an electrically insulating material.
  • the insulating part 2 may advantageously comprise one or more areas of electrically insulating material, which are arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation 6, so that no electrical contact from the starter 1 via the insulating part 2 to one of the end face 17 of the insulating part 2 associated combustion engine is formed.
  • the areas around the screw openings 12 and / or the attachment openings 14 may be made of the electrically insulating material, so that at least partial insulation is ensured and the strength values of the originally used material continue to be used.
  • the electrically insulating material used is preferably ceramic, plastic and / or an electrically insulating composite material.
  • FIG. 2 shows the starter 1 with the insulating part 2 in the assembled state in a side view.
  • the insulating part 2 has an axially projecting projection 18 enclosing the ring opening 10, which is at the assembly for centering as well as positioning of the insulating part 2 and the starter 1 to the internal combustion engine is used.
  • the centering projection 7 is used only during the assembly of the starter 1 on the insulating part 2 or the internal combustion engine as centering, in the installed state it is not in contact with the internal combustion engine or a motor flange formed on a housing of the internal combustion engine. In the assembled state also not shown here starter shaft of the starter 1 is mounted in the centering 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows the A-bearing 3 of the starter 1 with the insulating part 2 arranged thereon in a perspective view overlooking the end face 17 of the insulating part 2.
  • the insulating part 2 can be rotated in the direction of the arrows 19 or 20, so that the starter 1 in the built Condition Can be aligned in different positions on the internal combustion engine. In the embodiment shown here, a total of nine different positions are possible.
  • the insulating material provided is ceramic, plastic and / or an insulating composite material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Starter für einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeugs, mit einem Gehäuse, an dem ein dem Verbrennungsmotor zuordenbarer Befestigungsflansch ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with a housing, on which a mounting flange that can be assigned to the internal combustion engine is formed.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Starter bekannt, die einen Befestigungsflansch aufweisen, welcher einstückig mit dem Starter beziehungsweise mit einem Teil des Starters, insbesondere mit dem so genannten A-Lager, ausgebildet ist. Der Befestigungsflansch wird dabei in Abhängigkeit der Baugröße des Starters und/oder in Abhängigkeit von individuellen Kundenwünschen geformt und dimensioniert.Starters are known from the prior art, which have a mounting flange, which is formed integrally with the starter or with a part of the starter, in particular with the so-called A-bearing. The mounting flange is shaped and dimensioned depending on the size of the starter and / or depending on individual customer requirements.

Eine Ausführung des Befestigungsflansches in Stahl oder Aluminium ergibt dabei immer eine elektrischen Verbindung des Starters zum Verbrennungsmotor. Bei einigen Applikationen wird allerdings ein isolierter Aufbau des Starters gewünscht, um das Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs von dem Verbrennungsmotor getrennt zu halten. Hierfür kann der Starter beispielsweise so isoliert aufgebaut werden, dass die stromführenden Teile des Starters von dem Gehäuse elektrisch getrennt werden. Durch den im Betrieb entstehenden Abrieb der Kohlebürsten wird im Laufe der Zeit diese interne Isolation vermindert, da sich der Abrieb als Kohlenstaubfilm im Inneren des Gehäuses absetzt, und so eine galvanische Verbindung mit dem Startergehäuse und damit mit dem Verbrennungsmotor entstehen kann. Aus der US-5847471 ist ein Starter für einen Verbrennungsmotor bekannt. Dieser Starter weist ein Gehäuse auf, an dem ein dem Verbrennungsmotor zuordenbarer Befestigungsflansch angesetzt ist.An embodiment of the mounting flange in steel or aluminum always results in an electrical connection of the starter to the engine. In some applications, however, an isolated structure of the starter is desired to keep the electrical system of a motor vehicle separated from the engine. For this purpose, for example, the starter can be constructed so isolated that the current-carrying parts of the starter are electrically separated from the housing. As a result of the abrasion of the carbon brushes that arises during operation, this internal insulation is reduced over time, since the abrasion deposits as a coal dust film in the interior of the housing, so that a galvanic connection with the starter housing and thus with the internal combustion engine can occur. From the US 5847471 is a starter known for an internal combustion engine. This starter has a housing to which a combustion engine assignable mounting flange is attached.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Befestigungsflansch mindestens ein elektrisch isolierendes Isolierteil zugeordnet, sodass keine elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Starter und dem Verbrennungsmotor beziehungsweise einem Startergehäuse und einem Verbrennungsmotorgehäuse besteht. Dadurch kann auf eine aufwendige interne Isolation des Starters verzichtet und eine dauerhafte elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem Starter und dem Verbrennungsmotor gewährleistet werden.According to the invention, the fastening flange is assigned at least one electrically insulating insulating part, so that there is no electrical connection between the starter and the internal combustion engine or a starter housing and an internal combustion engine housing. This eliminates the need for a complex internal insulation of the starter and a permanent electrical insulation between the starter and the engine can be ensured.

Zweckmäßigerweise besteht das Isolierteil zumindest teilweise aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material, um den Starter elektrisch von dem Verbrennungsmotor zu trennen. Bevorzugt ist der Starter allein über das Isolierteil mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verbunden. Das bedeutet, dass zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor und dem Starter kein direkter Kontakt besteht, und so eine sichere elektrische Abkopplung des Verbrennungsmotors von dem Starter realisiert ist, sodass der Verbrennungsmotor keinen elektrischen Kontakt über den Starter zum Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs hat.Conveniently, the insulating member is at least partially made of an electrically insulating material to electrically disconnect the starter from the engine. Preferably, the starter is connected solely to the internal combustion engine via the insulating part. This means that there is no direct contact between the internal combustion engine and the starter, and so a reliable electrical decoupling of the internal combustion engine is realized by the starter, so that the internal combustion engine has no electrical contact via the starter to the electrical system of the motor vehicle.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist das Isolierteil mindestens einen Bereich auf, der aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material besteht und über den gesamten Querschnitt oder einen Teilbereich des Querschnitts ausgebildet ist. Es folgt also beispielsweise in Verbindungsrichtung im Isolierteil ein elektrisch leitender Bereich auf einen elektrisch isolierenden Bereich. Durch die Ausbildung des isolierenden Bereichs über den gesamten Querschnitt des Isolierteils ist eine vollständige elektrische Entkopplung der zwei durch das Isolierteil verbundenen Baueinheiten möglich.According to a development of the invention, the insulating part has at least one region, which consists of the electrically insulating material and is formed over the entire cross section or a partial region of the cross section. Thus, for example, in the connection direction in the insulating part, an electrically conductive region follows an electrically insulating region. By forming the insulating region over the entire cross section of the insulating part, a complete electrical decoupling of the two units connected by the insulating part is possible.

Zweckmäßigerweise ragt der Teilbereich, der aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material besteht, aus einer, dem Verbrennungsmotor und/oder dem Starter zugeordneten Stirnfläche des Isolierteils heraus, sodass ein elektrisch leitender Bereich des Isolierteils, nicht direkt mit dem Verbrennungsmotor und/oder mit dem Starter in Berührung kommt.Expediently, the partial region which consists of the electrically insulating material protrudes from an end face of the insulating part associated with the internal combustion engine and / or the starter, so that an electrically conductive region of the insulating part does not come into direct contact with the internal combustion engine and / or with the starter comes.

Vorteilhafterweise ist an dem Isolierteil mindestens ein elektrisch isolierendes Isolierelement angeordnet, wobei das Isolierelement an einer der Stirnseiten des Isolierteils beispielsweise durch Kleben befestigt ist. Dies bietet eine noch günstigere, leichter herstellbare Möglichkeit einen elektrischen Kontakt zwischen Starter und Verbrennungsmotor zu unterbinden. Das Isolierteil kann so beispielsweise grundsätzlich aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material bestehen und allein durch daran angeordnete Isolierelemente seine isolierende Wirkung erhalten. Das Isolierelement ist dazu vorteilhafterweise als Isolierplättchen oder Isolierring ausgebildet. Vorteilhafterweise sind mehrere Isolierplättchen über den Umfang des Isolierteils verteilt an zumindest einer Stirnseite angebracht. Natürlich muss auch auf eine Isolierung von Befestigungselementen, wie beispielsweise Schrauben geachtet werden, wobei vorteilhafterweise elektrisch nicht leitende Befestigungselemente verwendet werden und/oder die mit den Befestigungselementen in Kontakt stehenden Kontaktbereiche des Isolierteils und/oder des Befestigungsflanschs aus dem isolierenden Material bestehen, oder entsprechend geformte, zugeordnete Isolierelemente aufweisen. Der Isolierring kann dazu als Unterlegscheibe für Muttern oder Schraubenköpfe, die zur Befestigung des Isolierteils dienen, vorgesehen sein.Advantageously, at least one electrically insulating insulating element is arranged on the insulating part, wherein the insulating element is attached to one of the end sides of the insulating part, for example by gluing. This provides an even cheaper, easier to produce way to prevent electrical contact between the starter and internal combustion engine. The insulating part may thus for example basically consist of an electrically conductive material and obtain its insulating effect solely by insulating elements arranged thereon. The insulating element is advantageously designed as a Isolierplättchen or insulating ring. Advantageously, a plurality of insulating plates are distributed over the circumference of the insulating part mounted on at least one end face. Of course, care must also be taken to insulate fasteners, such as screws, advantageously using electrically non-conductive fasteners and / or the contact areas of the insulator and / or mounting flange made of the insulative material in contact with the fasteners, or correspondingly shaped , have associated insulating elements. The insulating ring can be provided as a washer for nuts or screw heads, which serve to secure the insulating part.

Bevorzugt ist das Isolierteil im Bereich einer Schraubenöffnung und/oder an der Innenseite der Öffnungen aus dem isolierenden Material gefertigt, sodass eine partielle Isolierung hergestellt werden kann, ohne dass auf die mechanischen Festigkeitswerte des ursprünglich verwendeten Materials für den Halteflansch verzichtet werden muss. Alternativ dazu ist vorteilhafterweise eine entsprechend geformte Hülse, die aus dem isolierenden Material besteht, in der Öffnung angeordnet.Preferably, the insulating part in the region of a screw opening and / or on the inside of the openings made of the insulating material, so that a partial insulation can be produced without having to do without the mechanical strength values of the originally used material for the retaining flange. Alternatively, an equivalent is advantageously molded sleeve, which consists of the insulating material disposed in the opening.

Vorteilhafterweise ist das gesamte Isolierteil aus dem isolierenden Material gefertigt, sodass dieses möglichst einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann und eine sichere Isolierung zwischen dem Starter und dem Verbrennungsmotor gewährleistet ist.Advantageously, the entire insulating part is made of the insulating material, so that it can be made as simple and inexpensive as possible and secure isolation between the starter and the internal combustion engine is ensured.

Das Isolierteil ist bevorzugt als ein dem Verbrennungsmotor zuordenbarer Halteflansch ausgebildet. So kann der Starter über das Isolierteil beziehungsweise den Halteflansch an dem Verbrennungsmotor befestigt werden.The insulating part is preferably designed as a holding flange that can be assigned to the internal combustion engine. Thus, the starter can be attached to the internal combustion engine via the insulating part or the retaining flange.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Halteflansch als ein am Starter und/oder am Verbrennungsmotor in mindestens zwei Positionen verdreht anordenbarer Drehflansch ausgebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die konkrete Einbaulage des Starters an einem Verbrennungsmotor und in einem dabei zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum, wie beispielsweise in dem Motorraum eines Kraftfahrzeugs, im Vorfeld nicht aufwendig geklärt und entsprechend umgesetzt werden muss. Zweckmäßigerweise weist der Halteflansch eine im Wesentlichen kreisrunde Ringform auf. Dies bietet die einfache Möglichkeit, auf engem Raum eine Verdrehung des Starters um seine axiale Orientierung zu realisieren. Dabei ist der Halteflansch und/oder der Befestigungsflansch des Starters vorteilhafterweise so ausgebildet, dass der Starter schrittweise um die Drehachse der Antriebswelle verdreht und in mehreren, bestimmten Positionen befestigt werden kann. Dadurch wird die Entwicklung eines passenden Befestigungsflansches für einen Verbrennungsmotor erleichtert, da durch eine zweiteilige Lösung in Form des Starters mit einem daran angeordneten verdrehbaren, separaten Halteflansch, beziehungsweise Isolierteil, welcher einen Freiheitsgrad bezüglich der Ausrichtung des Starters an dem Verbrennungsmotor ermöglicht, die Anbauposition des Starters in gewissen Grenzen an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten, also an den Bauraum, angepasst werden kann. Vorteilhafterweise ist mindestens eine Öffnung beziehungsweise Schraubenöffnung loch- oder langlochförmig ausgebildet. Durch die Anordnung mehrerer lochförmiger, also kreisförmiger, Schraubenöffnungen beziehungsweise Bohrungen in dem Halteflansch ist eine schrittweise Verdrehung des Starters und/oder des Verbrennungsmotors möglich. Mittels einer Langlochausführung ist ein stufenloses Verdrehen des Starters um seine axiale Orientierung auf einfache Art und Weise realisiert. Dabei korrespondieren die jeweiligen Schraubenöffnungen natürlich mit entsprechenden Durchführungs- und/oder Gewindeöffnungen an dem Befestigungsflansch und/oder dem Gehäuse des Verbrennungsmotors. Das Isolierelement kann auch vorteilhafterweise als Isolier-Zwischenring ausgebildet sein, dessen Achse deckungsgleich mit der Achse des als Halteflansch ausgebildeten, kreisringförmigen Isolierteils ist. Die Schraubenöffnungen, loch- oder langlochförmig, können wie oben beschrieben elektrisch isoliert werden.Advantageously, the retaining flange is designed as a rotary flange which can be arranged twisted in at least two positions on the starter and / or on the internal combustion engine. This has the advantage that the specific installation position of the starter on an internal combustion engine and in a space available, such as in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle, does not need to be clarified in advance and implemented accordingly. Conveniently, the retaining flange has a substantially circular ring shape. This offers the simple possibility to realize in a small space a rotation of the starter about its axial orientation. In this case, the retaining flange and / or the mounting flange of the starter is advantageously designed so that the starter can be rotated stepwise about the axis of rotation of the drive shaft and secured in several specific positions. This facilitates the development of a suitable mounting flange for an internal combustion engine, since the mounting position of the starter can be achieved by a two-part solution in the form of the starter with a rotatable, separate holding flange or insulating part which allows a degree of freedom with respect to the orientation of the starter on the internal combustion engine within certain limits to the local conditions, so the space can be adjusted. Advantageously, at least one opening or screw opening is hole or slot-shaped educated. The arrangement of a plurality of hole-shaped, so circular, screw holes or holes in the retaining flange a stepwise rotation of the starter and / or the internal combustion engine is possible. By means of a slot design, a continuous rotation of the starter about its axial orientation is realized in a simple manner. In this case, the respective screw openings of course correspond with corresponding passage and / or threaded openings on the mounting flange and / or the housing of the internal combustion engine. The insulating element may also be advantageously formed as an insulating intermediate ring whose axis is congruent with the axis of the formed as a retaining flange, annular insulating part. The screw holes, hole or slot-like, can be electrically isolated as described above.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist als isolierendes Material Keramik, Kunststoff und/oder ein isolierender Verbundwerkstoff vorgesehen.Conveniently, ceramic, plastic and / or an insulating composite material is provided as the insulating material.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Starter wie er oben beschrieben wurde. Der Vorteil liegt darin, dass eine elektrische Isolation von dem Verbrennungsmotor zu dem Starter dauerhaft durch das Isolierteil gewährleistet ist.Furthermore, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, with a starter as described above. The advantage is that an electrical insulation from the engine to the starter is permanently ensured by the insulating part.

Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung einen Halteflansch für eine elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für einen Starter eines Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei der Halteflansch als Isolierteil ausgebildet ist und zumindest teilweise aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material besteht und/oder mindestens ein an dem Halteflansch angeordnetes elektrisch isolierendes Isolierelement aufweist, sodass eine Baueinheit, wie beispielsweise ein Verbrennungsmotor, an dem die elektrische Maschine mittels des Halteflansches befestigt werden soll, elektrisch von der elektrischen Maschine entkoppelt ist.Moreover, the invention relates to a retaining flange for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter of a motor vehicle, wherein the retaining flange is formed as an insulating part and at least partially made of an electrically insulating material and / or has at least one arranged on the retaining flange electrically insulating insulating member, so a structural unit, such as an internal combustion engine, to which the electric machine is to be fastened by means of the retaining flange, is electrically decoupled from the electrical machine.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Halteflansch als ein in mindestens zwei Positionen verdreht anordenbarer Drehflansch ausgebildet.Advantageously, the retaining flange is designed as a rotatable in at least two positions arranged rotary flange.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand einiger Figuren näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen die

Figur 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Starter mit einem Halteflansch in einer perspektivischen Explosionsdarstellung,
Figur 2
den Starter mit dem Halteflansch in einer Seitenansicht und
Figur 3
den Starter mit dem Halteflansch in einer perspektivischen Draufsicht.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some figures. The show
FIG. 1
a starter according to the invention with a retaining flange in a perspective exploded view,
FIG. 2
the starter with the retaining flange in a side view and
FIG. 3
the starter with the retaining flange in a perspective plan view.

Ausführungsform(en) der ErfindungEmbodiment (s) of the invention

Die Figur 1 zeigt als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Explosionsdarstellung einen Teil eines erfindungsgemäßen Starters 1 und ein als Halteflansch ausgebildetes Isolierteil 2, das beabstandet von dem Starter 1 dargestellt ist. Der dargestellte Teil des Starters 1 ist als so genanntes A-Lager 3 ausgebildet und weist einen Befestigungsflansch 4 auf. Der Befestigungsflansch 4 weist eine im Wesentlichen kreisringförmige Anlagefläche 5 auf, die senkrecht zu einer Drehachse 6 des Starters 1 ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Drehachse 6 die Achse kennzeichnet, um die sich eine hier nicht dargestellte Starterwelle mit einem darauf befindlichen Antriebsritzel, das während des Startvorgangs In einen Zahnkranz des Verbrennungsmotors eingreift, dreht. Auf der Anlagefläche 5 ist ein konisch ausgebildeter Zentriervorsprung 7 angeordnet, der in der Mitte eine Öffnung 8 aufweist, durch die das Antriebsritzel des Starters 1 geführt wird. Um den Zentriervorsprung 7 herum ist auf der Anlagefläche 5 eine Schulter 9 ausgebildet, deren Durchmesser dem Innendurchmesser der im Isolierteil 2 ausgebildeten Ringöffnung 10 in etwa entspricht.The FIG. 1 shows as an embodiment of the invention in a perspective exploded view of a part of a starter 1 according to the invention and designed as a retaining flange insulating part 2, which is shown spaced from the starter 1. The illustrated part of the starter 1 is designed as a so-called A-bearing 3 and has a mounting flange 4. The mounting flange 4 has a substantially annular contact surface 5, which is aligned perpendicular to a rotational axis 6 of the starter 1, wherein the axis of rotation 6 denotes the axis about which a starter shaft, not shown here with a drive pinion thereon, during the starting process Engages in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine, rotates. On the contact surface 5, a conically formed centering projection 7 is arranged, which has an opening 8 in the middle, through which the drive pinion of the starter 1 is guided. Around the centering 7 around a shoulder 9 is formed on the contact surface 5, the diameter of the Inner diameter of the formed in the insulating part 2 ring opening 10 corresponds approximately.

In der Anlagefläche 5 sind mehrere über den Umfang verteilt angeordnete Schraubenöffnungen 11 auf einem Radius um die Drehachse 6 angeordnet, wobei nicht alle sich wiederholende Elemente, wie zum Beispiel die Schraubenöffnung 11, in den Figuren mit Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Das als Halteflansch beziehungsweise Flanschring ausgeführte Isolierteil 2 weist auf einem Radius Schraubenöffnungen 12 auf, die im zusammengebauten Zustand mit den Schraubenöffnungen 11 korrespondieren, wobei das Isolierteil 2 so um die Drehachse 6 gedreht werden kann, dass die am Isolierteil 2 ausgebildeten Schraubenöffnungen 12 wahlweise mit unterschiedlichen Schraubenöffnungen 11 des Starters 1 korrespondieren, sodass das Isolierteil 2 in unterschiedlichen Positionen an dem Befestigungsflansch 4 des Starters 1 beziehungsweise des A-Lagers 3 befestigt werden kann. Dazu sind die Schraubenöffnungen 11 und die Befestigungsöffnungen 12 vorteilhafterweise axial parallel zu der Drehachse 6 ausgerichtet. Das Isolierteil 2 wird dabei mit seiner Ringöffnung 10 auf die Schulter 9 geschoben, bis seine Rückseite 13 auf der Anlagefläche 5 aufliegt.In the contact surface 5 a plurality of circumferentially distributed screw openings 11 are arranged on a radius about the axis of rotation 6, wherein not all repeating elements, such as the screw hole 11, are provided in the figures with reference numerals. The insulating part 2 designed as a retaining flange or flange ring has screw openings 12 on a radius, which in the assembled state correspond to the screw openings 11, wherein the insulating part 2 can be rotated about the axis of rotation 6 such that the screw openings 12 formed on the insulating part 2 can be optionally with different Screw openings 11 of the starter 1 correspond, so that the insulating part 2 can be fixed in different positions on the mounting flange 4 of the starter 1 and the A-bearing 3. For this purpose, the screw openings 11 and the attachment openings 12 are advantageously aligned axially parallel to the axis of rotation 6. The insulating part 2 is thereby pushed with its ring opening 10 on the shoulder 9 until its rear side 13 rests on the contact surface 5.

Das Isolierteil 2 beziehungsweise der Halteflansch weist drei um 120° zueinander versetzte Befestigungsöffnungen 14 auf, die auf einem Radius liegen, der größer ist als der der Schraubenöffnungen 11 beziehungsweise 12. Der Befestigungsflansch 4 weist an seinem Umgang 15 Aussparungen 16 auf, die so geformt und angeordnet sind, dass durch die Befestigungsöffnungen 14 geführte Schrauben, die beispielsweise zum Befestigen des Isolierteils 2 an dem Verbrennungsmotor dienen, an dem Befestigungsflansch 4 vorbeigeführt werden können. Vorteilhafterweise sind die Aussparungen 16 so geformt, dass die Schraubenköpfe der durchgeführten Schrauben in den Aussparungen 16 liegen. Dabei sind die Aussparungen 16 ebenfalls so angeordnet, dass der Halteflansch 2 in mehreren Positionen an dem Befestigungsflansch 4 befestigt werden kann.The insulating part 2 and the retaining flange has three mutually offset by 120 ° mounting holes 14 which lie on a radius which is greater than that of the screw openings 11 and 12. The mounting flange 4 has at its disposal 15 recesses 16 which are shaped and are arranged, that guided through the mounting holes 14 screws, which serve for example for fixing the insulating part 2 to the internal combustion engine, can be guided past the mounting flange 4. Advantageously, the recesses 16 are shaped so that the screw heads of the screws carried out lie in the recesses 16. In this case, the recesses 16 are also arranged so that the retaining flange 2 can be secured in a plurality of positions on the mounting flange 4.

Unter Umständen ist es vom Kunden gewünscht, dass zwischen dem Starter 1 und einem Verbrennungsmotor, an dem der Starter 1 befestigt ist, kein elektrischer Kontakt besteht. Dazu wird der Starter häufig isoliert aufgebaut, sodass keine elektrischen Ströme beziehungsweise Spannungen über sein Gehäuse geleitet werden. Im Laufe der Zeit jedoch wird jedoch durch den Abrieb der im Starter befindlichen Kohlebürsten die interne Isolation vermindert, weil Kohlestaub sich als dünner Film auf den in dem Gehäuse befindlichen Komponenten des Starters und der Innenseite des Gehäuses niederlegt, und so eine galvanische Verbindung herstellt.It may be desired by the customer that there is no electrical contact between the starter 1 and an internal combustion engine to which the starter 1 is attached. For this purpose, the starter is often isolated, so that no electrical currents or voltages are passed through its housing. Over time, however, the internal insulation is reduced by the abrasion of the carbon brushes in the starter, because carbon dust is deposited as a thin film on the housed in the housing components of the starter and the inside of the housing, and so makes a galvanic connection.

Um eine dauerhafte elektrische Isolation des Verbrennungsmotors zu dem Starter 1 zu gewährleisten, ist das Isolierteil 2 zumindest teilweise aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material gefertigt. Dabei kann das Isolierteil 2 vorteilhafterweise einen oder mehrere Bereiche aus elektrisch isolierendem Material aufweisen, die senkrecht zu der Drehachse 6 angeordnet sind, sodass kein elektrischer Kontakt von dem Starter 1 über das Isolierteil 2 zu einem der Stirnfläche 17 des Isolierteils 2 zugeordneten Verbrennungsmotor entsteht. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Bereiche um die Schraubenöffnungen 12 und/oder die Befestigungsöffnungen 14 aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material gefertigt sein, sodass zumindest eine partielle Isolation gewährleistet wird und die Festigkeitswerte des ursprünglich verwendeten Materials weiterhin Verwendung finden. Als elektrisch isolierendes Material wird bevorzugt Keramik, Kunststoff und/oder ein elektrisch isolierender Verbundwerkstoff verwendet.In order to ensure a permanent electrical insulation of the internal combustion engine to the starter 1, the insulating part 2 is at least partially made of an electrically insulating material. In this case, the insulating part 2 may advantageously comprise one or more areas of electrically insulating material, which are arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation 6, so that no electrical contact from the starter 1 via the insulating part 2 to one of the end face 17 of the insulating part 2 associated combustion engine is formed. Alternatively or additionally, the areas around the screw openings 12 and / or the attachment openings 14 may be made of the electrically insulating material, so that at least partial insulation is ensured and the strength values of the originally used material continue to be used. The electrically insulating material used is preferably ceramic, plastic and / or an electrically insulating composite material.

Beim Eingriff des Antriebsritzels des Starters 1 in einen Zahnkranz des Verbrennungsmotors wird die elektrische Isolation zwar aufgehoben, ist aber in diesem Fall unproblematisch für den Betrieb. Figur 2 zeigt den Starter 1 mit dem Isolierteil 2 im zusammengebautem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht. In dieser Darstellung ist deutlich zu erkennen, dass das Isolierteil 2 einen die Ringöffnung 10 umschließenden axial hervorstehenden Vorsprung 18 aufweist, der bei der Montage zur Zentrierung bezlehungsweise Positionierung des Isolierteils 2 beziehungsweise des Starters 1 an dem Verbrennungsmotor dient. Der Zentriervorsprung 7 dient nur bei der Montage des Starters 1 an dem Isolierteil 2 beziehungsweise dem Verbrennungsmotor als Zentrierhilfe, im eingebauten Zustand steht er nicht in Kontakt mit dem Verbrennungsmotor beziehungsweise einem an einem Gehäuse des Verbrennungsmotors ausgebildeten Motorflansch. Im montierten Zustand wird außerdem die hier nicht dargestellte Starterwelle des Starters 1 in dem Zentriervorsprung 7 gelagert.When engaging the drive pinion of the starter 1 in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine, the electrical insulation is indeed canceled, but is unproblematic for operation in this case. FIG. 2 shows the starter 1 with the insulating part 2 in the assembled state in a side view. In this illustration, it can be clearly seen that the insulating part 2 has an axially projecting projection 18 enclosing the ring opening 10, which is at the assembly for centering as well as positioning of the insulating part 2 and the starter 1 to the internal combustion engine is used. The centering projection 7 is used only during the assembly of the starter 1 on the insulating part 2 or the internal combustion engine as centering, in the installed state it is not in contact with the internal combustion engine or a motor flange formed on a housing of the internal combustion engine. In the assembled state also not shown here starter shaft of the starter 1 is mounted in the centering 7.

Die Figur 3 zeigt das A-Lager 3 des Starters 1 mit dem daran angeordneten Isolierteil 2 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung mit Blick auf die Stirnfläche 17 des Isolierteils 2. Das Isolierteil 2 kann in die Richtung der Pfeile 19 oder 20 gedreht werden, sodass der Starter 1 im eingebauten Zustand In unterschiedlichen Positionen an dem Verbrennungsmotor ausgerichtet werden kann. In dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind insgesamt neun unterschiedliche Positionen möglich.The FIG. 3 shows the A-bearing 3 of the starter 1 with the insulating part 2 arranged thereon in a perspective view overlooking the end face 17 of the insulating part 2. The insulating part 2 can be rotated in the direction of the arrows 19 or 20, so that the starter 1 in the built Condition Can be aligned in different positions on the internal combustion engine. In the embodiment shown here, a total of nine different positions are possible.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ragt aus der dem Verbrennungsmotor zugeordneten Stirnfläche 17 des Isolierteils 2 ein Teilbereich, bestehend aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material, so heraus, dass ein direkter Kontakt von elektrisch leitenden Bereichen des Isolierteils 2 mit dem Verbrennungsmotor nicht besteht und so kein elektrisches Potential übertragen werden kann.In a further embodiment, protrudes from the combustion engine associated end face 17 of the insulating part 2, a portion consisting of the electrically insulating material out so that a direct contact of electrically conductive regions of the insulating part 2 does not exist with the engine and so do not transmit electrical potential can be.

Vorteilhafterweise ist als isolierendes Material Keramik, Kunststoff und/oder ein isolierender Verbundwerkstoff vorgesehen.Advantageously, the insulating material provided is ceramic, plastic and / or an insulating composite material.

Claims (12)

  1. Starter for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, having a housing on which a fastening flange which can be associated with the internal combustion engine is formed, characterized in that at least one insulating part (2) is associated with the fastening flange (4) so that there is no electrical connection between the starter and the internal combustion engine.
  2. Starter according to Claim 1, characterized in that the insulating part (2) is at least partially composed of an electrically insulating material.
  3. Starter according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating part (2) has at least one region which is composed of the electrically insulating material and is formed over the entire cross section or a subregion of the cross section.
  4. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subregion projects out of an end face (17), which is associated with the internal combustion engine, and/or out of an end face, which is associated with the starter, of the insulating part (2).
  5. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrically insulating insulating element is arranged on the insulating part (2).
  6. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating element is in the form of an insulating plate or insulating ring.
  7. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating part (2) is produced from the insulating material in the region of at least one screw opening (12, 14).
  8. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire insulating part (2) is composed of the insulating material.
  9. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating part (2) is in the form of a retaining flange which can be associated with the internal combustion engine.
  10. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retaining flange is in the form of a rotary flange which can be arranged on the starter and/or on the internal combustion engine such that it is rotated into at least two positions.
  11. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating material provided is ceramic, plastic and/or an electrically insulating composite material.
  12. Internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, having a starter according to one or more of the preceding claims.
EP07787264.6A 2006-08-16 2007-07-09 Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange Expired - Fee Related EP2054616B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07787264T PL2054616T3 (en) 2006-08-16 2007-07-09 Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006038350A DE102006038350A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2006-08-16 Starter for an internal combustion engine with an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine with a starter, holding flange
PCT/EP2007/056988 WO2008019913A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2007-07-09 Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2054616A1 EP2054616A1 (en) 2009-05-06
EP2054616B1 true EP2054616B1 (en) 2014-05-07

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EP07787264.6A Expired - Fee Related EP2054616B1 (en) 2006-08-16 2007-07-09 Starter for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically insulating insulating part, internal combustion engine having a starter, retaining flange

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Country Link
US (1) US8245681B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2054616B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101501326B (en)
DE (1) DE102006038350A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2054616T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008019913A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5056406B2 (en) * 2007-02-05 2012-10-24 日産自動車株式会社 Starter mounting structure for starting the engine
DE102008002102A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Isolated retaining flange for an electrical machine
DE102008002288B4 (en) * 2008-06-09 2019-08-22 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Retaining flange for electrical machine
US8826877B2 (en) * 2009-10-15 2014-09-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Flexible mounting system for powertrain mounted components
DE102014223804A1 (en) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine with mounting flange
RU167602U1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2017-01-10 Владимир Ильич Арановский Adapter for connecting a gear type starter to an internal combustion engine
WO2018017001A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Владимир Ильич АРАНОВСКИЙ Adapter for connecting geared starter to internal combustion engine
JP6819903B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2021-01-27 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 Connector connection structure

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FR1446485A (en) * 1965-06-11 1966-07-22 Simca Automobiles Sa Device for fixing and suspending a starter on a motor vehicle engine block
US4785679A (en) * 1987-09-03 1988-11-22 The Toro Company Starter motor pinion assembly
US5163335A (en) * 1991-07-15 1992-11-17 Patrick D. Isom Universal starter motor assembly
JP3133893B2 (en) * 1994-04-28 2001-02-13 三菱電機株式会社 Starter device
US5927240A (en) * 1995-04-07 1999-07-27 Maxon; Eric A. Housing shared by vehicle component and disabling switch and decoder
JP3011091B2 (en) * 1995-05-26 2000-02-21 株式会社デンソー Starter
JP3290353B2 (en) * 1996-07-01 2002-06-10 三菱電機株式会社 Engine starter
US6026695A (en) * 1998-06-16 2000-02-22 Ingersoll-Rand Company Engine starter housing and an annular housing extension therefor
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DE102008002102A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Isolated retaining flange for an electrical machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8245681B2 (en) 2012-08-21
DE102006038350A1 (en) 2008-02-21
CN101501326B (en) 2011-02-09
PL2054616T3 (en) 2014-09-30
EP2054616A1 (en) 2009-05-06
WO2008019913A1 (en) 2008-02-21
US20100089354A1 (en) 2010-04-15
CN101501326A (en) 2009-08-05

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