EP1970556A1 - Injecteur - Google Patents

Injecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1970556A1
EP1970556A1 EP07104188A EP07104188A EP1970556A1 EP 1970556 A1 EP1970556 A1 EP 1970556A1 EP 07104188 A EP07104188 A EP 07104188A EP 07104188 A EP07104188 A EP 07104188A EP 1970556 A1 EP1970556 A1 EP 1970556A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
pressure
head
piston
needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07104188A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1970556B1 (fr
Inventor
David Van Bebber
Uwe Reuter
Dietmar Hermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority to EP20070104188 priority Critical patent/EP1970556B1/fr
Priority to DE200750002482 priority patent/DE502007002482D1/de
Publication of EP1970556A1 publication Critical patent/EP1970556A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1970556B1 publication Critical patent/EP1970556B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/705—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for filling or emptying hydraulic chamber, e.g. for compensating clearance or thermal expansion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injector having a arranged in a running with a head side and a foot chamber chamber piezoelement, the foot is assigned a piston which divides the chamber into a foot-side chamber and a head-side chamber, wherein a high-pressure medium line via a connecting line in an injection element opens.
  • the DE 102 54 466 A1 relates to a fuel injection valve.
  • a piezo actuation field of a fuel injection valve drives an actuation piston via a large diameter piston and a pump chamber to push down a valve body of a control valve and to open a low pressure drain port. This is intended to open a nozzle needle and inject fuel.
  • a chamfered part is formed at an upper end of the drainage hole. The chamfered portion is formed so that a channel area increases significantly in an upward direction. Therefore, the energy of a fuel spray jetting out into an overflow chamber is drastically reduced, and a force acting in a direction to inhibit the movement of the agitation piston is reduced.
  • the DE 102 60 289 A1 discloses an injector for fuel injection into an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing having an actuator unit which urges a crankpin on axial actuation of the actuator at its lower end, and means for sealing the actuator unit against a fuel-filled leakage space extending located below the device.
  • the device comprises a flexible plastic ring, which is designed to center the crank pin in the axial direction and tightly enclose. Further, a metal ring is provided which sealingly surrounds the plastic ring and sealingly arranged to the housing and secures against axial displacement in the interior of the housing.
  • the DE 103 33 688 B3 discloses a fuel injector having an injector, a high pressure fuel delivery line to the injector, the pressure in one of said lines connected control chamber of the injection valve controlling control valve whose movable valve member is actuated by an actuator via a hydraulic coupler having two cooperating with a coupler volume of the coupler, linearly arranged one behind the other piston. A cross-sectional area of the movable valve member is pressurized with the control valve closed by the control chamber at high pressure.
  • the fuel injector further includes means for filling the volume of the coupler via guide gaps of the pistons with pressurized fuel. A filling space arranged between the pistons is connected to said conduit.
  • the actuator-facing piston which has a cross-sectional area f4, is mechanically coupled to the actuator via a rod having a smaller cross-sectional area f5 than f4, the other piston having a cross-sectional area f2 via another rod having a smaller cross-sectional area than f2 f1 actuates the control valve.
  • the two opposite ends of the pistons engage in associated translation spaces, which are connected via a channel.
  • the cross-sectional areas are chosen so that f3 + f2 - f1 ⁇ f2, such that the control valve is at least partially balanced with force.
  • the direction of the opening movement of the movable valve member coincides with the direction of fuel flowing out of the control chamber.
  • the DE 198 23 937 B4 describes a servo valve for an injection valve for the injection of fuel into an internal combustion engine with a control chamber, which can be supplied with fuel under system pressure from a high-pressure accumulator and can be brought via an outlet throttle with a non-pressurized return to a fuel tank.
  • the pressure prevailing in the control chamber pressure acts on a movable nozzle body, which is provided with a nozzle needle, which releases or closes injection holes in the movement of the nozzle body.
  • the flow of fuel to and from the control chamber is controlled by the servo-valve, which has a movable valve body and which selectively connects the control chamber to the high-pressure accumulator or connects the control chamber to the non-pressurized return.
  • the outlet throttle is designed as a movable, plate-shaped piston, which is arranged in a space between the control chamber and the servo valve and servo valve side has a sealing surface.
  • the plate-shaped Piston is provided with a drain port and is hydraulically actuated by the fuel flow to and from the control chamber so that when a fuel flow into the control chamber, an inlet opening is opened and at a fuel flow from the control chamber, the inlet opening is closed.
  • the plate-shaped piston is arranged freely movable in the space between the control chamber and the servo valve, wherein the inlet opening is arranged in the plate-shaped piston in the region of the sealing surface.
  • the DE 198 37 890 B4 discloses a fuel injector having a control chamber, wherein the pressure in the control chamber is in operative communication with a nozzle needle and the pressure in the control chamber controls the nozzle needle.
  • the fuel injection valve also has a servo valve, which has a closing body and an associated valve seat, wherein the servo valve between the control chamber and a return channel is arranged.
  • the closing body closes in a closed position a drain, wherein an actuator is provided which actuates the closing body.
  • the closing body has a part-spherical closing head, which is associated with the valve seat.
  • the closing body merges into a closing handle.
  • a valve spring is provided which comprises the closing stem and biases the closing head against the valve seat. It is an inlet channel provided with an inlet throttle to the control chamber, wherein an arranged between the control chamber and the servo valve drain passage is provided, which has an outlet throttle, which limits the fuel drain from the control chamber.
  • the EP 1 167 746 B1 discloses a fuel injection valve device for an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with an injection opening formed therein, a needle valve for opening and closing the injection port, a control chamber formed in the housing for applying a fuel pressure to the needle valve in an opening direction of the needle valve, a spring for applying a Biasing force on the needle valve in a closing direction of the needle valve, a piezoelectric actuator for increasing and decreasing a fuel pressure in the control chamber, a piston which slides with the needle valve and is applied with the fuel pressure of the control chamber, and a pressure accumulating chamber formed in the housing for storing a fuel to be supplied to the injection port.
  • a further control chamber is formed, which communicates with a fuel supply line in communication to apply a fuel pressure on an upper end surface of the piston in the closing direction of the needle valve.
  • the piston is acted upon at its lower end surface in the control chamber with a fuel pressure in the opening direction of the needle valve, wherein the further control chamber communicates via a connecting device with the pressure storage chamber.
  • the EP 1 240 240 B1 revealed like that DE 198 37 890 B4 a fuel injection valve having a control chamber connected to an inlet channel, the pressure in the control chamber being in operative connection with a nozzle needle, and the pressure in the control chamber controlling the nozzle needle, with a servo valve having a closing body and an associated first valve seat, wherein the servo-valve is disposed between the control chamber and a return passage and the closing body closes a drain in a closed position, with an actuator that actuates the closing body, wherein the closing body has a part-spherical closing head, which is associated with the first valve seat. The closing head merges into a closing handle.
  • a valve spring which includes the closing stem and biases the closing head against the first valve seat.
  • the closing body has a central Kopfabflachung, which is associated with the first valve seat.
  • the actuator is in operative connection with a plunger, which is guided through the first valve seat and rests on the Kopfabflachung.
  • the WO 02/061265 discloses a valve for controlling fluids, comprising a valve member axially movable valve member which cooperates with a valve closure member for opening and closing the valve, and having a working as a hydraulic ratio hydraulic chamber which is filled to compensate for leakage losses with liquid, said Hydraulic chamber is connected directly to at least one leading to a high-pressure region filling channel, which has at least one throttle element for adjusting a filling amount of the hydraulic chamber.
  • the JP 2002322957 A discloses a fuel injector for performing a post-injection in the vicinity of a main injection.
  • Internal combustion engines in particular novel diesel engines, use injectors for injecting fuel or diesel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • Each combustion chamber is preferably assigned at least one injector.
  • FIG. 1 is a first generation of injectors shown.
  • the valve 106 or 107 In a closed state, the valve 106 or 107 is closed.
  • the chambers 110 and 109 system pressure prevails. Both chambers 110 and 109 are supplied by the supply line 108.
  • the chamber 111 is connected to at least one throttle 112 to the combustion chamber and thereby acted upon by the pressure of the combustion chamber.
  • the balance of forces on the needle 101 is directed downwards and pushes the needle into the seat 114.
  • the needle As shown in FIG. 1 as well as the following figures of the prior art, the needle is not drawn throughout. It is possible that a one-piece needle or a multi-part needle is used. Is known, combinations of needle and piston rod with possibly additional adapters, such as the EP 1 167 746 is removable, provide. Therefore, the needle is due to the possible one-piece or multi-part design hereinafter referred to as needle unit.
  • the valve or the throttle 106 or 107 is opened.
  • liquid or fuel flows out of the chamber 110 via the throttle 106 or 107 into the return system.
  • the pressure in the chamber 110 drops.
  • the pressure which occurs here is dependent on the flow characteristic of the throttle 105, through which liquid flows into the chamber 110 and the outflow volume flow from the throttle 106 or 107 and the leakage flow along the needle unit and the piston 101st
  • the opening forces on the needle unit predominate and the needle unit moves upward.
  • the seat 114 opens and liquid flows from the supply line 108 via chamber 109 into the chamber 111. From there, the liquid flows via at least one throttle 112 into the combustion chamber.
  • the throttle 106 or 107 is closed, so that the pressure in the chamber 110 increases and the balance of forces on the needle unit 101 is changed so that it moves in the closing direction. After closing system pressure is restored in all chambers.
  • FIG. 1 As a disadvantage of this known injector FIG. 1 is to be considered that an external leakage for the control of the valve is absolutely necessary, with only an indirect control of the valve by a leakage current to the throttles is possible.
  • the lifting speed of the needle unit is disadvantageously determined by the predetermined throttles.
  • a further external leakage is additionally observed on the guide of the needle unit (from chamber 109 or 110 via bearing gaps to the return system).
  • the indirect control of the needle unit a very slow system is provided, the needle speed is only possible by a variation of the throttles (drain throttles 106, 107 or 105 and leakage flow along needle or piston 101).
  • FIG. 2 is shown in a simplified form such a piezo-actuated version, as this example from the EP 1 167 746 is known.
  • this directly actuated version is a piezoelectric element 207 in a chamber with liquid (fuel), which is supplied from a line 206. Via an internal leakage on a cylinder piston 214, the liquid also flows into the chamber 208. This chamber is further connected via a connection with the chamber 211. In the closed state of the injector, the piezoelectric element 207 is driven or charged. The balance of forces on the needle unit 201 holds this as to the embodiment of the known injector FIG. 1 described in the closed state.
  • the piezoelectric element 207 is discharged. As a result, it shortens and the pressure in the chamber 208 decreases. Via the line 209, the pressure in the chamber 211 also falls. As a result, the balance of forces on the needle unit 201 is shifted so far that the injector opens. Low internal leakage on the piston 214 causes fluid to flow from the chamber 215 into chamber 208 and via the connection 209 into the chamber 211. Fluid also flows through the gap between the needle unit 201 and the housing 210 from the chamber 203 into the chamber 211 the pressure in the chambers 208 and 211 rises again and the needle unit closes slowly. This behavior is necessary for the system start (filling of the system) and in case of malfunction, for example, when the piezo element is clamped (emergency closing).
  • the previously described injector is normally closed for approximately 90 to 95% of the operating time of the internal combustion engine.
  • the piezo element must be in this time are kept in a charged state. This means a high electrical and mechanical load on the piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 4 Another variant of a fuel injector or injector, for example, according to the WO2005 / 075811 is in simplified form in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the piezoelectric element 410 is also discharged in the closed state.
  • An opening of the needle unit 401 is achieved by the loading and thus the connected lengths of the piezoelectric element 410.
  • This increases the pressure in the chambers 408 and 405.
  • the chamber 408 is integrated directly into the chamber 405.
  • the pressure increase in the chamber 405 creates an additional force on the needle unit 401, causing it to move to the opening position.
  • the piezo element 410 To close the valve, the piezo element 410 must be discharged again. As a result, the pressure in the chamber 408 and 405 drops, so that a closing resultant force acts on the needle unit 401.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object with simple means to improve an injector of the type mentioned in that the above-mentioned disadvantages are repealed.
  • the object is achieved by a high-pressure connection channel, which communicates with the high-pressure medium line and opens into the foot-side chamber, so that in the head-side chamber, a negative pressure is created when the piezoelectric element is actuated.
  • the invention is based on the finding that so far with direct actuated injectors always the end face of the piezoelectric element used and the volume connected thereto for controlling the Injektornadel or the needle unit have been used. As a result, it is always necessary to accept at least one of the disadvantages listed above. With the invention, however, not the end face, but the inner surface of the piston is used. As a result, an extremely simple construction of an injector is advantageously provided, which has none of the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, the advantageous injector has embodiments which have no control leakage and no constant, external leakage in the closed / open state.
  • a leakage is meant in which the liquid leaves the injector, that is, in a return low-pressure system, for example, passes into a fuel tank.
  • a leakage is meant in which liquid passes through connections, gaps or channels within the injector from one chamber to another chamber.
  • no further mechanical components for reversing the movement are necessary, wherein an increase in pressure for opening the injector can be dispensed with. It is particularly advantageous that the piezoelectric element is discharged during the closed state.
  • the advantageous injector has a small number of components and a low load on the piezoelectric element, wherein an additional pressure increase during the injection of, for example, fuel, in particular diesel in a combustion chamber is possible, wherein the pressure increase may be temporary or limited in time.
  • a gap is arranged so that the head-side chamber via internal leakage flows from the foot-side chamber can be filled or that the two chambers communicate with each other.
  • the head-side chamber is connected via a connecting line with an injection element which has a housing arranged in a needle or needle unit, which is spaced from the head side to a housing head, so that a free space is formed, in which the connecting line opens, and wherein the needle or the needle unit is assigned to a seat at the foot so as to alternately open or close the fuel supply from a gap via the high-pressure medium line to a combustion chamber via an injection chamber and at least one throttle, and wherein the gap between the needle body and the Housing inner wall is arranged.
  • the gap dimension can, seen in the axial direction, have a changing amount in a preferred embodiment, which means that the gap or its gap dimension in front of the seat can be greater than in front of the free space.
  • a spring is arranged, which bears against both the housing head and on the needle head.
  • a check valve may be arranged in the high-pressure medium line.
  • the piston is assigned in a foot side arranged on the piezoelectric element piston rod which engages through a crosspiece arranged in the chamber, wherein the transverse web divides the chamber into a piezo chamber and into a piston chamber, wherein the piston chamber is divided by means of the piston in the head-side chamber and in the foot-side chamber, wherein the high-pressure connection channel opens into the foot-side chamber, so that in the head-side chamber creates a negative pressure when the piezoelectric element is actuated.
  • the piston rod is seen in longitudinal section spaced from the end faces of the transverse web, but it can also be expediently provided that passage openings are arranged in the piston and / or in the transverse web ,
  • the overflow behavior between the chambers can be influenced by additional throttles and / or check valves.
  • the piezochamber is connected via a connecting line with a fuel tank, so that the piezoelectric element is not under high pressure.
  • the piezochammer is no longer connected to the high-pressure medium line, so that the piezochamber is acted upon only with the tank pressure.
  • This ensures that a sealing of the piezoelectric element is easier, but a small (external) leakage must be accepted, since liquid can flow between the arranged between the piston rod and the end faces of the crosspiece gap and get into the tank.
  • the gap height should be as low as possible.
  • the piezo chamber is assigned a sealing element so that between the transverse web and the sealing element, an intermediate chamber is arranged, which may be connected to a return Niederducksystem or the fuel tank.
  • the piezoelectric element can be kept completely dry, wherein in the resulting intermediate chamber only a lower pressure, namely the tank pressure is present, so that here advantageously a simple seal can be used.
  • FIG. 5 shows an injector 1, which has a arranged in a running with a head side 2 and a foot 3 chamber 4 piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is associated with the foot side a piston 7.
  • the piston 7 separates the chamber 4 in a foot-side chamber 8 and a head-side chamber 9.
  • the foot-side chamber 8 is connected via a high-pressure connection channel 11 directly to a high-pressure medium line 12 in conjunction, so that in the head-side chamber 9, a negative pressure is formed when the piezoelectric element 6 is actuated and lengthens, the high-pressure medium line 12 opens via a connecting line 13 in an injection element 14.
  • the injection element 14 has a housing 16 arranged in a needle 17, the head side (needle head) is spaced from a housing head 18 so that a free space 19 is formed.
  • the needle 17 is associated with a seat 21 on the foot side, so as to open or close the fuel supply to a combustion chamber, not shown, alternately.
  • the needle is not drawn throughout. It is possible that a one-piece needle or a multi-part needle is used. Examples of a possible separation level are in FIG. 3 shown. Therefore, the needle is referred to below as a needle unit due to the possible one-piece or multi-part design.
  • the needle 17 protrudes on the foot side into an injection chamber 22.
  • At least one throttle 23 is arranged in the housing 16 in the area of the injection chamber 22 so that liquid can flow or be injected from the injection chamber 22 into the combustion chamber.
  • two throttles 23 are provided as seen in longitudinal section.
  • a gap 26 is arranged between the needle body and a housing inner wall 24 .
  • the gap dimension of the gap 26 may, in a preferred embodiment, have a varying amount in the axial direction, which means that the gap or its gap in front of the seat 21 may be greater than before the free space 19.
  • the injection chamber 22 is connected to the combustion chamber via the throttle (s) 23.
  • the gap 26 or the high-pressure medium line 12 is separated from the injection chamber 22 and thus the combustion chamber.
  • longitudinal section shown is formed between end faces 27 of the piston 7 and a chamber inner wall 28 of the chamber 4, a gap 29 or arranged.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is connected via a connecting line 31 with the injection element 14, wherein the connecting line 31 opens into the free space 19.
  • a spring 32 is arranged in the illustrated embodiment, which bears against both the housing head 18 and the needle head 33.
  • a check valve 34 may be arranged, this option is shown by dash-dot.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is connected on the head side to the head side 2 of the chamber 4.
  • the foot side 3 of the chamber 4 is oriented in the direction of the housing head 18 of the injection element 14.
  • the foot side 3 of the chamber 4 is oriented away from the housing head 18 of the injection element 14, wherein the head side 2 of the chamber 4 is oriented in the direction of the housing head 18 of the injection element 14.
  • the piston 7 is assigned to a foot side arranged on the piezoelectric element 6 piston rod 36.
  • the piston rod 36 passes through a transverse web 37 arranged in the chamber 4, wherein the transverse web 37 divides the chamber 4 into a piezochamber 38 and into a piston chamber 39.
  • the piston chamber 39 is divided by the piston 7 in the head-side chamber 9 and the foot-side chamber 8, wherein the high-pressure connection channel 11 opens directly into the foot-side chamber 8, so that in the head-side chamber 9, a negative pressure is formed when the piezoelectric element 6 is actuated and lengthens.
  • a connection 41 from the high pressure medium line 12 can open directly into the piezo chamber 38.
  • a gap 42 is formed or arranged.
  • a check valve 34 may be provided, which is arranged in the high-pressure medium line 12.
  • FIG. 7 the chamber 4 is oriented with its base 3 in the direction of the housing head 18 of the injection element 14, in contrast to in FIG. 9 again a reverse arrangement similar to that in FIG. 6 is shown.
  • FIG. 7 shows a basic structure of the injector 1.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is integrated in the chamber 4.
  • the chamber 4 or the piezo chamber 38 is preferably connected via the connection 41 directly to the high pressure medium line 12 and thus can always allow a direct pressure equalization between the piezo chamber 38 and the high pressure medium line 12.
  • the connection 41 can also be dispensed with. Since the foot-side chamber 8 is connected directly to the high-pressure medium line 12, a direct pressure equalization can also be made possible here.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is filled with liquid by internal leakage flows from the foot-side chamber 8 (along the piston 7) and the piezo chamber 38 (along the piston rod 36).
  • An additional filling can be achieved by attaching further connections between these chambers, which is exemplified in FIG. 8 is shown.
  • a preferably throttled connection line between the chambers 9 and 19 and the High pressure medium line 12 conceivable.
  • the fürström between the chambers can be influenced by additional throttles and / or check valves.
  • FIG. 8 is the high-pressure connection channel 11 and the connecting line 31 is not shown.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is connected via the connecting line 31 with the free space 19 in the injection element 14, as already described.
  • the connecting line 31 can be changed by flow restrictors and / or check valves in the flow behavior.
  • the free space 19 can additionally be filled by the liquid present in the gap 26 via an internal leakage at the guide of the needle unit.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is energized and thereby elongated.
  • the piston 7 is displaced downwards, that is to say in the direction of the foot 3, and reduces the foot-side chamber 8.
  • the foot-side chamber 8 is connected directly to the high-pressure medium line 12, no or only a minimal increase in pressure results.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is increased. Since the pressure in the head-side chamber 9 can be compensated only by small, internal leakage currents, the pressure drops.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is in communication with the free space 19, whereby here also the pressure drops.
  • the resulting force acts on the needle 17 or on the needle unit in the opening direction and the needle 17 or the needle unit lifts off the seat 21. Now moves the needle 17 and the needle unit as long up until the Balance of forces on the needle 17 and balanced on the needle unit.
  • the pressure in the foot-side chamber 8 changes only slightly, since it is directly connected to the high-pressure medium line 12. Since the piezo chamber 38 is also connected directly to the high-pressure medium line 12 in a preferred embodiment, the pressure changes only slightly here as well.
  • liquid flows through the high-pressure medium line 12 and through the gap 26 via the seat 21 into the injection chamber 22. From there, the liquid continues to flow via the at least one throttle 23 into the combustion chamber or into the combustion chamber.
  • the stroke of the needle 17 or the needle unit in this case depends on the area ratio of the piston surface to the head-side chamber 9 in relation to the needle surface in the free space 19 (A9 / A19). As a result of this area ratio, the needle stroke can thus be changed (amplified or reduced) in comparison to the piezohub.
  • Stroke (needle) stroke (piezo) ⁇ A9 / A19.
  • This internal leakage is preferred so that the chambers 9 and 19, ie the head-side chamber 9 and the free space 19, can be filled with liquid during start-up or in the event of a malfunction (for example a defective piezoelement), thereby injecting the injector 1 or the injection element 14 close. A permanent injection is thereby prevented, which represents a quasi-safety function.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is discharged, whereby it is shortened.
  • the pressure in the head-side chamber 9 and in the free space 19 increases, whereby the balance of forces on the needle 17 and the needle unit is shifted so far that accelerates the needle 17 and the needle unit in its closing direction.
  • the injector 1 is closed and the injection is ended.
  • a transient increase in fluid pressure during injection may be beneficial to combustion.
  • This is possible by the arrangement of the optional check valve 34 in the high-pressure medium line 12.
  • the pressure in the chamber 8 or in the foot-side chamber 8 during the working movement of the piston 7 is no longer compensated via the high-pressure medium line 12. Therefore, the pressure in the foot-side chamber 8 and the gap 26 increases, whereby a higher injection pressure is present.
  • the buoyant force acting on the needle 17 or on the needle unit in the seating area 21 is increased by the higher pressure, so that the opening of the needle 17 and the needle unit is accelerated.
  • the separation of the piezo chamber 38 of the head-side chamber 9 is basically repealed by dispensing with the crossbar. Nevertheless, by means of the piston 7, the head-side chamber 9 and the foot-side chamber 8 are formed. Here, the chamber 4 is no longer connected to the piezoelectric element 6, so in this case the head-side chamber 9 directly to the high-pressure medium line 12.
  • the piston 7 is in the embodiment of the Figures 5 and 6 attached directly to the piezoelectric element 6.
  • the foot-side chamber 8 is connected directly to the high-pressure medium line 12, wherein the free space 19 is connected behind the needle or above the needle 17 or above the needle unit with the head-side chamber 9.
  • the head-side chamber 9 is filled in this embodiment in the non-actuated state of the piezoelectric element 6 by internal leakage to the piston 7 and its recognizable in longitudinal section end faces 27 (gap 29) and the connecting line 31.
  • the clearance 19 is filled by the connecting pipe 13 and internal leakage at the guide of the needle unit (gap 26).
  • system pressure balanced corresponding to the embodiment of the FIGS. 7 and 9 ).
  • the energization of the piezoelectric element 6 causes an elongation of the piezoelectric element 6 and an enlargement of the head-side chamber 9.
  • the pressure in the head-side chamber 9 and via the connecting line 31 also drops into the free space 19.
  • the FIGS. 7 and 9 opens the injection element 14 by the changed force conditions on the needle 17 and on the needle unit.
  • the chambers 19 and 9 or the free space 19 and the head-side chamber 9 are thereby replaced by the internal leaks on the piston 7 and on the needle 17 or on the needle unit slowly filled, which is also preferred here as a security function.
  • This can be influenced by additional connections and / or throttle points between the chambers and / or the high-pressure medium line 12.
  • the pressure in the foot-side chamber 8 is compensated by the high-pressure medium line 12 during the entire process.
  • FIG. 6 In contrast to FIG. 5 has FIG. 6 also only a change in the position of the piezoelectric element 6 and the piston 7 arranged thereon, whereby the basic operation as to FIG. 5 described is not changed.
  • FIGS. 5 to 9 show an injector according to the embodiments of the Figures 10 and 11 reachable.
  • the Figures 10 and 11 show an embodiment or advantageous development of the injector 1 according to the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 9 , In this embodiment, it is considered that the piezoelectric element 6 should not be under high pressure.
  • FIG. 7 is in the embodiment after FIG. 10 provided that the piezochamber 38 is no longer connected directly to the high-pressure medium line 12. Instead, the piezo chamber 38 is connected via a connecting line 43 to a fuel tank 44 or liquid tank. As a result, the piezo chamber 38 is acted upon only with the tank pressure or the pressure prevailing in the medium tank.
  • the sealing of the piezoelectric element 6 is generally easier, but a small, external leakage through the gap 42, which is arranged between the piston rod 36 and the recognizable in longitudinal section end faces 40 of the transverse web 37, and the line 43 must be accepted.
  • the gap height of the gap 42 is kept very low.
  • a sealing element 46 may be provided in addition, as FIG. 10 shows.
  • the sealing element 46 is associated with the piezochamber 38 such that an intermediate chamber 47 is arranged or formed between the transverse web 37 and the sealing element 46.
  • the intermediate chamber 47 is like FIG. 10 can be seen, connected via the connecting line 43 to the fuel tank 44.
  • there is only a slight pressure in the intermediate chamber 47 namely the pressure prevailing in the fuel tank, so that a simple seal can be used here.
  • the piezochamber 38 occurs due to the seal no more liquid.
  • the piezo element is dry.
  • the piston 7 or its piston rod 36 is connected directly to the piezoelectric element 6. It is also conceivable, however, an embodiment, not shown, in which the piston 7 and its piston rod 36 and the piezoelectric element 6 are not necessarily firmly connected.
  • a force accumulator or a spring could be provided, which can be arranged in the foot-side chamber 8. The spring would be supported in the foot-side chamber 8 on the one hand on the piston 7 and the other on the foot side 3, so that the piston 7 is pressed in the direction of the piezoelectric element 6. In this embodiment, tensile stresses on the piezoelectric element 6 would be avoided since no restraining forces can be built up during the shortening of the piezoelectric element.
  • the injector 1 shown in the respective embodiments can be particularly preferably used for injection of diesel fuel into the combustion chamber of diesel engines, without limiting the use thereof.
  • an injection of media preferably liquids thought, as for example in gasoline engines or in the exhaust aftertreatment to name just a few examples different for use in diesel engines.
  • the diesel engines for example, in cars, trucks, ships, buses or Trains are installed.
  • the high-pressure medium line 12 is then preferably designed as a common rail.
  • connection means in the context of the invention, a connection from one place to another, which can be designed as separate lines but of course as an internal channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP20070104188 2007-03-15 2007-03-15 Injecteur Expired - Fee Related EP1970556B1 (fr)

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EP20070104188 EP1970556B1 (fr) 2007-03-15 2007-03-15 Injecteur
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EP1970556B1 EP1970556B1 (fr) 2009-12-30

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012104000A1 (fr) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injecteur de carburant
EP2642110A1 (fr) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Soupape d'injection de combustible
US20130269790A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2013-10-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic temperature compensator and hydraulic lift transmitter
WO2014198510A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injecteur
WO2014206924A1 (fr) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Continental Automotive Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'injecteurs, en particulier d'injecteurs de carburant, ainsi qu'injecteur
EP2949918A1 (fr) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injecteur de carburant

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EP1000240B1 (fr) 1998-05-28 2004-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Soupape d'injection de carburant pour moteurs a combustion interne
DE19837890B4 (de) 1998-08-20 2004-06-03 Siemens Ag Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE19946838C1 (de) * 1999-09-30 2000-10-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten
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DE102004035293A1 (de) * 2004-07-21 2006-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor mit Nadelhubdämpfung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130269790A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2013-10-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic temperature compensator and hydraulic lift transmitter
US9488194B2 (en) * 2010-09-13 2016-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic temperature compensator and hydraulic lift transmitter
WO2012104000A1 (fr) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injecteur de carburant
EP2642110A1 (fr) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Soupape d'injection de combustible
WO2014198510A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injecteur
US10113523B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-10-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injector
WO2014206924A1 (fr) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Continental Automotive Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'injecteurs, en particulier d'injecteurs de carburant, ainsi qu'injecteur
CN105308302A (zh) * 2013-06-26 2016-02-03 大陆汽车有限公司 用于制造喷射器、特别是燃料喷射器的方法及喷射器
CN108518293A (zh) * 2013-06-26 2018-09-11 大陆汽车有限公司 制造喷射器的方法以及使至少两个喷射器配合的方法
US10180123B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2019-01-15 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for producing injectors, in particular fuel injectors
EP2949918A1 (fr) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injecteur de carburant

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EP1970556B1 (fr) 2009-12-30

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