EP1941515B1 - Absaugbares gel zum dekontaminieren von oberflächen und verwendung dafür - Google Patents

Absaugbares gel zum dekontaminieren von oberflächen und verwendung dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1941515B1
EP1941515B1 EP06806930A EP06806930A EP1941515B1 EP 1941515 B1 EP1941515 B1 EP 1941515B1 EP 06806930 A EP06806930 A EP 06806930A EP 06806930 A EP06806930 A EP 06806930A EP 1941515 B1 EP1941515 B1 EP 1941515B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gel
mixture
surfactant
silica
mol
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EP06806930A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1941515B8 (de
EP1941515A2 (de
Inventor
Sylvain Faure
Paul Fuentes
Yvan Lallot
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Orano Demantelement SAS
Original Assignee
Areva NC SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP1941515A2 publication Critical patent/EP1941515A2/de
Publication of EP1941515B1 publication Critical patent/EP1941515B1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/042—Acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a suction gel that can be used for the decontamination of surfaces, as well as to the use of this gel.
  • the decontamination can be for example a radioactive decontamination.
  • the gel can be used on all kinds of surfaces to be treated, such as metal surfaces, plastic surfaces, vitreous material surfaces and / or porous material surfaces (eg concrete surfaces).
  • the gels of the prior art do not dry or in several tens of hours and must all be removed after a few hours by rinsing with water.
  • the rinsing also makes it possible to interrupt the action of the gel on the wall and to control the duration of action of the gel.
  • Rinsing has the disadvantage of generating liquid effluents of the order of 10 l of water per kg of gel used. These decontamination effluents for radioactive decontamination must be treated in existing nuclear material processing facilities. This therefore requires in-depth studies on the management of these effluents and their impact on facilities treatment circuits. In addition such gels that must be rinsed can not be used to treat installation surfaces that should not be flooded.
  • FR-A-2,746,328 describes a gel consisting of a colloidal solution that comprises 6% of a viscosity agent based on: Silica, 0.2% of a surfactant, 2-3 mol / l of HNO 3 and 0.6 to 1, 5 mol / l of an oxidizing agent based on Ce (IV) and water.
  • FR-A-2 781 809 describes a gel consisting of a colloidal solution that comprises 5% of a viscosifying agent based on silica, 0.2% of a surfactant, 0.1 to 1.5 mol / l of inorganic base and water .
  • Requirement WO 03/008529 jointly filed by CEA and COGEMA and published on January 20, 2003, describes a process and a treatment gel, in particular for decontamination.
  • the composition of this gel was determined so that it can be easily applied to the surface to be decontaminated, then after total drying in a few hours, removed with the radioactivity fixed by simple brushing or aspiration.
  • This gel consists of a colloidal solution comprising from 5 to 15% by weight of silica relative to the weight of the gel, from 0.5 to 4 mol / l of an inorganic acid or a mixture of inorganic acids, and, optionally, from 0.05 to 1 mol / l of an oxidizing agent having a normal redox potential E 0 greater than 1.4 V in a strong acid medium or the reduced form of this oxidizing agent.
  • the surface treatment method described in this document comprises an application of the gel to the surface to be treated, a maintenance of the gel on this surface until drying, and an elimination of dry gel residues by suction or brushing.
  • the present invention aims to further improve the gel and the method described in the latter document.
  • the gel described in this document has a certain number of drawbacks: its viscosity and its drying rate are not always well controlled, its spraying is not always easy, the fracturing of the gel on the surface is not good controlled (dry residues of the gel too large), and some dry residues of the gel adhere strongly to the support and are difficult to suck or brush.
  • the gel of the present invention is aqueous, it can be acidic or basic, oxidizing or reducing. It can be used for the radioactive decontamination of surfaces and leads, after total drying in a few hours, generally from 2 to 72 hours, at a temperature between 15 ° C and 30 ° C and a relative humidity of between 20 and 70%, to a solid dry residue which has an excellent ability to detach from the support.
  • This gel is called "suction gel".
  • the drying time can be further reduced, for example by means of ventilation, for example air. With a ventilation of 230 m 3 / hour, the drying time can be reduced for example to 48 hours or less, and with a ventilation of 900 m 3 / hour, the drying time can be reduced for example to 24 hours or less .
  • viscosifying agent is meant a viscosifying agent or a mixture of viscosifying agents.
  • the viscosity agent is preferably inorganic. It may be for example alumina or silica.
  • this silica may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. In addition, it can be acidic or basic. It may be for example silica Tixosil 73 (trademark) marketed by Rhodia.
  • the silica is at a concentration of 5 to 25% by weight of the gel to ensure even more efficient drying of the gel at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 20 to 70% on average in 2 to 72 hours.
  • the silica used may also be a so-called precipitated silica obtained by wet process by mixing a solution of sodium silicate and an acid.
  • Preferred precipitated silicas are marketed as SIPERNAT 22 LS and FK 310 (trade marks).
  • the viscosing agent may be a mixture of a silica mentioned above and a fumed silica. Indeed, such a mixture improves the drying of the gel and the particle size of the dry residue obtained.
  • the mixture of pyrogenous and precipitated silicas represents from 5 to 25% by weight of the gel. This ensures drying of the gel at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 20 to 70% on average in 2 to 72 hours.
  • a precipitated silica for example FK 310 (trademark)
  • an 8% by weight gel of fumed silica for example AEROSIL 380 (trademark)
  • the viscosing agent is based on alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), it can be obtained for example by hydrolysis at high temperature.
  • alumina Al 2 O 3
  • the product Alumina C sold by Degussa.
  • the alumina represents from 10 to 25% by weight of the gel. Indeed, these concentrations make it possible to ensure even more efficient drying of the gel at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 20 to 70% on average in 2 to 72 hours.
  • a surfactant is meant a surfactant alone or a mixture of two or more surfactants.
  • a very small amount of a surfactant, or specific surfactant less than 2 g per kg of gel, generally ranging from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the gel.
  • the amount of surfactant in the gel according to the invention is strictly less than 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the gel and, more particularly, this amount ranges from 0.01 to 0.1. % by weight relative to the total weight of the gel, the value 0.1% being not included.
  • the values 0.2% and 0.1% are excluded from the ranges relating to surfactants in the context of the present invention.
  • the surfactant may be a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants having one or more of the following properties: wetting agent) emulsifier, detergent.
  • the surfactant (s) used may be advantageously chosen from the families of wetting surfactants, emulsifying surfactants and detergent surfactants. It may be a mixture of different surfactants belonging to one or more of these families.
  • one or more surfactants (s) which are stable in the composition of the gel of the present invention will be chosen, in particular at the pH of the gel, which may be very acidic or very basic. Given although the present invention relates to gels, it is of course preferred to use one or more surfactants with no foaming agent (s).
  • wetting surfactants that can be used in the present invention, mention may be made, for example, of alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl-aryl sulphonates, alkylphenol ethoxylates and block polymers based on ethylene oxide or propylene oxide (for example IFRALAN P8020). (Trade Mark)), light ethoxylated alcohols (e.g. MIRAVON B12DF (RHODIA) (Trade Mark)), ether phosphates, or a mixture thereof.
  • heavy ethoxylated acids for example SIMULSOL 98 (SEPPIC) (trade mark)
  • SEPPIC heavy ethoxylated alcohols
  • imidazolines for example DEHYQUART SP (Sidobre Sinnova) (trademark)
  • DEHYQUART SP Sidobre Sinnova
  • Preferred surfactants are those whose trademarks are mentioned herein (disclosure of the invention and examples).
  • a mixture of two or more of the various surfactants mentioned above may also be used.
  • the addition of a surfactant According to the present invention, it is possible, unexpectedly, to increase the viscosity recovery of the gel, a favorable effect to prevent the gel from flowing on a wall (improvement of the rheological properties of the gel: see Example 1 below). This addition also unexpectedly allows better control of the drying rate of the gel, accelerating or delaying the drying kinetics (see Example 2 below). It also allows, unexpectedly, a control of the fracturing phenomenon at the surface of the gel during drying: the fracturing is more homogeneous and leads to an increased homogeneity of the size of the solid residues (see Example 3 below).
  • the gel may comprise an inorganic acid or a mixture of inorganic acids.
  • this acid or mixture is preferably present at a concentration of 1 to 4 moles per liter of gel. Indeed, these concentrations advantageously allow to ensure drying of the gel at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 20 to 70% on average in 2 to 72 hours.
  • the inorganic acid can be chosen for example from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.
  • the viscosing agent is preferably silica or a mixture of silicas as defined above.
  • the gel may comprise a mineral base or a mixture of mineral bases.
  • the base is preferably present at a concentration of less than 2 mol / l of gel, preferably of 0.5 to 2 mol / l, more preferably of 1 to 2 mol / l, in order to advantageously provide a drying the gel at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 20 to 70% on average in 2 to 3 hours.
  • the base may be chosen for example from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
  • the viscosing agent is preferably alumina.
  • the gel of the invention may contain an oxidizing agent which has a normal redox potential greater than 1400 mV in a strong acidic medium, that is to say an oxidizing power greater than that of the permanganate.
  • an oxidizing agent which has a normal redox potential greater than 1400 mV in a strong acidic medium, that is to say an oxidizing power greater than that of the permanganate.
  • oxidizing agents may be Ce (IV), Co (III) and Ag (II).
  • the concentration of oxidizing agent in the gel is preferably from 0.5 to 1 mol / l of gel.
  • the oxidizing agents are preferably associated with a mineral acid, for example nitric acid, at a moderate concentration, that is to say less than 3 mol / l, and allowing rapid drying of the gel as defined above.
  • Cerium is generally introduced in the form of electrogenerated cerium (IV) nitrate Ce (NO 3) 4 or hexanitrate cerate of diammonium (NH 4 ) 2 Ce (NO 3 ) 6 .
  • a typical example of an oxidizing decontamination gel according to the invention consists of a colloidal solution comprising, besides the surfactant in the concentrations of the invention, from 0.1 to 0.5 mol / l of Ce (NO 3 ) 4 or (NH 4) 2 Ce (NO 3) 6, 0, 5-2 mol / l of a strong acid; for example nitric acid, and 5 to 15% by weight of silica.
  • the gels of the invention can easily be prepared at room temperature, for example by adding to a decontaminating aqueous solution of the prior art the mineral viscosity agent which preferably has a high specific surface area, for example greater than 100 m 2. / g, then the surfactant (s) in order to obtain a gel according to the present invention.
  • the gel has a viscosity of at least 1 Pa.s and a recovery time of less than one second so that it can be applied to the surface to be decontaminated without sinking, remotely (for example at a distance of 1 to 5 m) or close (distance less than 1 m, preferably 50 to 80 cm).
  • a cycle comprises steps (a), (b) and (c), and several cycles can be repeated successively, until the desired decontamination is achieved.
  • the process of the present invention is a radioactive decontamination method.
  • the gel can be applied to the surface to be decontaminated, for example at a rate of 100 to 2000 g of gel per m 2 of surface, preferably 100 to 1000 g / m 2 . These are proportions allowing a good decontamination without unnecessary waste.
  • the gel may be applied to the surface to be decontaminated by any means known to those skilled in the art.
  • the most appropriate present means however seem to be a spray application, for example by spraying, or a brush application.
  • the gel of the present invention may for example be conveyed by means of a low pressure pump, for example using a pressure of less than 7 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • the bursting of the jet of gel on the surface can be obtained for example by means of a jet nozzle or round jet.
  • the distance between the pump and the nozzle may be any, for example from 1 to 50 m, for example 25 m.
  • the short viscosity recovery time thanks to the gel composition of the present invention, allows the gel to adhere to the wall, even when sprayed.
  • the gel drying time is from 2 to 72 hours thanks to the composition of the gel of the present invention and the aforementioned drying conditions.
  • the dry and solid residues of the gel can be easily removed from the decontaminated surface, for example by brushing and / or by suction.
  • the method of the invention may comprise a preliminary step of dedusting the surface to be decontaminated.
  • the method of the invention may comprise an additional step of dedusting said surface to be decontaminated, followed by decontamination of the dusted plant by means of the method of the invention.
  • the dedusting may for example consist of a preliminary cleaning of the surface to be decontaminated, for example by blowing or suction of dust, in order to remove unfixed solid contaminations.
  • the decontamination method of the invention is applied so as to eliminate the contaminations fixed on the surface.
  • the gel of the present invention dries completely after acting on the surface and easily detaches from the wall by suction or brushing.
  • the method of the present invention is of particular interest in and relates to the decontamination of nuclear installations, for example ventilation ducts of nuclear installations.
  • the method of the present invention is particularly applicable to the decontamination of metal surfaces, advantageously when they are important and this, both in the context of the periodic maintenance of existing installations, as during sanitation and / or dismantling of nuclear installations.
  • the surfaces concerned are not necessarily horizontal, but may be inclined or even vertical. This method is applicable to any type of surface, in particular to metal surfaces, contaminated with grease, a very adherent oxide layer or in the mass or other radioactive contaminants or not.
  • the gels according to the invention can be used for example for decontaminating tanks, ventilation ducts, storage pools, glove boxes, etc.
  • treatment of the surface may be repeated several times (several cycles), successively, with the same gel or with different gels, preferably in accordance with the present invention.
  • the drying of the gel is improved and leads to a phenomenon of homogeneous fracturing.
  • the size of the dry residues is monodisperse and the ability of the residues to separate from the support is increased compared to the prior art gels.
  • the inventors have noticed that the presence of surfactant (s) according to the present invention makes the gel sometimes more effective for surface treatment.
  • the dry residue obtained after drying can be easily removed, preferably by brushing or aspiration, but also by gas jet, for example by compressed air jet.
  • the advantages of the suction gels of the prior art are preserved and improved: the operation of rinsing a conventional gel with water is avoided and no liquid effluent to be treated is subsequently produced. . This results in a simplification in terms of the global treatment of contamination.
  • the inventors have shown that the gels of the present invention can be more easily applied to the surface to be decontaminated by spraying or brushing, then after total drying in a few hours, more easily removed with the radioactivity they fixed by simple brushing or aspiration.
  • V represents the viscosity in Pa.s
  • T represents the time in seconds (s)
  • Cor represents the observed corrosion in ⁇ m.
  • a reference gel comprising AEROSIL (8% by weight), 0.1M HNO 3 and 1.5MH 3 PO 4 is prepared.
  • the conditions of use of the gel for drying are as follows: 22 ° C. and 40% relative humidity.
  • the viscosity limit is fixed at 100 mPa.s under high shear (700 s -1 ). To obtain a gel not flowing on the wall, a viscosity greater than 1 Pa.s under low shear (10 s -1 ) is necessary.
  • the viscosity of the gels should preferably be in the white areas of the graph which guarantee an easy implementation of the gel.
  • the figure 2 shows the rheograms obtained for different acid gels containing different surfactants (CRAFOL AP56, SYNTHIONIC P8020 and DEHYQUART 5P (trademarks)) at 1 g.kg -1 of active material and at only 8% of silica
  • CRAFOL AP56, SYNTHIONIC P8020 and DEHYQUART 5P (trademarks) at 1 g.kg -1 of active material and at only 8% of silica
  • the various gel compositions studied are indicated in this figure.
  • the incorporation of a surfactant into the gel formulation makes it possible, surprisingly while decreasing the silica load, to reach the defined viscosity criteria.
  • the viscosity of the gels with surfactants is less than 100 mPa.s under high shear and greater than 1 Pa.s under low shear.
  • surfactants were chosen in this example to be stable in acidic medium, they still tend to degrade under the strongly acidic conditions adopted here.
  • the rheograms of the gels are plotted at given aging times (0 to 14 days).
  • CRAFOL AP56 trademark
  • the influence of aging on the viscosity of the gel of the present invention variation of the viscosity (V) as a function of time (s).
  • the surfactant molecules are positioned at the gel / air and silica / solution interfaces to minimize contact with the water molecules.
  • the surface of the gel is thus covered with surfactant molecules that can slow evaporation or accelerate it.
  • the figure 4 represents the corrosion kinetics obtained, on aluminum samples treated with acid gel, the acid gel containing ANTAROX (trademark) at 2 g.kg -1 and the acid gel containing SYNTHIONIC (trademark ) at 2 g.kg -1 .
  • the operating conditions are as follows: 22 ° C. and 40% relative humidity.
  • the kinetics of corrosion of the figure 4 show that the gels according to the present invention, that is to say containing a surfactant, are generally as effective as the model acid gel, sometimes more effective.
  • the figure 5 is a photograph allowing a visual comparison of a gel according to the present invention (left), and a gel of the prior art, that is to say without surfactant (right), dried in the same conditions of temperature, humidity and time.
  • a 0,5 M cerium-oxidizing gel film containing 3 M nitric acid (reference on the right in the photo) is prepared on a stainless steel sample.
  • the surfactant of the gel of the present invention thus favors the separation of the solid residue, which is very important for cleaning the treated surface and for facilitating the recovery of dry residues from the gel, especially in a radioactive decontamination.
  • a degreasing test is carried out with the gel prepared on a plate coated with lanolin.
  • the first gel contains AEROSIL silica (trademark), 3M nitric acid and 0.35M cerium ammonium nitrate.
  • the second gel is identical to the first one, but contains in addition 1 g / l of SYNTHIONIC surfactants (trademark).
  • Both gels are brushed on two 400 cm 2 radioactively contaminated surfaces, one on the ground (2.2 mGy / h) and the other on the wall (1 mGy / h).
  • the gel containing the surfactant is more easily removed by simple brushing than the gel without surfactant.
  • the soil contamination is only 0.4 mGy / h and 0.2 on the wall.
  • the contamination was divided by a factor 5.5 while the gel without surfactant the decontamination factor is only 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Gel, das sich aus einer kolloidalen Lösung zusammensetzt und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es Folgendes umfasst:
    - 5 bis 25 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gels eines anorganischen viskositätserhöhenden Mittels,
    - ein Tensid in einer Menge strikt unter 0,1 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gels und vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 0,1 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gels, wobei der Wert 0,1 % nicht eingeschlossen ist,
    - 0,5 bis 7 Mol je Liter Gel einer anorganischen Säure oder Base und
    - gegebenenfalls 0,05 bis 1 Mol je Liter Gel eines Oxidationsmittels mit einem Redoxnormalpotential E0 größer als 1,4 V in stark saurem Medium oder der reduzierten Form dieses Oxidationsmittels,
    - wobei der Rest Wasser ist.
  2. Gel gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem das Gel auf Siliziumdioxid beruht und das Siliziumdioxid 5 bis 25 Gew.-% des Gels darstellt.
  3. Gel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem das Siliziumdioxid ein pyrogenes Siliziumdioxid, ein gefälltes Siliziumdioxid oder ein Gemisch aus pyrogenem Siliziumdioxid und gefälltem Siliziumdioxid ist.
  4. Gel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das Gel auf einem Gemisch aus pyrogenem Siliziumdioxid und gefälltem Siliziumdioxid beruht, wobei das Gemisch aus pyrogenem Siliziumdioxid und gefälltem Siliziumdioxid 5 bis 25 Gew.-% des Gels darstellt.
  5. Gel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem das Gel auf einem Gemisch aus pyrogenem Siliziumdioxid und gefälltem Siliziumdioxid beruht, wobei das gefällte Siliziumdioxid 0,5 Gew.-% des Gels darstellt und das pyrogene Siliziumdioxid 8 Gew.-% des Gels darstellt.
  6. Gel gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem das Gel auf Aluminiumoxid beruht und das Aluminiumoxid 10 bis 25 Gew.-% des Gels darstellt.
  7. Gel gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Gel eine anorganische Säure oder ein Gemisch anorganischer Säuren umfasst, das in einer Konzentration von 1 bis 4 Mol je Liter Gel vorliegt.
  8. Gel gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die anorganische Säure aus Salzsäure, Salpetersäure, Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure oder einem Gemisch derselben ausgewählt ist.
  9. Gel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei dem das Gel eine anorganische Base oder ein Gemisch anorganischer Basen umfasst, das in einer Konzentration von 0,5 bis 2 Mol je Liter vorliegt.
  10. Gel gemäß Anspruch 9, bei dem die anorganische Base aus Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid oder einem Gemisch derselben ausgewählt ist.
  11. Gel gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, das 0,5 bis 1 Mol/l eines aus Ce(IV), Co(III) oder Ag(II) ausgewählten Oxidationsmittels mit einem Redoxnormalpotential E0 größer als 1400 mV in stark saurem Medium umfasst.
  12. Gel gemäß Anspruch 1, das außerdem 5 bis 15 Gew.-% des Siliziumdioxids an dem Tensid, 0,5 bis 2 Mol/l starke Säure und 0,1 bis 0,5 Mol Ce(NO3)4 oder (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 je Liter Gel umfasst.
  13. Gel gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Tensid ein Tensid oder ein Gemisch von Tensiden ist, das eine oder mehrere der folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist: benetzend, emulgierend, reinigend.
  14. Gel gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Tensid aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die Alkoholalkoxylate, Alkylarylsulfonate, Alkylphenolethoxylate, Blockpolymere auf der Grundlage von Ethylen- oder Propylenoxid, niedere ethoxylierte Alkohole, Etherphosphate, höhere ethoxylierte Säuren, Glycerinester, höhere ethoxylierte Alkohole, Imidazoline, Quats, Alkanolamide und Aminoxide oder ein Gemisch derselben umfasst.
  15. Verwendung eines Gels gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche zur radioaktiven Dekontaminierung einer Oberfläche.
  16. Verfahren zur Dekontaminierung einer Oberfläche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens einen Zyklus umfasst, der die folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte umfasst:
    (a) Aufbringen des gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 definierten Gels auf die zu dekontaminierende Oberfläche,
    (b) Halten des Gels auf der Oberfläche bei einer Temperatur von 20 bis 30 °C und einer relativen Feuchtigkeit von 20 bis 70 % während einer Dauer von 2 bis 72 Stunden, damit es auf der Oberfläche trockene und feste Rückstände bildet, und
    (c) Entfernen der festen und trockenen Rückstände von der auf diese Weise dekontaminierten Oberfläche.
  17. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 16, bei dem das Gel zu 100 bis 2000 g Gel je m2 Oberfläche auf die zu dekontaminierende Oberfläche aufgetragen wird.
  18. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, bei dem das Gel durch Sprühen oder mit dem Pinsel auf die zu dekontaminierende Oberfläche aufgetragen wird.
  19. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, bei dem die festen und trockenen Rückstände durch Bürsten und/oder durch Absaugen von der zu dekontaminierenden Oberfläche entfernt werden.
  20. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 19, bei dem das Verfahren einen vorherigen Schritt des Entstaubens der zu dekontaminierenden Oberfläche umfasst.
  21. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 20, bei dem das Verfahren die Dekontaminierung kerntechnischer Anlagen zum Beispiel von Lüftungskanälen kerntechnischer Anlagen betrifft.
  22. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 21, bei dem die Dekontaminierung eine radioaktive Dekontaminierung ist.
EP06806930A 2005-10-05 2006-10-03 Absaugbares gel zum dekontaminieren von oberflächen und verwendung dafür Active EP1941515B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0552999A FR2891470B1 (fr) 2005-10-05 2005-10-05 Gel aspirable pour la decontamination de surfaces et utilisation
PCT/EP2006/066976 WO2007039598A2 (fr) 2005-10-05 2006-10-03 Gel aspirable pour la decontamination de surfaces et utilisation

Publications (3)

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EP1941515A2 EP1941515A2 (de) 2008-07-09
EP1941515B1 true EP1941515B1 (de) 2009-03-04
EP1941515B8 EP1941515B8 (de) 2009-06-17

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US (1) US8636848B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1941515B8 (de)
JP (1) JP5197371B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101282748B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101278358B (de)
AT (1) ATE424612T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006005509D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2323019T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2891470B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2449392C2 (de)
UA (1) UA98930C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007039598A2 (de)

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JP5936121B2 (ja) * 2012-05-23 2016-06-15 株式会社ダイアテック 放射性物質の除染方法
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JP2015169437A (ja) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-28 清水建設株式会社 コンクリート体の除染方法
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FR3053897B1 (fr) 2016-07-13 2022-05-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Gel de decontamination adsorbant et photocatalytique et procede de decontamination de surfaces utilisant ce gel
FR3054839B1 (fr) 2016-08-05 2020-06-26 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Gel aspirable et procede pour eliminer une contamination radioactive contenue dans une couche organique en surface d'un substrat solide.
CN106283089A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2017-01-04 仇颖超 一种固液两相机械金属清洗剂的制备方法
DE112016007460A5 (de) * 2016-11-21 2019-08-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anzeigevorrichtung für eine überwachungsanlage eines überwachungsbereiches und überwachungsanlage mit der anzeigevorrichtung
JP6560304B2 (ja) * 2017-07-10 2019-08-14 太平電業株式会社 除染剤
CN108565036B (zh) * 2018-02-27 2019-12-31 中国人民解放军61489部队 一种硬介质表面放射性沾染快速清除设备及清除方法
FR3083712B1 (fr) 2018-07-11 2022-01-21 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de decontamination d'un milieu gazeux contamine par des especes contaminantes en suspension.
FR3089520B1 (fr) 2018-12-07 2021-09-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique Pâte de decontamination et procede de decontamination d’un substrat en un materiau solide utilisant cette pâte
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CN112760659B (zh) * 2020-12-02 2022-09-27 中国辐射防护研究院 一种氧化去污凝胶及其制备方法与用途
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RU2449392C2 (ru) 2012-04-27
RU2008117408A (ru) 2009-11-10
ES2323019T3 (es) 2009-07-03
JP2009511653A (ja) 2009-03-19
FR2891470A1 (fr) 2007-04-06
KR20080071551A (ko) 2008-08-04
WO2007039598A2 (fr) 2007-04-12
UA98930C2 (ru) 2012-07-10
US8636848B2 (en) 2014-01-28
JP5197371B2 (ja) 2013-05-15
US20080228022A1 (en) 2008-09-18
KR101282748B1 (ko) 2013-07-05
ATE424612T1 (de) 2009-03-15
EP1941515B8 (de) 2009-06-17
CN101278358B (zh) 2012-07-04
EP1941515A2 (de) 2008-07-09
FR2891470B1 (fr) 2007-11-23
DE602006005509D1 (de) 2009-04-16
WO2007039598A3 (fr) 2007-06-28
CN101278358A (zh) 2008-10-01

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