EP1882781A1 - Cutting head for a digging machine - Google Patents

Cutting head for a digging machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1882781A1
EP1882781A1 EP07112940A EP07112940A EP1882781A1 EP 1882781 A1 EP1882781 A1 EP 1882781A1 EP 07112940 A EP07112940 A EP 07112940A EP 07112940 A EP07112940 A EP 07112940A EP 1882781 A1 EP1882781 A1 EP 1882781A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixing plate
cutting head
hydraulic motors
head according
pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07112940A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1882781B1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Chagnot
Jean-Claude Riglet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1882781A1 publication Critical patent/EP1882781A1/en
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Publication of EP1882781B1 publication Critical patent/EP1882781B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/24—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S37/00—Excavating
    • Y10S37/902—Hydraulic motors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting head for an excavating machine usually referred to as a milling cutter.
  • Cutting-type excavating machines are most often used to make trenches of relatively large depth, up to 100 meters, in the soil, and of relatively small width relative to said depth, the width typically being between 500 mm. and 1500 mm.
  • One of the interests of these machines is to allow the realization of such trenches of significant depth that meet stringent verticality criteria.
  • the entire trench is obtained by successive digging of juxtaposed panels.
  • the cutters are constituted by a relatively large frame which provides mechanical guidance of the excavating machine as the trench is made. At the lower end of the frame is fixed a cutting head.
  • the cutting head is usually constituted by two milling motors usually carrying each a pair of drums on which are mounted the milling tools. Each pair of drums rotates about a common axis, the two axes of the mill motors being parallel and horizontal in use.
  • the milling drums are rotated from hydraulic motors.
  • the hydraulic motor is placed on the frame above the cutting head. It transmits power through a shaft of small diameter substantially vertical which passes through the thickness of the plate forming the bearing of the milling motor.
  • the vertical shaft attacks a pair of bevel gears that return motion in the horizontal axis.
  • An epicyclic reduction system reduces the rotation speed and multiplies the torque to effectively drive the mill drums.
  • the hydraulic motors are placed at the lower part of the frame of the machine above the cutting head and the power is transmitted to the milling drum by a transmission chain.
  • the first two types of excavating machine have the major disadvantage of having hydraulic motors above the cutting head and thus to present a more complex and more expensive assembly of these engines. In particular, it is impossible to make rapid exchanges of the cutting head.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting head for a milling type excavating machine which offers better performance in terms of torque and / or speed than prior machines in an available volume determined by the diameter of the drums of the milling machine.
  • milling cutter equipped with milling tools which is in general of the order of 1.4 m and the thickness of the cutting head, which, in the particular case of the invention, is preferably between 600 mm and 1500 mm.
  • this fixing plate can be given a reduced thickness. Indeed, only the pipes are formed in the plate and they are straight.
  • the connecting lines to the hydraulic motors are arranged in the central part of the mounting structure, ie where there is room.
  • the assembly constituted by the fixing plate and the mounting structure of the hydraulic motors is sufficiently rigid to take the bending strain-strain.
  • the cutting head comprises a control system for varying the displacement of the hydraulic motors which is controlled by the fluid conveyed in one of said pipes.
  • the pipes made in the central part of the mounting structure of the cutting head for supplying said hydraulic motors are made in such a way that the axial thrust produced by the feed liquid on the faces of the rotors of the engines is substantially balanced.
  • the milling drums are mounted on the two assembly assemblies by means of bearings interposed between the drums or more precisely their rims and the outer face of the assemblies. For the reasons explained above, the bearings do not have to resume bending efforts.
  • FIGs 1A and 1B there is shown in a simplified manner the entire milling type of excavation machine.
  • This machine is constituted by a frame 12 of relatively large length and of substantially rectangular horizontal section.
  • the upper end 12a of the chassis is equipped with pulleys 14 on which passes a muffle levitation of the mill 12.
  • On the lower end 12b of the frame 12 are attached two identical milling motors 16 and 18 forming the cutting head.
  • Each cutter motor 16 or 18 is essentially constituted by a fixing plate 20 on which are mounted two milling drums 22 and 24 symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the milling plate.
  • the invention relates to the rotational drive of the milling drums 22, 24 of the milling motors 16 and 18.
  • the suction nozzle 17 for the cut soil debris and the suction pump 19 thereof have also been included.
  • the mill motor 16 comprises a mounting structure 26 which is integral with the fixing plate 20 and engaged in an opening, preferably circular 28, of axis XX '.
  • the mounting structure 26 comprises a central portion 30 which is preferably substantially symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the fixing plate 20 and two mounting assemblies 32 and 34 extending symmetrically preferably on either side of the part This central portion is engaged in the orifice 28 of the plate 20.
  • the assemblies 32 and 34 are constituted by cylindrical shells 36 and 38 which thus define two mounting cavities substantially cylindrical 40 and 42 which are open to the outside. Inside the cavities 40 and 42 which are preferably but not necessarily identical, are mounted the hydraulic motors 44 and 46.
  • Each hydraulic motor comprises a stator 44a, 46a and a rotor 44b and 46b.
  • Each rotor 44b and 46b is mounted on a common shaft 50 whose geometric axis coincides with the axis XX '.
  • the middle portion 50a of the shaft 50 passes through the central portion 30 of the mounting structure by a bore suitably made.
  • the ends 50b and 50c of the shaft 50 are made integral with driving parts or rims 52 and 54.
  • On these rims 52 and 54 are mounted the milling drums 22 and 24.
  • the rims 52 and 54 are guided and supported by rotation by bearings 56 and 58 which are themselves mounted on the outer face 36a, 38a of ferrules 36 and 38 forming the mounting assemblies of the hydraulic motors.
  • the function of the bearings 56 and 58 is essentially the recovery of the forces applied by the milling drums during milling operations.
  • Pipes such as 70 are drilled in the thickness of the Fixing plate 20. These ducts 72 are made in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure. However, the central portion may have a much greater thickness than the plate. The thickness of the central portion may typically be of the order of 400 mm. One of their end is connected to supply or discharge lines disposed on the frame of the milling cutter and their other lower end is connected to pipes shown diagrammatically by 72 in FIG. 2. These pipes being rectilinear, it is possible to give the plate 20 a reduced thickness while retaining the necessary mechanical strength. This thickness can be limited to 60 mm. This is very important because below this plate, strawberry drums can not directly dig the ground.
  • each supply line 70 which respectively correspond to the high pressure supply of the hydraulic motors, the low pressure oil return of the hydraulic motors, the drainage internal leakage of the hydraulic motors, to an oil line transmitting a balancing pressure on the seals of the mill motor to prevent penetration of the drilling mud within the mill motors themselves and a pipe transmitting a hydraulic pressure driving a displacement engine displacement device of the hydraulic motors in the case where the mill motor is equipped with such a device.
  • each hydraulic motor can have two different displacements to adapt to the cutting conditions.
  • the displacement change is controlled by a hydraulic system mounted in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure.
  • Balancing systems are well known in themselves. It is not necessary to describe them. It suffices to remember that according to the invention, the feed pipe of the balancing system is formed in the fixing plate 20.
  • Pipes such as 72 are made in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure. These pipes are preferably symmetrical for feeding or recovering liquids in the same way for the two hydraulic motors 44 and 46.
  • the lines 70 and the pipes 72 are shown in greater detail.
  • the five supply lines 70a to 70e are shown in the thickness of the fixing plate 20.
  • the pipes 70a to 70e are lined by coating the inner wall with a layer 78 having a high seal and also a high mechanical strength. This lining 76 of the pipes 70a to 70e makes it possible to ensure the tightness and the integrity of the circulation of the pressurized liquids while allowing, in addition to the linear character of the pipes 70, as already explained, the the fixing plate 20 has a relatively small thickness e, for example of the order of 60 mm.
  • this plate has a relatively small thickness since this thickness defines an area in which the straw drums 22 and 24 are inactive. Only the presence of this fixing plate 20 creates a redan between the zones effectively cut by the mill drums 22 and 24. This redan is sometimes very difficult to break when the geological layer has a high hardness.
  • the lower ends of the pipes 70a to 70e are connected to the pipes 72a to 72e which extend symmetrically in the central portion 26 of the mounting structure.
  • the ends of these pipes are connected to the windows of communication with the rotating parts of the hydraulic motors.
  • the lines 72a to 72e which serve for the high-pressure supply and the low-pressure output of the hydraulic motors 44 and 46 are located at the same distance from the axis XX 'of the central portion 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The cutting head has tiller motors each having a mounting structure integrated to a fixation plate (20) presenting a central part (30). Two assemblies (32, 34) are arranged on both sides of the plate. Hydraulic motors (44, 46) are mounted in the assemblies, and a shaft (50) is provided common to the motors. Pipes (70) are arranged in thickness of the plate for circulation of liquid used by the motors. Channels (72) are arranged in the part (30), where the channels are connected to the pipes and to the motors (44, 46) to connect each of the hydraulic motor to each of the pipes.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une tête de coupe pour une machine d'excavation habituellement désignée sous le nom de fraise.The present invention relates to a cutting head for an excavating machine usually referred to as a milling cutter.

Les machines d'excavation du type fraise sont utilisées le plus souvent pour réaliser dans le sol des tranchées de profondeur relativement importante, jusqu'à 100 mètres, et de largeur relativement réduite par rapport à ladite profondeur, la largeur étant typiquement comprise entre 500 mm et 1 500 mm. Un des intérêts de ces machines est de permettre la réalisation de telles tranchées de profondeur importante qui respectent des critères de verticalité rigoureux. L'ensemble de la tranchée est obtenu par creusement successif de panneaux juxtaposés.Cutting-type excavating machines are most often used to make trenches of relatively large depth, up to 100 meters, in the soil, and of relatively small width relative to said depth, the width typically being between 500 mm. and 1500 mm. One of the interests of these machines is to allow the realization of such trenches of significant depth that meet stringent verticality criteria. The entire trench is obtained by successive digging of juxtaposed panels.

D'une manière générale, les fraises sont constituées par un châssis de hauteur relativement importante qui assure un guidage mécanique de la machine d'excavation au fur et à mesure de la réalisation de la tranchée. A l'extrémité inférieure du châssis est fixée une tête de coupe. Ces machines sont en soi bien connues et il est donc suffisant d'indiquer que la tête de coupe est constituée le plus souvent par deux moteurs de fraise portant le plus souvent chacun une paire de tambours sur lesquels sont montés les outils de fraisage. Chaque paire de tambours tourne autour d'un axe commun, les deux axes des moteurs de fraise étant parallèles et horizontaux en cours d'utilisation. Les tambours de fraise sont entraînés en rotation à partir de moteurs hydrauliques.In general, the cutters are constituted by a relatively large frame which provides mechanical guidance of the excavating machine as the trench is made. At the lower end of the frame is fixed a cutting head. These machines are in themselves well known and it is therefore sufficient to indicate that the cutting head is usually constituted by two milling motors usually carrying each a pair of drums on which are mounted the milling tools. Each pair of drums rotates about a common axis, the two axes of the mill motors being parallel and horizontal in use. The milling drums are rotated from hydraulic motors.

Différents types de montage sont possibles. Dans la solution adoptée notamment par la société Bauer, le moteur hydraulique est placé sur le châssis au-dessus de la tête de coupe. Il transmet la puissance par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre de petit diamètre sensiblement vertical qui passe dans l'épaisseur de la plaque formant le palier du moteur de fraise. L'arbre vertical attaque un couple de pignons coniques qui renvoie le mouvement dans l'axe horizontal. Un système de réducteurs épicycloïdaux réduit la vitesse de rotation et multiplie le couple pour entraîner effectivement les tambours de fraise.Different types of mounting are possible. In the solution adopted in particular by Bauer, the hydraulic motor is placed on the frame above the cutting head. It transmits power through a shaft of small diameter substantially vertical which passes through the thickness of the plate forming the bearing of the milling motor. The vertical shaft attacks a pair of bevel gears that return motion in the horizontal axis. An epicyclic reduction system reduces the rotation speed and multiplies the torque to effectively drive the mill drums.

Dans une autre solution proposée notamment par la société Casagrande, les moteurs hydrauliques sont placés à la partie inférieure du châssis de la machine au-dessus de la tête de coupe et la puissance est transmise au tambour de fraise par une chaîne de transmission.In another solution proposed in particular by Casagrande, the hydraulic motors are placed at the lower part of the frame of the machine above the cutting head and the power is transmitted to the milling drum by a transmission chain.

On connaît également par le brevet européen EP 0 262 050 au nom de la société Soletanche, un mode d'entraînement des tambours de fraise dans lequel le moteur hydraulique unique est monté à l'intérieur des tambours de fraise et relié à ceux-ci soit par un étage de réduction par pignons, soit par une transmission directe. La puissance arrive sous forme hydraulique dans des canalisations reliées au moteur de fraise.It is also known from the patent European EP 0 262 050 on behalf of the company Soletanche, a training mode for drums milling cutter in which the single hydraulic motor is mounted inside the milling drums and connected thereto either by a gear reduction stage or by a direct transmission. The power arrives in hydraulic form in pipes connected to the mill motor.

Les deux premiers types de machine d'excavation présentent l'inconvénient majeur d'avoir des moteurs hydrauliques au-dessus de la tête de coupe et donc de présenter un montage plus complexe et plus coûteux de ces moteurs. En particulier, il est impossible de procéder à des échanges rapides de la tête de coupe.The first two types of excavating machine have the major disadvantage of having hydraulic motors above the cutting head and thus to present a more complex and more expensive assembly of these engines. In particular, it is impossible to make rapid exchanges of the cutting head.

En outre, les éléments de la chaîne cinématique de transmission des deux premiers types de fraise (engrenage, réducteur, chaîne) introduisent des pertes de rendement importantes de l'ordre de 15 % dont est exempte la solution décrite dans le brevet européen de la société Soletanche.In addition, the elements of the transmission kinematic chain of the first two types of milling cutter (gear, gearbox, chain) introduce significant yield losses of the order of 15% which is exempt from the solution described in the European patent of the company. Soletanche.

Il faut ajouter que selon la nature du travail et des terrains traversés, il est intéressant de pouvoir faire varier les paramètres de vitesse de rotation et de couples de tambours de fraise.It should be added that depending on the nature of the work and the terrain crossed, it is interesting to be able to vary the rotational speed parameters and pairs of milling drums.

Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir une tête de coupe pour machine d'excavation du type fraise qui offre de meilleures performances en termes de couple et/ou de vitesse que les machines antérieures dans un volume disponible déterminé par le diamètre des tambours de fraise équipés des outils de fraisage qui est en général de l'ordre de 1,4 m et l'épaisseur de la tête de coupe, qui, dans le cas particulier de l'invention, est comprise de préférence entre 600 mm et 1 500 mm.An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting head for a milling type excavating machine which offers better performance in terms of torque and / or speed than prior machines in an available volume determined by the diameter of the drums of the milling machine. milling cutter equipped with milling tools which is in general of the order of 1.4 m and the thickness of the cutting head, which, in the particular case of the invention, is preferably between 600 mm and 1500 mm.

Pour atteindre ce but selon l'invention, la tête de coupe pour machine d'excavation est constituée par au moins un moteur de fraise qui comprend :

  • une plaque de fixation ;
  • une structure de montage distincte de ladite plaque de fixation solidaire de la plaque de fixation présentant une partie centrale formant pièce d'alimentation et deux ensembles de montage disposés de part et d'autre du plan médian de la plaque de fixation ;
  • deux moteurs hydrauliques, chaque moteur étant monté dans un desdits ensembles de montage ;
  • un arbre commun aux deux moteurs hydrauliques sensiblement perpendiculaire à la plaque de fixation ;
  • une pluralité de conduites ménagées dans l'épaisseur de ladite plaque de fixation pour la circulation du liquide utilisé par les moteurs hydrauliques ;
  • une pluralité de canalisations ménagées dans ladite partie centrale de la structure de montage, lesdites canalisations étant raccordées d'une part auxdites conduites, et d'autre part auxdits moteurs hydrauliques pour raccorder chacun des deux moteurs hydrauliques à chacune desdites conduites.
To achieve this object according to the invention, the cutting head for excavating machine is constituted by at least one milling motor which comprises:
  • a fixing plate;
  • a separate mounting structure of said fastening plate secured to the fixing plate having a central portion forming a feed piece and two mounting assemblies disposed on either side of the median plane of the fixing plate;
  • two hydraulic motors, each motor being mounted in one of said mounting assemblies;
  • a shaft common to both hydraulic motors substantially perpendicular to the fixing plate;
  • a plurality of pipes arranged in the thickness of said fixing plate for the circulation of the liquid used by the hydraulic motors;
  • a plurality of ducts formed in said central part of the mounting structure, said ducts being connected on the one hand to said ducts, and on the other hand to said hydraulic motors for connecting each of the two hydraulic motors to each of said ducts.

On comprend que grâce aux dispositions de l'invention, l'ensemble des deux tambours de fraise montés sur un même arbre est entraîné simultanément par les deux moteurs hydrauliques. Cela permet de disposer d'une plus grande puissance pour entraîner un tambour de fraise. On comprend également que l'alimentation en fluide et la récupération des fluides sortants des moteurs hydrauliques est optimisée puisque cette circulation est obtenue, d'une part, par une pluralité de conduites ménagées dans l'épaisseur de la plaque de fixation et, d'autre part, dans des canalisations ménagées dans la partie centrale de la structure de montage. Ainsi, les moteurs hydrauliques sont accessibles à chaque extrémité de la tête de coupe et peuvent donc être relativement aisément démontés.It is understood that thanks to the provisions of the invention, all two milling drums mounted on the same shaft is driven simultaneously by the two hydraulic motors. This allows for greater power to drive a milling drum. It is also understood that the supply of fluid and the recovery of the outgoing fluids from the hydraulic motors is optimized since this circulation is obtained, on the one hand, by a plurality of ducts formed in the thickness of the fixing plate and, on the other hand, in ducts in the central part of the mounting structure. Thus, the hydraulic motors are accessible at each end of the cutting head and can therefore be relatively easily dismounted.

En outre, du fait que la partie centrale de la structure de montage est une pièce distincte de la plaque, on peut donner à cette plaque de fixation une épaisseur réduite. En effet, seules les conduites sont ménagées dans la plaque et elles sont rectilignes. En revanche, les canalisations de raccordement aux moteurs hydrauliques sont ménagées dans la partie centrale de la structure de montage, c'est-à-dire là où l'on dispose de place.In addition, because the central portion of the mounting structure is a separate part of the plate, this fixing plate can be given a reduced thickness. Indeed, only the pipes are formed in the plate and they are straight. On the other hand, the connecting lines to the hydraulic motors are arranged in the central part of the mounting structure, ie where there is room.

De plus, l'ensemble constitué par la plaque de fixation et la structure de montage des moteurs hydrauliques est suffisamment rigide pour reprendre les efforts-déformation de flexion.In addition, the assembly constituted by the fixing plate and the mounting structure of the hydraulic motors is sufficiently rigid to take the bending strain-strain.

De préférence, la tête de coupe comprend un système de commande de variation de la cylindrée des moteurs hydrauliques qui est piloté par le fluide véhiculé dans une desdites conduites.Preferably, the cutting head comprises a control system for varying the displacement of the hydraulic motors which is controlled by the fluid conveyed in one of said pipes.

En outre, de préférence, les canalisations réalisées dans la partie centrale de la structure de montage de la tête de coupe pour alimenter lesdits moteurs hydrauliques sont réalisées de telle manière que la poussée axiale produite par le liquide d'alimentation sur les faces des rotors des moteurs soit sensiblement équilibrée.In addition, preferably, the pipes made in the central part of the mounting structure of the cutting head for supplying said hydraulic motors are made in such a way that the axial thrust produced by the feed liquid on the faces of the rotors of the engines is substantially balanced.

On comprend que, grâce à cette disposition, les poussées axiales dues au fonctionnement même des deux moteurs hydrauliques se compensent. Les poussées axiales qui devront être reprises par des systèmes mécaniques tels que des paliers ne concerneront donc que d'éventuelles poussées axiales appliquées au tambour de fraise par d'éventuelles inhomogénéités du sol dans lequel le forage est réalisé.It is understood that, thanks to this arrangement, axial thrusts due to the operation of both hydraulic motors compensate each other. Axial thrusts that will have to be taken up by mechanical systems such as bearings will therefore concern only any axial thrust applied to the milling drum by possible inhomogeneities of the soil in which the drilling is performed.

De préférence encore, les tambours de fraise sont montés sur les deux ensembles de montage par l'intermédiaire de paliers interposés entre les tambours ou plus précisément leurs jantes et la face externe des ensembles de montage. Pour les raisons exposées précédemment, les paliers n'ont pas à reprendre d'efforts de flexion.More preferably, the milling drums are mounted on the two assembly assemblies by means of bearings interposed between the drums or more precisely their rims and the outer face of the assemblies. For the reasons explained above, the bearings do not have to resume bending efforts.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se réfère aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • les figures 1A et 1B montrent l'ensemble d'une machine d'excavation du type fraise en vue en élévation et en vue de côté ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe verticale d'un moteur de fraise pour en exposer les éléments essentiels ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue d'un moteur de fraise en section selon la ligne A-A de la figure 2.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the appended figures, in which:
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show the assembly of a strawberry-type excavation machine in elevation view and in side view;
  • Figure 2 is a vertical section of a milling motor to expose the essential elements;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a cutter motor in section along the line AA of FIG. 2.

Sur les figures 1A et 1B, on a représenté de façon simplifiée l'ensemble de la machine d'excavation du type fraise. Cette machine est constituée par un châssis 12 de longueur relativement importante et de section horizontale sensiblement rectangulaire. L'extrémité supérieure 12a du châssis est équipée de poulies 14 sur lesquelles passe un moufle de sustentation de la fraise 12. Sur l'extrémité inférieure 12b du châssis 12 sont fixés deux moteurs de fraise identiques 16 et 18 formant la tête de coupe. Chaque moteur de fraise 16 ou 18 est essentiellement constitué par une plaque de fixation 20 sur laquelle sont montés deux tambours de fraise 22 et 24 symétriques par rapport au plan médian de la plaque de fixation 20. L'invention concerne l'entraînement en rotation des tambours de fraise 22, 24 des moteurs de fraise 16 et 18.In Figures 1A and 1B, there is shown in a simplified manner the entire milling type of excavation machine. This machine is constituted by a frame 12 of relatively large length and of substantially rectangular horizontal section. The upper end 12a of the chassis is equipped with pulleys 14 on which passes a muffle levitation of the mill 12. On the lower end 12b of the frame 12 are attached two identical milling motors 16 and 18 forming the cutting head. Each cutter motor 16 or 18 is essentially constituted by a fixing plate 20 on which are mounted two milling drums 22 and 24 symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the milling plate. The invention relates to the rotational drive of the milling drums 22, 24 of the milling motors 16 and 18.

On a également fait figurer la buse 17 d'aspiration des débris de sol découpés et la pompe 19 d'aspiration de ceux-ci.The suction nozzle 17 for the cut soil debris and the suction pump 19 thereof have also been included.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 2, on va décrire l'organisation générale de l'entraînement en rotation d'une paire de tambours de fraise 22, 24 constituant un moteur de fraise.Referring now to FIG. 2, the general organization of the rotational drive of a pair of mill drums 22, 24 constituting a mill motor will be described.

Le moteur de fraise 16 comprend une structure de montage 26 qui est solidaire de la plaque de fixation 20 et engagée dans une ouverture, de préférence circulaire 28, d'axe XX'. La structure de montage 26 comprend une partie centrale 30 qui est de préférence sensiblement symétrique par rapport au plan médian de la plaque de fixation 20 et deux ensembles de montage 32 et 34 s'étendant symétriquement de préférence de part et d'autre de la partie centrale 30. Cette partie centrale est engagée dans l'orifice 28 de la plaque 20. Dans le mode de réalisation particulier représenté, les ensembles de montage 32 et 34 sont constitués par des viroles cylindriques 36 et 38 qui définissent ainsi deux cavités de montage sensiblement cylindriques 40 et 42 qui sont ouvertes vers l'extérieur. A l'intérieur des cavités 40 et 42 qui sont de préférence mais non nécessairement identiques, sont montés les moteurs hydrauliques 44 et 46. Chaque moteur hydraulique comprend un stator 44a, 46a et un rotor 44b et 46b. Chaque rotor 44b et 46b est monté sur un arbre commun 50 dont l'axe géométrique est confondu avec l'axe XX'. La partie médiane 50a de l'arbre 50 traverse la partie centrale 30 de la structure de montage par un alésage convenablement réalisé. Les extrémités 50b et 50c de l'arbre 50 sont rendues solidaires de pièces d'entraînement ou jantes 52 et 54. Sur ces jantes 52 et 54 sont montés les tambours de fraise 22 et 24. Les jantes 52 et 54 sont guidées et supportées en rotation par des paliers 56 et 58 qui sont eux-mêmes montés sur la face externe 36a, 38a des viroles 36 et 38 formant les ensembles de montage des moteurs hydrauliques. La fonction des paliers 56 et 58 est essentiellement la reprise des efforts appliqués par les tambours de fraise lors des opérations de fraisage.The mill motor 16 comprises a mounting structure 26 which is integral with the fixing plate 20 and engaged in an opening, preferably circular 28, of axis XX '. The mounting structure 26 comprises a central portion 30 which is preferably substantially symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the fixing plate 20 and two mounting assemblies 32 and 34 extending symmetrically preferably on either side of the part This central portion is engaged in the orifice 28 of the plate 20. In the particular embodiment shown, the assemblies 32 and 34 are constituted by cylindrical shells 36 and 38 which thus define two mounting cavities substantially cylindrical 40 and 42 which are open to the outside. Inside the cavities 40 and 42 which are preferably but not necessarily identical, are mounted the hydraulic motors 44 and 46. Each hydraulic motor comprises a stator 44a, 46a and a rotor 44b and 46b. Each rotor 44b and 46b is mounted on a common shaft 50 whose geometric axis coincides with the axis XX '. The middle portion 50a of the shaft 50 passes through the central portion 30 of the mounting structure by a bore suitably made. The ends 50b and 50c of the shaft 50 are made integral with driving parts or rims 52 and 54. On these rims 52 and 54 are mounted the milling drums 22 and 24. The rims 52 and 54 are guided and supported by rotation by bearings 56 and 58 which are themselves mounted on the outer face 36a, 38a of ferrules 36 and 38 forming the mounting assemblies of the hydraulic motors. The function of the bearings 56 and 58 is essentially the recovery of the forces applied by the milling drums during milling operations.

La circulation des liquides nécessaire au fonctionnement des moteurs hydrauliques et de leur environnement est réalisée de la manière suivante. Des conduites telles que 70 sont percées dans l'épaisseur de la plaque de fixation 20. Ces canalisations 72 sont réalisées dans la partie centrale 30 de la structure de montage. Or, la partie centrale peut avoir une épaisseur bien plus importante que la plaque. L'épaisseur de la partie centrale peut être typiquement de l'ordre de 400 mm. Une de leur extrémité est raccordée à des conduites d'alimentation ou d'évacuation disposées sur le châssis de la fraise et leur autre extrémité inférieure est raccordée à des canalisations représentées schématiquement par 72 sur la figure 2. Ces conduites étant rectilignes, il est possible de donner à la plaque 20 une épaisseur réduite tout en lui conservant la résistance mécanique nécessaire. Cette épaisseur peut être limitée à 60 mm. Cela est très important car en dessous de cette plaque, les tambours de fraise ne peuvent creuser directement le sol. Comme on l'expliquera ultérieurement dans le mode de réalisation considéré, il y a cinq conduites d'alimentation 70 qui correspondent respectivement à l'alimentation en haute pression des moteurs hydrauliques, au retour d'huile en basse pression des moteurs hydrauliques, au drainage des fuites internes des moteurs hydrauliques, à une conduite d'huile transmettant une pression d'équilibrage sur les joints d'étanchéité du moteur de fraise pour éviter la pénétration de la boue de forage à l'intérieur des moteurs de fraise eux-mêmes et à une conduite transmettant une pression hydraulique pilotant un dispositif de changement de cylindrée des moteurs hydrauliques dans le cas où le moteur de fraise est équipé d'un tel dispositif.The flow of liquids necessary for the operation of the hydraulic motors and their environment is carried out as follows. Pipes such as 70 are drilled in the thickness of the Fixing plate 20. These ducts 72 are made in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure. However, the central portion may have a much greater thickness than the plate. The thickness of the central portion may typically be of the order of 400 mm. One of their end is connected to supply or discharge lines disposed on the frame of the milling cutter and their other lower end is connected to pipes shown diagrammatically by 72 in FIG. 2. These pipes being rectilinear, it is possible to to give the plate 20 a reduced thickness while retaining the necessary mechanical strength. This thickness can be limited to 60 mm. This is very important because below this plate, strawberry drums can not directly dig the ground. As will be explained later in the embodiment considered, there are five supply lines 70 which respectively correspond to the high pressure supply of the hydraulic motors, the low pressure oil return of the hydraulic motors, the drainage internal leakage of the hydraulic motors, to an oil line transmitting a balancing pressure on the seals of the mill motor to prevent penetration of the drilling mud within the mill motors themselves and a pipe transmitting a hydraulic pressure driving a displacement engine displacement device of the hydraulic motors in the case where the mill motor is equipped with such a device.

En pratique, chaque moteur hydraulique peut avoir deux cylindrées différentes pour s'adapter aux conditions de coupe. Le changement de cylindrée est commandé par un système hydraulique monté dans la partie centrale 30 de la structure de montage.In practice, each hydraulic motor can have two different displacements to adapt to the cutting conditions. The displacement change is controlled by a hydraulic system mounted in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure.

Les systèmes d'équilibrage sont bien connus en eux-mêmes. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de les décrire. Il suffit de retenir que selon l'invention, la conduite d'alimentation du système d'équilibrage est ménagée dans la plaque 20 de fixation.Balancing systems are well known in themselves. It is not necessary to describe them. It suffices to remember that according to the invention, the feed pipe of the balancing system is formed in the fixing plate 20.

Les canalisations telles que 72 sont réalisées dans la partie centrale 30 de la structure de montage. Ces canalisations sont de préférence symétriques pour alimenter ou récupérer des liquides de la même manière pour les deux moteurs hydrauliques 44 et 46.Pipes such as 72 are made in the central portion 30 of the mounting structure. These pipes are preferably symmetrical for feeding or recovering liquids in the same way for the two hydraulic motors 44 and 46.

Dans la mesure où les canalisations 72 doivent alimenter les parties tournantes des moteurs hydrauliques, ces canalisations aboutissent dans des systèmes de distribution tels que 74 et 76 couramment appelés glaces qui assurent une liaison tournante entre les canalisations d'alimentation et les entrées ou sorties hydrauliques des rotors 44b et 46b.Insofar as the pipes 72 must feed the rotating parts of the hydraulic motors, these pipes end in distribution systems such as 74 and 76 commonly called windows which provide a rotating connection between the supply lines and the hydraulic inputs or outputs of the rotors 44b and 46b.

On comprend que dans la mesure où chaque canalisation 72 alimente de façon symétrique les glaces 74 et 76 correspondant aux moteurs hydrauliques 44 et 46, la pression exercée par le liquide ou l'huile sur les faces d'alimentation des rotors des moteurs hydrauliques 44 et 46 sont identiques et s'équilibrent donc axialement. Un des avantages de ce mode de réalisation est donc de ne pas nécessiter la mise en place de roulements ou de butées pour reprendre des poussées axiales selon la direction de l'axe XX' qui seraient dues aux liquides d'alimentation. Cependant, on ne sortirait pas de l'invention s'il n'y avait pas, comme cela peut être intéressant dans certains cas, une compensation effective des poussées au niveau des glaces 74 et 76 d'alimentation des moteurs hydrauliques.It will be understood that insofar as each duct 72 symmetrically feeds the windows 74 and 76 corresponding to the hydraulic motors 44 and 46, the pressure exerted by the liquid or the oil on the supply faces of the rotors of the hydraulic motors 44 and 46 are identical and thus equilibrate axially. One of the advantages of this embodiment is therefore not to require the introduction of bearings or stops to resume axial thrusts in the direction of the axis XX 'which would be due to the feed liquids. However, it would not go beyond the invention if there was not, as may be interesting in some cases, an effective compensation of thrusts at the windows 74 and 76 of the hydraulic motors power supply.

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté plus en détail les conduites 70 et les canalisations 72. On a fait apparaître en particulier les cinq conduites d'alimentation 70a à 70e ménagées dans l'épaisseur de la plaque de fixation 20. Comme on le voit mieux sur cette figure, de préférence, les conduites 70a à 70e sont chemisées par revêtement de la paroi interne par une couche 78 présentant une étanchéité importante et également une résistance mécanique élevée. Ce chemisage 76 des conduites 70a à 70e permet d'assurer l'étanchéité et l'intégrité de la circulation des liquides sous pression tout en autorisant, en plus du caractère linéaire des conduites 70, ainsi qu'on l'a déjà expliqué, le fait que la plaque de fixation 20 a une épaisseur e relativement réduite par exemple de l'ordre de 60 mm. On comprend en effet qu'il est important que cette plaque présente une épaisseur relativement réduite puisque cette épaisseur définit une zone dans laquelle les tambours de fraise 22 et 24 sont inactifs. Seule la présence de cette plaque de fixation 20 créée un redan entre les zones effectivement découpées par les tambours de fraise 22 et 24. Ce redan étant parfois très difficile à briser lorsque la couche géologique présente une dureté importante.In FIG. 3, the lines 70 and the pipes 72 are shown in greater detail. In particular, the five supply lines 70a to 70e are shown in the thickness of the fixing plate 20. As can be seen in FIG. better in this figure, preferably, the pipes 70a to 70e are lined by coating the inner wall with a layer 78 having a high seal and also a high mechanical strength. This lining 76 of the pipes 70a to 70e makes it possible to ensure the tightness and the integrity of the circulation of the pressurized liquids while allowing, in addition to the linear character of the pipes 70, as already explained, the the fixing plate 20 has a relatively small thickness e, for example of the order of 60 mm. It is understood that it is important that this plate has a relatively small thickness since this thickness defines an area in which the straw drums 22 and 24 are inactive. Only the presence of this fixing plate 20 creates a redan between the zones effectively cut by the mill drums 22 and 24. This redan is sometimes very difficult to break when the geological layer has a high hardness.

Les extrémités inférieures des conduites 70a à 70e sont raccordées aux canalisations 72a à 72e qui s'étendent symétriquement dans la partie centrale 26 de la structure de montage. Les extrémités de ces canalisations sont raccordées aux glaces de mise en communication avec les parties tournantes des moteurs hydrauliques. Les canalisations 72a à 72e qui servent à l'alimentation haute pression et à la sortie basse pression des moteurs hydrauliques 44 et 46 sont situées à une même distance de l'axe XX' de la partie centrale 26.The lower ends of the pipes 70a to 70e are connected to the pipes 72a to 72e which extend symmetrically in the central portion 26 of the mounting structure. The ends of these pipes are connected to the windows of communication with the rotating parts of the hydraulic motors. The lines 72a to 72e which serve for the high-pressure supply and the low-pressure output of the hydraulic motors 44 and 46 are located at the same distance from the axis XX 'of the central portion 26.

Claims (8)

Tête de coupe pour machine d'excavation comprenant au moins un moteur de fraise, chaque moteur de fraise comprenant : - une plaque de fixation (20) ; - une structure de montage (26), distincte de ladite plaque de fixation, solidaire de la plaque de fixation et présentant une partie centrale (30) et deux ensembles de montage (32, 34) disposés de part et d'autre du plan médian de la plaque de fixation ; - deux moteurs hydrauliques (44, 46), chaque moteur étant monté dans un desdits ensembles de montage ; - un arbre (50) commun aux deux moteurs hydrauliques sensiblement perpendiculaire à la plaque de fixation ; - une pluralité de conduites (70) ménagées dans l'épaisseur de ladite plaque de fixation (20) pour la circulation du liquide utilisé par les moteurs hydrauliques ; et - une pluralité de canalisations (72) ménagées dans ladite partie centrale (30) de la structure de montage, lesdites canalisations étant raccordées d'une part auxdites conduites (70), et d'autre part auxdits moteurs hydrauliques pour raccorder chacun des deux moteurs à chacune desdites conduites. Cutting head for an excavating machine comprising at least one mill motor, each mill motor comprising: - a fixing plate (20); a mounting structure (26), distinct from said fixing plate, integral with the fixing plate and having a central portion (30) and two mounting assemblies (32, 34) arranged on either side of the median plane; the fixing plate; - two hydraulic motors (44, 46), each motor being mounted in one of said mounting assemblies; - A shaft (50) common to both hydraulic motors substantially perpendicular to the fixing plate; a plurality of pipes (70) formed in the thickness of said fixing plate (20) for the circulation of the liquid used by the hydraulic motors; and a plurality of ducts (72) formed in said central part (30) of the mounting structure, said ducts being connected on the one hand to said ducts (70), and on the other hand to said hydraulic motors for connecting each of the two motors to each of said conduits. Tête de coupe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les deux moteurs hydrauliques (44, 46) sont sensiblement identiques et en ce qu'ils sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport au plan médian de la plaque de fixation (20).Cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that the two hydraulic motors (44, 46) are substantially identical and in that they are substantially symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the fixing plate (20). Tête de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre deux jantes (52, 54) pour le montage de tambours de fraise, chaque jante étant raccordée cinématiquement à une des extrémités dudit arbre commun (50) et deux ensembles de paliers (56, 58) montés sur la face externe desdits ensembles de montage pour guider au moins en rotation lesdites jantes portant les tambours.Cutting head according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises two rims (52, 54) for mounting milling drums, each rim being kinematically connected to one end of said common shaft (50) and two sets of bearings (56, 58) mounted on the outer face of said mounting assemblies for at least rotating guide said rims carrying the drums. Tête de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un système de commande de variation de la cylindrée des moteurs hydrauliques, piloté par le fluide véhiculé par une desdites conduites (70).Cutting head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a control system for varying the displacement of the hydraulic motors, driven by the fluid conveyed by one of said pipes (70). Tête de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les canalisations (72) réalisées dans la partie centrale (30) de la structure de montage (26) pour alimenter lesdits moteurs hydrauliques (44, 46) sont réalisées de telle manière que la poussée axiale produite par le liquide d'alimentation sur les faces desdits moteurs soit sensiblement équilibrée.Cutting head according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pipes (72) formed in the central portion (30) of the mounting structure (26) for feeding said hydraulic motors (44, 46) are performed in such a way that the axial thrust produced by the feed liquid on the faces of said engines is substantially balanced. Tête de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que chaque moteur de fraise (44, 46) comprend en outre un système d'équilibrage par pression des joints d'étanchéité et en ce que la conduite d'alimentation du système d'équilibrage est une des conduites (70) ménagées dans ladite plaque de fixation (20).Cutting head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each bur motor (44, 46) further comprises a pressure balancing system of the seals and in that the drive of The balancing system supply is one of the lines (70) in said fixing plate (20). Tête de coupe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que chaque ensemble de montage (32, 34) comprend une virole cylindrique (36, 38) sur la face externe desquelles sont montés lesdits paliers (56, 58).Cutting head according to claim 3, characterized in that each mounting assembly (32, 34) comprises a cylindrical shell (36, 38) on the outer face of which are mounted said bearings (56, 58). Tête de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que ladite plaque de fixation (20) comprend une ouverture (28) dans laquelle est engagée la partie centrale (30) de ladite structure de montage (26).Cutting head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said fixing plate (20) comprises an opening (28) in which is engaged the central portion (30) of said mounting structure (26).
EP07112940.7A 2006-07-28 2007-07-23 Cutting head for a digging machine Active EP1882781B1 (en)

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JP5379359B2 (en) 2013-12-25
FR2904338B1 (en) 2011-03-04
EP1882781B1 (en) 2018-03-21
KR101429556B1 (en) 2014-08-12
JP2008031836A (en) 2008-02-14
US7765723B2 (en) 2010-08-03
CA2594299C (en) 2015-11-24
US20080022563A1 (en) 2008-01-31
CA2594299A1 (en) 2008-01-28
FR2904338A1 (en) 2008-02-01
KR20080011126A (en) 2008-01-31

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