EP1867430B1 - Schleif- und Poliermaschine zum Schleifen und/oder Polieren von Werkstücken in optischer Qualität - Google Patents

Schleif- und Poliermaschine zum Schleifen und/oder Polieren von Werkstücken in optischer Qualität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1867430B1
EP1867430B1 EP07010309A EP07010309A EP1867430B1 EP 1867430 B1 EP1867430 B1 EP 1867430B1 EP 07010309 A EP07010309 A EP 07010309A EP 07010309 A EP07010309 A EP 07010309A EP 1867430 B1 EP1867430 B1 EP 1867430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spindle
grinding
tool
workpiece
polishing machine
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP07010309A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1867430A1 (de
Inventor
Holger Schäfer
Joachim Diehl
Lothar Urban
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Satisloh AG
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Satisloh AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/0031Machines having several working posts; Feeding and manipulating devices
    • B24B13/0037Machines having several working posts; Feeding and manipulating devices the lenses being worked by different tools, e.g. for rough-grinding, fine-grinding, polishing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/005Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding and polishing machine for grinding and / or polishing workpieces in optical quality, in particular of lenses, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a grinding and polishing machine for grinding and / or polishing workpieces in optical quality, in particular of lenses, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • combination tools DE 197 37 217 A1
  • two cup grinding tools are arranged coaxially and axially displaceable relative to each other for the production of polishable lenses by means of coarse and fine grinding.
  • the tool diameter is limited and both the rigidity of the connection to the spindle and the concentricity of the grinding lips is in need of improvement.
  • the axial displacement of the tools to each other is prone to failure due to the loading of the coolant with glass abrasion.
  • a grinding and polishing machine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 was developed by Loh Optikmaschinen AG, Wetzlar, under the name "Toromatic-2 SL”.
  • This machine which works according to the "swing-spindle concept", has a tool spindle with one milling or grinding tool flanged to each end of the spindle. To that To be able to bring the respective tool into engagement with the workpiece, the spindle is pivotable about its pivot axis arranged at right angles to the spindle and can be fixed in these locking positions assigned to the two tools.
  • an additional device is provided in this machine, which consists of a rotatable about a further axis swivel head, which is provided with an additional hydraulic drive.
  • the pivot axis of the tool spindle bearing spindle housing is arranged at a distance from its axis of rotation. This arrangement thus requires two different drives for 180 ° pivoting of the tool spindle on the one hand and for angular positioning of the tool spindle with respect to the workpiece spindle on the other.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a highly accurate and compact construction grinding and polishing machine of the type described above, which allows a simple and inexpensive way to use several grinding and polishing tools.
  • the grinding and polishing machine starting from the training specified in the preamble according to the invention by the features that the designated in the preamble means consists of a arranged on the pivot axis drive, by means of which the tool spindle about the pivot axis for both the desired tool engagement pivotable and in any defined angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle is rotatable.
  • the present in the preamble of claim 1 the present in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Relevant prior art existing two axes namely the tool change serving pivot axis and the setting of defined angular positions between the tool spindle and workpiece spindle serving axis of rotation are combined into a single common pivot / rotation axis ,
  • the tool spindle with the tool used in each case can be rotated in any angular positions both static and dynamic.
  • only one drive is used for both functions.
  • the drive as indicated in claim 2, a coaxially arranged with the pivot axis torque motor whose rotor is fixedly connected via a pivot shaft with the spindle housing.
  • the drive not only a compact direct drive for the spindle housing is achieved, but it enables high-precision angular positioning.
  • the grinding and polishing machine according to the invention can be equipped in the simplest design with only one tool spindle. It can be advantageous but also several tool spindles, for example, two tool spindles, parallel to each other in the spindle housing, whereby the versatility of the machine according to the invention with respect to the different tools used on the tool spindles and accordingly editable different workpiece geometries / Materials is increased.
  • the arrangement is preferably such that the pivot axis (substantially) passes through the center of mass of the spindle housing regardless of the number of tool spindles, as is apparent from claim 4.
  • the spindle housing can pivot with the tool spindles mounted thereon and rotate uniformly in defined angular positions, without causing disturbing mass moments generated by an eccentric center of gravity are overcome.
  • a further embodiment of the invention can be mounted according to claim 5 on the spindle housing laterally outside at least one functional element for detecting the workpiece geometry or for workpiece handling.
  • measurements of the workpiece geometry can be carried out in a certain amount in situ immediately before, during or after different processing stages and necessary corrections can be automatically taken into account by the CNC control.
  • detecting the workpiece geometry may be attached as a functional element according to claim 6, a probe on the spindle housing, or according to claim 7, a ring physeter with the interposition of a rubber elastic-flexible layer for measuring radii on workpieces. Due to the pivoting of the spindle housing and thus of the probe or the spherometer, it is possible to set these functional elements in the normal direction to any location of the workpiece, which incorrect measurements that may be caused by oblique probing, be safely avoided.
  • a mechanical probe as a functional element for detecting the lens thickness and lens contour
  • a non-contact measuring system can be used, for example a pneumatically operated by dynamic pressure (baffle) system.
  • An optical measuring system can also be used as a functional element. Suitable optical measuring systems are, for example, laser autofocus, laser triangulation or interferometry-measuring systems.
  • a loading arm with suction or gripper as a functional element on the spindle housing.
  • several different functional elements may be laterally attached outside at different locations on the spindle housing, as is apparent from claim 9.
  • the existing CNC axes, with which the spindle housing can be moved and pivoted linearly, are used in workpiece handling in such a way that workpieces, e.g. be transported from a workpiece magazine in the receiving chuck of the workpiece spindle and vice versa.
  • the possibility of pivoting the spindle housing can also be used to turn a workpiece, which allows a two-sided machining.
  • Automated tool profile measurements or adjustments to measuring probes or adjustment auxiliary elements can also be made therewith, which are arranged fixed to the machine at any point in the action range of the spindle housing, e.g. also over head opposite to the workpiece spindle.
  • Several measuring stations can be provided in the action area of the spindle housing without significantly increasing the size of the machine.
  • the invention enables a particularly advantageous central coolant supply directly into the interior of the tools used.
  • the tool spindle with a substantially continuous over its length Central tube is provided, which is on both sides with internal recesses of the tools for coolant supply through the tool is in communication, wherein on the side facing away from the active tool side of the tool spindle, a coolant nozzle is positioned.
  • a nozzle holder is mounted by means of a pneumatic or electric rotary actuator according to claim 11 on the spindle housing, which ensures that the nozzle from above can supply coolant through the inactive tool.
  • the concept according to the invention makes it possible, with a significantly lower constructional and technical outlay compared to the state of the art, to more precisely and accurately continuously engage more tools with the workpiece than in all previous embodiments in order to achieve a large number of complex surfaces and components Avoidance of special tools to edit.
  • the concept according to the invention makes it possible to carry out all customary grinding and polishing methods, such as rotary peripheral transverse or longitudinal grinding and polishing, external cylindrical grinding and polishing, cup grinding or face grinding and polishing.
  • polishing in addition to tools for special lens geometries, in particular standard polishing tools with different so-called polishing grounds can be used for pre-polishing and fine-polishing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a CNC controlled grinding and polishing machine 10, in particular for processing optical lenses in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system, in which the letter x denotes the width direction, the letter y the length direction and the letter z the height direction of the machine 10.
  • the machine 10 has a machine frame 11 formed from a monolithic block of polymer concrete.
  • two guide rails 12 which extend parallel to each other in the vertical height direction z, are fixed to the machine frame 11.
  • a Z-slide 13 which is CNC-positionally adjustable by associated CNC drive and control elements (not shown) in both directions of a Z-axis, slidably mounted on guide carriage.
  • two workpiece spindles 14 and 15 arranged parallel to one another are provided, which are each CNC-angle-controlled with respect to their axes of rotation.
  • a collet 16 is mounted on the workpiece spindle 14, which clamps a lens 17 for machining.
  • the other workpiece spindle 15 is equipped in the example shown with a vacuum chuck 18 to the workpiece holder.
  • two guide rails 19 extending in the horizontal width direction x in parallel to each other are fixed to the machine frame 11.
  • the two guide rails 19 are limited by end stops 20.
  • an X-carriage 21 is slidably guided via carriage, which by a linear motor in both directions of an X-axis CNC position controlled adjustable.
  • the primary part 22 of the linear motor is attached to the X-carriage 21, while the secondary part 23 is arranged between the guide rails 19 on the machine frame 11.
  • the end stops 20 associated rubber buffer 24 are attached.
  • a drive motor 26 is slidably guided via guide carriage, by a further linear motor from which Fig. 3 only the fixed between the rails 25 on the X-carriage 21 secondary part 27 can be seen in both directions of a Y-axis CNC-position adjustable.
  • the drive motor 26 forms in a manner to be described a pivoting device for a above the workpiece spindles 14 and 15 arranged, also to be described in more detail spindle housing 28.
  • the reference numeral 29 denotes a horizontal pivot axis for the spindle housing 28th
  • two mutually parallel tool spindles 30 and 31 are provided in the spindle housing 28, which are rotationally driven by, for example, each a torque motor drivable. Both tool spindles 30, 31 are formed at both ends for the co-axial reception of a respective tool in order to provide each one of the two tools for engagement with a workpiece.
  • a cup wheel 32 and a combination pot grinding wheel 33 are attached to the tool spindle 30.
  • a cup wheel 34 and a combination pot grinding wheel 35 attached, but with different dimensions.
  • the drive motor 26 is an equiaxed with the pivot axis 29 arranged in the rotational position CNC-controlled torque motor, in Fig. 4 is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the rotor 36 of the motor 26 is mounted on a pivot shaft 37 which is fixedly connected to the spindle housing 28 via an intermediate flange 38 (for example by means of screws not shown here).
  • the pivot shaft 37 is rotatably supported by two spaced-apart bearings 39 in a housing 40 and axially immovable.
  • the concentrically arranged to the rotor 36 of the motor 26 stator 41 is rotatably mounted in the housing 40.
  • Fig. 4 the tool spindle 31 shown in longitudinal section.
  • the tool spindle 31 is rotatably and axially non-displaceably mounted in the spindle housing 28 via two spaced-apart rolling bearings 42.
  • On the tool spindle 31 is the rotor 43, and in the housing 28 of the rotor 43 concentrically surrounding stator 44 of the torque motor.
  • Hydraulic chucks 45 are provided at both ends of the tool spindle 31 in order to clamp the shanks 46 and 47 of the tools 34 and 35 used in cylinder bores 48 and 49 of the tool spindle 31.
  • the tool spindle 31 is provided with a substantially continuous over its length central tube 50, which on both sides with internal recesses 51 and 52 of the tools 34 and 35 sealed by radial shaft seals 53 and 54 is in communication. This arrangement serves to supply coolant to the respectively active tool from the inside through the tool ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the position of the pivot axis 29 with respect to the spindle housing 28 is selected so that it extends approximately through the center of gravity of the spindle housing 28.
  • the center of gravity is approximately centrally between the two spindles 30, 31.
  • At least one functional element for detecting the workpiece geometry or for workpiece handling can be attached laterally on the outside.
  • the functional element may be a probe 55.
  • Ringphärometer 56 ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the spherometer 56 is fixed to the spindle housing 28 by means of an angular holder 58. How to continue Fig. 5 shows, a measuring system is mounted on the holder 58 in conjunction with the Ringsphärometer 56, consisting here of an incremental probe 55 '(eg, the series MT 12 manufacturer Heidenhain), the probe tip 59 protrudes from the measuring ring of the spheres 56.
  • the measuring system is protected by a suitable cover (not shown) against dirt and coolant.
  • a functional element serving for workpiece handling is likewise in Fig. 5 shown.
  • This is a loading arm 60, consisting of a spacer 61 and a pneumatic cylinder 62 with piston rod 63, at whose free end a sucker 64 is attached.
  • the operation of this functional element is, for example, as follows: The vacuum cleaner 64 is moved over the workpiece in the workpiece spindle 14. Then, the sucker 64 is driven by the pneumatic cylinder 62 down while the workpiece spindle 14 is moved upward. The teat 64 can now suck the lens 17, the collet 16 is opened and the lens 17 is taken over by the teat 64.
  • the nipple 64 is moved upwards to temporarily store the lens 17 so that it can be taken over again by an external charging system (not shown).
  • This has a swivelable by 180 ° vacuum cleaner, which turns the lens 17 and turned it can insert again in one of the workpiece chuck.
  • Fig. 5 illustrated several different functional elements can be mounted laterally on the spindle housing 28 at different locations.
  • a nozzle holder 69 by means of an in Fig. 6 schematically shown pneumatic or electric pivot drive 66 may be attached.
  • two nozzles 65 at a distance of the two tool spindles 30, 31 are attached, which produce a thin, little diverging beam.
  • the nozzle located above the active tool spindle 65 is supplied with coolant, so that the coolant jet through the central tube 50 of the respective spindle passes through into the center of the tool in active engagement.
  • the nozzle holder 69 can optionally with respect to the spindle housing 28 in the in Fig. 6 shown relative position (or relative to this position rotated by 180 ° relative position) are held so that the nozzle holder 69 moves with the spindle housing 28, or rotated relative to the spindle housing 28, about 90 °, for example, to allow a tool change.
  • the Fig. 7 shows the simplest embodiment of the invention with only one tool spindle 30, at both ends by means of hydraulic expansion chuck (45 in Fig. 4 ) each a cup wheel 34 and combination pot grinding wheel 35 is mounted.
  • the pivot axis 29 is arranged in the center of the spindle 30 in the center of mass of the housing 28 at right angles to the spindle axis of rotation.
  • One - or as shown in the drawing - two workpiece spindles 14 and 15 are arranged opposite the tool spindle 30. Since the rotating combination pot grinding wheel 35 processes the lens 17 on the workpiece spindle 14, in this case only the spindle 14 is driven, which is indicated by the arrow symbol below the spindle 14.
  • Fig. 8 are two tool spindles 30 and 31 provided in a spindle housing 28, as already in the Fig. 1 to 6 has been shown and described with reference to these figures.
  • the tool spindles 30 and 31 are equipped at both receiving ends with pot tools 32, 34 and combination tools 33, 35, each consisting of a cup wheel and a peripheral grinding wheel fitted. Laterally on the spindle housing 28, a probe 55 is attached.
  • located on the workpiece spindle 14 lens 17 is processed, for which the workpiece spindle 14 in the rotation angle CNC-controlled and the Tool spindle 31 are driven speed controlled.
  • the convex surface of the lens 17 is machined by means of the tool 35, wherein the rotation of the two spindles 31 and 14, the combination pot grinding wheel 35 performs an advancing movement in the direction of the axis of the workpiece (flat grinding principle).
  • Fig. 9 the fine grinding of the same lens surface of the lens 17 is shown.
  • the spindle housing 28 with the two tool spindles 30 and 31 by means of with reference to FIG Fig. 4 described drive motor 26 pivoted about 180 ° about the pivot axis 29, so that now the cup wheel 34 is in working engagement with the lens 17.
  • the way of working otherwise corresponds to that with reference to Fig. 8 described.
  • the Fig. 10 shows the pre-grinding of a concave surface (shown in phantom) by means of the combination pot grinding wheel 33 on the tool spindle 30.
  • the tool spindle 30 and the workpiece spindle 15 are driven, as indicated by the relevant arrow symbols.
  • Fig. 11 the fine grinding of the same concave surface is shown, for which purpose the spindle housing 28 with the tool spindles 30 and 31 has been pivoted about the pivot axis 29 by approximately 180 °. For this machining operation, in turn, the tool spindle 30 and the workpiece spindle 15 are driven.
  • the Fig. 12 illustrates the use of the probe 55 to measure, for example, the center thickness of the lens 17.
  • the spindle housing 28 is to be pivoted so that the probe 55 is aligned coaxially with the axis of the workpiece spindle 14.
  • the probe 55 can also be used to to capture the entire geometry of the lens. This is particularly advantageous in the measurement of aspherical surfaces. The measured values can be read directly into the CNC control to carry out automatic corrections and wear compensations.
  • the probe 55 can be pivoted to the spindle housing 28 relative to the lens 17 about the pivot axis 29 so that it is normal to the workpiece surface, ie perpendicular to the tangent to the measuring point.
  • workpiece surfaces can be measured with strong inclinations, without causing erroneous measurements by laterally bending away probe tips.
  • optical touch probes such as laser autofocus, white light or triangulation sensors, since these can often measure only limited on inclined surfaces.
  • the Fig. 14 shows the use of the pivotable about the pivot axis 29 spindle housing 28 with the tool spindles 30, 31 when machining an asphere or free-form surface on the lens 17 by means of a peripheral grinding disc 67.
  • This processing can be carried out according to the rotary circumference transverse grinding or - longitudinal grinding principle, the workpiece surface either spiral or can be processed meandering.
  • the Fig. 15 shows the machining of a plane surface on the outer edge of a workpiece, wherein the end face of the cup wheel 34 is used.
  • a linear feed in the direction of the Y-axis in this case generates a key surface-like flattening on the outer edge 68 of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece spindle 14 remains stationary, that is not driven in rotation.
  • a grinding and polishing machine for particular lenses which has at least one tool spindle and at least one workpiece spindle, which are relatively adjustable in mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the tool spindle is formed at the end for the coaxial reception of a respective tool and mounted in a spindle housing, which is pivotable about a pivot axis arranged at right angles to the tool spindle, in order to provide a tool for a machining engagement.
  • a device is provided with which the tool spindle is rotatable in any defined angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle.
  • this device consists of only one arranged on the pivot axis drive, by means of which the tool spindle is pivotable about the pivot axis both for the desired machining engagement and pivotable in said angular positions with respect to the workpiece spindle, so that a highly accurate and compact machine is created, the makes it possible in a simple and cost-effective manner to use several grinding and polishing tools.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
EP07010309A 2006-06-16 2007-05-24 Schleif- und Poliermaschine zum Schleifen und/oder Polieren von Werkstücken in optischer Qualität Active EP1867430B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006028164A DE102006028164B4 (de) 2006-06-16 2006-06-16 Schleif- und Poliermaschine zum Schleifen und/oder Polieren von Werkstücken in optischer Qualität

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1867430A1 EP1867430A1 (de) 2007-12-19
EP1867430B1 true EP1867430B1 (de) 2010-05-12

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US (1) US7455569B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1867430B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101088706B (zh)
AT (1) ATE467483T1 (zh)
DE (3) DE102006028164B4 (zh)

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CN110216554B (zh) * 2019-06-26 2021-05-28 山东金盛车桥制造有限公司 一种汽车刹车盘再制造修复设备及其方法
CN111805419A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-10-23 德屹智能科技(扬州)有限公司 一种柔性动力头及加工装置

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DE102006028164A1 (de) 2008-02-28
CN101088706A (zh) 2007-12-19
ATE467483T1 (de) 2010-05-15
DE202007019162U1 (de) 2010-11-04
EP1867430A1 (de) 2007-12-19
US7455569B2 (en) 2008-11-25
DE102006028164B4 (de) 2009-04-02
US20070293128A1 (en) 2007-12-20
DE502007003693D1 (de) 2010-06-24
CN101088706B (zh) 2010-12-29

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