EP1848787A1 - Fl]ssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Fl]ssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1848787A1 EP1848787A1 EP05821059A EP05821059A EP1848787A1 EP 1848787 A1 EP1848787 A1 EP 1848787A1 EP 05821059 A EP05821059 A EP 05821059A EP 05821059 A EP05821059 A EP 05821059A EP 1848787 A1 EP1848787 A1 EP 1848787A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bio
- fuel mixture
- mixture
- fuel
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007700 distillative separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003745 glyceroyl group Chemical group C(C(O)CO)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019626 lipase activity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6458—Glycerides by transesterification, e.g. interesterification, ester interchange, alcoholysis or acidolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid biofuel mixture based on fatty acid alkyl ester and a method and an apparatus for producing the same.
- the fuel is particularly suitable as an additive for conventional fuels such as diesel or gasoline. Direct use of the fuel mixture as fuel for internal combustion engines is also possible.
- biofuels are understood to mean liquid fuels and fuels which are obtained from renewable raw materials.
- biofuels are animal fats, vegetable oils and liquids produced from vegetable or animal raw materials, such as fatty acid alkyl esters from the catalytic transesterification of fats and oils, bio-ethanol from the fermentation of
- Starch Sugar or celluloses but also methanol from the gasification of fat, starch, sugar or cellulose-containing raw materials.
- biofuels are added today as an additive to conventional fuels such as diesel or petrol to the life cycle assessment of fuels to improve and meet legal requirements.
- WO 01/29154 A1 describes the direct use of animal fat waste in combustion engines as an economic solution. But it is from the
- the prior art also discloses that the direct use of renewable fats or oils in internal combustion engines due to the high viscosity and Low cetane number leads to incidents in the combustion process and due to incomplete burn-out to deposits.
- Bioethanol is obtained through a fermentation process from raw materials contained in plants. Carbohydrates are cleaved with the help of microorganisms and converted to ethanol via several intermediates. Since ethanol still contains at least 5% of water in this process, after the fermentation process an absolute, usually with toluene must be carried out.
- the ethanol / toluene mixture is commonly referred to as bioethanol and is a substitute for gasoline.
- bioethanol can not be used in conventional engines.
- a modification is necessary.
- the use of a mixture of, usually 95%, gasoline and 5% bioethanol is easily possible.
- Bioethanol has the benefits of high octane, high combustion efficiency and low emissions.
- bioethanol is above all the low energy density, the poor life cycle assessment, the low efficiency of the fermentation process and the use of the aromatic toluene.
- bioethanol as a gasoline additive is both ecologically and economically controversial.
- Vegetable oils represent a substitute for diesel fuel. They have the best eco-balance of all biofuels and a comparatively high energy density of 38 MJ / kg (diesel: 43 MJ / kg). Nevertheless, oils could not prevail as fuel so far, since the use in diesel engines is technically complex. The most serious problem is the high viscosity of the substances. Because of this, there is an increase in the pump internal pressure and a change in the injection behavior. This can lead to damage to seals, combustion chambers, glow plugs and pistons. In addition, the high viscosity, as well as the low ignitability, can lead to incomplete combustion of the fuel. This leaves oil or grease and combustion residues in the combustion chamber and settle on pistons and nozzles. In addition, it comes to resinification after prolonged use with vegetable oils.
- Animal fats have the same disadvantages as vegetable oils. However, since animal fats have a much higher viscosity and, moreover, form free fatty acids much faster than is the case with vegetable oils, energetic use only makes sense in heavy oil burners with rotary atomizers.
- Cetane number can be used in almost all diesel engines of recent design. Biodiesel is biodegradable and does not represent a hazardous substance due to the relatively high flashpoint.
- Another advantage of the FSAE is the significantly improved emission levels compared to fossil diesel. Above all, the sulfur oxide, the hydrocarbon and the soot particle emissions are significantly reduced. Only the nitrogen oxide output is slightly increased.
- Another problem is the low winter and oxidation stability of the FSAE.
- Biodiesel is obtained by catalytic transesterification of vegetable oil.
- dehydrated, deacidified and degummed oil with a molar excess of alcohol (usually methanol) of 6: 1 using 1 mass percent catalyst (usually KOH) above the boiling point of the alcohol reacted.
- the fatty acids contained in the fat molecule are catalytically cleaved and react with the present alcohol to fatty acid alkyl esters.
- Fats and oils are triglycerides, i. a fat molecule contains three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule.
- Transesterification reaction as it is carried out in the production of biodiesel, per molecule of fat or oil, three molecules of biodiesel and one molecule of glycerol.
- Intermediates of the reaction are mono- and diglycerides.
- Mono- and diglycerides consist of a glycerol backbone, hereinafter also referred to as glycerol backbone, to which one (monoglyceride) or two (diglyceride) fatty acids are bound. Since both polar hydroxide groups and apolar hydrocarbon chains are present in mono- and diglycerides, they have amphiphilic properties and almost always change the polarity of the solvent in organic solutions.
- the transesterification requires a reaction time of about 8 hours, with a conversion of about 98% is achieved.
- the formed, insoluble in FSAE glycerol is removed by means of a phase separator from the biodiesel and used after a chemical and distillative purification as a technical or pharmaceutical raw material.
- the excess alcohol contained in the FSAE is separated by distillation and returned to the process. Subsequently, the biodiesel is washed with water to remove resulting soaps as well as catalyst and glycerol residues, and dried.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a bio-fuel mixture and a method and an apparatus for the production thereof, with which the mentioned disadvantages of
- the bio-fuel mixture should have a lower viscosity than Vegetable oil, so that the fuel can also be used in diesel engines without additional heating and conventional diesel fuel can be added. It should also be liquid and monophasic at low temperatures to achieve a high level of storage stability.
- bio-fuel mixture according to claim 1 the method according to claims 11 and 21 and the device according to claim 24.
- Advantageous compositions of the bio-fuel mixture and embodiments of the method and the device for producing the same are the subject of the dependent claims or can be taken from the following description and the exemplary embodiments.
- the bio-fuel mixture according to the invention contains at least one fraction of fatty acid alkyl ester and a fraction consisting of bound glycerol in the form of mono- and / or diglycerides and / or triglycerides.
- the proportion of bound glycerol is at least 1 wt .-% in the fuel mixture, based on the glycerol backbone (empirical formula of the glycerol backbone: C3H5O3, molecular weight: 89 g / mol), preferably between 3 and 10 wt .-%. Higher concentrations are possible by adding glycerides and possibly desired.
- Monoglycerides and / or diglycerides are capable of more than doubling the solubility of free glycerol in FSAE.
- glycerol separates out as a second phase from the biofuel. This phase has to be separated from the alkyl esters with much effort.
- the glycerol which is a natural constituent of oils and fats, can be utilized in the bio-fuel mixture according to the invention together with the other fractions in the combustion process.
- the yield by the co-utilization of glycerol in the fuel thus increases by about 10%, which brings significant cost advantages.
- the bio-fuel mixture according to the invention is also able to keep more than 40% by weight of fats or oils in solution, and thus to permit co-use of these substances in the fuel mixture, without the need for further phases or separation.
- the bio-fuel mixture also shows lower exhaust emissions compared to biodiesel with respect to hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and soot particles.
- bioethanol is used as alcohol for the transesterification.
- the bio-fuel mixture can be mixed in any ratio with mineral fuel or conventional biodiesel, thereby diluted and used as a fuel. It is thus possible to set a lower concentration of bound glycerol in the final used fuel.
- mono- and diglycerides in the bio-fuel mixture, for example, in the Transesterification of vegetable oil to fatty acid alkyl esters are formed.
- mono-, di- and triglycerides which originate from another source or are of synthetic origin.
- mono- and diglycerides can be used in the bio-fuel mixture containing fatty acids with less than 10 carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecule. This can bring particular advantages for reducing the viscosity.
- One possible method of preparation is based on a partial transesterification of triglycerides.
- purified and possibly dehydrated fat or oil is mixed with a monohydric alcohol and reacted by addition of a suitable catalyst.
- a suitable catalyst for this purpose, the fat, oil, alcohol and catalyst can also be mixtures of different substances.
- the ratio of FSAE, mono-, di- and optionally triglycerides can be adjusted in the reaction product.
- the catalysts used are preferably one or more regiospecific lipases. Particularly advantageous is the use of S n -1, 3 regiospecific lipases as a catalyst.
- Such lipases Preferably, the first and third fatty acids cleave from the tricylceride.
- a mixture of mono- and diglycerides is formed along with FSAE.
- alcohol consumption was reduced by 33-50% compared to conventional biodiesel production, since the alcohol glycerol remains in the bio-fuel mixture and does not have to be substituted.
- the catalyst or the catalyst mixture can be present both in free form and as a carrier-bound system.
- Supported catalysts have the advantage that they can be used over several reaction cycles. This is due to the relatively high price, especially in the use of lipases as a catalyst advantage.
- the device proposed for producing the biofuel has a reactor for receiving the mixture, which contains one or more carriers with one or more immobilized regiospecific lipases. This may be, for example, a stirred reactor or a fixed bed reactor.
- the reactor is followed by a separator for separating a bound fraction containing glycerol and / or alcohol from the product obtained by the reaction.
- This separated fraction is preferably returned to the mixing device so that no waste products are formed during the production process. It is also possible to supply the separated fraction to a separate recycling.
- the separating device may be, for example, a distillative separation device or a membrane separation device or a crystallization separation device or an adsorption separation device or extraction separation device.
- the process temperature for producing the biofuel mixture depends on the catalyst used and the triglyceride used. However, it usually moves between 20 and 120 ° C.
- the reaction rate depends on the catalyst concentration and the catalyst used.
- the reaction time or residence time is chosen depending on the desired fuel properties.
- the removal of water during the transesterification process also has the advantage that the formation of free fatty acids is reduced.
- a downstream cleaning of the fuel is not necessary, except for the removal of the free or carrier-bound catalyst.
- it can be carried out to adapt certain properties, such as increasing the viscosity by removing the residual alcohol.
- it may be advantageous to separate parts of the bound glycerol from the fuel mixture to adjust a lower viscosity. This can be achieved by means of prior art methods such as e.g. by membrane process, crystallization, adsorption or extraction e.g. with water or other polar or amphiphilic liquids.
- the biofuel mixture can also by addition of mono- and diglycerides, optionally also alcohols and
- Triglycerides to pure, i. commercially available, FSAE be obtained.
- the proportions of the glycerides and alcohols used depend on the desired properties.
- a high FSAE content of> 50% by weight is advantageous, particularly advantageously> 60% by weight, in some cases also> 80% by weight.
- a high FSAE content preferably of> 50% by weight
- a high monoglyceride content preferably of> 25% by weight, should be aimed for.
- the proportion of residual fat should be as low as possible, preferably ⁇ 2 wt .-% for this application.
- the fuel contains both mono- and diglycerides.
- monoglycerides e.g. it can come to the crystallization of monoglycerides.
- di- and / or triglycerides inhibits the
- the fuel based on alkyl esters is shown below in two examples.
- fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel
- This glyceride mixture can be purchased commercially.
- the bio-fuel mixture can be used as fuel.
- the figure shows highly schematic components of an exemplary apparatus for producing the bio-fuel mixture and the interaction of these components in the manufacturing process.
- triglycerides and alcohol are added to a mixer 1 and mixed therein. The mix out
- Triglycerides and alcohol are then transferred to a stirred or fixed bed reactor 2. This can be done via a connecting line between the mixing device and the reactor 2.
- the mixture is contacted with sn-1,3 regiospecific lipases as a catalyst to achieve partial transesterification.
- the regiospecific lipases are present in immobilized form on one or more carriers in the reactor.
- the product of the reaction is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters and monoglycerides, which may optionally also contain di- and triglycerides.
- a separation device 3 which is optionally downstream of the reactor 2, a residue of alcohol and triglycerides can be separated from the reaction product by distillation or by means of membrane separation technology and fed again to the process at the mixing device 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005007369 | 2005-02-17 | ||
PCT/DE2005/002156 WO2006086936A1 (de) | 2005-02-17 | 2005-11-30 | Flüssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1848787A1 true EP1848787A1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=35966989
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05821059A Withdrawn EP1848787A1 (de) | 2005-02-17 | 2005-11-30 | Fl]ssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090203092A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1848787A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5072605B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101290049B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101184826A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR053801A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005327879B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0520104A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2597679A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE112005003550A5 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG24718A (zh) |
MA (1) | MA29308B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007009954A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20074212L (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006086936A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200706614B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102006002848A1 (de) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Dracowo Forschungs- Und Entwicklungs Gmbh | Herstellung von Fettsäuremethylestern aus Altfetten und Ölen mittels Biodieselkleinstanlage |
EP1918354A1 (de) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-05-07 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Brennstoffzubereitungen die Glycerin enthalten |
EA016916B1 (ru) * | 2007-02-06 | 2012-08-30 | Янош Тес | Применение топлив и добавок к топливу на основе триглицеридов модифицированной структуры |
EP2121875A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2009-11-25 | The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa | Biodiesel fuels |
BRPI0701993A2 (pt) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-11-18 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | mÉtodo para reciclagem e aproveitamento da glicerina obtida da produÇço do biodiesel |
EP2065460A1 (de) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-03 | Wulfenia Beteiligungs GmbH | Biologischer Brennstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
KR100948292B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-03-17 | 제이씨케미칼(주) | 바이오디젤 제조용 다단 반응기 시스템 |
WO2010118891A1 (de) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Schmierflüssigkeit sowie verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
KR20100136060A (ko) * | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-28 | 서강오씨아이 주식회사 | 바이오디젤 부산물을 이용한 바이오디젤 제조방법 |
US8974553B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-03-10 | Joseph Ried | Miscible diesel fuel ethanol composition |
EP2657324A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-30 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - PETROBRAS | Process for the production of bio-lubricant from methyl biodiesel and bio-lubricant obtained by said process |
CN106480114B (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2021-10-08 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 制备生物柴油的方法 |
IT201900014778A1 (it) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-14 | Nextchem S P A | Processo per il pretrattamento di alimentazioni destinate alla produzione di bio-carburanti, mediante idrolisi di grassi ad alta temperatura e pressione |
GB202005461D0 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-05-27 | Trio Plus Bio Energy Ag | Additive |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5316927A (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1994-05-31 | Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. | Production of monoglycerides by enzymatic transesterification |
JP2668187B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-17 | 1997-10-27 | 日清製油株式会社 | リパーゼ粉末を用いたエステル交換法 |
US5578090A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-11-26 | Bri | Biodiesel fuel |
US5713965A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-02-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Production of biodiesel, lubricants and fuel and lubricant additives |
DE19702989A1 (de) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-07-30 | Clariant Gmbh | Umweltfreundlicher Dieseltreibstoff |
US6440057B1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2002-08-27 | Energea Umwelttechnologie Gmbh | Method for producing fatty acid methyl ester and equipment for realizing the same |
CA2336513C (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2010-08-24 | Tatsuo Tateno | Process for producing fatty acid esters and fuels comprising fatty acid ester |
JP4556268B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-17 | 2010-10-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | 脂肪酸エステルの製造方法 |
AU782699B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2005-08-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for preparing fatty acid esters from seeds or fruits |
CN1238469C (zh) * | 2004-01-16 | 2006-01-25 | 清华大学 | 有机介质反应体系中脂肪酶转化油脂生产生物柴油新工艺 |
DE102005002700A1 (de) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-27 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als Biotreibstoff |
FR2914927B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-06-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication d'esters alcooliques a partir de triglycerides et d'alcools au moyens de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de phosphate ou de compose organophosphore d'un metal du groupe 4. |
-
2005
- 2005-11-30 AU AU2005327879A patent/AU2005327879B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-30 WO PCT/DE2005/002156 patent/WO2006086936A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-11-30 US US11/884,468 patent/US20090203092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-30 KR KR1020077018837A patent/KR101290049B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-30 EP EP05821059A patent/EP1848787A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-30 CA CA002597679A patent/CA2597679A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-30 DE DE112005003550T patent/DE112005003550A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-30 BR BRPI0520104-7A patent/BRPI0520104A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-30 JP JP2007555445A patent/JP5072605B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-30 CN CNA2005800481689A patent/CN101184826A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-30 MX MX2007009954A patent/MX2007009954A/es unknown
-
2006
- 2006-01-25 AR ARP060100281A patent/AR053801A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 MA MA30126A patent/MA29308B1/fr unknown
- 2007-08-03 ZA ZA200706614A patent/ZA200706614B/en unknown
- 2007-08-14 EG EGNA2007000848 patent/EG24718A/xx active
- 2007-08-17 NO NO20074212A patent/NO20074212L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2006086936A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5072605B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
WO2006086936A1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
US20090203092A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
MA29308B1 (fr) | 2008-03-03 |
CN101184826A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
ZA200706614B (en) | 2008-04-30 |
AR053801A1 (es) | 2007-05-23 |
EG24718A (en) | 2010-06-07 |
CA2597679A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
DE112005003550A5 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
JP2008530318A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
KR20070114132A (ko) | 2007-11-29 |
MX2007009954A (es) | 2007-09-26 |
AU2005327879B2 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
AU2005327879A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
NO20074212L (no) | 2007-09-17 |
KR101290049B1 (ko) | 2013-07-30 |
BRPI0520104A (pt) | 2008-06-10 |
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