EP1697923A1 - Luftschallabsorbierendes bauteil - Google Patents
Luftschallabsorbierendes bauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP1697923A1 EP1697923A1 EP04790706A EP04790706A EP1697923A1 EP 1697923 A1 EP1697923 A1 EP 1697923A1 EP 04790706 A EP04790706 A EP 04790706A EP 04790706 A EP04790706 A EP 04790706A EP 1697923 A1 EP1697923 A1 EP 1697923A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component according
- resonance absorber
- porous layer
- hollow chambers
- sound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to an airborne sound absorbing component, in particular for motor vehicles, with a resonance absorber having a plurality of different sized, spaced apart hollow chambers, and a porous sound-absorbing layer of air-permeable material, which faces the sound incidence, wherein the hollow chambers each one the sound incidence facing oscillatory Wall section include.
- resonance absorber For sound insulation in motor vehicles in particular engine compartment shields are used, which consist of a so-called resonance absorber.
- a resonance absorber is described, for example, in EP 0 775 354 B1.
- Resonance absorbers of this type have basically proven themselves in practice. Unsatisfactory, however, is that their sound absorption level drops sharply to higher sound frequencies.
- porous absorbers of air-permeable material have a good sound absorption coefficient at high frequencies. However, their effectiveness decreases sharply at low frequencies.
- An airborne sound absorbing molding of the type mentioned is known from DE 40 11 705 C2.
- This molded part has on its surface facing the sound source Helmholtz resonators with different Resonant frequencies on.
- the Helmholtz resonators are arranged such that the adjacent Helmholtz resonators located in the area of action of the respective lower-frequency Helmholtz resonator have different resonance frequencies from one another and are arranged throughout the area.
- the surface of the molded part carrying the resonators is designed as a plate absorber, which encloses the Helmholtz resonators in a form-fitting manner and thereby leaves open their openings.
- the sound-directed surface of this molding is covered with a porous layer consisting of a bonded non-woven fabric or an open-cell foam.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an airborne sound absorbing component of the type mentioned, which has an improved sound absorption capacity over a wide frequency range.
- the airborne sound absorbing component comprises a resonance absorber which has a multiplicity of hollow chambers of different sizes and spaced apart from each other.
- the hollow chambers each comprise a wall section facing the sound incidence, which is hermetically sealed and capable of oscillating.
- a porous, sound-absorbing layer of air-permeable material is present, which also faces the sound incidence.
- the resonance absorber is provided with at least one spacer, such that at least the greater number of facing the sound incidence Wall sections of the hollow chambers has no contact with the porous layer and is independent of this oscillatory.
- the component according to the invention is distinguished by an improved degree of sound absorption, the sound absorption level being higher overall than in a conventional resonance absorber over a wide frequency range, in particular in the medium-frequency and high-frequency range from about 400 to about 10,000 Hz.
- the component according to the invention thus has an improved broadband sound absorption capacity.
- the component of the invention requires little more space, which is in view of the limited space in motor vehicles, especially in the engine compartment, an advantage. It is advantageous in this context, in particular, that the sound absorptive spaces between the hollow chambers at the sound-facing side of the resonance absorber are also utilized by the sound-absorbing layer upstream of the resonance absorber.
- the spacer or spacers are formed integrally with the resonance absorber.
- the spacers may also be advantageous to manufacture them separately and finally to connect to the resonance absorber and / or the porous, sound-absorbing layer, for example, to bond, to weld or, with appropriate design of the compound, to lock .
- Another advantageous embodiment of the component according to the invention is that the spacers form different distance dimensions relative to a common, located on an outer side of the resonance absorber reference level.
- the porous layer has portions which are spaced differently far from a common, located on an outer side of the resonance absorber reference level. It is thus possible to adapt the course or the distance of the porous layer not only with respect to the topography of the hollow chambers, but also with respect to the contour of an adjacent aggregate, in particular the contour of an internal combustion engine or another sound source.
- the porous, sound-absorbing layer of the component according to the invention can be formed in particular from a nonwoven layer and / or an open-cell foam layer.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the component is characterized in that the porous layer is coated on the outside with a microperforated metal foil, in particular a microperforated aluminum foil.
- a microperforated metal foil in particular a microperforated aluminum foil.
- the component according to the invention may optionally be given sufficient heat resistance.
- this embodiment also makes it possible, if appropriate, to use the component according to the invention as an airborne sound-absorbing heat shield.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the component according to the invention consists in this context, in that the porous layer is formed from a plurality of layers of an aluminum knitted fabric pressed together to form a mat.
- the mat Compared to a simple microperforated aluminum foil, the mat has a more favorable sound absorption capacity, while still having a high reflectivity to thermal radiation.
- the porous layer is hydrophobic and / or oleophobic.
- the porous layer and the resonance absorber may preferably be made of plastic of the same class of material.
- the porous layer is detachably connected to the resonance absorber, so that a sorted separation of optionally different types of plastics is possible in a simple manner.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a second embodiment
- 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a third embodiment
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a fourth embodiment, ⁇
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged, detailed representation of the detail X in Fig. 4;
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a component according to the invention in a sixth embodiment.
- a first embodiment of an airborne sound absorbing component according to the invention is shown.
- the component is formed from a resonance absorber 1, which has a plurality of different sized, mutually spaced hollow chambers 2.
- the resonance absorber 1 is here a plastic blow molding, which can be produced by extrusion blow molding.
- the blow molding is made of an extruded plastic tube section having different thickness output wall thicknesses.
- the starting material may be, for example, polypropylene, in particular fiber-reinforced polypropylene.
- the finished resonance absorber 1 comprises a structural part 3 and a bottom or support part 4 integrally connected thereto, wherein the hollow chambers 2 are formed in the structural part 3.
- the structural part 3 is made of the material portion of the extruded plastic tube shaped, which has a smaller wall thickness than the material portion from which the support member 4 is formed.
- the hollow chambers 2 are box-shaped or cup-shaped and belong to a common airspace enclosed between the structural part 3 and the base or support part 4.
- the hollow chambers 2 are open on one side, wherein their sound incidence facing vibratory wall sections 5 are closed airtight.
- the hollow chambers 2 have both different heights and different sized base areas. Between the chamber walls of the structural part 3 and the support part 4, welds 6 are formed which are punctiform or extend in a line-shaped manner. In particular, here hollow chambers 2 are provided, the chamber walls are welded at substantially the same height extent partially to the support member 4 and are partially directed freely alsaria on the support member 4, while leaving an air gap 7 between an end face of the chamber wall and the support member. 4
- the airborne sound absorbing component further comprises a porous, sound-absorbing layer 8 of air-permeable material, which faces the sound incidence.
- the porous layer 8 extends at a distance from the wall sections 5 of the hollow chambers 2, leaving an air-filled free space 9.
- the resonance absorber 1 with several spacers 10 provided.
- the spacers 10 are disposed between the hollow chambers 2 and spaced therefrom. They are so dimensioned and arranged that at least the larger number of wall sections 5 of the hollow chambers 2 has no contact with the porous layer 8 and remains independent of this oscillatory.
- the material of the layer 8 may be, in particular, a nonwoven material and / or an open-pored foam film.
- the material is preferably hydrophobic and / or oleophobic equipped.
- the porous layer 8 has a thickness of less than 2 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the layer 8 is in the range of 50 microns and 1 mm.
- the porous layer 8 is connected at its edge to the resonance absorber 1, so that an air space 11 is defined between the structural part 3 and the layer 8.
- the height of the air space 11 or the distance a between the resonance absorber 1 and the porous layer 8 is in the range of 0 to 40 mm. In the area above the wall sections 5 of the hollow chambers 2, the distance a can sometimes only be in the range of 3 to 5 mm.
- the compound of the porous layer 8 with the resonance absorber 1 can be realized by spot or circumferential welding or bonding.
- the intermediate spaces 11 'between the hollow chambers 2 are used in particular for sound absorption.
- the spacers 10 are formed integrally with the structural part of the resonance absorber 1. Like the cavities 2 serving as resonators, they are formed forms. However, they are not box- or cup-shaped, but essentially funnel-shaped and / or trough-shaped, wherein they have a substantially V-shaped cross-section. Corresponding to the different heights of the hollow chambers 2, the spacers 10 form different distance dimensions relative to a common reference level situated on the outside or inside of the resonance absorber 1.
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment, which differs from the previous essentially by the configuration of the spacers.
- the spacers 10 'shown here are not formed by blow molding. Rather, they are manufactured separately, for example as injection molded parts, and at selected locations spaced apart from the hollow chambers 2 of the structural part 3 with the resonance absorber 1 welded or glued. Alternatively, the spacers 10 'can also be molded directly onto the structural part 3 of the resonance absorber 1.
- the resonance absorber 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably a blow molded part. However, it is also possible in principle to produce such a resonance absorber as a plastic injection-molded part.
- Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of an airborne sound absorbing component according to the invention.
- the resonance absorber 1 ' is in turn formed from a carrier part 4' and a plurality of box-shaped or cup-shaped hollow chambers 2 comprising structural part 3 '.
- the structural part 3 'and the carrier part 4' here are separately manufactured parts, wherein the structural part 3 'consists of a closed-end formed by deep drawing.
- cellular foam sheet for example, polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the hollow chambers 2 are formed in such a way that their chamber walls at substantially the same height extension partially with the support part 4 'are welded and partially free Jerusalemrag on the support member 4' are directed, so that between an end face of the chamber wall and the support member 4 ', an air gap 7 is present and the hollow chambers 2 thus part of a common, between the structural part 3' and the support member 4 'enclosed air space.
- the hollow chambers 2 are covered with a porous layer 8 of air-permeable material, which is releasably connected to the resonance absorber 1 'at its edge.
- the connection is realized by U-shaped metal clips and / or push-on rails, wherein these clip-like connecting elements 12 and the edge region of the resonance absorber 1 'and the porous layer 8 have mutually aligned bores for passing fastening screws or the like.
- the resonance absorber 1 ' is provided with a plurality of spacers 10', which are arranged between hollow chambers 2 and spaced therefrom.
- the spacers 10 ' are plastic injection-molded parts which are glued or welded to the structural part 3' of the resonance absorber 1 '. They have a foot portion 13 supported on the structural part and a rod-shaped or bar-shaped portion 14 integrally connected thereto.
- the rod or web-shaped sections 14 are dimensioned so that the porous layer 8 does not respond to the sound incidence facing wall sections 5 'of the hollow chambers 2 are. It is thus ensured that the wall sections 5 'are not loaded by the porous layer 8 and thus are able to oscillate independently of this.
- the spacers 10 '', 10 ''' can be positively connected or latched to the carrier part 4' of the resonance absorber 1 ''.
- the spacers 10 '', 10 ''' are plastic injection molded parts. They each have a spigot 15, which is shown enlarged in Fig. 5.
- the insertion end 15 is slotted in the longitudinal direction and can be latched in an opening 16 formed in the carrier part 4 '.
- the opening 16 is associated with an aligned breakthrough 17 in the structural part 3 ''.
- the inner diameter of both apertures 16, 17 are substantially equal.
- the insertion end 15 has two elastically compressible legs 18, 19, at the ends of which outwardly projecting latching projections 20, 21 are formed.
- the latching projections 20, 21 are beveled or rounded in the insertion direction, so that they and thus the elastic legs 18, 19 merged upon insertion into the openings 17, 16 and return to their original position at the exit from the opening 16.
- the inner diameter of the opening 16 is slightly smaller than the largest outer diameter formed by the latching projections 20, 21.
- the length of the insertion end 15 is limited by a stop 22.
- the distance between the flange-like stopper 22 and the latching projections 20, 21 is slightly smaller than the wall thickness composed at this point of support part 4 'and structural part 3''. Since the structural part 3 '' in this embodiment, however, is formed from an elastically compressible foam film, the insertion end 15 can be easily and play-free in the opening 16 of the support member 4 'is latched with slight compression of the closed-cell foam film.
- the structural part 3 "of the resonance absorber 1" according to FIG. 4 has a multiplicity of cup-shaped hollow chambers 2, which are of different sizes and in particular have different heights.
- the spacers 10 '' and 10 '' ' here comprise two groups of spacers. On the first group of spacers 10 ", the porous layer 8 is supported in such a manner that the wall sections 5" of the hollow chambers 2 facing the sound incidence have no contact with the porous layer 8 and are capable of oscillating independently of it.
- the spacers 10 '' of this group preferably each have a diameter-enlarged head 23, which serves the layer 8 as Abstützflache.
- the second group of spacers 10 ''' reduce the distance between the porous layer 8 and the base plane 24 of the structural part 3''between two points 25 and 26, where this distance is greater.
- the spacers 10 '''of this group in comparison to the spacers 10''of the first group, larger, disk-shaped heads 27, on the underside of the top of the porous layer 8 is applied.
- the porous layer 8 in each case has an opening 28, through which the rod-shaped, the insertion end 15 supporting portion 14 '''of the spacer 10''' is passed.
- the disc-shaped head 27 has a substantially larger diameter than its associated opening 28 in the porous layer 8. While the spacers 10 '' of the first group are loaded under pressure, the spacers 10 '''of the second group undergoes a certain tensile load.
- the course or the contour of the porous layer 8 can be relatively exactly the envelope or contour of the structural part 3' 'while maintaining air spaces 9 above the sound incidence facing vibratable wall sections 5' ' Adjust hollow chambers 2. This can be particularly advantageous for non-contact adaptation of the component according to the invention with respect to units arranged above it, for example an oil sump or a cylinder head.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show two exemplary embodiments in which a resonance absorber 1 '"has a larger area 30 in which no hollow chambers 2 are formed.
- the waiver of the formation of hollow chambers may be due to the available space at the installation. For example, a transmission, an oil pan or other aggregate take the space required for the formation of hollow chambers 2. In such cases, however, it may still be possible in the area not occupied by hollow chambers
- the air which is enclosed between the sound-facing outside of the resonance absorber i '''and the porous layer 8, acts at least partially like a spring of a spring-mass system, wherein the existing in the pores of the layer 8 air and / or the oscillatory, porous layer 8 itself forms the mass of the system.
- At least one spacer 10 ''' is provided, with which the porous layer 8 in the larger region 30 not occupied by hollow chambers 2 is close to the base plane 24 or bottom of the structural part 3''' of the resonance absorber i 1 •> is used.
- the porous layer 8 in the larger area, not occupied by hollow chambers 2, of the resonance absorber 1 ''' is lowered down to its upper side.
- the layer 8 and the resonance absorber l ' 7 ' can be glued together in this area, welded or connected by fastening means (not shown) such as rivets, locking elements or the like.
- the above-described airborne sound absorbing components can be used in motor vehicles in particular as engine compartment capsule part and / or as underbody paneling and be prepared accordingly.
- the porous, air-permeable layer 8 may be outside or partially over the entire surface with a microperforated, heat-shielding aluminum foil (not shown) laminated or covered without adhesive.
- the layer 8 may also consist of several to a microporous mat compressed layers of an aluminum knitted fabric, which also acts heat-shielding.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL04790706T PL1697923T3 (pl) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-10-21 | Element konstrukcyjny pochłaniający dźwięk powietrzny |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20320100U DE20320100U1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Luftschallabsorbierendes Bauteil |
PCT/EP2004/011899 WO2005066932A1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-10-21 | Luftschallabsorbierendes bauteil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1697923A1 true EP1697923A1 (de) | 2006-09-06 |
EP1697923B1 EP1697923B1 (de) | 2007-12-12 |
Family
ID=34585333
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04790706A Not-in-force EP1697923B1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-10-21 | Luftschallabsorbierendes bauteil |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060169531A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1697923B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007515340A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1820304A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE381087T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0406616A (de) |
DE (2) | DE20320100U1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2297503T3 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA05011254A (de) |
PL (1) | PL1697923T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1697923E (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005066932A1 (de) |
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DE20319319U1 (de) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-04-28 | Carcoustics Tech Center Gmbh | Schallabsorbierendes Hitzeschild |
JP2007177753A (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の遮音構造 |
AU2006338524B2 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2011-10-13 | Masao Suzuki | Sound insulating device |
JP2008058712A (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-13 | Inoac Corp | 吸音材 |
DE102007044494B4 (de) * | 2007-09-18 | 2012-10-25 | Ab Skf | Vorrichtung umfassend ein Funktionselement einer Brennkraftmaschine und einen Träger |
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JP5459835B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-08 | 2014-04-02 | ニチアス株式会社 | 自動車用防音カバー |
US8015848B2 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2011-09-13 | Electrolux Home Products, Inc. | Acoustic panel |
US9607600B2 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2017-03-28 | Sonobex Limited | Attenuators, arrangements of attenuators, acoustic barriers and methods for constructing acoustic barriers |
GB0901982D0 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2009-03-11 | Univ Loughborough | Attenuators, arrangements of attenuators, acoustic barriers and methods for constructing acoustic barriers |
DE102009007891A1 (de) * | 2009-02-07 | 2010-08-12 | Willsingh Wilson | Resonanz-Schallabsorber in mehrschichtiger Ausführung |
JP5856959B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2016-02-10 | シロー インダストリーズ インコーポレイテッド | 保持特徴部を有する多層アセンブリ |
JP5611681B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-21 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 吸音構造体 |
IT1403738B1 (it) * | 2011-02-07 | 2013-10-31 | Urbantech S R L | Assorbitore acustico ad elevate prestazioni per rendere fonoassorbenti barriere antirumore costituite da un materiale prettamente fonoisolante. |
US8474574B1 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2013-07-02 | Inoac Corporation | Sound absorbing structure |
JP5918662B2 (ja) | 2012-09-04 | 2016-05-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 多孔吸音構造 |
JP6041617B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-22 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 吸音構造体 |
KR101426231B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-08-05 | 한화첨단소재 주식회사 | 블로어 성형 공법을 이용한 차량용 언더커버 |
CN104700827B (zh) * | 2013-12-06 | 2018-05-22 | 香港大学深圳研究院 | 宽频穿孔板吸声结构 |
CN104442614B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-04-12 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 抑制板件辐射噪声的装置、板件及车辆 |
AT516861B1 (de) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-06-15 | Getzner Textil Ag | Absorbervorrichtung |
US9630576B1 (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-04-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Panel assembly with noise attenuation system having a geometric pattern for air gap acoustic impedance |
KR101887740B1 (ko) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-08-10 | 홍익대학교 산학협력단 | 공간 스케일링을 이용한 소리 차단 방법 및 장치 |
FR3052396B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-10 | 2018-07-13 | Cera Aps | Dispositif de collecte et de separation de l’eau et de l’air de ventilation d’un habitacle de vehicule automobile |
US10783869B2 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-09-22 | Honeywell International Inc. | Cell structure for use in an acoustic panel, and methods of producing the same |
US11568848B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2023-01-31 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Airborne acoustic absorber |
IT201800006329A1 (it) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-14 | Tavolo con prorpietà fonoassorbenti | |
JP7132039B2 (ja) | 2018-08-30 | 2022-09-06 | 株式会社マーレ フィルターシステムズ | 内燃機関のシリンダヘッド用ヘッドカバー |
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-
2003
- 2003-12-23 DE DE20320100U patent/DE20320100U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-10-21 BR BR0406616-2A patent/BRPI0406616A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-21 EP EP04790706A patent/EP1697923B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-21 ES ES04790706T patent/ES2297503T3/es active Active
- 2004-10-21 WO PCT/EP2004/011899 patent/WO2005066932A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-21 AT AT04790706T patent/ATE381087T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-21 DE DE502004005732T patent/DE502004005732D1/de active Active
- 2004-10-21 JP JP2006545933A patent/JP2007515340A/ja active Pending
- 2004-10-21 CN CNA2004800011265A patent/CN1820304A/zh active Pending
- 2004-10-21 PT PT04790706T patent/PT1697923E/pt unknown
- 2004-10-21 US US10/540,080 patent/US20060169531A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-21 MX MXPA05011254A patent/MXPA05011254A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-21 PL PL04790706T patent/PL1697923T3/pl unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005066932A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA05011254A (es) | 2005-12-14 |
WO2005066932A1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
JP2007515340A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
DE20320100U1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
PT1697923E (pt) | 2008-02-25 |
BRPI0406616A (pt) | 2005-12-06 |
EP1697923B1 (de) | 2007-12-12 |
US20060169531A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
ES2297503T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
DE502004005732D1 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
CN1820304A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
PL1697923T3 (pl) | 2008-05-30 |
ATE381087T1 (de) | 2007-12-15 |
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