EP1678333B1 - Tapping tube - Google Patents
Tapping tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1678333B1 EP1678333B1 EP05730742A EP05730742A EP1678333B1 EP 1678333 B1 EP1678333 B1 EP 1678333B1 EP 05730742 A EP05730742 A EP 05730742A EP 05730742 A EP05730742 A EP 05730742A EP 1678333 B1 EP1678333 B1 EP 1678333B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tapping
- tapping pipe
- outlet end
- max
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/21—Arrangements of devices for discharging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
- F27D3/1518—Tapholes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel.
- a metallurgical melting vessel is understood to mean an aggregate in which a metallurgical melt is produced, treated and / or transported, for example a converter or an electric arc furnace.
- a molten metal in the melting vessel is passed along the tapping tube in a downstream unit.
- the steel is fed from the converter via a ladle to a downstream continuous casting plant.
- the molten metal should be transported as possible without contamination. For example, contact with the ambient atmosphere (oxygen, nitrogen) should be avoided, as should slagging.
- a converter tap which - composed of several refractory blocks or slices - in the axial direction.
- the inlet-side block should have a funnel-shaped passage and at the outlet end, the passage of the tapping pipe should have the smallest diameter.
- Tapping tubes of this type have been on the market for 20 years and have proven themselves.
- tapping pipes whose geometry at the outlet end of the specifications of DE 42 08 520 C2 equivalent.
- the calculation of the outlet cross-section is based on a flow profile of the corresponding melt, namely assuming an average value for the height of the melt above the tapping tube.
- the height of the molten metal (bath height) during tapping is often almost constant, because the converter is tilted (fed) with increasing tapping time.
- the bath height inevitably decreases.
- this increases the danger that slag will be conducted with the molten metal into the tapping pipe and through it. It can also lead to the formation of turbulence and the formation of a negative pressure in the tapping pipe. At the same time, this increases the risk of reoxidation and nitridation.
- the invention has for its object to optimize a tap tube of the type mentioned in that it ensures the desired ("steady") mass flow during the entire tapping time and slag is prevented from being carried.
- “Steady” means that the mass flow in the tapping pipe of the tapping pipe does not tear off until the end of the tapping time. Likewise, the intake of oxygen or nitrogen should be avoided as far as possible.
- the design of the tapping pipe should be such that, regardless of its wear (within technically acceptable limits), a largely uniform mass flow can be transported along the tapping pipe.
- a decisive aspect for the flow rate and the resulting flow profile is the respective bath height (height of the melt above the outlet end of the tapping tube).
- the required radius of a circular cross-section of the tapping pipe passage is plotted against distance from the outlet end, where "0" defines the outlet end of the tapping pipe, 1.35 meters is the total length of the (new) tapping pipe and maximum bath height of 2.70 meters is assumed (calculated from the end of the expiry).
- the effective maximum height of the molten bath above the tapping inlet is therefore: 1.35 meters.
- the remaining curves show the theoretically minimum radius of the tapping channel at different distances from the outlet end for different bath heights, assuming the same cross section (radius 65 mm) at the outlet end.
- a radius of 80 millimeters is sufficient for the cross section of the passage channel to completely fill a circular cross section of the tapping pipe at the outlet end with a radius of 65 mm with the melt jet.
- the same cross section of the tap tube results at the outlet end for the necessary radius of the cross section of the passage channel in the inlet region of the tapping pipe a value of about 110mm.
- the invention leads to completely different geometries of the passage channel of a tapping tube.
- Fig. 2 shows as a curve (1) again at a bath height of 1600 mm and a radius of the outlet cross section of 65 mm required profile of the outlet channel in longitudinal section (theoretically at least necessary radius).
- Curve (2) shows the flow conditions in a tapping tube according to the prior art (radius of the inlet cross section: 80 mm).
- the avoidance of turbulence and maintenance of a compact jet in the tapping channel solves the invention by such a design of the tapping channel that during the tapping time, so even at low bath heights (effective height of the bath level above the inlet end of the tapping tube: ⁇ 20% of the maximum height) , the entire tapping channel is completely filled with melt.
- the invention in its most general embodiment comprises the use of a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel according to claim 1.
- h 1 should be less than or equal to 0.2 times the maximum height (h max ) of a melt in the melting vessel in the axial extension of the tapping pipe.
- the variable factor (h 1 / h max ) takes into account the different flow behavior, especially at low bath height.
- the factor " ⁇ 0.2" indicates that a condition is detected in which the effective height of the melt level above the inlet end of the tapping tube is at least 80% less than the effective height of the melt level at the maximum bath height.
- h k represents the existing length of the tapping pipe between the inlet end and the outlet end. While the outlet end of the tapping pipe is necessarily its lower free end and remains unchanged over time, the position of the inlet end changes with the duration of use of the tapping pipe. This is due to wear of the refractory material at the inlet end. By definition, the inlet end corresponds to the level of the adjacent refractory material of a refractory lining of the metallurgical melting vessel. As the erosion increases, the length of the tapping tube shortens accordingly.
- the diameter "d" at the outlet end was set at 0.13 meters to ensure a desired flow rate "X".
- the factor (h 1 / h max ) is assumed to be> 0.05 (h max is the maximum height of the melt in the melting vessel above the inlet region of the tapping tube in the axial extension of the tapping tube). According to another embodiment, the value is between> 0.1 and / or ⁇ 0.2.
- the dimensioning of the tapping pipe in the inlet part is particularly important.
- the conditions at low effective heights of the bath level are decisive.
- the cross-sectional geometry at the outlet end is mainly determined by the setpoint of the flow rate (mass flow at maximum bath height).
- the cross-sectional calculation for the passageway refers to values "y"> 50% of the total length of the tapping tube. According to another embodiment, these values are increased to ranges> 70%. This means that substantially the inlet-side half or the inlet-side third of the total length of the tube should be designed specifically for the specific invention.
- this section can be formed continuously conically tapered; but the necessary taper in the direction of the outlet end can also be done stepwise if necessary.
- FIGS. 3-5 also show technically adapted step-shaped wall profiles with which the desired effects can likewise be realized and which are technically easier to produce.
- the lower outlet side half of the tapping tube, the taper of the follow (upper) inlet-side part but it is also possible to form this part with less conicity (slope), up to a cylindrical shape of the passage channel. This is especially true for the last 10 to 20% of the length of the tapping tube on the outlet side.
- the slope S in this case describes the change of the radius r (y) of a circular cross-section of the tapping channel as a function of the distance y from the outlet end of the tapping.
- the value may be >> 0.25, for example 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70 or 100. If the course of the wall of the tapping channel is completely or partially step-shaped or existing accordingly Production plants approximated so "slope" means the slope of the straight in the longitudinal section between the edges successive stages connectable straight line.
- the dimensioning according to the invention of a tapping pipe also takes into account the change in length of the tapping pipe depending on the state of wear of the adjacent lining in that the respective values for the, A, bstichlength and height of the overlying melt are included in the calculation.
- the inventive design of the tapping tube makes it possible to operate the tapping even at low bath heights with reduced turbulence and continuous melt flow and thus significantly reduce the entrainment of slag.
- by reducing the temperature losses and the reduced wear further economic benefits such as energy savings and extended life of tapping.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Abstichrohr für ein metallurgisches Schmelzgefäß. Unter einem metallurgischen Schmelzgefäß wird ein Aggregat verstanden, in dem eine metallurgische Schmelze hergestellt, behandelt und/oder transportiert wird, beispielsweise ein Konverter oder ein Lichtbogenofen.The invention relates to a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel. A metallurgical melting vessel is understood to mean an aggregate in which a metallurgical melt is produced, treated and / or transported, for example a converter or an electric arc furnace.
Dabei wird eine im Schmelzgefäß befindliche Metallschmelze entlang des Abstichrohres in ein nachgeschaltetes Aggregat geleitet. Beispielsweise wird der Stahl aus dem Konverter über eine Pfanne einer nachgeschalteten Stranggussanlage zugeführt.In this case, a molten metal in the melting vessel is passed along the tapping tube in a downstream unit. For example, the steel is fed from the converter via a ladle to a downstream continuous casting plant.
Die Metallschmelze soll möglichst ohne Verunreinigungen transportiert werden. Beispielsweise soll ein Kontakt mit der Umgebungsatmosphäre (Sauerstoff, Stickstoff) ebenso vermieden werden wie ein Mitführen von Schlacke.The molten metal should be transported as possible without contamination. For example, contact with the ambient atmosphere (oxygen, nitrogen) should be avoided, as should slagging.
Aus der
Ebenfalls bewährt haben sich Abstichrohre, deren Geometrie am auslaufseitigen Ende den Vorgaben der
Bei einem Konverter-Abstichrohr ist die Höhe der Metallschmelze (Badhöhe) während des Abstichs häufig nahezu konstant, weil der Konverter mit zunehmender Abstichzeit gekippt (nachgeführt) wird. Insbesondere zum Ende eines Abstichs verringert sich jedoch die Badhöhe zwangsläufig. Damit erhöht sich gleichzeitig die Gefahr, dass Schlacke mit der Metallschmelze in das Abstichrohr und durch dieses hindurch geführt wird. Ferner kann es zur Bildung von Turbulenzen und zur Ausbildung eines Unterdrucks im Abstichrohr kommen. Gleichzeitig erhöht sich dadurch die Gefahr einer Reoxidation und Aufstickung.In the case of a converter tapping tube, the height of the molten metal (bath height) during tapping is often almost constant, because the converter is tilted (fed) with increasing tapping time. However, especially at the end of a tap, the bath height inevitably decreases. At the same time, this increases the danger that slag will be conducted with the molten metal into the tapping pipe and through it. It can also lead to the formation of turbulence and the formation of a negative pressure in the tapping pipe. At the same time, this increases the risk of reoxidation and nitridation.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Abstichrohr der genannten Art dahingehend zu optimieren, dass es während der gesamten Abstichzeit den gewünschten ("stetigen") Massedurchfluss sicherstellt und ein Mitführen von Schlacke verhindert wird. "Stetig" heißt, dass der Massestrom im Abstichkanal des Abstichrohrs möglichst bis zum Ende der Abstichzeit nicht abreißt. Ebenso ist die Aufnahme von Sauerstoff oder Stickstoff soweit wie möglich zu vermeiden. Schließlich soll die Auslegung des Abstichrohrs so erfolgen, dass unabhängig von dessen Verschleiß (innerhalb technisch akzeptierbarer Grenzen) ein weitestgehend gleichmäßiger Massenstrom entlang des Abstichrohrs transportiert werden kann.The invention has for its object to optimize a tap tube of the type mentioned in that it ensures the desired ("steady") mass flow during the entire tapping time and slag is prevented from being carried. "Steady" means that the mass flow in the tapping pipe of the tapping pipe does not tear off until the end of the tapping time. Likewise, the intake of oxygen or nitrogen should be avoided as far as possible. Finally, the design of the tapping pipe should be such that, regardless of its wear (within technically acceptable limits), a largely uniform mass flow can be transported along the tapping pipe.
Gemäß
mit
- A(x) = erforderlicher Strömungsquerschnitt im Abstand x vom Badspiegel
- m = Massenstrom der Schmelze
- g = Erdbeschleunigung = 9,81 m/s2
- x = gewählter Abstand vom Badspiegel
- ρ = Dichte der Schmelze
With
- A (x) = required flow cross-section at a distance x from the bath level
- m = mass flow of the melt
- g = gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m / s 2
- x = selected distance from the bathroom mirror
- ρ = density of the melt
Dabei wird nur die durch die Beschleunigung des Schmelzenstrahls verursachte Querschnittsänderung in Abhängigkeit der Fallhöhe berücksichtigt. Zur Bewahrung der Übersichtlichkeit und Verständlichkeit der Berechnungen werden sowohl hier als auch bei den weiteren in dieser Beschreibung angeführten Berechnungen Einflüsse wie Viskosität der Schmelze oder die Wandreibung vernachlässigt beziehungsweise außer Acht gelassen.Only the change in cross section caused by the acceleration of the melt jet is taken into account as a function of the drop height. In order to preserve the clarity and comprehensibility of the calculations, influences such as melt viscosity or wall friction are neglected or disregarded both here and in the other calculations mentioned in this description.
Für eine spezifische Schmelze lässt sich damit der erforderliche Durchmesser des Durchflusskanals am Auslaufende bei senkrechter Lage des Durchflusskanals, einer vorgegebenen Durchflussmenge und vorgegebenem Abstand zwischen Badspiegel und Auslaufende exakt bestimmen. Dies soll an einem Beispiel verdeutlicht werden:
- m = 700 kg/s
- x = 2,7 m
- ρ = 7.200 kg/m3 (für Stahl)
- m = 700 kg / s
- x = 2.7 m
- ρ = 7,200 kg / m 3 (for steel)
Aus A = d2 . n / 4 errechnet sich für einen Abstich mit Kreisquerschnitt am Auslauf der Austrittsdurchmesser zu
Bei vorgegebenem Durchmesser des Abstichkanals am Auslaufende ist aber ein entscheidender Gesichtspunkt für die Durchflussmenge und das sich ergebende Strömungsprofil die jeweilige Badhöhe (Höhe der Schmelze über dem Auslaufende des Abstichrohrs). In FIG. 1 ist beispielsweise für verschiedene Badhöhen der erforderliche Radius eines kreisförmigen Querschnitts des Durchlasskanals des Abstichrohrs in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand vom Auslaufende aufgetragen, wobei "0" das Auslaufende des Abstichrohrs definiert, 1,35 Meter die Gesamtlänge des (neuen) Abstichrohrs ist und eine maximale Badhöhe von 2,70 Metern angenommen wird (gerechnet vom Auslaufende). Die effektive maximale Höhe des Schmelzbades über dem Absticheinlauf beträgt demnach: 1,35 Meter. Unter Zugrundelegung einer vorgegebenen Durchflussmenge zeigt die dargestellte Kurve für die maximale Badhöhe (=2700 mm) den theoretisch mindestens notwendigen Radius des Abstichkanals (Durchlasskanal im Abstichrohr) in verschiedenen Entfernungen vom Auslaufende beginnend bei einem Radius = 65 mm am Auslaufende. Die übrigen Kurven zeigen den theoretisch mindestens notwendigen Radius des Abstichkanals in verschiedenen Entfernungen vom Auslaufende für unterschiedliche Badhöhen unter der Annahme des gleichen Querschnitts (Radius 65 mm) am Auslaufende.For a given diameter of the tapping channel at the outlet end, however, a decisive aspect for the flow rate and the resulting flow profile is the respective bath height (height of the melt above the outlet end of the tapping tube). In FIG. For example, for various bath heights, the required radius of a circular cross-section of the tapping pipe passage is plotted against distance from the outlet end, where "0" defines the outlet end of the tapping pipe, 1.35 meters is the total length of the (new) tapping pipe and maximum bath height of 2.70 meters is assumed (calculated from the end of the expiry). The effective maximum height of the molten bath above the tapping inlet is therefore: 1.35 meters. Based on a given flow rate, the illustrated curve for the maximum bath height (= 2700 mm) shows the theoretically minimum required radius of the tapping channel (passage in the tapping pipe) at various distances from the outlet end starting at a radius = 65 mm at the outlet end. The remaining curves show the theoretically minimum radius of the tapping channel at different distances from the outlet end for different bath heights, assuming the same cross section (radius 65 mm) at the outlet end.
Man erkennt, dass bei einer Badhöhe zwischen 2.700mm und 2.400mm im Einlaufbereich des Abstichrohrs ein Radius von 80 Millimetern für den Querschnitt des Durchlasskanals ausreichend ist, um einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt des Abstichrohres am Auslaufende mit einem Radius von 65mm vollständig mit dem Schmelzenstrahl auszufüllen.It can be seen that at a bath height of between 2,700 mm and 2,400 mm in the inlet region of the tapping pipe, a radius of 80 millimeters is sufficient for the cross section of the passage channel to completely fill a circular cross section of the tapping pipe at the outlet end with a radius of 65 mm with the melt jet.
Sinkt der Badspiegel jedoch weiter, beispielsweise auf eine ebenfalls dargestellte minimale Badhöhe von 1.600 Millimetern (effektive Höhe des Schmelzbades über dem Absticheinlauf jetzt: 250 mm), so ergibt sich bei gleichem Querschnitt des Abstichrohres am Auslaufende für den notwendigen Radius des Querschnitts des Durchlasskanals im Einlaufbereich des Abstichrohrs ein Wert von ca. 110mm.However, if the bath level continues to drop, for example to a minimum bath height of 1,600 millimeters (effective height of the molten bath above the tap inlet now: 250 mm), the same cross section of the tap tube results at the outlet end for the necessary radius of the cross section of the passage channel in the inlet region of the tapping pipe a value of about 110mm.
In der
Aus der
Die Erfindung führt demgegenüber zu völlig anderen Geometrien des Durchlasskanals eines Abstichrohrs.In contrast, the invention leads to completely different geometries of the passage channel of a tapping tube.
Durch Berücksichtigung geringer Badhöhen (effektive Höhe der Metallschmelze über dem Einlaufbereich des Abstichrohrs: ≤20% des Maximalwertes) wird der erforderliche Querschnitt am Einlaufende größer und weicht deutlich von dem Querschnitt ab, der sich gemäß
Fig. 2 zeigt als Kurve (1) nochmals das bei einer Badhöhe von 1600 mm und einem Radius des Auslaufquerschnitts von 65 mm erforderliche Profil des Auslaufkanals im Längsschnitt (theoretisch mindestens notwendiger Radius). Kurve (2) zeigt die Strömungsverhältnisse bei einem Abstichrohr gemäß Stand der Technik (Radius des Einlaufquerschnitts: 80 mm). Durch den im Vergleich zum erfindungsgemäß erforderlichen Einlaufquerschnitt (Radius = 110 mm) zu geringen Einlaufquerschnitt kommt es beim Stand der Technik zu einer starken Einengung des Strahls im Abstichrohr. Bei freier Ausbildung des Strahls entspricht dies am Auslaufende nur noch einem Radius der Querschnittsfläche von 50 mm. Im Bereich unterhalb des Einlaufquerschnitts kann daher nicht mehr der gesamte Querschnitt des Abstichkanals gefüllt und für das Auslaufen der Schmelze genutzt werden. Die Folge sind die bereits erwähnten erhöhten Turbulenzen und Unterdrücke im Abstichrohr mit der Gefahr, dass auf der Schmelze schwimmende Schlacke mitgerissen wird. Gleichzeitig führen die entlang des Rohrweges entstehenden Turbulenzen zu einer (weiteren) Reduzierung der Durchflussmenge und damit wird die Abstichzeit länger als nötig. Daraus folgt eine Reduzierung der Temperatur der Metallschmelze. Dies macht es notwendig, die Schmelze in den nachfolgenden Behandlungsstufen wieder auf das gewünschte Temperaturniveau zu erwärmen, wodurch zusätzliche Energiekosten entstehen.Fig. 2 shows as a curve (1) again at a bath height of 1600 mm and a radius of the outlet cross section of 65 mm required profile of the outlet channel in longitudinal section (theoretically at least necessary radius). Curve (2) shows the flow conditions in a tapping tube according to the prior art (radius of the inlet cross section: 80 mm). By compared to the invention required inlet cross-section (Radius = 110 mm) too small inlet cross-section occurs in the prior art to a strong narrowing of the beam in the tapping tube. With free formation of the beam, this corresponds at the outlet end only a radius of the cross-sectional area of 50 mm. In the area below the inlet cross-section, therefore, it is no longer possible to fill the entire cross section of the tapping channel and to use it for the outflow of the melt. The result is the already mentioned increased turbulence and negative pressure in the tapping tube with the risk that entrained on the melt slag is entrained. At the same time, the turbulences created along the pipe path lead to a (further) reduction of the flow rate and thus the tapping time becomes longer than necessary. This results in a reduction in the temperature of the molten metal. This makes it necessary to heat the melt in the subsequent treatment stages back to the desired temperature level, resulting in additional energy costs.
Die Vermeidung der Turbulenzen und Aufrechterhaltung eines kompakten Strahls im Abstichkanal löst die Erfindung durch eine solche Gestaltung des Abstichkanals, dass während der gesamten Abstichzeit, also auch bei geringen Badhöhen (effektive Höhe des Badspiegels über dem Einlaufende des Abstichrohrs: ≤20 % der maximalen Höhe), der gesamte Abstichkanal vollständig mit Schmelze gefüllt ist.The avoidance of turbulence and maintenance of a compact jet in the tapping channel solves the invention by such a design of the tapping channel that during the tapping time, so even at low bath heights (effective height of the bath level above the inlet end of the tapping tube: ≤20% of the maximum height) , the entire tapping channel is completely filled with melt.
Die Erfindung umfasst in ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform die Verwendung eines Abstichrohrs für ein metallurgisches Schmelzgefäß gemäß Anspruch 1.The invention in its most general embodiment comprises the use of a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel according to
"h1" soll kleiner oder gleich dem 0,2-fachen der maximalen Höhe (hmax) einer Schmelze im Schmelzgefäß in axialer Verlängerung des Abstichrohres sein. Der variable Faktor (h1 / hmax) berücksichtigt das unterschiedliche Strömungsverhalten insbesondere bei geringer Badhöhe. Aus dem Faktor "≤0,2" ergibt sich, dass dabei ein Zustand erfasst wird, bei dem die effektive Höhe des Schmelzenspiegels über dem Einlaufende des Abstichrohrs um mindestens 80% geringer ist als die effektive Höhe des Schmelzenspiegels bei der maximalen Badhöhe."h 1 " should be less than or equal to 0.2 times the maximum height (h max ) of a melt in the melting vessel in the axial extension of the tapping pipe. The variable factor (h 1 / h max ) takes into account the different flow behavior, especially at low bath height. The factor "≤0.2" indicates that a condition is detected in which the effective height of the melt level above the inlet end of the tapping tube is at least 80% less than the effective height of the melt level at the maximum bath height.
"hk" gibt die jeweils vorhandene Länge des Abstichrohrs zwischen Einlaufende und Auslaufende wieder. Während das Auslaufende des Abstichrohrs zwangsläufig dessen unteres freies Ende ist und über die Zeit unverändert bleibt, verändert sich die Position des Einlaufendes mit der Benutzungsdauer des Abstichrohres. Verantwortlich dafür ist ein Verschleiß des Feuerfestmaterials am Einlaufende. Das Einlaufende entspricht definitionsgemäß dem Niveau des benachbarten Feuerfestmaterials einer feuerfesten Auskleidung des metallurgischen Schmelzgefäßes. Mit zunehmender Erosion verkürzt sich entsprechend die Länge des Abstichrohrs."h k " represents the existing length of the tapping pipe between the inlet end and the outlet end. While the outlet end of the tapping pipe is necessarily its lower free end and remains unchanged over time, the position of the inlet end changes with the duration of use of the tapping pipe. This is due to wear of the refractory material at the inlet end. By definition, the inlet end corresponds to the level of the adjacent refractory material of a refractory lining of the metallurgical melting vessel. As the erosion increases, the length of the tapping tube shortens accordingly.
Mit "y" wird schließlich der axiale Abstand zwischen dem Auslaufende und einer Stelle entlang des Abstichrohres bezeichnet. Für das Auslaufende ist y = 0, so dass sich aus vorgenannter Formel ergibt:
Als Spezialfall eines kreisförmigen Abstichquerschnitts ergibt sich für den Durchmesser d(y) des Abstichquerschnitts zwischen Auslaufende und Einlaufende nachstehende Abhängigkeit
- d =
- Durchmesser am Auslaufende
- h1 =
- 0,2 hmax oder weniger der maximalen Höhe (hmax) einer Schmelze im Schmelzgefäß über dem Absticheinlass in axialer Verlängerung des Abstichrohres,
- hk =
- Länge des Abstichrohres zwischen Einlaufende und Auslaufende,
- y =
- axialer Abstand zwischen dem Auslaufende und einer Stelle entlang des Abstichrohres.
- d =
- Diameter at the outlet end
- h 1 =
- 0.2 h max or less of the maximum height (h max ) of a melt in the melting vessel above the tapping inlet in the axial extension of the tapping tube,
- h k =
- Length of tapping pipe between inlet end and outlet end,
- y =
- axial distance between the outlet end and a point along the tapping tube.
Dabei beschreibt "d" den Durchmesser am Auslaufende unter Vorgabe einer gewünschten Durchflussmenge. Je höher die gewünschte Durchflussmenge ist, um so größer ist der Durchmesser "d".In this case, "d" describes the diameter at the outlet end with specification of a desired flow rate. The higher the desired flow rate, the larger the diameter "d".
Die erfindungsgemäße Lehre wird anhand verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele nachstehend erläutert. Die Länge des Abstichrohres (hk) wird mit 1,35 Metern angenommen, die Höhe des Badspiegels (h1) - ab Einlaufende des Rohres - mit 0,25 Meter (= 18,5 % der maximalen Höhe des Schmelzbades von 1,35 Meter über dem Absticheinlauf). Der Durchmesser "d" am Auslaufende wurde mit 0,13 Meter festgelegt, um eine gewünschte Durchflussmenge "X" sicherzustellen.The teaching of the invention will be explained below with reference to various embodiments. The length of the tapping pipe (h k ) is assumed to be 1.35 meters, the height of the bath level (h 1 ) - from the inlet end of the pipe - 0.25 meters (= 18.5% of the maximum height of the molten bath of 1.35 Meters above the tapping inlet). The diameter "d" at the outlet end was set at 0.13 meters to ensure a desired flow rate "X".
Mit vorgenannter Formel berechnet sich der Innendurchmesser des Durchlasskanals am Einlauf wie folgt:
In einem Abstand von 1 Meter zum Auslaufende ergibt sich für den Durchlasskanal ein Durchmesserwert von:
Unter Zugrundelegung einer Rohrlänge von 2,0 Meter (bei ansonsten unveränderten Rahmendaten wie Auslaufquerschnitt, Auslaufdurchmesser, effektive Höhe des Badspiegels über dem Einlaufende) ergibt sich der erforderliche Durchmesser am Einlaufende zu 0,23 Meter, der in einem Abstand von 1 Meter zum Auslauf zu 0,15 Meter, während der am Auslaufende unverändert 0,13 Meter beträgt.Based on a pipe length of 2.0 meters (with otherwise unchanged frame data such as outlet cross section, outlet diameter, effective height of the bath level above the inlet end), the required diameter at the inlet end to 0.23 meters, which results at a distance of 1 meter to the outlet 0.15 meters, while at the outlet end is unchanged 0.13 meters.
Daraus ist abzuleiten, dass mit zunehmender Länge des Abstichrohres die erforderliche Öffnungsweite am Einlaufende größer wird.It can be deduced that with increasing length of the tapping tube, the required opening width at the inlet end is greater.
Nach einer Ausführungsform wird der Faktor (h1 / hmax) mit > 0,05 angenommen (hmax ist die maximale Höhe der Schmelze im Schmelzgefäß über dem Einlaufbereich des Abstichrohrs in axialer Verlängerung des Abstichrohrs). Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform liegt der Wert zwischen > 0,1 und/oder ≤ 0,2.According to one embodiment, the factor (h 1 / h max ) is assumed to be> 0.05 (h max is the maximum height of the melt in the melting vessel above the inlet region of the tapping tube in the axial extension of the tapping tube). According to another embodiment, the value is between> 0.1 and / or ≤ 0.2.
Wie ausgeführt, kommt es vor allem auf die Dimensionierung des Abstichrohrs im einlaufseitigen Teil an. Dabei sind die Verhältnisse bei geringen effektiven Höhen des Badspiegels (≤ 20 % der maximalen effektiven Höhe des Badspiegels über dem Einlaufende) bestimmend. Die Querschnittsgeometrie am auslaufseitigen Ende wird überwiegend vom Sollwert der Durchflussmenge (Massestrom bei maximaler Badhöhe) bestimmt.As stated above, the dimensioning of the tapping pipe in the inlet part is particularly important. The conditions at low effective heights of the bath level (≤ 20% of the maximum effective height of the bath level above the inlet end) are decisive. The cross-sectional geometry at the outlet end is mainly determined by the setpoint of the flow rate (mass flow at maximum bath height).
Nach einer Ausführungsform bezieht sich die Querschnittsberechnung für den Durchlasskanal deshalb auf Werte "y" > 50% der Gesamtlänge des Abstichrohres. Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden diese Werte auf Bereiche >70% heraufgesetzt. Dies bedeutet, dass im Wesentlichen die einlaufseitige Hälfte beziehungsweise das einlaufseitige Drittel der Gesamtlänge des Rohres erfinduzzgsspezifisch ausgelegt werden soll.Therefore, according to one embodiment, the cross-sectional calculation for the passageway refers to values "y"> 50% of the total length of the tapping tube. According to another embodiment, these values are increased to ranges> 70%. This means that substantially the inlet-side half or the inlet-side third of the total length of the tube should be designed specifically for the specific invention.
Dabei kann dieser Abschnitt kontinuierlich konisch verjüngend ausgebildet werden; die notwendige Verjüngung in Richtung auf das auslaufseitige Ende kann aber gegebenenfalls auch stufenartig erfolgen. Ebenfalls ist (im Längsschnitt gesehen) eine Anpassung an die optimale Geometrie des Durchlasskanals in Form von Polygonzügen (siehe Fig 3 bis 5) oder gewölbten Abschnitten möglich. In den Fig. 3-5 sind neben den erfindungsgemäß berechneten Idealgeometrien auch an diese technisch angepasste stufenförmige Wandverläufe dargestellt, mit denen sich die gewünschten Effekte ebenso realisieren lassen und die technisch leichter herstellbar sind.In this case, this section can be formed continuously conically tapered; but the necessary taper in the direction of the outlet end can also be done stepwise if necessary. Also (as seen in longitudinal section) is an adaptation to the optimal geometry of the passage channel in the form of polygons (see Figures 3 to 5) or curved sections possible. In addition to the ideal geometries calculated according to the invention, FIGS. 3-5 also show technically adapted step-shaped wall profiles with which the desired effects can likewise be realized and which are technically easier to produce.
Insbesondere die untere auslaufseitige Hälfte des Abstichrohres kann der Konizität des (oberen) einlaufseitigen Teils folgen; es ist aber auch möglich, diesen Teil mit geringerer Konizität (Steigung) auszubilden, bis hin zu einer zylindrischen Form des Durchlasskanals. Dies gilt insbesondere für die auslaufseitig letzten 10 bis 20% der Länge des Abstichrohrs.In particular, the lower outlet side half of the tapping tube, the taper of the follow (upper) inlet-side part; but it is also possible to form this part with less conicity (slope), up to a cylindrical shape of the passage channel. This is especially true for the last 10 to 20% of the length of the tapping tube on the outlet side.
Bezüglich der Steigung des Durchlasskanals gibt die Erfindung nach einer Ausführungsform (kreisförmiger Kanalquerschnitt und symmetrische Ausbildung der Innenkontur zur Kanalachse) die Lehre, den Wandbereich so zu gestalten, dass die Steigung (S) der Innenkontur des Durchlasskanals (im Längsschnitt) nachstehender Abhängigkeit folgt:
Die Steigung S beschreibt in diesem Fall die Änderung des Radius r(y) eines kreisförmigen Querschnitts des Abstichkanals in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand y zum Auslaufende des Abstichs.The slope S in this case describes the change of the radius r (y) of a circular cross-section of the tapping channel as a function of the distance y from the outlet end of the tapping.
Beispielsweise ergeben sich damit für unterschiedliche effektive Badhöhen für die mindestens erforderliche Steigung S in verschiedenen Entfernungen vom Auslassende des Abstichrohrs die in nachstehenden Tabellen angeführten Werte
mit
- hk = 1,35 m
- hmax = 1,35 m
- r = 0,065 m
0,27
0,135
m
- hk=2,0m
- hmax = 1,35 m
- r = 0,065 m
0,27
0,135
m
- hk = 0,75 m (z.B. verringerte Abstichlänge bei verschlissener Konverterauskleidung)
- hmax = 1,95 m
- r = 0,065 m
0,39
0,195
m
With
- h k = 1.35 m
- h max = 1.35 m
- r = 0.065 m
0.27
m
0.135
m
- h k = 2.0m
- h max = 1.35 m
- r = 0.065 m
0.27
m
0.135
m
- h k = 0.75 m (eg reduced tapping length with worn converter lining)
- h max = 1.95 m
- r = 0.065 m
0.39
m
0.195
m
Die Beispiele zeigen, dass im einlaufseitigen Bereich (erstes Drittel der Kanallänge) für die Steigung S die Werte > 0,02 sein sollten. Bei sehr geringen effektiven Badhöhen und kürzeren Abstichlängen erstreckt sich der Bereich, in dem S ≥ 0,02 sein sollte, bereits auf die einlaufseitige Hälfte des Abstichkanals. Dieser Wert S kann auf ≥ 4,025, ≥ 0,05 oder ≥ 0,25 heraufgesetzt werden.The examples show that in the inlet side region (first third of the channel length) for the slope S, the values should be> 0.02. At very low effective bath heights and shorter tap lengths, the area where S ≥ 0.02 should be, already extends to the inlet half of the tapping channel. This value S can be increased to ≥ 4.025, ≥ 0.05 or ≥ 0.25.
Er gilt zumindest für die obere Hälfte (dem Einlaufende benachbart) beziehungsweise das obere Drittel (dem Einlaufende benachbart) des Abstichkanals, kann sich aber auch über die gesamte Länge des Abstichkanals erstrecken. Unmittelbar am Einlaufende (über eine Länge von 0,05 der Gesamtlänge des Abstichrohrs), kann der Wert >> 0,25, beispielsweise 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70 oder 100 betragen. Wird der Wandverlauf des Abstichkanals ganz oder teilweise stufenförmig ausgebildet oder entsprechend vorhandenen Produktionsanlagen angenähert so bedeutet "Steigung" die Steigung der im Längsschnitt zwischen den Kanten aufeinander folgenden Stufen eintragbaren geraden Verbindungslinie.It applies at least to the upper half (adjacent to the inlet end) or to the upper third (adjacent to the inlet end) of the tapping channel, but may also extend over the entire length of the tapping channel. Immediately at the inlet end (over a length of 0.05 of the total length of the tapping tube), the value may be >> 0.25, for example 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70 or 100. If the course of the wall of the tapping channel is completely or partially step-shaped or existing accordingly Production plants approximated so "slope" means the slope of the straight in the longitudinal section between the edges successive stages connectable straight line.
Die erfindungsgemäße Dimensionierung eines Abstichrohres berücksichtigt auch die Längenänderung des Abstichrohres abhängig vom Verschleißzustand der benachbarten Auskleidung, indem die jeweiligen Werte für die ,A,bstichlänge und Höhe der darüber liegenden Schmelze in die Berechnung einfließen.The dimensioning according to the invention of a tapping pipe also takes into account the change in length of the tapping pipe depending on the state of wear of the adjacent lining in that the respective values for the, A, bstichlength and height of the overlying melt are included in the calculation.
Betrachtet man für die idealisierten Strömungsverhältnisse die Änderung des Querschnitts des Durchlasskanals entlang der Achse vom Auslassende zum Einlassende und normiert diese Änderung auf den Querschnitt, so ergibt sich
- SA(y) =
- Änderung des Querschnitts in m2/m an der Stelle y
- A =
- Querschnittsfläche des Durchgangskanals am Auslaufende des Abstichrohrs
- h1 =
- 0,2 hmax oder weniger der maximalen Höhe (hmax) einer Schmelze im Schmelzgefäß über dem Absticheinlass in axialer Verlängerung des Abstichrohres,
- hk =
- Länge des Abstichrohres zwischen Einlaufende und Auslaufende,
- y =
- axialer Abstand zwischen dem Auslaufende und einer Stelle entlang des Abstichrohres.
- S A (y) =
- Change of the cross section in m 2 / m at the point y
- A =
- Cross-sectional area of the through-channel at the outlet end of the tapping pipe
- h 1 =
- 0.2 h max or less of the maximum height (h max ) of a melt in the melting vessel above the tapping inlet in the axial extension of the tapping tube,
- h k =
- Length of tapping pipe between inlet end and outlet end,
- y =
- axial distance between the outlet end and a point along the tapping tube.
Die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des Abstichrohrs ermöglicht es, den Abstichvorgang auch bei geringen Badhöhen mit verringerten Turbulenzen und stetigem Schmelzenstrom zu betreiben und so das Mitziehen von Schlacke erheblich zu reduzieren. Außerdem ergeben sich durch die Verringerung der Temperaturverluste und den verringerten Verschleiß weitere wirtschaftliche Vorteile wie Energieeinsparung und verlängerte Lebensdauer des Abstichs.The inventive design of the tapping tube makes it possible to operate the tapping even at low bath heights with reduced turbulence and continuous melt flow and thus significantly reduce the entrainment of slag. In addition, by reducing the temperature losses and the reduced wear further economic benefits such as energy savings and extended life of tapping.
Claims (6)
- Use of a tapping pipe for a metallurgical melting vessel with a maximum height hmax [m] of a melt in the melting vessel above the inlet region of the tapping pipe in axial extension of the tapping pipe, whose axially running passage channel has a cross-section between an inlet end and an outlet end which follows the following dependency:
whereinA = cross-sectional area at the outlet end in m2 (with a desired volume flow quantity predefined),h1 = effective height of a molten metal in the melting vessel above the inlet end of the tapping pipe in axial extension of the tapping pipe [m] and h1 ≤ 0,2 hmaxhk = length of the tapping pipe between inlet end and outlet end [m]y = axial distance [m] between the outlet end and a place along the tapping pipe (with 0 ≤ y ≤ (h1+hk)). - Use of a tapping pipe according to Claim 1, with h1 > 0.05 hmax.
- Use of a tapping pipe according to Claim 1, with y > 0.5 hk.
- Use of a tapping pipe according to Claim 1, with y > 0.7 hk.
- Use of a tapping pipe according to Claim 1, with a circular cross-section of the flow channel.
- Use of a tapping pipe according to Claim 1, wherein a section of the flow channel neighboring the outlet end is shaped cylindrically.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL05730742T PL1678333T3 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-04-16 | Tapping tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004027440A DE102004027440B3 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Process to optimize the geometry of a passage transporting molten metal from a converter furnace to an extrusion assembly involves using a discharge passage which conforms to a specific mathematical formula |
PCT/EP2005/004051 WO2005118889A2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-04-16 | Tapping tube |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1678333A2 EP1678333A2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1678333B1 true EP1678333B1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=34585434
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05730742A Active EP1678333B1 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-04-16 | Tapping tube |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7556765B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1678333B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4787244B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100861849B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100429323C (en) |
AR (1) | AR049903A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE365231T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005250081B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0511738B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2562334C (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004027440B3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1678333T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA008914B1 (en) |
EG (1) | EG24432A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2287912T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06013067A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20064992L (en) |
PE (1) | PE20060119A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1678333T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1678333E (en) |
SI (1) | SI1678333T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI294464B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005118889A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200609209B (en) |
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AU2009224303C1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2011-03-10 | Krosakiharima Corporation | Upper nozzle |
JP4695701B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-06-08 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | Molten metal discharge nozzle |
JP2011062722A (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-31 | Kurosaki Harima Corp | Nozzle for discharging molten metal |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1984685U (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1968-05-02 | Hagenburger Chamotte Ton | FIREPROOF SPOUT FOR POURS OD. DGL. |
SU901285A1 (en) * | 1979-12-25 | 1982-01-30 | Научно-производственное объединение "Тулачермет" | Steel-smelting set |
JPS5739064A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1982-03-04 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | Tundish nozzle for continuous casting |
AT387039B (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1988-11-25 | Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag | TAPPING DEVICE FOR CONVERTER |
JPH02106592U (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-24 | ||
JPH0518669A (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1993-01-26 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Terminal brick for hearth tap hole of electric furnace |
JPH0539519A (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1993-02-19 | Nkk Corp | Steel tapping hole providing slag detector in converter |
DE4208520C2 (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1994-10-27 | Didier Werke Ag | Tapping tube on a converter or arc furnace |
DE19821981B4 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | Stilkerieg, Berthold, Dipl.-Ing. | Sludge retainer for the tapping channel of a converter with float closure and perforated stone channel of a ladle |
JPH11293323A (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-26 | Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd | Sleeve structure of tap hole for converter |
DE19925598A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-07 | Sms Demag Ag | Tapping channel for melting furnaces and ladles |
US6346212B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2002-02-12 | Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Converter |
RU2186120C2 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат" | Hot metal tap hole for blast furnace and tap hole drill |
DE10117181C1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-31 | Georgsmarienhuette Gmbh | Method and device for preventing slag from flowing along when tapping a molten steel |
RU24466U1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2002-08-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат" | Converter for steel smelting |
DE102004050701B3 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-06 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel |
-
2004
- 2004-06-04 DE DE102004027440A patent/DE102004027440B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-16 DK DK05730742T patent/DK1678333T3/en active
- 2005-04-16 MX MXPA06013067A patent/MXPA06013067A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-04-16 DE DE502005000895T patent/DE502005000895D1/en active Active
- 2005-04-16 WO PCT/EP2005/004051 patent/WO2005118889A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-04-16 BR BRPI0511738-0B1A patent/BRPI0511738B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-16 EP EP05730742A patent/EP1678333B1/en active Active
- 2005-04-16 CN CNB2005800148455A patent/CN100429323C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-16 ES ES05730742T patent/ES2287912T3/en active Active
- 2005-04-16 CA CA2562334A patent/CA2562334C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-16 KR KR1020067025506A patent/KR100861849B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-16 AT AT05730742T patent/ATE365231T1/en active
- 2005-04-16 JP JP2007513714A patent/JP4787244B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-16 EA EA200602009A patent/EA008914B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-16 AU AU2005250081A patent/AU2005250081B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-16 US US11/568,160 patent/US7556765B2/en active Active
- 2005-04-16 SI SI200530061T patent/SI1678333T1/en unknown
- 2005-04-16 PT PT05730742T patent/PT1678333E/en unknown
- 2005-04-16 PL PL05730742T patent/PL1678333T3/en unknown
- 2005-05-30 TW TW094117709A patent/TWI294464B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-03 PE PE2005000629A patent/PE20060119A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-03 AR ARP050102280A patent/AR049903A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2006
- 2006-10-31 NO NO20064992A patent/NO20064992L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2006-11-29 EG EGNA2006001134 patent/EG24432A/en active
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