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  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel fused heteroaromatic compounds, including derivatives thereof, to intermediates for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their medicinal use.
• The' compounds ofthe present invention are potent inhibitors ofthe transforming growth factor ("TGF")- ⁇ signaling pathway. They are useful in the treatment of TGF- ⁇ related disease states including, for example, cancer and fibrotic diseases.
• TGF transforming growth factor
• TGF- ⁇ activates both antiproliferative and tumor-promoting signaling cascades.
• Three mammalian TGF- ⁇ isoforms have been identified (TGF- ⁇ l, - ⁇ ll, and - ⁇ lll).
• TGF- ⁇ production promotes tumor progression while its blockade enhances antitumor activity.
• Blockade of TGF- ⁇ enhances antitumor immune responses and inhibits metastasis.
• the present invention provides a novel compound containing a core fused heteroaromatic substituted with at least one substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridyl moiety and at least one R 1 moiety as set forth herein, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, tautomers, hydrates, and solvates thereof.
• the present invention provides a compound ofthe formula (la) or (lb):
• solvates thereof where moieties of formulae (la) and (lb) respectively, represent a core fused heteroaromatic.
• a core fused heteroaromatic including all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, prodrugs, hydrates, and solvates, each as described herein, can be further substituted, as defined below.
• R 1 is a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic C 3 -C 20 mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, wherein R 1 can optionally be further independently substituted with at least one moiety independently selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, hydrogen, carbonyl, halo, halo(Cj-C 6 )alkyl, perhalo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, perhalo(CrC 6 )alkoxy, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, (C -C 6 )alkenyl, (C -C 6 )alkynyl, hydroxy, oxo, mercapto, (d-C 6 )alkoxy, (C 5 -C ⁇ o)aryl or (C 5 -C ⁇ o)heteroaryl, (C 5 - C 10 )aryloxy or
• each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halo, halo(d-C 6 )alkyl, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, perhalo(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 5 -C 10 )heteroaryl, (C 5 -C 10 )heterocyclic, (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy, (d-C 6 )alkoxy, perhalo(Ci-C 6 )alkoxy, phenoxy, (C 5 -C 10 )heteroaryl-O-, (C 5 -C ⁇ 0 )heterocyclic-O-, (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl-O-, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl-S-,
• R 3 is a (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or a (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl group; more preferably, R is a methyl or a cyclopropyl group;
• s is an integer from one to five; preferably, an integer from one to four;
• R and R taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a core fused heteroaromatic, as defined below; preferably, R and R are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, where the substituents are as set forth below.
• rotation about the single bonds of the compounds of formulae (la) and (lb) may occur to give different regioisomers.
• formulae (la) and (lb) include all possible regioisomers.
• the regioisomer illustrated above as formula (lb) is preferred.
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• the core fused heteroaromatic is:
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R > 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is where R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R ,2a , r R> 2b , and R >2c are each as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above is h another embodiment of the invention, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2 is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R ,2a a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 2a is as set forth herein.
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(lb), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (la)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• R 1 of formulae (Ia)-(Ib), each as set forth above, is
• the invention also provides a compound selected from the group consisting of:
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one compound ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention further provides a method of preparation of a compound ofthe invention.
• the invention still further provides a method of preventing or treating a TGF-related disease state in an animal or human comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound ofthe invention to the animal or human suffering from the TGF-related disease state.
• a compound ofthe invention can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a TGF-related disease state in a mammal (animal or human).
• alkyl refers to a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon (e.g., methyl, ethyl, 7i-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-bv ⁇ yl, secondaiy-bvtiyl, tertiary- butyl).
• cycloalkyl refers to a mono or bicyclic carbocyclic ring (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicVCl ⁇ f3.2.11 ⁇ Ctanvl and bicv lnf ⁇ .? filrinnnnvl
• halo-substituted alkyl or “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as set forth above, substituted with one or more halogens, as set forth above, including, but not limited to, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl.
• perhaloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical, as set forth above, where each hydrogen ofthe alkyl group is replaced with a "halogen” or “halo” as set forth above.
• alkenyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain radical containing at least two carbon atoms and at least one double bond. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (ally!), iso- propenyl, 2-methyl- 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, and 2-butenyl.
• alkynyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain radical having at least one triple bond including, but not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl.
• aryl refers to an aromatic radical such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and indanyl.
• heteroaryl refers to an aromatic or unsaturated group containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N.
• heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl (e.g., 1,3-oxazolyl, 1,2-oxazolyl), thiazolyl (e.g., 1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-thiazolyl),
• heterocyclic refers to a saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 20 mono-, bi- or polycyclic group containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S.
• heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrothiazinyl, tetrahydro-thiadiazinyl, morpholinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrodiazinyl, oxazinyl, oxcithiazinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quincuclidinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, benzo
• Examples of monocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring systems are tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, imidazolidin-1-yl, irnidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3- yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperazin-1-yl, piperazin-2-yl, piperazin-3-yl, l,3-oxazolidin-3-yl, isothiazolidine, l,3-thiazolidin-3-yl, l,2-pyrazolidin-2-yl, 1,3-pyrazolidin-l-yl, thiomorpholin-yl, l,2-tetrahydrothiazin-2- yl, l,3-tetrahydrothia
• the term "pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts derived from pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate [i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)] salts.
• pharmacologically acceptable anions such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisul
• the term "pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt” refers to non-toxic base addition salts, i.e., salts derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium), ammonium or water- soluble amine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine), and the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines.
• alkali metal cations e.g., potassium and sodium
• alkaline earth metal cations e.g., calcium and magnesium
• ammonium or water- soluble amine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine)
• the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine
• suitable substituent refers to at least one chemically and pharmaceutically acceptable functional group, i. e. , a moiety that does not negate the inhibitory and/or therapeutic activity of the inventive compounds and that can optionally be further substituted.
• suitable optionally substituted substituents may be routinely selected by those skilled in the art.
• TGF-related disease state refers to any disease state mediated by the production of TGF- ⁇ .
• Ph refers to phenyl
• a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic C 3 -C 20 mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom refers to, but is not limited to,
• R 2a is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alky(C 5 -C 10 )aryl, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, (d-C 6 )acid, (Cj-C 6 )ester, (C 5 -C 10 )heteroaryl, (C 5 -C ⁇ 0 )heterocyclyl, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkoxy, nitro, halo, hydroxyl, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )ester, and those groups described in U.S. Application Nos.
• R b and R 2 ° taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted mono-, bi- or polycyclic, saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic ring system optionally containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.
• core fused heteroaromatic refers to an optionally substituted heteroaromatic mono-, bi- or uolvcvclic rin ⁇ svstem containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, where the heteroaromatic ring system substituent is at least one independently selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, hydrogen, halo, haloalkyl, (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C -C 6 )alkynyl, perhalo(d-C 6 )alkyl, (C 5 -C 10 )heteroaryl, (C 5 -C 10 )heterocyclic, (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy, (d-C 6 )alkoxy, perhalo(d-C 6 )alkoxy, phenoxy,
• the ? ⁇ moieties in the above illustrated core fused heteroaromatics represent a linkage to either R 1 or the 2-pyridyl moiety of formula (la) or (lb).
• Other suitable examples ofthe core fused heteroaromatic include, but are not limited to the imidazole based "FusedHet" described in WO 03/000682.
• a compound of the invention may be prepared according to the following reaction schemes and discussion as well as those set forth in U.S. Application Nos. 10/094717, 10/094760, and 10/115952, and WO0240476, each of which is herein incorporated in its entirety by reference. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow are each as defined herein. SCHEME 1
• Scheme I refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula lb.
• R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , and s are each as defined above.
• a compound of the formula III was prepared from compound of the formula II by reaction with an heteroaryl chloride of the formula R ! -C1, in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium II acetate, a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, and AMPHOS® (i. e.
• the compound of formula IV was prepared from a compound of the formula III by reaction with Br 2 in a polar solvent. Suitable solvents included acetic acid, chloroform or methylene chloride, preferably acetic acid. The aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature of about 0°C to about 30°C, preferably at about 22°C (room temperature) for a period from about 10 minutes to about 4 hours, preferably about 30 minutes.
• the compound of formula lb was prepared from a compound of the formula IV by reaction with a compound ofthe formula V:
• R 4 and R 6 are each as defined above, in a polar solvent.
• Suitable solvents include N,N'-dimethylformamide, N,N'-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N- methylpyrrolidinone, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, or tetrahydrofuran, preferably N,N'-dimethylformamide or ethanol.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 50°C to about 100°C, preferably 80°C, for a period from 1 hour to about 10 hours, preferably 4.5 hours.
• Scheme 2 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula la.
• R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , and s are each as defined above.
• a compound ofthe formula VIII was prepared from a compound ofthe formula VI by treating with a base, such as butyl lithium, at a temperature of about -60°C for a time 2004/078110
• the compound of the formula la was prepared from a compound of the formula IX according to the procedure described in Scheme 1 for the conversion of compounds ofthe formula IV to compounds ofthe formula lb.
• Scheme 3 refers to the preparation of compounds ofthe formula VIII, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of the formula la in Scheme 2.
• R 1 , R 3 and s are each as defined above.
• compounds of the formula XI were prepared from aldehydes of the formula X by first treatment with an aromatic amine, such as aniline, in a polar solvent. Suitable solvents include ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran, preferably isopropyl acetate. The resulting reaction mixture is heated to a temperature from about 50°C to about 100°C, preferably 60°C, and then slowly treated with phosphorous acid diphenyl ester.
• a compound of the formula VIII was prepared from a compound of the formula XI by reaction with a pyridine aldehyde of the formula XII in the presence of a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, in a polar solvent.
• a base such as potassium tert-butoxide
• Suitable solvents include ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran, preferably a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and isopropyl acetate.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 0°C to about 100°C, preferably 22°C (ambient temperature), for a period from 30 minutes to about 5 hours, preferably 2 hours.
• the resulting reaction mixture was then treated with acid, such as hydrochloric acid for a period from 30 minutes to about 5 hours, preferably 1 hour.
• Scheme 4 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula III, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of the formula lb in Scheme 1.
• R 1 , R 3 and s are each as defined above.
• compounds ofthe formula XIII were prepared from pyridine aldehydes of the formula XII according to the procedure described in Scheme 3 for the preparation of a compound ofthe formula XI from a compound ofthe formula X.
• a compound ofthe formula X was prepared according to Scheme 5.
• a compound of the formula III was prepared from a compound of the formula XIII according to the procedure described in Scheme 3 for the preparation of a compound ofthe formula VIII from a compound ofthe formula XI.
• Scheme 5 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula X, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of the formula VIII and III in Scheme 3 and Scheme 4, respectively.
• R 1 is as defined above and R is a simple alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl.
• compounds of the formula XV were prepared from heteroarylhalides of the formula, XIV, wherein X is a chloride or bromide, by an alkoxycarbonylation reaction.
• Suitable conditions include metal-halogen exchange with butyl lithium in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature about 0°C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes, followed by the addition of ethylchloroformate at a temperature of about 0°C, followed by a period of time of about 2.4 hours at about 50°C.
• the compound of the formula X was prepared from a compound of the formula XV with a two-step process.
• Suitable reducing agents include lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and borane in tetrahydrofuran.
• Suitable solvents include methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, and dioxane.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 0°C to about 100°C, preferably 65°C, for a period from 10 minutes to about 1 hour, preferably 30 minutes.
• the resulting primary alcohol was then oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde of the formula X by treating with an oxidizing agent, such as N-methyl morpholine N-oxide/TPAP, Dess-Martin reagent, PCC or oxalyl chloride-DMSO, preferably oxalyl chloride-DMSO.
• an oxidizing agent such as N-methyl morpholine N-oxide/TPAP, Dess-Martin reagent, PCC or oxalyl chloride-DMSO, preferably oxalyl chloride-DMSO.
• Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or dichloromethane.
• the aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about -78°C to about 22°C for a time from about 15 minutes to about 3 hours, preferably about 1 hour. 004/078110
• Scheme 6 refers to the preparation of compounds ofthe formula II, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds ofthe formula lb in Scheme 1.
• R and s are each as defined above.
• a compound of formula XVI was prepared from a compound of the formula XII by reaction with methyl magnesium bromide in a polar solvent such as a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about -78 °C to about 0°C, preferably -60°C, for a period from 10 minutes to about 1 hour, preferably 40 minutes, followed by a period of about 90 minutes at a temperature of about -10°C.
• the compound of formula II was prepared from a compound of the formula XVI by treating with an oxidizing agent, such as N-methyl morpholine N- oxide/TPAP, Dess-Martin reagent, PCC or oxalyl chloride-DMSO, preferably oxalyl chloride-DMSO.
• an oxidizing agent such as N-methyl morpholine N- oxide/TPAP, Dess-Martin reagent, PCC or oxalyl chloride-DMSO, preferably oxalyl chloride-DMSO.
• Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or dichloromethane.
• the aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about -78°C to about 22°C for a time from about 15 minutes to about 3 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• Scheme 7 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula VII, which Scheme 2.
• R is as defined above and R is a simple alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl.
• compounds of the formula XVII were prepared from a compound of the formula XV, which may be prepared according to a procedure described in Scheme 5, by treatment with a base such as lithium hydroxide, in a polar protic solvent. Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction included methanol, ethanol, and water. The aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about 0°C to about 30°C preferably about 22°C (room temperature) for a time from about 15 minutes to about 3 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• the compound of the formula VII was prepared from a compound of the formula XVII by reaction with a suitable activating agent and a compound of the formula
• Suitable activating agents included thionyl chloride, carbonyldumidazole, EDCI and DCC, preferably oxalyl chloride.
• Suitable bases included triethylamine, Hunig's base, or DBU, preferably triethylamine.
• Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include methylene chloride, N,N'- dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and a mixture thereof, preferably methylene chloride. The aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about 0°C to about 30°C, preferably about 22°C (room temperature) for a time from about 6 hours to about 48 hours, preferably about 12 hours.
• Scheme 8 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula XII, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of the formula VIII, III, and II in Scheme 3, Scheme 4 and Scheme 6, respectively.
• R 3 and s are each as defined above, R is a simple alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl, and X is a halo such as chloro or bromo.
• compounds of the formula XIX were prepared from heteroarylhalides of the formula XVIII according to the procedure described in Scheme 5 for the preparation of a compound of the formula XV from a compound ofthe formula XIV.
• the compound of the formula XII was prepared from a compound of the formula XIX according to a two-step process described in Scheme 5 for the preparation of a compound of the formula X from a compound of the formula XV.
• a compound of the formula XII may be prepared directly from a heteroarylhalides of the formula, XVIII, wherein X is a chloride or bromide, by a formylation reaction.
• Suitable conditions include metal-halogen exchange with isopropyl magnesium bromide in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature about 0°C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes, followed by the addition of N,N'-dimethylformamide at a temperature of about 0°C, followed by a period of time of about 2.4 hours at about 50°C. 2004/07811
• Scheme 9 refers to the preparation of compounds of formula XXXII.
• R 2a and R 2b are each as defined above.
• XXXIII wherein P 4 is (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl, by reaction with an alkylating reagent of the formula R L, wherein L is a leaving group such as iodo and bromo, in the presence of a base.
• Suitable bases included sodium hydride and cesium carbonate.
• Suitable solvents included dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N'-dimethylformamide. The aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about 0°C to about 30°C, preferably about 22°C, for a period from about 10 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• the compound of formula XXXIII, wherein P 4 is (C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl was prepared from a compound of formula XXXIV, wherein P 4 is (d-Cg)alkyl, by reaction with a phosgene equivalent.
• Suitable phosgene equivalents included phosgene, triphosgene and carbonyldumidazole.
• Suitable solvents included dichloromethane, THF, benzene and dichloroethane.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 10°C to about 30°C, preferably at about 22°C (room temperature) for a period from about 10 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably about 30 minutes.
• the compound of formula XXXIV was prepared from a compound of formula XXXV by reaction with a reducing agent using standard techniques that are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, reduction may be effected with hydrogen gas (H 2 ), using catalysts such as palladium on carbon (Pd/C), palladium on barium sulfate (Pd/BaSO ), platinum on carbon (Vt/C ⁇ or rhodium chloride (Wilkinson's catalyst), as described in Catalytic Hydro enation in Organic Synthesis, Paul Rylander, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 31-63 (1979).
• a reducing agent for example, reduction may be effected with hydrogen gas (H 2 ), using catalysts such as palladium on carbon (Pd/C), palladium on barium sulfate (Pd/BaSO ), platinum on carbon (Vt/C ⁇ or rhodium chloride (Wilkinson's catalyst), as described in Catalytic Hydro enation in Organic
• Suitable solvents include methanol, ethanol, THF, dioxane or ethyl acetate, at a pressure from about 1 to about 5 atmospheres.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 10°C to about 60°C, preferably about 22° C (room temperature), for a period from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, preferably about 2 hours.
• the following conditions are preferred: 10% palladium on carbon, ethanol at 22°C and 50 psi of hydrogen gas pressure.
• the compound of formula XXXV was prepared from a compound of formula XXXVI by reaction with an amine ofthe formula R 2a NH 2 in the presence of a base.
• Suitable bases include the amine of the formula R 2a NH 2 , triethylamine and dimethylaminopyridine, preferably the base was the amine of the formula R 2a NH 2 .
• Suitable solvents include dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane and THF, preferably dichloromethane.
• the aforesaid reaction was run at a temperature from about 0°C to about 30°C, preferably 22°C (room temperature) for a period from about 6 hours to about 48 hours, preferably about 12 hours.
• the compound of formula XXXVI wherein P 4 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, was prepared from a compound of formula XXXVII by reaction with an activating reagent, an alcohol and a base.
• Suitable activating agents include oxalyl chloride with catalytic N,N'-dimethylfo ⁇ namide, thionyl chloride, and carbodiimide.
• Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol or propanol.
• Suitable bases include triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
• the aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature of about -10°C to about 5°C, preferably at about 0°C, for a period from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, preferably 2 hours.
• the compound of the formula XXXVII can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. 2004/078110
• Scheme 10 refers to the preparation of compounds ofthe formula VII, which are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (la) and (lb), each as set forth above.
• R 2a and R 2b are each as defined above.
• a com ⁇ ound of the fnnrmi ⁇ v ⁇ -n ⁇ c ⁇ A & — - compound ofthe formula XXXVIII according to the procedure described in Scheme 9 for the preparation of a compound of the formula XXXIII from a compound ofthe formula XXXIV.
• the compound of formula XXXVIII can be prepared from compounds of the formula XXXIX by hydrogenation conditions such as described in Scheme 9 for the conversion of compounds of formula XXXV to compounds of the formula XXXIV.
• XXIII XX Sche e 11 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula XX and XXIII, both are intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (la) and (lb), each as set forth above.
• R 2a is as defined above.
• a compound of the formula XX was prepared from a compound of formula XXIII by reaction with a reducing agent, such as diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) in toluene, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• DIBAL diisobutylaluminum hydride
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• the compound of formula XXIII was prepared from a compound of formula XXVI according to the procedure described in Scheme 7 for the preparation of a compound ofthe formula VII from a compound ofthe formula XVII.
• the compound of formula XXVI was prepared from a compound of formula
• XXVIII by reaction with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions.
• Suitable acids include hydrochloric acid.
• the aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about 0°C to about 100°C, preferably about 22°C, for a period from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, preferably about 2 hours.
• the compound of formula XXVIII was prepared from a compound of formula XXIX by reaction with a reducing agent as described in Scheme 10 for the preparation of a compound of the formula XXXVIII from a compound of the formula XXXIX.
• the compound of formula XXIX can be prepared from a compound of formula XXX by reaction with an amine of the formula R 2a NH .
• Suitable solvents include an excess of the amine reactant (neat), glyme, and toluene, preferably neat. The aforesaid reaction was conducted at a temperature from about 70°C to about 120°C, preferably 100°C, for a period from about 10 minutes to about 1 hour, preferably about 30 minutes.
• Scheme 12 refers to the preparation of compounds of the formula XXII, which is an intermediate useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (la) and (lb), each as set forth above.
• R 2a is as defined above and P 1 is (d- C 6 )alkyl.
• the compound of formula XXII was prepared from a compound of formula XXXIII according to the procedure described in Scheme 9 for the preparation of a compound of the formula XXXII from a compound of the formula XXIII.
• Scheme 13 refers to the preparation of compounds ofthe formula XX, which is an intermediate useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (la) and (lb), each as set forth above.
• R 2a is as defined above.
• Compounds of formula XX were prepared from compounds of formula XXVIII by a formylation reaction. Suitable conditions for formylation include metal-halogen exchange with isopropylmagnesium chloride in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature of about 0°C, for a period of time of about 30 minutes, followed by the addition of N,N'-dimethylformamide at a temperature of about 0°C, followed by a period of time of about 2.5 hours at a temperature of about 50°C.
• a compound ofthe invention which is basic in nature is capable of forming a wide variety of different salts with various inorganic and organic acids. Although such salts must be pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to animals and ' humans, it is often desirable in practice to initially isolate a compound of the invention from the reaction mixture as a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt and then simply convert the latter back to the free base compound by treatment with an alkaline reagent, and subsequently convert the free base to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
• the acid addition salts of the base compounds of this invention are readily prepared by treating the base compound with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitable organic solvent such as, for example, methanol or ethanol.
• the acids which can be used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts ofthe base compounds of this invention are those which form non- toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate or acid citrate, lartrate or bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate and pamoate [i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)] salts.
• non- toxic acid addition salts i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate
• such salts must be pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to animals and humans, it is often desirable in practice to initially isolate a compound ofthe invention from the reaction mixture as a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt (e.g., lithium salts) which can be easily isolated and then converted later to a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt.
• a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt e.g., lithium salts
• examples of such pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include the alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts and particularly, the sodium and Dotassium salts.
• TIIP chemical bases which can be used as reagents to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts of this invention are those which form non-toxic base salts with the herein described acidic compounds ofthe invention.
• These non-toxic base salts include but are not limited to salts derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc. These salts can easily be prepared by treating the corresponding acidic compounds with an aqueous solution containing the desired pharmacologically acceptable cations, and then evaporating the resulting solution to dryness, preferably under reduced pressure.
• they may also be prepared by mixing lower alkanolic solutions ofthe acidic compounds and the desired alkali metal alkoxide together, and then evaporating the resulting solution to dryness in the same manner as before.
• stoichiometric quantities of reagents are preferably employed in order to ensure completeness of reaction and maximum product yields.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds are also encompassed by the present invention.
• an "isotopically-labeled compound” refers to a compound ofthe invention including pharmaceutical salts, prodrugs thereof, each as described herein, in which one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes that can be inco ⁇ orated into compounds of the invention include but are not limited to isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 C1, respectively.
• the compounds may be useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
• Tritiated ( 3 H) and carbon- 14 ( 14 C) labeled compounds are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium ( 2 H) can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances.
• Isotopically labeled compounds ofthe invention, including pharmaceutical salts, ⁇ rodru ⁇ s thereof, can be nrenarerl T ⁇ n mf» ⁇ no Vn ⁇ Tim in + .
• Q n + Stereoisomers e.g.
• cis and trans isomers and all optical isomers of a compound ofthe invention (e.g., R and S enantiomers), as well as racemic, diastereomeric and other mixtures of such isomers are contemplated by the present invention.
• the compounds, salts, prodrugs, hydrates, and solvates ofthe present invention can exist in several tautomeric forms, including the enol and imine form, and the keto and enamine form and geometric isomers and mixtures thereof. All such tautomeric forms are included within the scope ofthe present invention.
• Tautomers exist as mixtures of a tautomeric set in solution. In solid form, usually one tautomer predominates. Even though one tautomer may be described, the present invention includes all tautomers ofthe present compounds.
• the present invention also includes atropisomers ofthe present invention.
• Atropisomers refer to compounds ofthe invention that can be separated into rotationally restricted isomers.
• a compound ofthe invention, as described above, can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a TGF-related disease state in an animal or human.
• a compound ofthe invention is a potent inhibitor of transforming growth factor ("TGF")- ⁇ signaling pathway and are therefore of use in therapy. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating a TGF-related disease in an animal or human comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound ofthe invention to the animal or human suffering from the TGF-related disease state.
• TGF transforming growth factor
• the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound of the invention required to inhibit the TGF- ⁇ signaling pathway. As would be understood by one of skill in the art, a “therapeutically effective amount” will vary from patient to patient and will be determined on a case by case basis. Factors to consider include, but are not limited to, the patient being treated, weight, health, compound administered, etc. There are numerous disease states that can be treated by inhibition of the
• a *_ _ n types of cancer e.g., breast, lung, colon, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, all hematological malignancies, etc.
• fibrotic diseases e.g., glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arterial hyperplasia and restenosis, scleroderma, and dermal scarring.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one compound ofthe invention and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be any such carrier known in the art including those described in, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A. R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be prepared by conventional means known in the art including, for example, mixing at least one compound ofthe invention with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition ofthe invention may be used in the prevention or treatment of a TGF-related disease state, as described above, in an animal or human.
• a compound ofthe invention may be formulated as a pharmaceutical composition for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), topical, or rectal administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
• the pharmaceutical composition may take the form of, for example, a tablet or capsule prepared by conventional means with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as a binding agent (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); filler (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricant (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrant (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agent (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate).
• a binding agent e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• filler e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate
• lubricant e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica
• disintegrant e.g.,
• Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of a, for example, solution, syrup or suspension, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive such as a suspending agent (e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats): emulsifvin ⁇ a ⁇ ent (e.e.. lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicle (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservative (e.g., methyl or ropyl p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
• a suspending agent e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats
• emulsifvin ⁇ a ⁇ ent e.e... lecithin or acacia
• non-aqueous vehicle e.g.,
• the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
• a compound ofthe present invention may also be formulated for sustained delivery according to methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Examples of such formulations can be found in United States Patents 3,538,214, 4,060,598, 4,173,626, 3,119,742, and 3,492,397, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• a compound ofthe invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion.
• Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain a formulating agent such as a suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agent.
• the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. , sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
• a compound of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
• a compound of the invention may be conveniently delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
• a suitable propellant e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
• the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
• the pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a
• Solution o SUS nension nf t e rnmnmirirl nf ihp ir ⁇ rpnfi/ t-i m mloo n- ⁇ ⁇ o ⁇ ' ⁇ n (made, for example, from gelatin) for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound ofthe invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
• a proposed dose of a compound ofthe invention for oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of a TGF-related disease state is about, 0.1 mg to about 2000 mg, preferably about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg ofthe active ingredient per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
• Aerosol formulations for treatment ofthe conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff of aerosol contains about 20 ⁇ g to about 10,000 ⁇ g, preferably, about 20 ⁇ g to about lOOO ⁇ g of a compound ofthe invention.
• the overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range of about lOO ⁇ g to about 100 mg, preferably, about lOO ⁇ g to about 10 mg.
• Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
• Aerosol combination formulations for treatment ofthe conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff of aerosol contains from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably, from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg of a compound of this invention, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 10 mg of such compound. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
• Aerosol formulations for treatment ofthe conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff of aerosol contains from about 0.01 mg to about 20,000 mg, preferably, about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg of a compound ofthe invention, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
• a compound ofthe invention may be formulated as an ointment or cream.
• This invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing and methods of treatment or prevention comprising administering prodrugs of at least one compound ofthe invention.
• prodrug refers to a pharmacologically inactive derivative of a parent drug molecule that requires biotransformation, either spontaneous or enzymatic, within the organism to release the active drug.
• Prodrugs are variations or derivatives ofthe compounds of this invention which have groups cleavable under metabolic conditions. Prodrugs become the compounds ofthe invention which are pharmaceutically active in vivo, when they undergo solvolysis under physiological conditions or undergo enzymatic degradation.
• Prodrug compounds of this invention may be called single, double, triple etc., depending on the number of biotransformation steps required to release the active drug within the organism, and indicating the number of functionalities present in a precursor-type form.
• Prodrug forms often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, Design of Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985 and Silverman, The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, pp. 352-401, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif, 1992).
• Prodrugs commonly known in the art include acid derivatives well known to practitioners ofthe art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction ofthe parent acids with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction ofthe parent acid compound with an amine, or basic groups reacted to form an acylated base derivative.
• the prodrug derivatives of this invention may be combined with other features herein taught to enhance bioavailability. For example, a compound ofthe invention having free amino, amido, hydroxy or carboxylic groups can be converted into prodrugs.
• Prodrugs include compounds wherein an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues which are covalently joined through peptide bonds to free amino, hydroxy or carboxylic acid groups of compounds ofthe invention.
• the amino acid residues include the 20 naturally occurring amino acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also include, 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citmlline nm ⁇ evsteine hr>mr»op ins> i+h p ⁇ i i TI- « J _ ⁇ - _ include compounds wherein carbonates, carbamates, amides and alkyl esters which are covalently bonded to the above substituents of a compound ofthe invention through the carbonyl carbon prodrug sidechain.
• a compound ofthe invention in the treatment of a TGF-related disease state, may be combined with another compound(s) ofthe invention and/or with another therapeutic agent(s).
• suitable therapeutic agent(s) include, but are not limited to, standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (hereinafter NS AID' s) (e.g, piroxicam, diclofenac), propionic acids (e.g., naproxen, flubiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen and ibuprofen), fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, apazone), pyrazolones (e.g., phenylbutazone), salicylates (e.g., aspirin), COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib, valdecoxib, rofecoxib and
• a comnound of the invention exhibits an in vitro IC 50 value of up to about 10 ⁇ M.
• the compound of Example 15 exhibits an in vitro IC 50 value against T ⁇ RI of 253nM.
• the compounds ofthe present invention also possess differential activity (i.e. are selective for) for T ⁇ RI over T ⁇ RII and T ⁇ RIII. Selectivity is measured in standard assays as a IC 50 ratio of inhibition in each assay.
• TGF- ⁇ Type II Receptor fTBRID Kinase Assay Protocol Phosphorylation of myelin basic protein (MBP) by the T ⁇ RII kinase was measured as follows: 80 microliters of MBP (Upstate Biotechnology #13-104) diluted in kinase reaction buffer (KRB) containing 50 mM MOPS, 5 mM MgCl 2 , pH 7.2 to yield a final concentration of 3 micromolar MBP was added to each well of a Millipore 96-well multiscreen-DP 0.65 micron filtration plate (#MADPNOB50). 20 microliters of inhibitor diluted in KRB was added to appropriate wells to yield the desired final concentration (10 - 0.03 micromolar).
• KRB kinase reaction buffer
• MADPNOB50 Millipore 96-well multiscreen-DP 0.65 micron filtration plate
• the potency of inhibitors was determined by their ability to reduce T ⁇ RII-mediated phosphorylation ALK-5 (T ⁇ RD Kinase Assay Protocol
• the kinase assays were performed with 65 nM GST-ALK5 and 84 nM GST-Smad3 in 50 mM HEPES, 5 mM MgCl ,1 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 3 _M ATP. Reactions were incubated with 0.5 _Ci of [ 33 P]_ATPfor 3 h at 30°C.
• Phosphorylated protein was captured on P-81 paper (Whatman, Maidstone, England), washed with 0.5% phosphoric acid, and counted by liquid scintillation.
• Smad3 or Smadl protein was also coated onto FlashPlate Sterile Basic Microplates (PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Boston, MA). Kinase assays were then performed in Flash-Plates with same assay conditions using either the kinase domain of ALK5 with Smad3 as substrate or the kinase domain of ALK6 (BMP receptor) with Smadl as substrate. Plates were washed three times with phosphate buffer and counted by TopCount (Packard Bio-science, Meriden, CT). (Laping, N.J. et al. Molecular Pharmacology 62:58-64 (2002)).
• Step A Preparation of Benzo ⁇ ,31dioxole-5-carboxyric acid methoxy-methyl-amide
• benzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid 69 g, 415 mmol
• dimethylformamide IL
• di-imidazol-1-yl-methanone 74 g, 1.1 equiv
• N,O-Dimethyl-hydroxylamine 43 g, 1.1 equiv was added to the reaction mixture.
• the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, and then concentrated in vacuo to X of the volume, poured into 5% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (IL), stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes, and then extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (2x300 mL). The combined organics extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was azeotroped with toluene (800 mL) and dried under vacuum for 3 hours. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification.
• IL aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Step B Preparation of 1 -Benzol " 3]dioxol-5-yl-2-f6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
• n-butyl lithium 183 mL, 2.5 M in hexanes, 457 mmol
• Step C Preparation of l-Benzo ⁇ ,31dioxol-5-yl-2-bromo-2-( ' 6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- ethanone
• Step D Preparation of 2-Benzori.3]dioxol-5-yl-3-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl - imidazof 1.2-a]pyrimidine
• Example 2 2-Benzo l,31dioxol-5-yl-3-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl - lH-imidazori ,2-a " [imidazole
• reaction mixture was slowly warmed to -10°C over 90 minutes, and then slowly quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (75 mL).
• saturated aqueous ammonium chloride 75 mL
• the liquid phase was decanted from the solids and concentrated in vacuo.
• the resulting residue was dissolved in methylene chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound (28 g, 100%).
• Step B Preparation of l-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
• oxalyl chloride 20 mL, 225 mmol, 1.1 equiv
• methylene chloride 300 mL
• dimethylsulfoxide 32 mL, 2.2 equiv
• Step C Preparation of 1 -f6-Methyl-pyridin-2-ylV2-quinolin-6-yl-ethanone
• Step D Preparation of 2-Bromo-l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -2-quinolin-6-yl- ethanone
• Step E Preparation of 6-[ " 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo[ 2-alpyridin-3-yl]- quinoline
• Example 12 6- 7-Methyl-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[L2-a1pyridin-3-vn-quinoline
• HPLC t R 2.10 min, LCMS 351.3 (M+l).
• Example 13 6-[6-Methyl-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo
• HPLC t R 1.96 min, LCMS 351.3 (M+l).
• Example 14 6-[3-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-ylV7H-imidazo[1.2-a]imidazol-2-yl]-quinoline
• HPLC t R 2.11 min, LCMS 326.3 (M+l).
• Example 15 l-Methyl- ⁇ -rS-r ⁇ -methyl-pyridin ⁇ -yD-imidazori ⁇ -alpyrimidin ⁇ -yn-lH-benzotriazole
• HPLC t R 2.60 min, LCMS 342.3 (M+l).
• Example 18 6-r2-Methyl-6-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazor2 -blthiazol-5-yll-quinoline
• HPLC t R 1.90 min, LCMS 357.3 (M+l).
• Example 19 6- 7-Methyl-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo 2-a]pyrimidin-3-yll-quinoline
• HPLC t R 1.80 min, LCMS 352.4 (M+l).
• Example 21 6-[7-Methyl-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-6-nitro-imidazo L2-alpyridin-3-yll- quinoline
• HPLC t R 2.90 min, LCMS 396.3 (M+l).
• Example 22 l-Methyl-6-[2-r6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo[ " L2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-lH- benzotriazole
• HPLC t R 1.60 min, LCMS 342.4 (M+l).
• Example 23 l-Methyl-6-r6-( , 6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylVimidazor2,l-blthiazol-5-yll-lH- benzotriazole
• HPLC t R 1.80 min, LCMS 347.3 (M+l).
• Example 24 l-Methyl-6-r6-f6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylVimidazor2.1-b1fL3,41thiadiazol-5-vn-lH- benzotriazole
• HPLC t R 1.90 min, LCMS 348.3 (M+l).
• Example 29 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl -3-quinolin-6-yl-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ol
• HPLC t R 1.31 min, LCMS 354.4 (M+l).
• Example 30 l-Methyl-6- 6-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-2-methylsulfanyl- imidazo[2,l-bl[ 3,4]thiadiazol-5-yll-lH-benzotriazole
• HPLC t R 2.26 min, LCMS 394.3 (M+l).
• Example 34 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-viy3-pwidin-4-yl-imidazo
• " 1.2-a]pyridine The title compound was prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5. HPLC t R 1.26 min, LCMS 287.4 (M+l).
• Example 37 3-Benzothiazol-6-yl-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[ 2-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine
• the title compound was prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• HPLC t R 1.80 min, LCMS 359.4 (M+l).
• Example 38 1 -Methyl-6-f 6-(6-cvcloprop yl- ⁇ yridin-2-yl -imidazof 2, 1 -b] [ 1.3.41 thiadiazol-
• the reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate (75 mL). The phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (35 mL), dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and concentrated to afford 3.33 g (18.0 mmol, 84 %) of the desired product as a white solid.
• Step C Preparation of 2-Cvclopropyl-6-(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl pyridine (WO2003087304)
• the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and saturated aqueous NH 4 C1 (50 mL). The phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 , adsorbed onto silica gel and purified on a Biotage 40S column with SIM using 10% ethyl acetate in hexane as the eluent to afford 538.2 mg (2.82 mmol, 93%) ofthe desired product as a bright yellow liquid.
• the phases were separated.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with CHC1 3 (10 mL).
• Step E Preparation of l-Methyl-6-[6-f6-cvclopropyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[2,l- bl[l,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]-lH-benzotriazole
• Example 39 6-[ " 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-ylVimidazo 2-a]pyrimidin-3-vn-quinoxaline The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 40
• Example 44 2-r2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo 2-alpyrimidin-3-yll-rL5]naphthyridine The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 45 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-
• Example 46 2-[6-f6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[2 -b]thiazol-5-yll-rL51naphthyridine The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 47 2-[6-f6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[2 -b]thiazol-5-yll-rL51naphthyridine The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 49 3-(2,3-Dimethyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl -2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- imidazof 1 ,2-alpyrimidine
• the title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 50 3-(2,3-Dimethyl-3a,7a-dihvdro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl -2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- imidazol " 1.2-alpyrimidin-7-ylamine
• the title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 51 1 ,2-Dimethyl-6-r6-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo 2, 1 -b " lthiazol-5-yl]-3a,7a- dihydro- 1 H-benzoimidazole
• the title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 52 1.2-Dimethyl-6-r6-f6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylVimidazor2,l-biri.3.41thiadiazol-5-yll-
• Example 53 L2-Dimethyl-6-r2-('6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -imidazo[1.2-a]pyridin-3-yl "
• -lH- benzoimidazole The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 59 The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Example 59 The title compound is prepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example 5.
• Step A Preparation of 6,N2-dimethyl-pyridine-2.3-diamine 2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridine (2.5 g, 14.5 mmol) was stirred in 1.0 M solution of methylamine (40 ml, 40 mmol) in methanol at 70°C for 60 min. After activated carbon were added and the resulting mixture was shaken under 40 psi of hydrogen gas at ambient temperature for 30 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and concentrated in vacuum. Chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixture dichloromethane-methanol-38 ) aqueous ammonia (9:1 :0.1) yielded the title compound (1.65 g, 83%>).
• Step B Preparation of 3.5-dimethyl-3H- 1.2.31triazolor4.5-b1pyridine
• Step C Preparation of l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3-methyl-3H- rL2,31triazolo 4.5-b1pyridin-5-yl -ethanone
• Step D Preparation of 2-bromo-l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -2-(3-methyl-3H- 1.2.31triazolo[ " 4.5-b]pyridin-5-yl)-ethanone hydrobromide.
• Step E Preparation of 3-methyl-5- 6-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-imidazo 2 -b1thiazol- 5-yl1-3H-[L2,3]triazolor4,5-b1pyridine
• Step B Preparation of l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl -2-(2-methyl-2H- rL2,31triazolo[4,5-b1pyridin-5-yl)-ethanone

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