EP1491621B2 - Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin-cellulose granulates as disintegrants - Google Patents

Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin-cellulose granulates as disintegrants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1491621B2
EP1491621B2 EP03014785.4A EP03014785A EP1491621B2 EP 1491621 B2 EP1491621 B2 EP 1491621B2 EP 03014785 A EP03014785 A EP 03014785A EP 1491621 B2 EP1491621 B2 EP 1491621B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
parts
cellulose
acid
polymer
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EP03014785.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1491621A1 (en
EP1491621B1 (en
Inventor
René Mol
Robbert De Boer
Sascha Casteel
Jürgen Krichel
Elke Dr. Philippsen-Neu
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Dalli Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Dalli Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT03014785T priority Critical patent/ATE338809T1/en
Priority to EP03014785.4A priority patent/EP1491621B2/en
Priority to DE50304955T priority patent/DE50304955D1/en
Priority to ES03014785.4T priority patent/ES2272854T5/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37Polymers
    • C11D3/3746Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3749Polyolefins; Halogenated polyolefins; Natural or synthetic rubber; Polyarylolefins or halogenated polyarylolefins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073Tablets
    • C11D17/0078Multilayered tablets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073Tablets
    • C11D17/0091Dishwashing tablets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37Polymers
    • C11D3/3746Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C11D3/3761(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to dishwashing detergent tablets which contain a granulate which absorbs water particularly well and forwards it to the interior. In this case, there is an increase in volume, so that this granulate is suitable as a disintegrant for pressed molded articles, in particular from detergent compositions for dishwashers.
  • Machine dishwashing generally consists of a pre-rinse cycle, one or more intermediate rinses, a rinse cycle and a drying cycle. This applies in principle to mechanical washing both in households, as well as in the commercial sector.
  • the detergents used for machine washing of dishes can be liquid, powdery, pasty or tablet-shaped.
  • the use of tablets is becoming increasingly popular because of the ease of handling and metering. There are already described several manufacturing processes are obtained by the tablets with temporally influenced dissolution behavior. Such tablets are often no longer filled into the dosing in the door of the machine, but added directly into the engine room, whereby a certain part of the tablets is already dissolved in the pre-wash, thereby chemically supporting the effect of normally addition-free tap water in this rinse phase.
  • DE-A-35 41 145 there are known uniformly composed alkaline dishwashing detergent tablets which have a broad solubility profile. These contain a mixture of Natriummetasilikatnonahydrat and anhydrous metasilicate and anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and other ingredients.
  • DE-A-41 21 307 are stable, bifunctional, phosphate and metasilikatschreib low-alkaline detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing known, the builders are partially used in anhydrous form and sprayed in the production with water, which causes the desired solubility profile and a very good compressibility.
  • the solubility of the individual constituents or constituent mixtures is in EP-A-750 662 in that they are added to these hydrophobizing agents with different boiling and melting points.
  • the pulverulent and / or crystalline constituents which contain no free water and no hydrated salts are coated alone or together with other readily soluble pulverulent or optionally granulated inorganic constituents by spraying on a liquid or liquefied hydrophobicizing compound. After addition of other components, the batch is compressed into tablets.
  • DE-A-19 502 774 describes fracture-stable, easily soluble tablets obtained by the addition of sodium hypophosphate with high phase I content.
  • Disintegrating agents for tablets or granules are auxiliaries which positively influence the disintegration of tablets or of the granules on contact with liquids, in particular water. In this case, both the disintegration of tablets in coarse parts and subsequently a disintegration into smaller particles is to be effected and accelerated.
  • inorganic and organic substances As a disintegrating agent for tablets, a variety of inorganic and organic substances are known, for example, inorganic substances such as bentonites, persalts, acetates, alkali carbonates / bicarbonates and citric acid.
  • organic compounds include starch, modified starch and starch degradation products, cellulose, cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, gelatin and pectins.
  • disintegrants are citric acid or citrates, bicarbonates and carbonates, bisulfate and percarbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, sorbitol or swellable phyllosilicates. called by the type of bentonite or smectite.
  • the disintegrants are used in amounts of 1 to 25 wt.% As a single raw material or as a compound.
  • tablet disintegrants are incorporated into the tablet and preferably into the outer solid shell of the tablet.
  • combinations of soluble acids and alkali carbonates are used.
  • Other possible explosives can " Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1986 ). Examples include starch (modified starch sodium starch gluconate), gum (agar, guar, and others), cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, silica, clay, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides, and ion exchange resins.
  • the EP 1 043 388 describes dishwashing detergent tablets containing disintegrant granules comprising cellulose and polymers / copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid.
  • the object of the invention is to provide compressed molded articles of washing and cleaning formulations, in particular for machine dishwashing detergents, which contain a particularly effective disintegrating agent, so that they disintegrate quickly and effectively both in the metering chamber, as well as in the cutlery basket of the Geschirrutzs.
  • phosphate-containing or phosphate-free dishwasher cleaning tablets characterized in that in addition to conventional constituents in at least one phase as a disintegrating agent is a compacted granules containing at least one polymer comprising ⁇ -olefins as monomeric units, wherein the polymer a copolymer of ⁇ -olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, especially maleic acid.
  • the disintegrant contains a combination of such a polymer with water-swellable cellulose and / or cellulose derivatives, or cellulose-containing material, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of ⁇ -olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, in particular maleic acid.
  • the water-swellable cellulose is used in the form of cellulose fibers or microcrystalline cellulose, wherein the supermolecular structural elements may take the form of fibrils in the longitudinal direction of which crystalline and amorphous regions may alternate. Fibrils of native cellulose having a maximum length of 300 ⁇ m have proven particularly suitable. Both microcrystalline and amorphous cellulose (derivatives) and mixtures thereof can be used.
  • Cellulosic material should be one in which cellulose is at least predominantly chemically unchanged. As cellulosic material is primarily TMP (Thermo Mechanical Pulp) and CTMP (Chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp) into consideration. There are two types of so-called wood pulp. In the TMP process wood chips are fiberized under pressure of steam at about 130 ° C in pressure refiner to TMP. When using chemicals in wood chip damping, CTMP (see Römpp Chemie-Lexikon 9th Edition (1995), page 3207 Keyword "paper”). The cellulose-containing material is preferably used with particle sizes of from 20 to 200 .mu.m, more preferably from 40 to 60 .mu.m (before compaction).
  • cellulose is used in purified form (commercial cellulose), this preferably has bulk densities of from 40 g / l to 350 g / l, very particularly preferably from 65 g / l to 170 g / l. If already granulated types are used, their bulk density is higher and can be from 350 g / l to 550 g / l.
  • the bulk densities of the cellulose derivatives may be in the range of 50 g / l to 1000 g / l, preferably in the range of 100 g / l and 800 g / l.
  • the particle size of the cellulose can be between 30 .mu.m and 400 .mu.m, in the case of granulated types, the average particle size is between 350 .mu.m and 800 .mu.m.
  • the particle size of the cellulose derivatives or of the cellulose-containing materials can be between 30 ⁇ m and 3000 ⁇ m.
  • the polymer used for the disintegrant is a copolymer which may comprise units of at least one ⁇ -olefin of any type, e.g. Olefins having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the double bond (s) may be represented at any position.
  • the disintegrating agent according to the invention is a copolymer of an ⁇ -olefin and a cis-bifunctional acid, more preferably maleic acid.
  • the salt formation is preferably carried out with cations of alkali, ammonia and amines, or mixtures thereof.
  • a particularly preferred disintegrant comprises a maleic-olefin copolymer available in the form of its Na salt under the trade name Sokalan® CP9 from BASF, Germany.
  • Sokalan® CP9 has hitherto only been known as a dispersant for organic and inorganic solids in aqueous and aqueous-organic media, in liquid form. The use as granules and the use as a disintegrant is not yet described.
  • the particle size of the polymer / copolymer used in the granules should preferably not exceed 800 .mu.m, since the particles can otherwise settle visibly on the dishes.
  • the disintegrating agent may consist entirely of said polymer, or it may be a mixture of such a polymer with cellulose (derivatives) or cellulose-containing material.
  • the proportion of cellulose (derivatives) or of the cellulose-containing material in the disintegrant granulate can be from 50 to 99% by weight, preferably from 70 to 97% and particularly preferably from 80 to 95% by weight.
  • the proportion of the polymer can be from 50 to 1% by weight, preferably from 30 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 5% by weight, of the disintegrant granulate.
  • regenerated celluloses such as viscose may also be used.
  • cellulose ethers Due to their water-absorbing capacity, water-swellable cellulose derivatives such as cellulose ethers and cellulose esters and mixed modifications thereof are also useful. Suitable cellulose ethers are, for example, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as modified carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the granules may contain water-swellable cellulose derivatives and starch or starch derivatives and other swellable polysaccharides and polygalactomannans, for example ionically modified celluloses and starches such as carboxymethyl modified cellulose and starch, nonionic modified celluloses and starches such as alkoxylated celluloses and starches such as hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl starch or hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose and alkyletherethererte products such as methylcellulose and mixed modified celluloses and starches from the aforementioned modifications, which leads to crosslinking.
  • ionically modified celluloses and starches such as carboxymethyl modified cellulose and starch
  • nonionic modified celluloses and starches such as alkoxylated celluloses and starches such as hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl starch or hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose and alkyletherethererte products
  • Suitable starches are also cold-swelling starches which are formed by mechanical or degrading reactions on the starch grain. These include, above all, swelling powders from extruder and drum dryer processes as well as enzymatically, oxidatively or acid-degrading modified products. Chemically derivatized starches preferably contain substituents attached to the polysaccharide chains in sufficient numbers by ester and ether groups.
  • Pure cellulose and cellulose derivatives may also be used together with other modified water-swellable polysaccharide derivatives, e.g. Starch and / or starch derivatives may be present in the granules to be used according to the invention.
  • modified water-swellable polysaccharide derivatives e.g. Starch and / or starch derivatives may be present in the granules to be used according to the invention.
  • Starches modified with ionic substituents such as carboxylate, hydroxyalkyl or phosphate groups have been found to be particularly advantageous. To improve the swelling behavior, the use of easily cross-linked starches has proven itself. Also alkaline treated starches can be used because of their good cold water swellability.
  • the combination of cellulose with cellulose derivatives and / or starch and / or starch derivatives has proven itself.
  • the proportions can vary within wide limits, based on the combination, the proportion of cellulose derivatives and / or starch and / or starch derivatives preferably 0.1 to 85 wt.%, Particularly preferably 5 to 50 wt.%.
  • the disintegrant granules may also comprise other types of polymers, such as e.g. finely divided and / or aqueous solutions of soluble polymers of (meth) acrylic acid or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof or mixtures of such polymers or copolymers or salts thereof with high water absorption capacity.
  • polymers such as e.g. finely divided and / or aqueous solutions of soluble polymers of (meth) acrylic acid or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof or mixtures of such polymers or copolymers or salts thereof with high water absorption capacity.
  • Suitable are linear polymers of (meth) acrylic acid, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof having weight average molecular weights of 5,000 to 70,000 and crosslinked polymers of (meth) acrylic acid, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof having weight average molecular weights of 1,000 .000 to 5,000,000 can be viewed.
  • the copolymers are preferably copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and maleic acid or maleic anhydride, which contain, for example, 40 to 90% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid and 60 to 10% by weight of maleic acid or maleic anhydride, their relative molar mass, based on free Acids, between 3,000 and 100,000, preferably 3,000 to 70,000 and most preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
  • ter- and quattropolymere polycarboxylates may be contained, prepared from (meth) acrylic acid.
  • the polymers are preferably used in the preparation of the granules in the form of their aqueous solutions, but can also be used in the form of finely divided powders.
  • the polymers / copolymers used according to the invention can be incorporated particularly well into the granules if they are at most 800 ⁇ m in size.
  • Suitable co-binders which simultaneously have a surfactant character are so-called polymer surfactants. These are understood to mean reaction products which, in addition to the typical polymer structures of the abovementioned polymers, have additional structural elements which unfold a surfactant effect. Examples of these are graft polymers with alkoxylated fatty alcohol or carboxylate-containing polymers with methoxyalkylene oxide monomer units, furthermore maleic acid / vinyl ethers / longer-chain fatty amine copolymers and also hemiamides of maleic acid copolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid with long-chain acrylates. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric surfactants contain alkylene oxide units.
  • the polymer surfactants can also be incorporated alone, ie without a polymeric binder component and without a surfactant component, into the disintegrant granules.
  • the polymer surfactants will be present in the disintegrant granules with a proportion of up to 30% by weight, as sole component with 1 to 40% by weight, preferably with 5 to 20% by weight.
  • a "mixed granulate” the polymers / copolymers containing ⁇ -olefins as monomeric units and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, for example ⁇ -olefins and maleic acid, or salts thereof with cellulose (derivatives), or cellulose-containing material and optionally further modified water-swellable polysaccharide derivatives in the granules combined, wherein the weight ratio (cellulose (derivative) / cellulosic material: polymer) of 50: 1 to 1: 1, preferably from 20: 1 to 5: 1, most preferably is a weight ratio of 12: 1 to 8: 1.
  • the polymers / copolymers or salts thereof together with cellulose (derivatives) or the cellulose-containing material are predispersed in water, wet granulated and then dried.
  • the wet granulation and the subsequent evaporation gives the granules a porous structure in which the polymer / copolymer or its salt is attached to the surface of the cellulose, of the cellulose derivative or of the cellulose-containing material.
  • the granules are preferably dried to a residual water content of 1 to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the granules.
  • the porous structure gives a particularly favorable absorption capacity for liquids, in the case of water with rapid volume increase.
  • the disintegrant granules to be used according to the invention are initially produced by mixing the granule constituents to be used according to the invention with customary mixing processes. For example, mixers from Vomm, Lödige, Schugi, Eirich, Henschel or Fukae can be used.
  • precompounds are produced by agglomeration processes. These precompounds form a free-flowing product which has a water content of between 10 and 80% by weight.
  • the required water content in the premix depends on the compressor used.
  • a water content of at least 10% by weight, preferably 20% by weight, is required in order to achieve good compaction. and to guarantee a high liquid absorption in the later dry granulate.
  • these precompounds are mechanically compacted.
  • the final compaction is essential.
  • the compression using pressure can be done in various ways.
  • the products can be placed between two pressure surfaces in roller compactors, e.g. smooth or profiled, compacted.
  • the output of the Kompaktats takes place as a strand.
  • Densification methods in dies with punches or pillow rolls result in copactate forms such as tablets or briquettes.
  • Roller compactors, extruders, roller or die presses, but also granulation presses can be used as compacting machines.
  • pelleting presses Compaction with pelleting presses has proved particularly suitable, granules being obtained by suitable process control which can be dried without further comminution.
  • suitable pelleting presses are e.g. produced by the companies Amandus Kahl and Fitzpatrick.
  • conventional dryers such as e.g. Drum dryers (temperatures, for example, from 95 to 120 ° C) or fluidized bed dryers (temperatures, for example, from 70 to 100 ° C).
  • the coarse, compacted particles are comminuted, e.g. Mills, shredders or roller mills are suitable.
  • the comminution can be carried out before or after drying.
  • the granules are adjusted to a particle size distribution of 0.05 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the removal of dust particles below 0.1 mm may e.g. be carried out with conventional screening devices.
  • any other conventional method may also be used, e.g. the spraying in the spray granulation in a fluidized bed, but for the swelling and water absorption behavior of the disintegrant granules according to the invention, but the wet granulation and subsequent drying has been found to be particularly suitable.
  • the polymer used is "frozen” by the granulation and drying process in a particular three-dimensional "cocked” configuration. Upon contact with water, the "frozen” configuration is changed very quickly in favor of another configuration in which the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the polymer align in the water to bring the polymer into an energetically favorable state. The blasting effect is thus based on a configuration change of the polymer used.
  • the configuration change is particularly pronounced if the granules used as disintegrants consist entirely of a polymer containing at least one ⁇ -olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid.
  • granules are obtained by the wet granulation and the subsequent drying of cellulose / cellulose derivatives predispersed in water together with the polymer / copolymer, or the cellulose-containing material and / or starch / starch derivatives, which also has a high explosive effect.
  • the Efficiency is presumably achieved by the capillary action of the pores and the rapid penetration of the granules with water.
  • Shaped bodies of various compositions of cleaning formulations. containing such granules according to the invention are rapidly and effectively blasted when used in dosing or direct addition in baskets of domestic or commercial dishwashers.
  • the disintegrant granules to be used according to the invention have bulk densities of from 80 g / l to 800 g / l, preferably from 100 g / l to 500 g / l, very particularly preferably from 250 g / l to 400 g / l, and are in the layer (s) (s) / range (s) of the molded articles in which they are present in amounts of from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight and more preferably from 3 to 6% by weight.
  • the granules on contact with water this increases rapidly under volume and is therefore suitable as a disintegrant for pressed moldings, so that they rapidly disintegrate in water.
  • Such moldings must have sufficient stability and strength to allow handling, packaging and storage, but should disintegrate rapidly on contact with water, so that the ingredients can develop the desired effect.
  • the invention relates to compressed molded articles, for example tablets, cubes, cuboids, spheres and the like, in which a compacted, porous granules are contained as disintegrating agents.
  • the shaped articles can consist of any type of composition which can be broken up into their individual parts, in particular of detergent compositions.
  • Moldings of detergent formulations for dishwashers in tablet, bar or cube form are particularly preferred.
  • the detergent tablets may be pressed from only one detergent composition (single-phase tablets), or they may consist of several phases, layers or regions, e.g. two- or three-phase molded bodies (e.g., "3 in 1").
  • individual components of the cleaning agent can be separated from each other, so that they are provided at different times during the cleaning process.
  • An example of this is the separation of the cleaning, the salt function and the rinse aid function into individual regions of the molding used.
  • the spatial form of the moldings can be adapted in their dimensions of the dispensing compartment of the dishwasher, but all reasonable manageable shapes can be designed. These include e.g. also cylindrical embodiments with an oval or circular cross-section and shaped body with a plate or panel-like structure.
  • a preferred shaped body consists of alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of such a bar at predetermined breaking points, which are represented by the short thin segments, broken and can be entered into the metering chamber or the cutlery basket of the machine. This principle of the bar-shaped shaped body can also be realized in other geometric polygonal shapes.
  • a tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of from 5 to 120 g, particularly preferably from 10 to 30 g, with diameters of from 20 to 50 mm being preferred.
  • Detergent tablets for different purposes, especially for dishwashers are basically known.
  • Such detergent formulations formed as shaped articles generally comprise builders, bleaching agents and bleach activators, surfactants, tableting aids, disintegrants and other customary additives and auxiliaries.
  • the composition of the cleaning agent which is present as a molded body, not decisive, as long as it is a composition which is suitable as a cleaning agent, especially for use in a dishwasher.
  • Any conventional moldable composition suitable for this purpose may be mixed with the disintegrant granules of the present invention and compressed.
  • the compositions described below are merely preferred embodiments of the detergent compositions without the granules being useful only in such compositions.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is a phosphate-containing dishwashing detergent tablet containing: 10 to 75 parts by weight.
  • Polyphosphate (s) 60 to 0 parts by weight. other inorganic builders, 20 to 0 parts by weight. organic builders, 7 to 20 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 10 to 1 parts by weight.
  • Bleach activator (s) 0 to 16 parts by weight.
  • Surfactant (s) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight.
  • a phosphate-free dishwashing detergent tablet comprising: 0 to 50 parts by weight. Citrate (s) / citric acid, 36 to 0 parts by weight. Silicate, 32 to 0 parts by weight Na carbonate, 0 to 20 parts by weight. bicarbonate, 10 to 0 parts by weight. polymeric organic builders, 4 to 18 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 8.8 to 1 part by weight. Bleach activator (s), 0.2 to 16 parts by weight. Surfactant (s), 10 to 0.1 parts by weight. Disintegrator granules, 1 to 5 parts by weight other, customary auxiliaries and additives.
  • both mono-, as well as double or triple tablets are preferred.
  • the disintegrant may be included in all layers / phases of the cleaning tablet, but is preferably contained in only one or two (in the presence of multiple layers / phases) layers / phases. This is preferred to dissolve a first layer / phase containing rapidly acting ingredients in the rinse water in a short time and to provide the ingredients therewith, while another layer / phase containing ingredients will be at a later time the rinsing process to be used, slower dissolves, since it contains no or a "slower" disintegrant.
  • Suitable builders in the detergent composition are all customary and known builders, in particular polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates or phosphonates, sheet silicates, amorphous silicates, amorphous disilicates and zeolites, and fillers such as sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, citrate and citric acid, Succinic, tartaric and malic acid.
  • co-builders and dispersants are used as auxiliary builder.
  • Such co-builders or dispersants may be, inter alia, polyacrylic acids or copolymers with polyacrylic acid and its sodium salts.
  • Typical bleaching agents are, for example, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, and H 2 O 2 -forming peracidic salts, peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxyphthalates, diperazelaic acid and diperdodecanedioic acids.
  • peracids such as perbenzoates, peroxyphthalates, diperazelaic acid and diperdodecanedioic acids.
  • bleaching agents or bleach systems may also be present in the composition.
  • suitable peroxygen compounds are in particular hydrogen peroxide and under the washing conditions hydrogen peroxide donating inorganic salts to which alkali metal perborates such.
  • Sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate further include alkali metal carbonate perhydrates such as sodium carbonate perhydrate ("sodium percarbonate”) and persilicates and / or persulfates such as caroate.
  • the bleach system of the detergent formulation may contain inorganic or organic peracids, especially percarboxylic acids, e.g. B.
  • acids which can be used are peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, linear or branched octane, nonane, decane or dodecane monoperacids, decane and dodecane diperacids, mono- and diperphthalic acids, isophthalic and terephthalic acids, phthalimidopercaproic acid, terephthaloyldiamidopercaproic acid and e-phthalimido peroxohexanoic acid (PAP).
  • peracetic acid perbenzoic acid
  • linear or branched octane nonane
  • decane or dodecane monoperacids
  • decane and dodecane diperacids mono- and diperphthalic acids
  • isophthalic and terephthalic acids phthalimidopercaproic acid
  • terephthaloyldiamidopercaproic acid e-phthalimido peroxohexanoic acid (PAP).
  • percarboxylic acids can be used as free acids or as salts of the acids, preferably alkali or alkaline earth metal salts.
  • solid peroxygen compounds are to be used, they can be used in the form of powders or granules, which can also be enveloped in a manner known in principle.
  • a particularly preferably used peracid is the peracid available under the trade name Eureco® (Ausimont, Italy).
  • Peroxygen compounds are present in amounts of preferably up to 50% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 30% and most preferably from 8% to 25% by weight.
  • bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates, borates or metaborates and metasilicates and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be useful.
  • the content of bleaching agents in tablets is preferably 5-60% by weight and especially 7-20% by weight.
  • bleach catalysts usually quaternized imines or sulfonimines are used, as described for example in US-A-5,360,568 . US-A-5,360,569 and EP-A-453 003 are described, as well as manganese complexes, such as those in WO-A 94/21777 are described. Further usable metal-containing bleach catalysts are in EP-A-458,397 . EP-A-458,398 and EP-A-549 272 described. Bleach catalysts are generally used in amounts of up to 1 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the detergent formulation.
  • Suitable bleach activators are the H 2 O 2 organic peracids forming N-acyl and O-acyl compounds, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, carboxylic anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate. Further, acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol may be used. Particularly suitable as bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,2,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol-mannitol. Mixtures (SORMAN).
  • compounds of the substance classes of polyacylated sugar or sugar derivatives with C 1 -C 10 -acyl radicals can be used, preferably with acetyl, propionyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl or benzoyl radicals, in particular acetyl radicals.
  • Suitable sugars or sugar derivatives are mono- or disaccharides and their reduced or oxidized derivatives, preferably glucose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, xylose or lactose.
  • bleach activators of this class of substances are, for example, pentaacetylglucose, xylose tetraacetate, 1-benzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose and 1-octanoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose.
  • O-Acyloximester such as O-acetylactone oxime, O-benzoylacetone oxime, bis (propylimino) carbonate or bis (cyclohexylimino) carbonate.
  • acylated oximes and oxime esters are described for example in US Pat EP-A-028432 and the EP-A-267 046 ,
  • N-acyl caprolactams such as N-acetyl caprolactam, N-benzoyl caprolactam, N-octanoyl caprolactam, N-octanoyl caprolactam, or carbonyl biscaprolactam.
  • bleach activators are 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-ones, as described, for example, in US Pat EP-B-332 294 and the EP-B-502 013 are described.
  • 2-phenyl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-one and 2-methyl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-one are useful.
  • bleach activators from the classes of N- or O-acyl compounds for example polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine, acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, hydrotriazines, urazoles, diketopiperazines, sulfurylamides and cyanurates, also carboxylic acid anhydrides , in particular phthalic anhydride, carboxylic acid esters, in particular sodium nonanoyloxy-benzenesulfonate, sodium isononanoyloxy-benzenesulfonate and acylated sugar derivatives, such as pentaacetyl-glucose are used.
  • polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • acylated glycolurils in particular tetra
  • a preferred bleach activator is a quaternized glycine nitrile from the group consisting of N-methylmorpholinium acetonitrile methyl sulfate, sulfate and hydrogen sulfate.
  • bleach system (bleach and bleach activators), all those in the DE 199 59 589 A1 be mentioned bleaches and activators.
  • bleach systems described in European Patent Application EP 02 028 958.3 called are used.
  • the different constituents of the detergent composition are contained in different phases / layers / regions of the moldings.
  • a Ingredient to be provided late in the cleaning process is located in a phase / layer / area in which no disintegrant is contained.
  • the cleaning agents may also contain one or more surfactants (s) from the group of nonionic, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
  • nonionic surfactants in the detergent composition only in small amounts, preferably below about 16% by weight, more preferably in ranges of from 0 to 8% by weight of the detergent, or in the detergent phase, which preferably contains the disintegrant.
  • Detergents come from the groups of surfactants, enzymes, corrosion inhibitors and dyes and fragrances. These substances are described below.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I) wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
  • R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyaryl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred and [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • the automatic dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention comprise nonionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • detergent tablets according to the invention which contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature.
  • preferred detergent tablets are characterized in that they contain as ingredient c) nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and in particular between 26, 6 and 43.3 ° C included.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If high-viscosity nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols, and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
  • Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
  • the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
  • a particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is selected from a straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16 -C 20 -alcohol), preferably a C 18 -alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 25 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • C 16 -C 20 -alcohol straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
  • C 18 -alcohol preferably a C 18 -alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 25 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.
  • the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, particularly preferably 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
  • Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
  • the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
  • nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
  • Nonionic surfactants which may be used with particular preference are available, for example, under the name Poly Tergent® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
  • Further preferred detergent tablets according to the invention contain nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y [CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ], in which R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15 ,
  • nonionic surfactants which may be used are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2 X is butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
  • R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x is 2.
  • the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
  • the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
  • Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
  • Suitable enzymes in the detergent tablets according to the invention are, in particular, those from the classes of hydrolases, such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of said enzymes. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, fatty or starchy stains. For bleaching and oxidoreductases can be used. Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, Coprinus cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as from their genetically modified variants obtained enzymatic agents.
  • hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of said enzymes. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, fatty or starchy stains.
  • subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used.
  • enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or Mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest.
  • lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases.
  • Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases.
  • Suitable amylases include in particular ⁇ -amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
  • the enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers or embedded in encapsulants to protect against premature degradation.
  • the proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5 wt .-% amount.
  • preferred detergent tablets are characterized in that they contain protease and / or amylase.
  • detergent moldings are preferred in which the enzyme (s) is / are not contained in one phase together with the bleach-enhancing active ingredient combination.
  • Detergent tablets characterized in that at least one phase contains bleach while at least one other phase contains enzymes are also preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the detergents according to the invention may contain corrosion inhibitors for protecting the items to be washed or the machine, with silver protectants in particular being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, especially silver protectants can be selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes are used. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface.
  • chlorine-free cleaners are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also, zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
  • organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
  • zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
  • detergent tablets contain corrosion inhibitors, they are preferably separated from the bleaching agents. Accordingly, detergent tablets in which at least one phase contains bleach while at least one other phase contains corrosion inhibitors are preferred.
  • Preferred anionic surfactants are the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C8 to C18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty acids, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below).
  • alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • Preferred anionic surfactant mixtures contain combinations of alk (en) ylsulfates, in particular mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty alk (en) ylsulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters and / or ⁇ -sulfofatty acid esters.
  • mixtures are preferred here which contain as anionic surfactants alk (en) ylsulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates, alk (en) ylsulfates and ⁇ -sulfofatty acid methyl esters and / or sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • anionic surfactants are in particular soaps, preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt.% Into consideration. Suitable examples are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. Particularly preferred are those soap mixtures which are composed of 50 to 100% by weight of saturated C 12 -C 24 fatty acid soaps and 0 to 50% by weight of oleic acid soap.
  • the anionic surfactants and soaps can be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of their sodium salts.
  • inorganic salts which react alkaline in water.
  • These inorganic alkaline salts include in particular bicarbonates, carbonates or mixtures thereof.
  • alkali metal carbonate and especially sodium carbonate are used.
  • Examples of other customary additives and auxiliaries are enzymes, magnesium silicates, aluminum aluminates, benzotriazole, glycerol, magnesium stearate, polyalkylene glycols, hexametaphosphate and phosphonates.
  • Another component of the detergent composition are substances which have an anti-corrosion effect on glass. Glass corrosion protection is also already achieved through the use of the polymer used for the disintegrant, since such a polymer lays a thin film over the glass which protects the glass from corrosion, but other well-known anti-corrosive agents can also be used. Examples of these are metal oxides, such as oxides of zinc, aluminum, tin, magnesium, calcium, strontium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, manganese and lanthanum, or insoluble inorganic zinc compounds, as described in the EP 0 383 482 or zinc or magnesium salts of organic compounds, as described in the DE 101 40 535 are described.
  • colorants and fragrances may be added to the automatic dishwashing compositions according to the invention in tablet form in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer with a visual and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product in addition to the performance.
  • perfume oils or perfumes individual fragrance compounds, eg.
  • ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons are used as the synthetic products of the ester type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
  • the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether to the aldehydes z. B.
  • the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones z.
  • the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and termpineol; the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
  • mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
  • perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from vegetable sources, e.g.
  • Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil are also suitable.
  • the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the moldings of the invention, but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances on carriers.
  • carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.
  • An incorporation of the fragrances as ingredient d) in the detergent components of the invention is possible and leads to a fragrance impression when opening the machine.
  • the agents according to the invention can be dyed with suitable dyes.
  • Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and against light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the agents such as glass, ceramic or plastic dishes, not to stain them.
  • the coloring of individual phases for optical differentiation is preferred.
  • the tablets mentioned in the examples can be used as mono-, double- and triple-phase tablets.
  • the individual constituents can be distributed in different regions / phases of the shaped bodies.
  • Table 1 Examples of compositions of phosphate-containing dishwashing tablets (all amounts in parts by weight).
  • formulation 1 2 3 4 Component: Na tripolyphosphate 35,00 45,00 18,00 60,00 Na carbonate 30.00 20.00 10.00 - Na-bicarbonate - - 10.00 - silicate 4.00 10.00 5.00 - citrate - 5.00 10.00 - Na-percarbonate or Na-perborate 15.00 8.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 TAED 4.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 nonionic surfactant 2.00 1.00 5.00 2.00 phosphonate 1.00 0.50 2.00 1.00 Acrylate-maleate copolymer 1.00 - 5.00 3.00 enzymes 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 Polyethylene glycol 1,500 - 10,000 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 Perfume 0.50 0.05 2.00 1.00 explosives 3.50 1.45 7.00 7.00
  • Table 2 Examples of compositions of phosphate-free dishwasher tablets (all amounts in parts by weight).
  • formulation 5 6 7 Component: Na carbonate 30.00 15.00 - Na-bicarbonate - - 5.00 silicate 4.00 15.00 30.00 citrate 35,00 50,00 20.00 Na-percarbonate or Na-perborate 15.00 8.00 18,00 TAED 4.00 5.00 2.00 nonionic surfactant 2.00 1.00 5.00 phosphonate 1.00 0.50 2.00 Acrylate-maleate copolymer 1.00 - 5.00 enzymes 2.00 1.00 3.00 Polyethylene glycol 1,500 - 10,000 2.00 3.00 1.00 Perfume 0.50 0.05 2.00 explosives 3.50 1.45 7.00
  • Basic formulation used for a detergent composition ingredient % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 37 sodium 40 TAED 12 Enzymes (granules) 6 glycerin 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 2 perfume oil 0.05 Alkoxylated (EO / PO) fatty alcohol 1.75 100
  • Nilyl XL 16 is a commercially available cellulose-based disintegrant available from FMC corporation USA.
  • Supercel is the disintegrant described herein according to the invention containing cellulose and an ⁇ -olefin-maleic acid copolymer (Sokalan CP9) in the form of a "mixed granulate"
  • a disintegrant comprising a polymer containing at least one alpha-olefin "(Supercel) disintegrates a dishwashing detergent composition pressed into a tablet much faster than previously available disintegrants even at a low concentration.
  • Basic formulation used for a detergent composition ingredient % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 50 sodium 30.75 Enzymes (granules) 10 Polyethylene glycol MW 200 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 1 perfume oil 0.05 Alkoxylated (EO / PO) fatty alcohol 1 94
  • a 3-phase tablet is prepared, in which one phase of the detergent composition corresponded, as stated above. This phase represented 20% of the total tablet.
  • the total weight of the 3-phase tablet was 20 g.
  • the disintegration time of the disintegrant-containing phase after storage was determined. The results are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 5 Disintegration times of the phases containing the disintegrant in seconds
  • a disintegrating agent (Supercel) according to the invention not only shows a significantly better explosive effect immediately after pressing the tablet than a cellulosic disintegrant available on the market, but still exhibits this better explosive effect even after prolonged storage ,
  • Example 4 To the detergent composition of Example 4 is added as disintegrant once 6% w / w Supercel, once 6% w / w Supercel + 2% w / w Sokalan CP 9 in granular form ("CP 9 granules"). Three-phase tablets are compressed as in Example 4, one of the phases consisting of these detergent compositions. This phase accounts for 20% of a 20 g tablet. Again, the decay time of this phase is in Water determined after storage. The results are shown in Table 6.
  • Table 6 Disintegration times of the disintegrant-containing phase after storage in seconds
  • Table 6 Age of the tablet explosives Supercel Supercel + CP 9 granules 1 day 57 sec 37 sec 4 weeks 56 sec 48 sec 8 weeks 152 sec 94 sec
  • detergent compositions were prepared: Formulation A Formulation B ingredient % w / w % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 74.75 78.25 Enzymes (granules) 11 12 Polyethylene glycol MW 200 1.2 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 1.5 1.5 perfume oil 0.05 0.05 Alkoxylated (E0 / P0) 1 1 fatty alcohol Phosphonate granules (HEDP) 1 1 Sokalan® CP9 granules 5 5 Nilyn XL 16 4.5 0

Abstract

A phosphate-containing or -free 1-3-phase dishwasher machine cleaning tablet has, in addition to the usual ingredients, a disintegrating agent comprising a granulate containing a polymer including olefin monomer units.

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf Geschirrspülmaschinen-Reinigungstabletten, die ein Granulat enthalten, das besonders gut Wasser aufnimmt und in das Innere weiterleitet. Dabei erfolgt eine Volumenzunahme, so daß dieses Granulat als Sprengmittel für gepreßte Formkörper, insbesondere aus Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen für Geschirrspülmaschinen geeignet ist.The invention is directed to dishwashing detergent tablets which contain a granulate which absorbs water particularly well and forwards it to the interior. In this case, there is an increase in volume, so that this granulate is suitable as a disintegrant for pressed molded articles, in particular from detergent compositions for dishwashers.

Maschinelles Geschirrspülen besteht im Allgemeinen aus einem Vorspülgang, einem oder mehreren Zwischenspülgängen, einem Klarspülgang und einem Trocknungsgang. Dies gilt im Prinzip für das maschinelle Spülen sowohl in Haushalten, wie auch im gewerblichen Bereich.Machine dishwashing generally consists of a pre-rinse cycle, one or more intermediate rinses, a rinse cycle and a drying cycle. This applies in principle to mechanical washing both in households, as well as in the commercial sector.

Die für die maschinelle Reinigung von Geschirr eingesetzten Mittel können flüssig, pulverförmig, pastös oder tablettenförmig sein. Die Anwendung von Tabletten wird wegen der einfachen Handhabbarkeit und Dosierbarkeit immer beliebter. Es sind bereits mehrere Herstellungsverfahren beschrieben, durch die Tabletten mit zeitlich beeinflußbarem Auflöseverhalten erhalten werden. Solche Tabletten werden häufig nicht mehr in die Dosierkästchen in der Türe der Maschinen eingefüllt, sondern direkt in den Maschinenraum gegeben, wodurch ein gewisser Teil der Tabletten bereits im Vorspülgang angelöst wird und dadurch die Wirkung des normalerweise zusatzfreien Leitungswassers in dieser Spülphase chemisch unterstützt.The detergents used for machine washing of dishes can be liquid, powdery, pasty or tablet-shaped. The use of tablets is becoming increasingly popular because of the ease of handling and metering. There are already described several manufacturing processes are obtained by the tablets with temporally influenced dissolution behavior. Such tablets are often no longer filled into the dosing in the door of the machine, but added directly into the engine room, whereby a certain part of the tablets is already dissolved in the pre-wash, thereby chemically supporting the effect of normally addition-free tap water in this rinse phase.

Aus DE-A-35 41 145 sind einheitlich zusammengesetzte alkalische Reinigungstabletten für das Geschirrspülen bekannt, die ein breites Löslichkeitsprofil aufweisen. Diese enthalten ein Gemisch aus Natriummetasilikatnonahydrat und wasserfreiem Metasilikat sowie wasserfreiem Pentanatriumtriphosphat und weiteren Bestandteilen.Out DE-A-35 41 145 there are known uniformly composed alkaline dishwashing detergent tablets which have a broad solubility profile. These contain a mixture of Natriummetasilikatnonahydrat and anhydrous metasilicate and anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and other ingredients.

Aus DE-A-41 21 307 sind stabile, bifunktionelle, phosphat- und metasilikatfreie niederalkalische Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen bekannt, deren Gerüstsubstanzen teilweise in wasserfreier Form eingesetzt und bei der Herstellung mit Wasser besprüht werden, was das gewünschte Löslichkeitsprofil und eine sehr gute Verpreßbarkeit bewirkt.Out DE-A-41 21 307 are stable, bifunctional, phosphate and metasilikatfreie low-alkaline detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing known, the builders are partially used in anhydrous form and sprayed in the production with water, which causes the desired solubility profile and a very good compressibility.

Die Löslichkeit der einzelnen Bestandteile oder Bestandteilsmischungen wird in EP-A-750 662 dadurch variiert, daß diesen hydrophobierende Mittel mit unterschiedlichen Siede- und Schmelzpunkten zugesetzt werden. Hierbei werden die pulverförmigen und/oder kristallinen Bestandteile, die kein freies Wasser und keine hochhydrathaltigen Salze enthalten allein oder zusammen mit anderen gut löslichen pulverförmigen oder gegebenenfalls granulierten anorganischen Bestandteilen durch Aufsprühen einer flüssigen oder verflüssigten hydrophobierenden Verbindung überzögen. Nach Zugabe weiterer Komponenten wird der Ansatz zu Tabletten verpreßt.The solubility of the individual constituents or constituent mixtures is in EP-A-750 662 in that they are added to these hydrophobizing agents with different boiling and melting points. In this case, the pulverulent and / or crystalline constituents which contain no free water and no hydrated salts are coated alone or together with other readily soluble pulverulent or optionally granulated inorganic constituents by spraying on a liquid or liquefied hydrophobicizing compound. After addition of other components, the batch is compressed into tablets.

DE-A-19 502 774 beschreibt bruchstabile, leicht lösliche Tabletten, die durch Zugabe von Natriumpentatriphosphat mit hohem Phase I Gehalt erhalten werden. DE-A-19 502 774 describes fracture-stable, easily soluble tablets obtained by the addition of sodium hypophosphate with high phase I content.

Bei Tabletten, die aus vorgefertigten Compounds gepreßt werden, besteht die Notwendigkeit, den Zerfall in die ursprünglichen Compounds und nachfolgend auch in Einzelbestandteile zu beschleunigen.For tablets pressed from prefabricated compounds, there is a need to accelerate the disintegration into the original compounds and subsequently into individual components.

Bei Tabletten, die aus nicht vorgefertigten Compounds gepreßt werden, entsteht beim Verpressen häufig eine sehr hohe Dichte, die bei Kontakt mit Wasser den gewünschten Zerfall der Tablette verzögert. Dies ist häufig unerwünscht, weil sich Bestandteile dann nur mit Verzögerung lösen.In the case of tablets which are pressed from non-prefabricated compounds, compression often results in a very high density, which, on contact with water, delays the desired disintegration of the tablet. This is often undesirable because components will only dissolve with delay.

Sprengmittel für Tabletten oder Granulate sind Hilfsstoffe, die den Zerfall von Tabletten oder des Granulats bei Kontakt mit Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Wasser positiv beeinflussen. Dabei soll sowohl der Zerfall von Tabletten in grobe Teile als auch nachfolgend ein Zerfall in kleinere Partikel bewirkt und beschleunigt werden.Disintegrating agents for tablets or granules are auxiliaries which positively influence the disintegration of tablets or of the granules on contact with liquids, in particular water. In this case, both the disintegration of tablets in coarse parts and subsequently a disintegration into smaller particles is to be effected and accelerated.

Als Sprengmittel für Tabletten sind eine Vielzahl anorganischer und organischer Substanzen bekannt, zum Beispiel anorganische Stoffe wie Bentonite, auch Persalze, Acetate, Alkalicarbonate/Hydrogencarbonate und Zitronensäure. Zu den bekannten organischen Verbindungen gehören Stärke, modifizierte Stärke und Stärkeabbauprodukte, Cellulose, Celluloseether, wie Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose und Carboxymethylcellulose, Poly(meth)acrylate, Polyvinylpyrrolidon und quervernetztes Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Alginate, Gelatine und Pectine.As a disintegrating agent for tablets, a variety of inorganic and organic substances are known, for example, inorganic substances such as bentonites, persalts, acetates, alkali carbonates / bicarbonates and citric acid. Known organic compounds include starch, modified starch and starch degradation products, cellulose, cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, gelatin and pectins.

In WO 96/06156 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteltabletten beschrieben. Als Sprengmittel werden Citronensäure bzw. Citrate, Bicarbonate und Carbonate, Bisulfat und Percarbonat, mikrokristalline Cellulose, Zucker, Sorbit oder quellfähige Schichtsilikate. von der Art der Bentonite oder Smektite genannt. Die Sprengmittel werden in Mengen von 1 bis 25 Gew.% als Einzelrohstoff oder als Compound eingesetzt.In WO 96/06156 a process for the preparation of detergent tablets is described. As disintegrants are citric acid or citrates, bicarbonates and carbonates, bisulfate and percarbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, sorbitol or swellable phyllosilicates. called by the type of bentonite or smectite. The disintegrants are used in amounts of 1 to 25 wt.% As a single raw material or as a compound.

In EP-A-846 756 werden Tablettensprengmittel in die Tablette und bevorzugt in die äußere feste Hülle der Tablette eingearbeitet. Bevorzugt werden Kombinationen aus löslichen Säuren und Alkalicarbonaten verwendet. Weitere mögliche Sprengmittel können dem " Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1986 ) entnommen werden. Als Beispiele werden genannt: Stärke (modifizierte Stärke Natrium-Stärke-Gluconate), Gummi (Agar, Guar, und andere), Cellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Alginate, Siliziumdioxid, Ton, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polysaccharide und Ionenaustauscherharze.In EP-A-846 756 tablet disintegrants are incorporated into the tablet and preferably into the outer solid shell of the tablet. Preferably, combinations of soluble acids and alkali carbonates are used. Other possible explosives can " Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1986 ). Examples include starch (modified starch sodium starch gluconate), gum (agar, guar, and others), cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, silica, clay, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides, and ion exchange resins.

In den genannten Dokumenten wird besonders die Notwendigkeit der Konfektionierung der Formulierungen hervorgehoben.The above-mentioned documents emphasize in particular the necessity of preparing the formulations.

Die EP 1 043 388 beschreibt Geschirrspülmaschinenreinigungstabletten, die ein Sprengmittelgranulat enthalten, welches Cellulose und Polymere/Copolymere von (Meth)acrylsäure umfasst.The EP 1 043 388 describes dishwashing detergent tablets containing disintegrant granules comprising cellulose and polymers / copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid.

In der Summe zeigt der Stand der Technik eine ausgeprägte Optimierung des Sprengmittels für jeweils ausgewählte Formulierungen. Es werden viele Ansätze zur Optimierung der Zerfallseigenschaften von wasch- und reinigungsaktiven Tabletten vorgeschlagen, jedoch sind die meisten Verbesserungen sehr formulierungs-spezifisch und daher kaum universell anwendbar. Außerdem werden zur Optimierung der Formulierungseigenschaften häufig Materialien eingesetzt, die selbst wenig zur Waschleistung der Formulierungen beitragen.In sum, the prior art shows a pronounced optimization of the disintegrant for each selected formulations. Many approaches to optimize the disintegration properties of detergent tablets are proposed, but most improvements are very formulation-specific and therefore hardly universally applicable. In addition, to optimize the formulation properties often materials are used, which themselves contribute little to the washing performance of the formulations.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, gepreßte Formkörper von Wasch- und Reinigungsformulierungen, insbesondere für maschinelle Geschirreiniger bereitzustellen, die ein besonders effektives Sprengmittel enthalten, so daß sie sowohl in der Dosierkammer, wie auch im Besteckkorb des Geschirreinigers schnell und effektiv zerfallen.The object of the invention is to provide compressed molded articles of washing and cleaning formulations, in particular for machine dishwashing detergents, which contain a particularly effective disintegrating agent, so that they disintegrate quickly and effectively both in the metering chamber, as well as in the cutlery basket of the Geschirreinigers.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch phosphathaltige oder phosphatfreie Geschirrspülmaschinen-Reinigungstabletten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich zu üblichen Bestandteilen in wenigstens einer Phase als Sprengmittel ein verdichtetes Granulat enthalten ist, welches wenigstens ein Polymer enthält, das α-Olefine als monomere Einheiten umfasst, wobei das Polymer ein Copolymer aus α-Olefin- und Einheiten einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure, insbesondere Maleinsäure ist.This object is achieved by phosphate-containing or phosphate-free dishwasher cleaning tablets, characterized in that in addition to conventional constituents in at least one phase as a disintegrating agent is a compacted granules containing at least one polymer comprising α-olefins as monomeric units, wherein the polymer a copolymer of α-olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, especially maleic acid.

In einer Ausführungsform enthält das Sprengmittel eine Kombination eines solchen Polymers mit in Wasser quellbarer Cellulose und/oder Cellulosederivaten, bzw. cellulosehaltigem Material, wobei das Polymer ein Copolymer aus α-Olefin- und Einheiten einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure, insbesondere Maleinsäure ist.In one embodiment, the disintegrant contains a combination of such a polymer with water-swellable cellulose and / or cellulose derivatives, or cellulose-containing material, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of α-olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, in particular maleic acid.

Die in Wasser quellbare Cellulose wird in Form von Cellulosefasern oder mikrokristalliner Cellulose eingesetzt, wobei die übermolekularen Strukturelemente die Form von Fibrillen aufweisen können, in deren Längsrichtung sich kristalline und amorphe Bereiche abwechseln können. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Fibrillen nativer Cellulose mit einer maximalen Länge von 300 µm erwiesen. Es können sowohl mikrokristalline als auch amorphe Cellulose(derivate) und Mischungen derselben verwendet werden.The water-swellable cellulose is used in the form of cellulose fibers or microcrystalline cellulose, wherein the supermolecular structural elements may take the form of fibrils in the longitudinal direction of which crystalline and amorphous regions may alternate. Fibrils of native cellulose having a maximum length of 300 μm have proven particularly suitable. Both microcrystalline and amorphous cellulose (derivatives) and mixtures thereof can be used.

"Cellulosehaltiges Material" soll solches sein, in dem Cellulose zumindest überwiegend chemisch unverändert vorhanden ist. Als cellulosehaltiges Material kommt in erster Linie TMP (Thermo Mechanical Pulp) und CTMP (Chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp) in Betracht. Es sind zwei Arten von sogenanntem Holzstoff. Bei dem TMP-Verfahren werden Holzschnitzel unter Dampfdruck bei ca. 130°C in Druckrefinern zu TMP zerfasert. Bei der Verwendung von Chemikalien in der Holzschnitzelverdämpfung egibt sich CTMP (siehe Römpp Chemie-Lexikon 9. Auflage (1995), Seite 3207 Stichwort "Papier"). Das cellulosehaltige Material wird bevorzugt mit Teilchengrößen von 20 bis 200 µm, besonders bevorzugt von 40 bis 60 µm (vor der Kompaktierung) eingesetzt."Cellulosic material" should be one in which cellulose is at least predominantly chemically unchanged. As cellulosic material is primarily TMP (Thermo Mechanical Pulp) and CTMP (Chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp) into consideration. There are two types of so-called wood pulp. In the TMP process wood chips are fiberized under pressure of steam at about 130 ° C in pressure refiner to TMP. When using chemicals in wood chip damping, CTMP (see Römpp Chemie-Lexikon 9th Edition (1995), page 3207 Keyword "paper"). The cellulose-containing material is preferably used with particle sizes of from 20 to 200 .mu.m, more preferably from 40 to 60 .mu.m (before compaction).

Wird Cellulose in gereinigter Form (handelsübliche Cellulose) verwendet, weist diese vorzugsweise Schüttgewichte von 40 g/l bis 350 g/l, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 65 g/l bis 170 g/l auf. Werden bereits aufgranulierte Typen verwendet, liegt deren Schüttgewicht höher und kann von 350 g/l bis 550 g/l betragen. Die Schüttgewichte der Cellulosederivate können im Bereich von 50 g/l bis 1000 g/l, bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 g/l und 800 g/l liegen.If cellulose is used in purified form (commercial cellulose), this preferably has bulk densities of from 40 g / l to 350 g / l, very particularly preferably from 65 g / l to 170 g / l. If already granulated types are used, their bulk density is higher and can be from 350 g / l to 550 g / l. The bulk densities of the cellulose derivatives may be in the range of 50 g / l to 1000 g / l, preferably in the range of 100 g / l and 800 g / l.

Die Teilchengröße der Cellulose kann zwischen 30 µm und 400 µm betragen, im Falle von aufgranulierten Typen liegt die mittlere Teilchengröße zwischen 350 µm und 800 µm. Die Teilchengröße der Cellulosederivate oder der cellulosehaltigen Materialien kann zwischen 30 µm und 3000 µm betragen.The particle size of the cellulose can be between 30 .mu.m and 400 .mu.m, in the case of granulated types, the average particle size is between 350 .mu.m and 800 .mu.m. The particle size of the cellulose derivatives or of the cellulose-containing materials can be between 30 μm and 3000 μm.

Das für das Sprengmittel zum Einsatz kommende Polymer ist ein Copolymer, welches Einheiten wenigstens eines α-Olefins jeden beliebigen Typs umfassen kann, z.B. Olefine mit 2 bis 18 C-Atomen, wobei die Doppelbindung(en) an beliebigen Positionen vertreten sein können. Das erfindungsgemäße Sprengmittel ist ein Copolymerisat aus einem α-Olefin und einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure, besonders bevorzugt Maleinsäure. Die Salzbildung erfolgt vorzugsweise mit Kationen von Alkali, Ammoniak und Aminen, bzw. deren Mischungen. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Sprengmittel umfasst ein Maleinsäure-Olefin Copolymerisat, das in Form seines Na-Salzes unter dem Markennamen Sokalan® CP9 von BASF, Deutschland erhältlich ist.The polymer used for the disintegrant is a copolymer which may comprise units of at least one α-olefin of any type, e.g. Olefins having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the double bond (s) may be represented at any position. The disintegrating agent according to the invention is a copolymer of an α-olefin and a cis-bifunctional acid, more preferably maleic acid. The salt formation is preferably carried out with cations of alkali, ammonia and amines, or mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred disintegrant comprises a maleic-olefin copolymer available in the form of its Na salt under the trade name Sokalan® CP9 from BASF, Germany.

Sokalan® CP9 war bisher nur als Dispergiermittel für organische und anorganische Feststoffe in wässrigen und wässrig-organischen Medien bekannt, und zwar in flüssiger Form. Der Einsatz als Granulat und der Einsatz als Sprengmittel ist bislang nicht beschrieben.Sokalan® CP9 has hitherto only been known as a dispersant for organic and inorganic solids in aqueous and aqueous-organic media, in liquid form. The use as granules and the use as a disintegrant is not yet described.

Die Teilchengröße des eingesetzten Polymers/Copolymers im Granulat sollte bevorzugt 800µm nicht überschreiten, da sich die Teilchen sonst sichtbar auf dem Spülgut absetzen können.The particle size of the polymer / copolymer used in the granules should preferably not exceed 800 .mu.m, since the particles can otherwise settle visibly on the dishes.

Das Sprengmittel kann vollständig aus dem genannten Polymer bestehen, oder es kann ein Gemisch eines solchen Polymers mit Cellulose(derivaten), bzw. cellulosehaltigem Material sein.The disintegrating agent may consist entirely of said polymer, or it may be a mixture of such a polymer with cellulose (derivatives) or cellulose-containing material.

In einem "Mischgranulat" kann der Anteil der Cellulose(derivate) oder des cellulosehaltigen Materials im Sprengmittelgranulat von 50 bis 99 Gew.%, bevorzugt von 70 bis 97% und besonders bevorzugt von 80 bis 95 Gew.% liegen.In a "mixed granulate", the proportion of cellulose (derivatives) or of the cellulose-containing material in the disintegrant granulate can be from 50 to 99% by weight, preferably from 70 to 97% and particularly preferably from 80 to 95% by weight.

Der Anteil des Polymers kann von 50 bis 1 Gew.%, bevorzugt von 30 bis 3 Gew.%, besonders bevorzugt von 20 bis 5 Gew.% des Sprengmittelgranulates ausmachen.The proportion of the polymer can be from 50 to 1% by weight, preferably from 30 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 5% by weight, of the disintegrant granulate.

In einer Ausführungsform des Sprengmittelgranulats können auch regenerierte Cellulosen, wie Viskose verwendet werden.In one embodiment of disintegrant granules, regenerated celluloses such as viscose may also be used.

Aufgrund ihres Wasseraufnahmevermögens sind in Wasser quellbare Cellulosederivate, wie Celluloseether und Celluloseester und gemischte Modifizierungen derselben ebenso verwendbar. Geeignete Celluloseether sind z.B. Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose und Carboxymethylcellulose, sowie modifizierte Carboxymethylcellulose. Außerdem können die Granulate in Wasser quellbare Cellulosederivate und Stärke oder Stärkederivate sowie andere quellbare Polysaccharide und Polygalaktomannane enthalten, beispielsweise ionisch modifizierte Cellulosen und Stärken wie carboxymethyl modifizierte Cellulose und Stärke, nichtionisch modifizierte Cellulosen und Stärken wie alkoxylierte Cellulosen und Stärken, wie etwa Hydroxypropyl- und Hydroxyethylstärke bzw. Hydroxypropyl- und Hydroxyethylcellulose und alkylveretherte Produkte wie etwa Methylcellulose sowie gemischt modifizierte Cellulosen und Stärken aus den vorgenannten Modifizierungen, die zur Vernetzung führt. Geeignete Stärken sind auch kaltquellende Stärken, die durch mechanische oder abbauende Reaktionen am Stärkekorn gebildet werden. Hierzu zählen vor allem Quellstärken aus Extruder- und Walzentrocknerprozessen sowie enzymatisch, oxidierend oder säureabbauend modifizierte Produkte. Chemisch derivatisierte Stärken enthalten vorzugsweise Substituenten, die durch Ester- und Ethergruppen in ausreichender Zahl an die Polysaccharidketten angeknüpft sind.Due to their water-absorbing capacity, water-swellable cellulose derivatives such as cellulose ethers and cellulose esters and mixed modifications thereof are also useful. Suitable cellulose ethers are, for example, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as modified carboxymethylcellulose. In addition, the granules may contain water-swellable cellulose derivatives and starch or starch derivatives and other swellable polysaccharides and polygalactomannans, for example ionically modified celluloses and starches such as carboxymethyl modified cellulose and starch, nonionic modified celluloses and starches such as alkoxylated celluloses and starches such as hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl starch or hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose and alkyletherethererte products such as methylcellulose and mixed modified celluloses and starches from the aforementioned modifications, which leads to crosslinking. Suitable starches are also cold-swelling starches which are formed by mechanical or degrading reactions on the starch grain. These include, above all, swelling powders from extruder and drum dryer processes as well as enzymatically, oxidatively or acid-degrading modified products. Chemically derivatized starches preferably contain substituents attached to the polysaccharide chains in sufficient numbers by ester and ether groups.

Es können auch reine Cellulose und Cellulosederivate zusammen mit weiteren modifizierten wasserquellbaren Polysaccharidderivaten wie z.B. Stärke und/oder Stärkederivaten im erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Granulat vorhanden sein.Pure cellulose and cellulose derivatives may also be used together with other modified water-swellable polysaccharide derivatives, e.g. Starch and / or starch derivatives may be present in the granules to be used according to the invention.

Stärken, die mit ionischen Substituenten wie etwa Carboxylat, Hydroxyalkyl- oder Phosphatgruppen modifiziert sind, haben sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Zur Verbesserung des Quellverhaltens hat sich auch die Verwendung von leicht anvernetzten Stärken bewährt. Auch alkalisch behandelte Stärken können wegen ihrer guten Kaltwasserquellbarkeit verwendet werden.Starches modified with ionic substituents such as carboxylate, hydroxyalkyl or phosphate groups have been found to be particularly advantageous. To improve the swelling behavior, the use of easily cross-linked starches has proven itself. Also alkaline treated starches can be used because of their good cold water swellability.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform hat sich auch die Kombination von Cellulose mit Cellulosederivaten und/oder Stärke und/oder Stärkederivaten bewährt. Die Mengenverhältnisse können in weiten Grenzen schwanken, bezogen auf die Kombination beträgt der Anteil der Cellulosederivate und/oder Stärke und/oder Stärkederivate bevorzugt 0,1 bis 85 Gew.%, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.%.In an advantageous embodiment, the combination of cellulose with cellulose derivatives and / or starch and / or starch derivatives has proven itself. The proportions can vary within wide limits, based on the combination, the proportion of cellulose derivatives and / or starch and / or starch derivatives preferably 0.1 to 85 wt.%, Particularly preferably 5 to 50 wt.%.

Das Sprengmittelgranulat kann neben dem ein α-Olefin als monomere Einheiten umfassenden Polymer auch noch weitere Polymertypen umfassen, wie z.B. feinteilige und/oder wäßrige Lösungen von löslichen Polymeren von (Meth)acrylsäure oder Copolymere von (Meth)acrylsäure oder Salze derselben oder Mischungen von derartigen Polymeren oder Copolymeren oder Salzen derselben mit hohem Wasseraufnahmevermögen. Als geeignet können lineare Polymere von (Meth)acrylsäure, Copolymere von (Meth)acrylsäure oder Salze derselben mit gewichtsmittleren Molekulargewichten von 5.000 bis 70.000 und quervernetzte Polymere von (Meth)acrylsäure, Copolymere von (Meth)acrylsäure oder Salze derselben mit gewichtsmittleren Molekulargewichten von 1.000.000 bis 5.000.000 angesehen werden. Bei den Copolymeren handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Copolymere von (Meth)acrylsäure und Maleinsäure oder Maleinsäureanhydrid, die beispielsweise 40 bis 90 Gew.% (Meth)acrylsäure und 60 bis 10 Gew.% Maleinsäure oder Maleinsäureanhydrid enthalten, deren relative Molmasse, bezogen auf freie Säuren, zwischen 3.000 und 100.000, vorzugsweise 3.000 bis 70.000 und ganz besonders bevorzugt 5.000 bis 50.000 beträgt.In addition to the polymer comprising an α-olefin as monomeric units, the disintegrant granules may also comprise other types of polymers, such as e.g. finely divided and / or aqueous solutions of soluble polymers of (meth) acrylic acid or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof or mixtures of such polymers or copolymers or salts thereof with high water absorption capacity. Suitable are linear polymers of (meth) acrylic acid, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof having weight average molecular weights of 5,000 to 70,000 and crosslinked polymers of (meth) acrylic acid, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid or salts thereof having weight average molecular weights of 1,000 .000 to 5,000,000 can be viewed. The copolymers are preferably copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and maleic acid or maleic anhydride, which contain, for example, 40 to 90% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid and 60 to 10% by weight of maleic acid or maleic anhydride, their relative molar mass, based on free Acids, between 3,000 and 100,000, preferably 3,000 to 70,000 and most preferably 5,000 to 50,000.

Außerdem können auch ter- und quattropolymere Polycarboxylate enthalten sein, hergestellt aus (Meth)acrylsäure. Maleinsäure und Vinylalkohol oder Vinylalkoholderivaten, oder solche aus (Meth) acrylsäure, ethylenisch ungesättigen Sulfonsäuren und Zuckerderivaten, oder solche aus (Meth)acrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Vinylalkoholderivaten und sulfonsäuregruppenhaltigen Monomeren. Beispiele für solche Polymerisate befinden sich in DE 43 00 772 , DE 42 21 371 und WO 95/17444 .In addition, ter- and quattropolymere polycarboxylates may be contained, prepared from (meth) acrylic acid. Maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives, or those of (meth) acrylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and sugar derivatives, or those of (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, vinyl alcohol derivatives and sulfonic acid-containing monomers. Examples of such polymers are in DE 43 00 772 . DE 42 21 371 and WO 95/17444 ,

Die Polymere werden bei der Herstellung des Granulats bevorzugt in Form ihrer wäßrigen Lösungen eingesetzt, können aber auch in Form feinteiliger Pulver eingesetzt werden.The polymers are preferably used in the preparation of the granules in the form of their aqueous solutions, but can also be used in the form of finely divided powders.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Polymeren/Copolymeren lassen sich besonders gut in das Granulat einarbeiten, wenn sie maximal 800 µm groß sind.The polymers / copolymers used according to the invention can be incorporated particularly well into the granules if they are at most 800 μm in size.

Geeignete Co-Bindemittel, die gleichzeitig einen Tensidcharakter haben, sind sogenannte Polymertenside. Hierunter werden Reaktionsprodukte verstanden, die neben den typischen Polymerstrukturen der zuvor genannten Polymere zusätzliche, eine Tensidwirkung entfaltende Strukturelemente aufweisen. Beispiele hierfür sind Pfropfpolymere mit alkoxiliertem Fettalkohol oder carboxylathaltige Polymere mit Methoxyalkylenoxid-Monomereinheiten, ferner Maleinsäure/Vinylether/längerkettige Fettamin-Copolymere sowie Halbamide von Maleinsäurecopolymeren und Copolymere von Acrylsäure mit langkettigen Acrylaten. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthalten die Polymertenside Alkylenoxideinheiten. Die Polymertenside können auch allein, also ohne polymere Bindemittelkomponente und ohne Tensidkomponente in die Sprengmittelgranulate eingearbeitet werden. Als Zusatzkomponente werden die Polymertenside mit einem Anteil von bis zu 30 Gew.% im Sprengmittelgranulat enthalten sein, als Alleinkomponente mit 1 bis 40 Gew.%, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 20 Gew.%.Suitable co-binders which simultaneously have a surfactant character are so-called polymer surfactants. These are understood to mean reaction products which, in addition to the typical polymer structures of the abovementioned polymers, have additional structural elements which unfold a surfactant effect. Examples of these are graft polymers with alkoxylated fatty alcohol or carboxylate-containing polymers with methoxyalkylene oxide monomer units, furthermore maleic acid / vinyl ethers / longer-chain fatty amine copolymers and also hemiamides of maleic acid copolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid with long-chain acrylates. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric surfactants contain alkylene oxide units. The polymer surfactants can also be incorporated alone, ie without a polymeric binder component and without a surfactant component, into the disintegrant granules. As an additional component, the polymer surfactants will be present in the disintegrant granules with a proportion of up to 30% by weight, as sole component with 1 to 40% by weight, preferably with 5 to 20% by weight.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines "Mischgranulats" werden die Polymere/Copolymere, die α-Olefine als monomere Einheiten und Einheiten einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure enthalten, bspw. α-Olefine und Maleinsäure, oder Salzen derselben mit Cellulose(derivaten), bzw. cellulosehaltigem Material und gegebenenfalls weiteren modifizierten wasserquellbaren Polysaccharidderivaten im Granulat kombiniert, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis (Cellulose(derivat)/cellulosehaltiges Material : Polymer) von 50:1 bis 1:1 betragen kann, vorzugsweise von 20:1 bis 5:1, ganz besonders bevorzugt ist ein Gewichtsverhältnis von 12:1 bis 8:1.In a particularly preferred embodiment of a "mixed granulate", the polymers / copolymers containing α-olefins as monomeric units and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, for example α-olefins and maleic acid, or salts thereof with cellulose (derivatives), or cellulose-containing material and optionally further modified water-swellable polysaccharide derivatives in the granules combined, wherein the weight ratio (cellulose (derivative) / cellulosic material: polymer) of 50: 1 to 1: 1, preferably from 20: 1 to 5: 1, most preferably is a weight ratio of 12: 1 to 8: 1.

Bei dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Polymere/Copolymere oder Salzen derselben zusammen mit Cellulose(derivaten) bzw. dem cellulosehaltigen Material in Wasser vordispergiert, naß granuliert und anschließend getrocknet. Durch die Feuchtgranulierung und das anschließende Verdampfen erhält das Granulat eine poröse Struktur, bei der das Polymer/Copolymer oder dessen Salz an der Oberfläche der Cellulose, des Cellulosederivats bzw. des cellulosehaltigen Materials angelagert ist.In this preferred embodiment, the polymers / copolymers or salts thereof together with cellulose (derivatives) or the cellulose-containing material are predispersed in water, wet granulated and then dried. The wet granulation and the subsequent evaporation gives the granules a porous structure in which the polymer / copolymer or its salt is attached to the surface of the cellulose, of the cellulose derivative or of the cellulose-containing material.

Das Granulat wird bevorzugt auf einen Restwassergehalt von 1 bis 8 Gew.% bezogen auf Gewicht des Granulats getrocknet.The granules are preferably dried to a residual water content of 1 to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the granules.

Die poröse Struktur ergibt ein besonders günstiges Aufnahmevermögen für Flüssigkeiten, im Falle von Wasser unter schneller Volumenzunahme.The porous structure gives a particularly favorable absorption capacity for liquids, in the case of water with rapid volume increase.

Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Sprengmittelgranulats erfolgt zunächst durch Mischen der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Granulatbestandteile mit üblichen Mischverfahren. Beispielsweise können Mischer der Firma Vomm, Lödige, Schugi, Eirich, Henschel oder Fukae eingesetzt werden. Bei diesem ersten Schritt des Mischens und Granulierens werden Vorcompounds durch Agglomerationsverfahren hergestellt. Diese Vorcompounds bilden eine rieselfähige Ware, die einen Wassergehalt zwischen 10 und 80 Gew.% hat. Der erforderliche Wassergehalt im Vorgemisch ist abhängig von der verwendeten Verdichtungseinrichtung. Ein Wassergehalt von mindestens 10 Gew.%, bevorzugt 20 Gew.% ist erforderlich, um eine gute Verdichtung zu erzielen. und eine hohe Flüssigkeitsaufnahme im späteren Trockengranulat zu garantieren. Bei Wassergehalten zwischen 60 und 80 Gew.% ist darauf zu achten, daß es bei bestimmten Verdichtungsapparaten, wie etwa der Ringmatrizenpresse während des Preßvorgangs dazu kommen kann, daß das Wasser aus der Mischung gedrückt werden kann, wohingegen in Extrudern keine derartigen Phänomene zu beobachten sind. D.h. die Verdichtungstechnik muß letztlich dem Wassergehalt der Vormischung angepaßt werden. Für Ringmatrizenpressen und Pelletierpressen hat sich ein Wassergehalt von 20 bis 60 Gew.%, bevorzugt von 20 bis 40 Gew.% bewährt.The disintegrant granules to be used according to the invention are initially produced by mixing the granule constituents to be used according to the invention with customary mixing processes. For example, mixers from Vomm, Lödige, Schugi, Eirich, Henschel or Fukae can be used. In this first step of mixing and granulating, precompounds are produced by agglomeration processes. These precompounds form a free-flowing product which has a water content of between 10 and 80% by weight. The required water content in the premix depends on the compressor used. A water content of at least 10% by weight, preferably 20% by weight, is required in order to achieve good compaction. and to guarantee a high liquid absorption in the later dry granulate. At water contents of between 60 and 80% by weight, care must be taken that in certain compactors, such as the ring die press during the pressing operation, the water may be forced out of the mixture, whereas in extruders no such phenomena can be observed , That the compaction technique must ultimately be adapted to the water content of the premix. For Ringmatrizenpressen and pelleting presses, a water content of 20 to 60 wt.%, Preferably from 20 to 40 wt.% Has proven.

Im nächsten Schritt werden diese Vorcompounds mechanisch verdichtet. Für das Quell- und Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des erfindungsgemäßen Granulats ist die abschließende Verdichtung wesentlich. Das Verdichten unter Anwendung von Druck kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen. Die Produkte können zwischen zwei Druckflächen in Walzenverdichtern, z.B. glatt oder profiliert, verdichtet werden. Der Ausstoß des Kompaktats erfolgt als Strang. Verdichtungsmethoden in Matrizen mit Stempeln oder Kissenwalzen ergeben Kopaktatformen wie Tabletten oder Briketts. Als Verdichtungsmaschinen können Walzenkompaktoren, Extruder, Walzen- oder Würfelpressen, aber auch Granulierpressen eingesetzt werden.In the next step, these precompounds are mechanically compacted. For the swelling and water absorption behavior of the granules according to the invention, the final compaction is essential. The compression using pressure can be done in various ways. The products can be placed between two pressure surfaces in roller compactors, e.g. smooth or profiled, compacted. The output of the Kompaktats takes place as a strand. Densification methods in dies with punches or pillow rolls result in copactate forms such as tablets or briquettes. Roller compactors, extruders, roller or die presses, but also granulation presses can be used as compacting machines.

Als besonders geeignet hat sich die Verdichtung mit Pelletierpressen erwiesen, wobei durch eine geeignete Prozeßführung Granulate erhalten werden, die ohne weitere Zerkleinerung getrocknet werden können. Geeignete Pelletierpressen werden z.B. von den Firmen Amandus Kahl und Fitzpatrick hergestellt.Compaction with pelleting presses has proved particularly suitable, granules being obtained by suitable process control which can be dried without further comminution. Suitable pelleting presses are e.g. produced by the companies Amandus Kahl and Fitzpatrick.

Im Trocknungsvorgang wird der Wassergehalt von 1 bis 8 Gew.%, bevorzugt 2,5 bis 7 Gew.% und besonders bevorzugt 3 bis 5 Gew.% eingestellt. Hierfür sind übliche Trockner wie z.B. Walzentrockner (Temperaturen z.B. von 95 bis 120°C) oder Fließbett-Trockner (Temperaturen z.B. von 70 bis 100 °C) geeignet.In the drying process, the water content of 1 to 8 wt.%, Preferably 2.5 to 7 wt.% And more preferably 3 to 5 wt.% Set. For this purpose, conventional dryers such as e.g. Drum dryers (temperatures, for example, from 95 to 120 ° C) or fluidized bed dryers (temperatures, for example, from 70 to 100 ° C).

Die groben, verdichteten Teilchen werden zerkleinert, wobei z.B. Mühlen, Schnitzler oder Walzenstühle geeignet sind. Die Zerkleinerung kann vor oder nach der Trocknung durchgeführt werden. Dabei werden die Granulate auf eine Teilchengrößenverteilung von 0,05 bis 3 mm, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 1,5 mm eingestellt. Die Entfernung von Staubanteilen unter 0,1 mm kann z.B. mit üblichen Siebeinrichtungen durchgeführt werden.The coarse, compacted particles are comminuted, e.g. Mills, shredders or roller mills are suitable. The comminution can be carried out before or after drying. The granules are adjusted to a particle size distribution of 0.05 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm. The removal of dust particles below 0.1 mm may e.g. be carried out with conventional screening devices.

Ohne auf die folgende Erklärung festgelegt werden zu wollen, wird angenommen, dass sich durch die Naßgranulierung des erfindungsgemäßen Granulats und das anschließende Trocknen eine "Kruste" des Polymers/Copolymers auf den Cellulosefasern bzw. auf der mikrokristallinen Cellulose, dem Cellulosederivat oder dem cellulosehaltigen Material ausbildet, die an den Berührungsstellen der einzelnen Fasern oder Teilchen zu einer stabilen Aneinanderlagerung führt. "Kruste" bedeutet in der vorliegenden Erfindung ein nicht gleichmäßiger Überzug, der unregelmäßig dick oder dünn sein, oder an einzelnen Stellen fehlen kann.Without wishing to be bound by the following explanation, it is assumed that the wet granulation of the granulate according to the invention and the subsequent drying form a "crust" of the polymer / copolymer on the cellulose fibers or on the microcrystalline cellulose, the cellulose derivative or the cellulose-containing material , which leads to the contact points of the individual fibers or particles to a stable juxtaposition. "Crust" in the present invention means a non-uniform coating which may be irregularly thick or thin, or may be missing at individual locations.

Für die Herstellung des hier beschriebenen Sprengmittelgranulats kann auch jedes andere übliche Verfahren verwendet werden, wie z.B. das Versprühen in der Sprühgranulation im Fließbett, für das Quell- und Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des erfindungsgemäßen Sprengmittelgranulats hat sich aber die Naßgranulierung und anschließende Trocknung als besonders geeignet erwiesen.For the preparation of the disintegrant granules described herein, any other conventional method may also be used, e.g. the spraying in the spray granulation in a fluidized bed, but for the swelling and water absorption behavior of the disintegrant granules according to the invention, but the wet granulation and subsequent drying has been found to be particularly suitable.

Überraschend wurde gefunden, daß der Einsatz eines Polymers, das Einheiten wenigstens eines α-Olefins und Einheiten einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure umfasst in einem Granulat eine hohe Sprengwirkung bei gepressten Tabletten bewirkt. Das Folgende ist ein Versuch die gefundene Sprengwirkung zu erklären, jedoch soll diese Theorie sich nicht beschränkend auf die hier beanspruchte Erfindung auswirken.Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of a polymer comprising units of at least one α-olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid in a granulate causes a high explosive effect in pressed tablets. The following is an attempt to explain the explosive effect found, but this theory is not intended to limit the invention claimed herein.

Das zum Einsatz gebrachte Polymer wird durch den Granulierungs- und Trocknungsvorgang in einer bestimmten dreidimensionalen "gespannten" Konfiguration "eingefroren". Bei Kontakt mit Wasser wird die "eingefrorene" Konfiguration sehr schnell zugunsten einer anderen Konfiguration geändert, bei der die hydrophoben und hydrophilen Bereiche des Polymers sich im Wasser so ausrichten, dass das Polymer in einen energetisch möglichst günstigen Zustand kommt. Die Sprengwirkung beruht also auf einer Konfigurationsänderung des eingesetzten Polymers.The polymer used is "frozen" by the granulation and drying process in a particular three-dimensional "cocked" configuration. Upon contact with water, the "frozen" configuration is changed very quickly in favor of another configuration in which the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the polymer align in the water to bring the polymer into an energetically favorable state. The blasting effect is thus based on a configuration change of the polymer used.

Die Konfigurationsänderung wirkt sich besonders stark aus, wenn das als Sprengmittel eingesetzte Granulat vollständig aus einem wenigstens ein α-Olefin und Einheiten einer cis-bifunktionellen Säure enthaltenden Polymer besteht.The configuration change is particularly pronounced if the granules used as disintegrants consist entirely of a polymer containing at least one α-olefin and units of a cis-bifunctional acid.

Im Falle des "Mischgranulats" wird durch die Naßgranulierung und das anschließende Trocknen der in Wasser zusammen mit dem Polymer/Copolymer vordispergierten Cellulose/Cellulosederivate, bzw. des cellulosehaltigen Materials und/oder Stärke/Stärkederivate ein Granulat erhalten, das ebenfalls eine hohe Sprengwirkung aufweist. Die Effizienz wird vermutlich durch die Kapillarwirkung der Poren und die darauf begründete schnelle Durchdringung des Granulats mit Wasser erreicht.In the case of the "mixed granules" granules are obtained by the wet granulation and the subsequent drying of cellulose / cellulose derivatives predispersed in water together with the polymer / copolymer, or the cellulose-containing material and / or starch / starch derivatives, which also has a high explosive effect. The Efficiency is presumably achieved by the capillary action of the pores and the rapid penetration of the granules with water.

Formkörper verschiedener Zusammensetzungen von Reinigungs-Formulierungen. die ein solches erfindungsgemäßes Granulat enthalten, werden bei der Anwendung in Dosierkammern oder direkter Zugabe in Geschirrkörbe von häuslichen oder gewerblichen Geschirrspülmaschinen schnell und effektiv aufgesprengt.Shaped bodies of various compositions of cleaning formulations. containing such granules according to the invention are rapidly and effectively blasted when used in dosing or direct addition in baskets of domestic or commercial dishwashers.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Sprengmittelgranulate haben Schüttgewichte von 80 g/l bis 800 g/l, vorzugsweise 100 g/l bis 500 g/l, ganz besonders bevorzugt 250 g/l bis 400 g/l und sind in der/dem/den Schicht(en) / Bereich(en) der Formkörper, in der/dem/denen sie enthalten sind in Mengen von 1 Gew.% bis 15 Gew.% enthalten, vorzugsweise 2 Gew.% bis 10 Gew.% und besonders bevorzugt mit 3 bis 6 Gew.%.The disintegrant granules to be used according to the invention have bulk densities of from 80 g / l to 800 g / l, preferably from 100 g / l to 500 g / l, very particularly preferably from 250 g / l to 400 g / l, and are in the layer (s) (s) / range (s) of the molded articles in which they are present in amounts of from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight and more preferably from 3 to 6% by weight.

Das Granulat nimmt bei Kontakt mit Wasser dieses rasch unter Volumenvergrößerung auf und eignet sich deshalb als Sprengmittel für gepresste Formkörper, so daß diese in Wasser rasch zerfallen.The granules on contact with water this increases rapidly under volume and is therefore suitable as a disintegrant for pressed moldings, so that they rapidly disintegrate in water.

Derartige Formkörper müssen eine ausreichende Stabilität und Festigkeit aufweisen, um Handhabung, Verpackung und Lagerung zu ermöglichen, sollen jedoch bei Kontakt mit Wasser rasch zerfallen, so daß die Bestandteile die gewünschte Wirkung entfalten können.Such moldings must have sufficient stability and strength to allow handling, packaging and storage, but should disintegrate rapidly on contact with water, so that the ingredients can develop the desired effect.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf gepreßte Formkörper, beispielsweise Tabletten, Würfel, Quader, Kugeln und dergleichen, in denen ein verdichtetes, poröses Granulat als Sprengmittel enthalten ist. Die Formkörper können aus jeder Art von Zusammensetzung, die sich in ihre Einzelteile sprengen lässt, bestehen, insbesondere aus Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen.The invention relates to compressed molded articles, for example tablets, cubes, cuboids, spheres and the like, in which a compacted, porous granules are contained as disintegrating agents. The shaped articles can consist of any type of composition which can be broken up into their individual parts, in particular of detergent compositions.

Besonders bevorzugt sind Formkörper von Reinigungsmittelformulierungen für Geschirrspülmaschinen in Tabletten- Riegel- oder Würfelform.Moldings of detergent formulations for dishwashers in tablet, bar or cube form are particularly preferred.

Die Reinigungsmittel-Formkörper können aus nur einer Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung gepresst sein (einphasige Tabletten), oder sie können aus mehreren Phasen, Schichten oder Bereichen bestehen , also z.B. zwei- oder dreiphasige Formkörper (z.B. "3 in 1") darstellen. Dabei können einzelne Bestandteile des Reinigungsmittels voneinander getrennt werden, so dass sie zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten während des Reinigungsvorganges bereitgestellt werden. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist das Trennen der Reinigung, der Salzfunktion und der Klarspülfunktion in einzelne Bereiche des eingesetzten Formkörpers.The detergent tablets may be pressed from only one detergent composition (single-phase tablets), or they may consist of several phases, layers or regions, e.g. two- or three-phase molded bodies (e.g., "3 in 1"). In this case, individual components of the cleaning agent can be separated from each other, so that they are provided at different times during the cleaning process. An example of this is the separation of the cleaning, the salt function and the rinse aid function into individual regions of the molding used.

Die Raumform der Formkörper kann in ihren Dimensionen der Einspülkammer der Geschirrspülmaschine angepaßt sein, jedoch lassen sich alle sinnvollen handhabbaren Formen gestalten. Hierzu gehören z.B. auch zylinderförmige Ausgestaltungen mit ovalem oder kreisförmigem Querschnitt und Formkörper mit einer platten- oder tafelartigen Struktur. Ein bevorzugter Formkörper besteht aus abwechselnd dicken langen und dünnen kurzen Segmenten, so daß einzelne Segmente von einem solchen Riegel an Sollbruchstellen, die durch die kurzen dünnen Segmente dargestellt werden, abgebrochen und in die Dosierkammer oder den Besteckkorb der Maschine eingegeben werden können. Dies Prinzip des riegelförmigen Formkörpers kann ebenfalls in anderen geometrischen Vieleck-Formen verwirklicht werden.The spatial form of the moldings can be adapted in their dimensions of the dispensing compartment of the dishwasher, but all reasonable manageable shapes can be designed. These include e.g. also cylindrical embodiments with an oval or circular cross-section and shaped body with a plate or panel-like structure. A preferred shaped body consists of alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of such a bar at predetermined breaking points, which are represented by the short thin segments, broken and can be entered into the metering chamber or the cutlery basket of the machine. This principle of the bar-shaped shaped body can also be realized in other geometric polygonal shapes.

Eine derart hergestellte Tablette weist vorzugsweise ein Gewicht von 5 bis 120 g, besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g auf, wobei Durchmesser von 20 bis 50 mm bevorzugt sind.A tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of from 5 to 120 g, particularly preferably from 10 to 30 g, with diameters of from 20 to 50 mm being preferred.

Reinigungsmitteltabletten für unterschiedliche Zwecke, insbesondere für Geschirrspüler sind grundsätzlich bekannt.Detergent tablets for different purposes, especially for dishwashers are basically known.

Derartige als Formkörper ausgebildete Reinigungsmittelformulierungen enthalten in der Regel Gerüststoffe, Bleichmittel und Bleichaktivatoren, Tenside, Tablettierhilfsmittel, Sprengmittel und weitere übliche Zusätze und Hilfsstoffe.Such detergent formulations formed as shaped articles generally comprise builders, bleaching agents and bleach activators, surfactants, tableting aids, disintegrants and other customary additives and auxiliaries.

Für die hier beschriebene Erfindung ist die Zusammensetzung des Reinigungsmittels, das als Formkörper gepresst vorliegt, nicht ausschlaggebend, solange es sich um eine Zusammensetzung handelt, die sich als Reinigungsmittel insbesondere für den Einsatz in einer Geschirrspülmaschine eignet. Jede übliche, in Form pressbare, für diesen Zweck geeignete Zusammensetzung kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Sprengmittelgranulat vermischt und verpresst werden. Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Zusammensetzungen stellen lediglich bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen dar, ohne dass das Granulat nur in solchen Zusammensetzungen verwendbar wäre.For the invention described herein, the composition of the cleaning agent, which is present as a molded body, not decisive, as long as it is a composition which is suitable as a cleaning agent, especially for use in a dishwasher. Any conventional moldable composition suitable for this purpose may be mixed with the disintegrant granules of the present invention and compressed. The compositions described below are merely preferred embodiments of the detergent compositions without the granules being useful only in such compositions.

Beispiele für bekannte und übliche Reinigungsformulierungen im Bereich der Maschinengeschirreiniger sind unter andern in den offengelegten Patentanmeldungen DE 101 40 535 A1 , DE 199 59 589 A1 , EP 0 282 482 oder DE 101 36 002 A1 beschrieben.Examples of known and customary cleaning formulations in the field of machine-care cleaners are disclosed, inter alia, in the published patent applications DE 101 40 535 A1 . DE 199 59 589 A1 . EP 0 282 482 or DE 101 36 002 A1 described.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine phosphathaltige Geschirrspülmaschinen-Reinigungstablette, enthaltend: 10 bis 75 Gew.T1. Polyphosphat(e), 60 bis 0 Gew.T1. andere anorganische Gerüststoffe, 20 bis 0 Gew.T1. organische Gerüststoffe, 7 bis 20 Gew.T1. Peroxidbleichmittel, 10 bis 1 Gew.T1. Bleichaktivator(en), 0 bis 16 Gew.T1. Tensid(e), 0,1 bis 10 Gew.T1. Sprengmittelgranulat, 2 bis 6 Gew.T1. sonstige, übliche Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a phosphate-containing dishwashing detergent tablet containing: 10 to 75 parts by weight. Polyphosphate (s), 60 to 0 parts by weight. other inorganic builders, 20 to 0 parts by weight. organic builders, 7 to 20 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 10 to 1 parts by weight. Bleach activator (s), 0 to 16 parts by weight. Surfactant (s), 0.1 to 10 parts by weight. Disintegrator granules, 2 to 6 parts by weight other, customary auxiliaries and additives.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine phosphatfreie Geschirrspülmaschinen-Reinigungstablette, enthaltend: 0 bis 50 Gew.T1. Citrat(e)/Citronensäure, 36 bis 0 Gew.T1. Silikat, 32 bis 0 Gew.T1. Na-Carbonat, 0 bis 20 Gew.T1. Hydrogencarbonat, 10 bis 0 Gew.T1. polymere organische Gerüststoffe, 4 bis 18 Gew.T1. Peroxidbleichmittel, 8,8 bis 1 Gew.T1. Bleichaktivator(en), 0,2 bis 16 Gew.T1. Tensid(e), 10 bis 0,1 Gew.T1. Sprengmittelgranulat, 1 bis 5 Gew.T1. sonstige, übliche Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe. Another preferred embodiment of the invention is a phosphate-free dishwashing detergent tablet comprising: 0 to 50 parts by weight. Citrate (s) / citric acid, 36 to 0 parts by weight. Silicate, 32 to 0 parts by weight Na carbonate, 0 to 20 parts by weight. bicarbonate, 10 to 0 parts by weight. polymeric organic builders, 4 to 18 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 8.8 to 1 part by weight. Bleach activator (s), 0.2 to 16 parts by weight. Surfactant (s), 10 to 0.1 parts by weight. Disintegrator granules, 1 to 5 parts by weight other, customary auxiliaries and additives.

Für alle Ausführungsformen sind sowohl Mono-, wie auch Doppel- oder Dreifachtabletten bevorzugt.For all embodiments, both mono-, as well as double or triple tablets are preferred.

Das Sprengmittel kann in allen Schichten/Phasen der Reinigungstablette enthalten sein, ist jedoch bevorzugt in nur einer oder in zwei (beim Vorhandensein mehrerer Schichten/Phasen) Schichten/Phasen enthalten. Dies ist bevorzugt, um eine erste Schicht/Phase, die schnell zur Wirkung kommen sollende Bestandteile enthält, in kurzer Zeit in dem Spülwasser aufzulösen und die Bestandteile damit bereitzustellen, während sich eine weitere Schicht/Phase, die Bestandteile enthält, die zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt des Spülvorgangs zum Einsatz kommen sollen, langsamer löst, da sie kein oder ein "langsameres" Sprengmittel enthält.The disintegrant may be included in all layers / phases of the cleaning tablet, but is preferably contained in only one or two (in the presence of multiple layers / phases) layers / phases. This is preferred to dissolve a first layer / phase containing rapidly acting ingredients in the rinse water in a short time and to provide the ingredients therewith, while another layer / phase containing ingredients will be at a later time the rinsing process to be used, slower dissolves, since it contains no or a "slower" disintegrant.

Als Gerüststoffe können in der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung alle üblichen und als solche bekannten Builder eingesetzt werden, insbesondere Polyphosphate, Pyrophosphate, Metaphosphate oder Phosphonate, Schichtsilikate, amorphe Silikate, amorphe Disilikate und Zeolithe, sowie Füllstoffe wie Natriumcarbonat, Natriumsulfat, Magnesiumsulfat, Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Citrat sowie Citronensäure, Bernsteinsäure, Weinsteinsäure und Äpfelsäure. Häufig werden als Hilfgerüststoff Cobuilder und Dispergatoren mitverwendet. Solche Cobuilder oder Dispergatoren können unter anderem Polyacrylsäuren oder Copolymere mit Polyacrylsäure und deren Natriumsalze sein.Suitable builders in the detergent composition are all customary and known builders, in particular polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates or phosphonates, sheet silicates, amorphous silicates, amorphous disilicates and zeolites, and fillers such as sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, citrate and citric acid, Succinic, tartaric and malic acid. Frequently co-builders and dispersants are used as auxiliary builder. Such co-builders or dispersants may be, inter alia, polyacrylic acids or copolymers with polyacrylic acid and its sodium salts.

Übliche Bleichmittel sind z.B. Natriumperborattetrahydrat und Natriumperboratmonohydrat, Natriumpercarbonat, Peroxypyrophosphate, Citratperhydrate, sowie H2O2 liefernde persaure Salze, Persäuren, wie Perbenzoate, Peroxyphthalate, Diperazelainsäure und Diperdodecandisäuren. Es können aber auch sonstige bekannte Bleichmittel oder Bleichmittelsysteme in der Zusammensetzung vorliegen.Typical bleaching agents are, for example, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, and H 2 O 2 -forming peracidic salts, peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxyphthalates, diperazelaic acid and diperdodecanedioic acids. However, other known bleaching agents or bleach systems may also be present in the composition.

Als für den Einsatz in erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln geeignete Persauerstoffverbindungen kommen insbesondere Wasserstoffperoxid und unter den Waschbedingungen Wasserstoffperoxid abgebende anorganische Salze, zu denen Alkalimetallperborate wie z. B. Natriumperborat-tetrahydrat und Natriumperborat-monohydrat, weiterhin Alkalimetallcarbonatperhydrate wie Natriumcarbonatperhydrat ("Natriumpercarbonat") sowie -persilicate und/oder -persulfate wie Caroat gehören. Meist zusätzlich zu diesen anorganischen Peroxoverbindungen kann das Bleichsystem der Waschmittelformulierung anorganische oder organische Persäuren, insbesondere Percarbonsäuren, enthalten, z. B. C1-C12-Percarbonsäuren, C8-C16-Dipercarbonsäuren, Imidopercapronsäuren oder Aryldipercapronsäuren. Bevorzugte Beispiele verwendbarer Säuren sind Peressigsäure, Perbenzoesäure, lineare oder verzweigte Octan-, Nonan-, Decan- oder Dodecanmonopersäuren, Decan- und Dodecandipersäure, Mono- und Diperphthalsäuren, -isophthalsäuren und -terephthalsäuren, Phtalimidopercapronsäure, Terephthaloyldiamidopercapronsäure und e-Phthalimid-peroxo-Hexansäure (PAP). Diese Percarbonsäuren können als freie Säuren oder als Salze der Säuren, vorzugsweise Alkali oder Erdalkalimetallsalze verwendet werden. Sofern feste Persauerstoffverbindungen eingesetzt werden sollen, können diese in Form von Pulvern oder Granulaten verwendet werden, die auch in im Prinzip bekannter Weise umhüllt sein können. Eine besonders bevorzugt eingesetzte Persäure ist die unter dem Handelsnamen Eureco® (Ausimont, Italien) erhältliche Persäure. Persauerstoffverbindungen sind in Mengen von vorzugsweise bis zu 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 5 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt von 8 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% vorhanden. Der Zusatz geringerer Mengen bekannter Bleichmittelstabilisatoren wie beispielsweise von Phosphonaten, Boraten bzw. Metaboraten und Metasilicaten sowie Magnesiumsalzen wie Magnesiumsulfat kann zweckdienlich sein.As for the use in agents according to the invention suitable peroxygen compounds are in particular hydrogen peroxide and under the washing conditions hydrogen peroxide donating inorganic salts to which alkali metal perborates such. Sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate, further include alkali metal carbonate perhydrates such as sodium carbonate perhydrate ("sodium percarbonate") and persilicates and / or persulfates such as caroate. In most cases, in addition to these inorganic peroxy compounds, the bleach system of the detergent formulation may contain inorganic or organic peracids, especially percarboxylic acids, e.g. B. C 1 -C 12 -Percarbonsäuren, C 8 -C 16 -Dipercarbonsäuren, Imidopercapronsäuren or Aryldipercapronsäuren. Preferred examples of acids which can be used are peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, linear or branched octane, nonane, decane or dodecane monoperacids, decane and dodecane diperacids, mono- and diperphthalic acids, isophthalic and terephthalic acids, phthalimidopercaproic acid, terephthaloyldiamidopercaproic acid and e-phthalimido peroxohexanoic acid (PAP). These percarboxylic acids can be used as free acids or as salts of the acids, preferably alkali or alkaline earth metal salts. If solid peroxygen compounds are to be used, they can be used in the form of powders or granules, which can also be enveloped in a manner known in principle. A particularly preferably used peracid is the peracid available under the trade name Eureco® (Ausimont, Italy). Peroxygen compounds are present in amounts of preferably up to 50% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 30% and most preferably from 8% to 25% by weight. The addition of minor amounts of known bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates, borates or metaborates and metasilicates and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be useful.

Der Gehalt an Bleichmitteln in Tabletten beträgt vorzugsweise 5-60 Gew.% und insbesondere 7-20 Gew.%.The content of bleaching agents in tablets is preferably 5-60% by weight and especially 7-20% by weight.

Als Bleichkatalysatoren werden üblicherweise quarternisierte Imine oder Sulfonimine eingesetzt, wie sie beispielsweise in US-A-5,360,568 , US-A-5,360,569 und EP-A-453 003 beschrieben sind, sowie auch Mangankomplexe, wie sie beispielsweise in WO-A 94/21777 beschrieben sind. Weitere verwendbare metallhaltige Bleichkatalysatoren sind in EP-A-458 397 , EP-A-458 398 und EP-A-549 272 beschrieben. Bleichkatalysatoren werden in der Regel in Mengen von bis zu 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,01 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Waschmittelformulierung, eingesetzt.As bleach catalysts usually quaternized imines or sulfonimines are used, as described for example in US-A-5,360,568 . US-A-5,360,569 and EP-A-453 003 are described, as well as manganese complexes, such as those in WO-A 94/21777 are described. Further usable metal-containing bleach catalysts are in EP-A-458,397 . EP-A-458,398 and EP-A-549 272 described. Bleach catalysts are generally used in amounts of up to 1 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the detergent formulation.

Geeignete Bleichaktivatoren sind die mit H2O2 organische Persäuren bildenden N-Acyl und O-Acylverbindungen, vorzugsweise N,N'-tetraacylierte Diamine, Carbonsäureanhydride und Ester von Polyolen wie Glucosepentaacetat. Ferner können acetylierte Mischungen aus Sorbitol und Mannitol verwendet werden. Besonders geeignet als Bleichaktivatoren sind N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), 1,5- Diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,2,5-triazin (DADHT) und acetylierte Sorbitol-Mannitol-Mischungen (SORMAN).Suitable bleach activators are the H 2 O 2 organic peracids forming N-acyl and O-acyl compounds, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, carboxylic anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate. Further, acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol may be used. Particularly suitable as bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,2,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitol-mannitol. Mixtures (SORMAN).

Außerdem können Verbindungen der Substanzklassen von polyacyliertem Zucker oder Zuckerderivaten mit C1-C10-Acylresten eingesetzt werden, vorzugsweise mit Acetyl-, Propionyl-, Octanoyl-, Nonanoyl- oder Benzoylresten, insbesondere Acetylresten. Als Zucker oder Zuckerderivate sind Mono- oder Disaccharide sowie deren reduzierte oder oxidierte Derivate verwendbar, vorzugsweise Glucose, Mannose, Fructose, Saccharose, Xylose oder Lactose. Besonders geeignete Bleichaktivatoren dieser Substanzklasse sind beispielsweise Pentaacetylglucose, Xylosetetraacetat, 1-Benzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose und 1-Octanoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose.In addition, compounds of the substance classes of polyacylated sugar or sugar derivatives with C 1 -C 10 -acyl radicals can be used, preferably with acetyl, propionyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl or benzoyl radicals, in particular acetyl radicals. Suitable sugars or sugar derivatives are mono- or disaccharides and their reduced or oxidized derivatives, preferably glucose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, xylose or lactose. Particularly suitable bleach activators of this class of substances are, for example, pentaacetylglucose, xylose tetraacetate, 1-benzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose and 1-octanoyl-2,3,4,6-tetraacetylglucose.

Weiterhin als Bleichaktivatoren verwendbar sind O-Acyloximester wie z. B. O-Acetylactonoxim, O-Benzoylacetonoxim, Bis(propylimino)carbonat oder Bis(cyclohexylimino)carbonat. Derartige acylierte Oxime und Oximester sind beispielsweise beschrieben in der EP-A-028 432 und der EP-A-267 046 .Further suitable as bleach activators are O-Acyloximester such. O-acetylactone oxime, O-benzoylacetone oxime, bis (propylimino) carbonate or bis (cyclohexylimino) carbonate. Such acylated oximes and oxime esters are described for example in US Pat EP-A-028432 and the EP-A-267 046 ,

Ebenfalls als Bleichaktivatoren verwendbar sind N-Acylcaprolactame wie beispielsweise N-Acetylcaprolactam, N-Benzoylcaprolactam, N-Octanoylcaprolactam, N-Octanoylcaprolactam oder Carbonylbiscaprolactam.Also useful as bleach activators are N-acyl caprolactams, such as N-acetyl caprolactam, N-benzoyl caprolactam, N-octanoyl caprolactam, N-octanoyl caprolactam, or carbonyl biscaprolactam.

Weiterhin als Bleichaktivatoren verwendbar sind

  • N-diacylierte und N,N'-tetracylierte Amine, z. B. N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylmethyldiamin und -ethylendiamin (TAED), N,N-Diacetylanilin, N,N-Diacetyl-p-toluidin oder 1,3-diacylierte Hydantoine wie 1,3-Diacetyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;
  • N-Alkyl-N-sulfonyl-carbonamide, z. B. N-Methyl-N-mesyl-acetamid oder N-Methyl-N-mexyl-benzamid;
  • N-acylierte cyclische Hydrazide, acylierte Triazole oder Urazole, z. B. Monoacetyl-maleinsäurehydrazid;
  • O,N,N-trisubstituierte Hydroxylamine, z. B. O-N,N-trisubstituierte Hydroxylamine, z. B. O-Benzoyl-N,N-succinylhydroxylamin, O-Acetyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroxylamin oder O,N,N-Triacetalhydroxylamin;
  • N,N'-Diacyl-sulfurylamide, z. B. N,N,'-Dimethyl-N,N'-diacetylsulfurylamid oder N,N'-Diethyl-N,N'-dipropionyl-sulfurylamid;
  • Triacylcyanurate, z. B. Triacetylcyanurat oder Tribenzoylcyanurat;
  • Carbonsäureanhydride, z. B. Benzoesäureanhydrid, m-Chlorbenzoesäureanhydrid oder Phthalsäureanhydrid;
  • 1,3-Diacyl-4,5-diacyloxy-imidazolin, z. B. 1,3-Diacetyl-4,5-diacetoxyimidazolin;
  • Tetraacetylglycoluril und Tetrapropionylglycoluril;
  • Diacylierte 2,5-Diketopiperazine, z. B. 1,4-Diacetyl-2,5-diketopiperazin;
  • Acylierungsprodukte von Propylendiharnstoff und 2,2-Dimethylpropylendiharnstoff, z. B. Tetraacetylpropylendiharnstoff,
  • α-Acyloxy-polyacyl-malonamide, z. B. α-Acetoxy-N,N'-diacetylmalonamid;
  • Diacyl-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, z. B. 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazin.
Further usable as bleach activators
  • N-diacylated and N, N'-tetracyclized amines, e.g. N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylmethyldiamine and ethylenediamine (TAED), N, N-diacetylaniline, N, N-diacetyl-p-toluidine or 1,3-diacylated hydantoins such as 1,3-diacetyl-5 , 5-dimethylhydantoin;
  • N-alkyl-N-sulfonyl-carboxamides, eg. N-methyl-N-mesyl-acetamide or N-methyl-N-mexyl-benzamide;
  • N-acylated cyclic hydrazides, acylated triazoles or urazoles, e.g. Monoacetyl-maleic hydrazide;
  • O, N, N-trisubstituted hydroxylamines, e.g. B. ON, N-trisubstituted hydroxylamines, eg. O-benzoyl-N, N-succinylhydroxylamine, O-acetyl-N, N-succinyl-hydroxylamine or O, N, N-triacetalhydroxylamine;
  • N, N'-diacyl-sulfurylamides, e.g. N, N, '- dimethyl-N, N'-diacetylsulfurylamide or N, N'-diethyl-N, N'-dipropionyl-sulfurylamide;
  • Triacylcyanurates, e.g. Triacetyl cyanurate or tribenzoyl cyanurate;
  • Carboxylic anhydrides, eg. Benzoic anhydride, m-chlorobenzoic anhydride or phthalic anhydride;
  • 1,3-Diacyl-4,5-diacyloxy-imidazoline, e.g. B. 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-diacetoxyimidazoline;
  • Tetraacetylglycoluril and tetrapropionylglycoluril;
  • Diacylated 2,5-diketopiperazines, e.g. For example, 1,4-diacetyl-2,5-diketopiperazine;
  • Acylation products of propylene diurea and 2,2-dimethylpropylenediurea, e.g. B. tetraacetylpropylenediurea,
  • α-acyloxy-polyacyl malonamides, e.g. For example, α-acetoxy-N, N'-diacetylmalonamide;
  • Diacyl-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazines, e.g. For example, 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine.

Ebenso als Bleichaktivatoren verwendbar sind 2-Alkyl- oder 2-Aryl-(4H)-3,1-benzoxain-4-one, wie sie beispielsweise in der EP-B-332 294 und der EP-B-502 013 beschrieben sind. Insbesondere sind 2-Phenyl-(4H)-3,1-benzoxain-4-on und 2-Methyl-(4H)-3,1-benzoxain-4-on verwendbar.Also usable as bleach activators are 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-ones, as described, for example, in US Pat EP-B-332 294 and the EP-B-502 013 are described. In particular, 2-phenyl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-one and 2-methyl- (4H) -3,1-benzoxain-4-one are useful.

Darüber hinaus können Bleichaktivatoren aus den Stoffklassen der N- oder O-Acylverbindungen, beispielsweise mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin, acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril, N-acylierte Hydantoine, Hydrazide, Triazole, Hydrotriazine, Urazole, Diketopiperazine, Sulfurylamide und Cyanurate, außerdem Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, Carbonsäureester, insbesondere Natrium-nonanoyloxy-benzolsulfonat, Natriumisononanoyloxy-benzolsulfonat und acylierte Zuckerderivate, wie Pentaacetylglukose verwendet werden.In addition, bleach activators from the classes of N- or O-acyl compounds, for example polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine, acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, hydrotriazines, urazoles, diketopiperazines, sulfurylamides and cyanurates, also carboxylic acid anhydrides , in particular phthalic anhydride, carboxylic acid esters, in particular sodium nonanoyloxy-benzenesulfonate, sodium isononanoyloxy-benzenesulfonate and acylated sugar derivatives, such as pentaacetyl-glucose are used.

Ein bevorzugter Bleichaktivator ist jedoch ein quarterniertes Glycinnitril aus der Gruppe N-Methylmorpholiniumacetonitril-methylsulfat, sulfat und -hydrogensulfat.However, a preferred bleach activator is a quaternized glycine nitrile from the group consisting of N-methylmorpholinium acetonitrile methyl sulfate, sulfate and hydrogen sulfate.

Als Bleichmittelsystem (Bleichmittel und Bleichmittelaktivatoren) können auch alle die in der DE 199 59 589 A1 genannten Bleichmittel und -aktivatoren enthalten sein. Außerdem können auch die Bleichmittelsysteme, die in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 02 028 958.3 genannt sind verwendet werden.As a bleach system (bleach and bleach activators), all those in the DE 199 59 589 A1 be mentioned bleaches and activators. In addition, the bleach systems described in European Patent Application EP 02 028 958.3 called are used.

Es ist bevorzugt, dass die unterschiedlichen Bestandteile der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung in verschiedenen Phasen/ Schichten / Bereichen der Formkörper enthalten sind. Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, dass sich ein Bestandteil, der zu einem späten Zeitpunkt des Reinigungsvorganges bereitgestellt werden soll in einer Phase / Schicht / Bereich befindet, in der / dem kein Sprengmittel enthalten ist.It is preferred that the different constituents of the detergent composition are contained in different phases / layers / regions of the moldings. In particular, it is preferred that a Ingredient to be provided late in the cleaning process is located in a phase / layer / area in which no disintegrant is contained.

Die Reinigungsmittel können auch ein oder mehrere Tensid(e) aus der Gruppe der nichtionischen, anionischen, kationischen und/oder amphoteren Tenside enthalten.The cleaning agents may also contain one or more surfactants (s) from the group of nonionic, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.

Die Sprengwirkung des im Sprengmittelgranulat eingesetzten Polymers wird in Gegenwart nichtionischer Tenside abgeschwächt. Daher ist es bevorzugt nichtionische Tenside in der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung nur in geringen Mengen einzusetzen, bevorzugt unter ungefähr 16 Gew%, besonders bevorzugt in Bereichen von 0 bis 8 Gew% des Reinigungsmittels, bzw. in der Reinigungsmittelphase, die bevorzugt das Sprengmittel enthält.The explosive effect of the polymer used in the disintegrant granules is attenuated in the presence of nonionic surfactants. It is therefore preferred to use nonionic surfactants in the detergent composition only in small amounts, preferably below about 16% by weight, more preferably in ranges of from 0 to 8% by weight of the detergent, or in the detergent phase, which preferably contains the disintegrant.

Weitere wichtige Inhaltsstoffe. von Reinigungsmitteln stammen aus den Gruppen der Tenside, Enzyme, Korrosionsinhibitoren sowie der Farb- und Duftstoffe. Diese Stoffe werden nachfolgend beschrieben.Other important ingredients. Detergents come from the groups of surfactants, enzymes, corrosion inhibitors and dyes and fragrances. These substances are described below.

Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxylierte, insbesondere primäre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann bzw. lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z. B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehören beispielsweise C12-C14-Alkohole mit 3 EO oder 4 EO, C9-C11-Alkohole mit 7 EO, C13-C15-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, C12-C18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7 EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus C12-C14-Alkohol mit 3 EO und C12-C18-Alkohol mit 5 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein können. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung auf (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). Zusätzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden können auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Talgfettalkohol mit 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO.The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. From coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average from 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Außerdem können als weitere nichtionische Tenside auch Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)x eingesetzt werden, in der R einen primären geradkettigen oder methylverzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeutet und G das Symbol ist, das für eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise für Glucose, steht. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad x, der die Verteilung von Monoglykosiden und Oligoglykosiden, angibt, ist eine beliebige Zahl zwischen 1 und 10; vorzugsweise liegt x bei 1,2 bis 1,4.In addition, as further nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.

Eine weitere Klasse bevorzugt eingesetzter nichtionischer Tenside, die entweder als alleiniges nichtionisches Tensid oder in Kombination mit anderen nichtionischen Tensiden eingesetzt werden, sind alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder ethoxylierte und propoxylierte Fettsäurealkylester, vorzugsweise mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylkette, insbesondere Fettsäuremethylester.Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters.

Auch nichtionische Tenside vom Typ der Aminoxide, beispielsweise N-Kokosalkyl-N,N-dimethylaminoxid und N-Talgalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid, und der Fettsäurealkanolamide können geeignet sein. Die Menge dieser nichtionischen Tenside beträgt vorzugsweise nicht mehr als die der ethoxylierten Fettalkohole, insbesondere nicht mehr als die Hälfte davon.Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

Weitere geeignete Tenside sind Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide der Formel (I),

Figure imgb0001
in der RCO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R1 für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I)
Figure imgb0001
wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

Zur Gruppe der Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide gehören auch Verbindungen der Formel (II),

Figure imgb0002
The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
Figure imgb0002

In der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R1 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R2 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Arylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C1-C4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes.In the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyaryl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred and [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] wird vorzugsweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierten Zuckers erhalten, beispielsweise Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Galactose, Mannose oder Xylose. Die N-Alkoxy- oder N-Aryloxy-substituierten Verbindungen können dann durch Umsetzung mit Fettsäuremethylestern in Gegenwart eines Alkoxids als Katalysator in die gewünschten Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide überführt werden.[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

Umgekehrt kann aber auch durch den Gehalt einzelner Phasen oder des gesamten Formkörpers, d. h. aller Phasen, an bestimmten Tensiden ein positiver Effekt erzielt werden. Das Einbringen der oben beschriebenen A1-kylpropylglycoside hat sich dabei als vorteilhaft erwiesen, so dass Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper bevorzugt sind, in denen mindestens eine Phase der Formkörper Alkylpolyglycoside enthält.Conversely, however, can also by the content of individual phases or the entire molding, d. H. all phases, on certain surfactants a positive effect can be achieved. The incorporation of the above-described A1 kylpropylglycoside has proved to be advantageous, so that detergent tablets are preferred in which at least one phase of the moldings contains alkylpolyglycosides.

Als bevorzugte Tenside werden schwachschäumende nichtionische Tenside eingesetzt. Mit besonderem Vorzug enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmitteltabletten für das maschinelle Geschirrspülen nichtionische Tenside, insbesondere nichtionische Tenside aus der Gruppe der alkoxylierten Alkohole. Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxylierte, insbesondere primäre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann bzw. lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z. B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehören beispielsweise C12-C14-Alkohole mit 3 EO oder 4 EO, C9-C11-Alkohol mit 7 EO, C13-C15-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, C12-C18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7 EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus C12-C14-Alkohol mit 3 EO und C12-C18-Alkohol mit 5 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein können. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung auf (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). Zusätzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden können auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Talgfettalkohol mit 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO.Low-foaming nonionic surfactants are used as preferred surfactants. With particular preference, the automatic dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention comprise nonionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. From coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average from 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Insbesondere bevorzugt sind erfindungsgemäße Reinigungsmitteltabletten, die ein nichtionisches Tensid enthalten, das einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb Raumtemperatur aufweist. Demzufolge sind bevorzugte Reinigungsmitteltabletten dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Inhaltsstoff c) nichtionische(s) Tensid(e) mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 20°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 25°C, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 und 60°C und insbesondere zwischen 26,6 und 43,3°C enthalten.Particular preference is given to detergent tablets according to the invention which contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature. Accordingly, preferred detergent tablets are characterized in that they contain as ingredient c) nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and in particular between 26, 6 and 43.3 ° C included.

Geeignete nichtionische Tenside, die Schmelz- bzw. Erweichungspunkte im genannten Temperaturbereich aufweisen, sind beispielsweise schwachschäumende nichtionische Tenside, die bei Raumtemperatur fest oder hochviskos sein können. Werden bei Raumtemperatur hochviskose Niotenside eingesetzt, so ist bevorzugt, dass diese eine Viskosität oberhalb von 20 Pas, vorzugsweise 35 Pas und insbesondere oberhalb 40 Pas aufweisen. Auch Niotenside, die bei Raumtemperatur wachsartige Konsistenz besitzen, sind bevorzugt.Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If high-viscosity nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.

Bevorzugt als bei Raumtemperatur feste einzusetzende Niotenside stammen aus den Gruppen der alkoxylierten Niotenside, insbesondere der ethoxylierten primären Alkohole und Mischungen dieser Tenside mit strukturell komplizierter aufgebauten Tensiden wie Polyoxypropylen/Polyoxyethylen/Polyoxypropylen (PO/EO/PO)-Tenside. Solche (PO/EO/PO)-Niotenside zeichnen sich darüber hinaus durch gute Schaumkontrolle aus.Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols, and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants. Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das nichtionische Tensid mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb Raumtemperatur ein ethoxyliertes Niotensid, das aus der Reaktion von einem Monohydroxyalkanol oder Alkylphenol mit 6 bis 20 C-Atomen mit vorzugsweise mindestens 12 Mol, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 15 Mol, insbesondere mindestens 25 Mol Ethylenoxid pro Mol Alkohol bzw. Alkylphenol hervorgegangen ist.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.

Ein besonders bevorzugtes bei Raumtemperatur festes, einzusetzendes Niotensid wird aus einem geradkettigen Fettalkohol mit 16 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen (C16-C20-Alkohol), vorzugsweise einem C18-Alkohol und mindestens 12 Mol, vorzugsweise mindestens 15 Mol und insbesondere mindestens 25 Mol Ethylenoxid gewonnen. Hierunter sind die sogenannten "narrow range ethoxylates" (siehe oben) besonders bevorzugt.A particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is selected from a straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16 -C 20 -alcohol), preferably a C 18 -alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 25 mol of ethylene oxide. Of these, the so-called "narrow range ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.

Das bei Raumtemperatur feste Niotensid besitzt vorzugsweise zusätzlich Propylenoxideinheiten im Molekül. Vorzugsweise machen solche PO-Einheiten bis zu 25 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 20 Gew. -% und insbesondere bis zu 15 Gew.-% der gesamten Molmasse des nichtionischen Tensids aus. Besonders bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind ethoxylierte Monohydroxyalkanole oder Alkylphenole, die zusätzlich Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen Blockcopolymereinheiten aufweisen. Der Alkohol- bzw. Alkylphenolteil solcher Niotensidmoleküle macht dabei vorzugsweise mehr als 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 50 Gew.-% und insbesondere mehr als 70 Gew.-% der gesamten Molmasse solcher Niotenside aus.The nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule. Preferably, such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, particularly preferably 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from. Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units. The alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.

Weitere besonders bevorzugt einzusetzende Niotenside mit Schmelzpunkten oberhalb Raumtemperatur enthalten 40 bis 70 % eines Polyoxyporpylen/Polyoxyethylen-Blockpolymerblends, der 75 Gew.-% eines umgekehrten Blockcopolymers von Polyoxyethylen und Polyoxypropylen mit 17 Mol Ethylenoxid und 44 Mol Propylenoxid und 25 Gew.-% eines Blockcopolymers von Polyoxyethylen und Polyoxypropylen, initiiert mit Trimethylolpropan und enthaltend 24 Mol Ethylenoxid und 99 Mol Propylenoxid pro Mol Trimethylolpropan.Further particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.

Nichtionische Tenside, die mit besonderem Vorzug eingesetzt werden können, sind beispielsweise unter dem Namen Poly Tergent® SLF-18 von der Firma Olin Chemicals erhältlich.Nonionic surfactants which may be used with particular preference are available, for example, under the name Poly Tergent® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.

Weiter bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Reinigungsmitteltabletten enthalten nichtionische Tenside der Formel R1O[CH2CH(CH3)O]x[CH2CH2O]y[CH2CH(OH)R2], in der R1 für einen linearen oder verzweigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Mischungen hieraus steht, R2 einen linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Mischungen hieraus bezeichnet und x für Werte zwischen 0,5 und 1,5 und y für einen Wert von mindestens 15 steht.Further preferred detergent tablets according to the invention contain nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y [CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ], in which R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15 ,

Weitere bevorzugte einsetzbare Niotenside sind die endgruppenverschlossenen Poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]x[CH2]kCH(OH)[CH2]jOR2, in der R1 und R2 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen stehen, R3 für H oder einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, n-Butyl-, 2-Butyl- oder 2-Methyl-2-Butylrest steht, x für Werte zwischen 1 und 30, k und j für Werte zwischen 1 und 12, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 stehen. Wenn der Wert x 2 ist, kann jedes R3 in der oben stehenden Formel unterschiedlich sein. R1 und R2 sind vorzugsweise lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Reste mit 8 bis 18 C-Atomen besonders bevorzugt sind. Für den Rest R3 sind H, -CH3 oder -CH2CH3 besonders bevorzugt. Besonders bevorzugte Werte für x liegen im Bereich von 1 bis 20, insbesondere von 6 bis 15.Further preferred nonionic surfactants which may be used are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2 X is butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value is x 2, each R 3 in the above formula may be different. R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R 3 , H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

Wie vorstehend beschrieben, kann jedes R3 in der oben stehenden Formel unterschiedlich sein, falls x 2 ist. Hierdurch kann die Alkylenoxideinheit in der eckigen Klammer variiert werden. Steht x beispielsweise für 3, kann der Rest R3 ausgewählt werden, um Ethylenoxid-(R3=H) oder Propylenoxid-(R3=CH3) Einheiten zu bilden, die in jedweder Reihenfolge aneinandergefügt sein können, beispielsweise (EO)(PO)(EO), (EO)(EO)(PO), (EO)(EO)(EO), (PO)(EO)(PO), (PO)(PO)(EO) und (PO)(PO)(PO). Der Wert 3 für x ist hierbei beispielhaft gewählt worden und kann durchaus größer sein, wobei die Variationsbreite mit steigenden x-Werten zunimmt und beispielsweise eine große Anzahl (EO)-Gruppen, kombiniert mit einer geringen Anzahl (PO)-Gruppen einschließt, oder umgekehrt.As described above, each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x is 2. As a result, the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied. For example, when x is 3, the radical R 3 can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R 3 = H) or propylene oxide (R 3 = CH 3 ) units which may be joined in any order, for example (EO) ( PO) (EO), (EO) (EO) (PO), (EO) (EO) (EO), (PO) (EO) (PO), (PO) (PO) (EO) and (PO) ( PO) (PO). The value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,

Insbesondere bevorzugte endgruppenverschlossenen Poly(oxyalkylierte) Alkohole der oben stehenden Formel weisen Werte von k = 1 und j = 1 auf, so dass sich die vorstehende Formel zu R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]xCH2CH(OH)CH2OR2 vereinfacht. In der letztgenannten Formel sind R1, R2 und R3 wie oben definiert und x steht für Zahlen von 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 20 und insbesondere von 6 bis 18. Besonders bevorzugt sind Tenside, bei denen die Reste R1 und R2 9 bis 14 C-Atome aufweisen, R3 für H steht und x Werte von 6 bis 15 annimmt.Particularly preferred end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1 such that the above formula is R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH ) CH 2 OR 2 simplified. In the latter formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.

Als Enzyme kommen in den erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmittelformkörpern insbesondere solche aus den Klassen der Hydrolasen wie der Proteasen, Esterasen Lipasen bzw. lipolytisch wirkende Enzyme, Amylasen, Glykosylhydrolasen und Gemische der genannten Enzyme in Frage. Alle diese Hydrolasen tragen zur Entfernung von Anschmutzungen wie protein-, fett- oder stärkehaltigen Verfleckungen bei. Zur Bleiche können auch Oxidoreduktasen eingesetzt werden. Besonders gut geeignet sind aus Bakterienstämmen oder Pilzen wie Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus cinereus und Humicola insolens sowie aus deren gentechnisch modifizierten Varianten gewonnene enzymatische Wirkstoffe. Vorzugsweise werden Proteasen vom Subtilisin-Typ und insbesondere Proteasen, die aus Bacillus lentus gewonnen werden, eingesetzt. Dabei sind Enzymmischungen, beispielsweise aus Protease und Amylase oder Protease und Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen oder aus Protease, Amylase und Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen oder Protease, Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen, insbesondere jedoch Protease und/oder lipasehaltige Mischungen bzw. Mischungen mit lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen von besonderem Interesse. Beispiele für derartige lipolytisch wirkende Enzyme sind die bekannten Cutinasen. Auch Peroxidasen oder Oxidasen haben sich in einigen Fällen als geeignet erwiesen. Zu den geeigneten Amylasen zählen insbesondere α-Amylasen, Iso-Amylasen, Pullulanasen und Pektinasen.Suitable enzymes in the detergent tablets according to the invention are, in particular, those from the classes of hydrolases, such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of said enzymes. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, fatty or starchy stains. For bleaching and oxidoreductases can be used. Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, Coprinus cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as from their genetically modified variants obtained enzymatic agents. Preferably, subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. In this case, enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or Mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases. Suitable amylases include in particular α-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.

Die Enzyme können an Trägerstoffe adsorbiert oder in Hüllsubstanzen eingebettet sein, um sie gegen vorzeitige Zersetzung zu schützen. Der Anteil der Enzyme, Enzymmischungen oder Enzymgranulate kann beispielsweise etwa 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis etwa 4,5 Gew.-% betragen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugte Reinigungsmittelformkörper sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Protease und/oder Amylase enthalten.The enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers or embedded in encapsulants to protect against premature degradation. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5 wt .-% amount. In the context of the present invention preferred detergent tablets are characterized in that they contain protease and / or amylase.

Dadurch, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmittel formkörper das bzw. die Enzym(e) in unterschiedlichen Phasen enthalten können, lassen sich Formkörper mit sehr genau definierter Enzymfreisetzung und -wirkung bereitstellen. Die nachstehende Tabelle gibt eine Übersicht über mögliche Enzymerteilungen in erfindungsgemäßen zweiphasigen Reinigungsmittelformkörpern: Phase 1 Phase 2 Amylase Protease Lipase Amylase + Protease Amylase + Lipase Protease + Lipase Amylase + Protease + Lipase Amylase Protease Lipase Amylase + Protease Amylase + Lipase Protease + Lipase Amylase + Protease + Lipase Amylase Amylase Protease Amylase Amylase + Protease Amylase Amylase Protease Protease Protease Amylase + Protease Protease Amylase Amylase + Protease Protease Amylase + Protease Amylase + Protease Amylase + Protease Lipase Amylase Amylase + Lipase Amylase Protease + Lipase Amylase Amylase + Protease + Lipase Amylase Lipase Protease Amylase + Lipase Protease Protease + Lipase Protease Amylase + Protease + Lipase Protease Lipase Amylase + Protease Amylase + Lipase Amylase + Protease Protease + Lipase Amylase + Protease Amylase + Protease + Lipase Amylase + Protease Due to the fact that the detergent compositions according to the invention can contain the enzyme (s) in different phases, it is possible to provide moldings with very precisely defined enzyme release and action. The table below gives an overview of possible enzyme distributions in two-phase detergent tablets according to the invention: Phase 1 Phase 2 amylase protease lipase Amylase + protease Amylase + lipase Protease + lipase Amylase + protease + lipase amylase protease lipase Amylase + protease Amylase + lipase Protease + lipase Amylase + protease + lipase amylase amylase protease amylase Amylase + protease amylase amylase protease protease protease Amylase + protease protease amylase Amylase + protease protease Amylase + protease Amylase + protease Amylase + protease lipase amylase Amylase + lipase amylase Protease + lipase amylase Amylase + protease + lipase amylase lipase protease Amylase + lipase protease Protease + lipase protease Amylase + protease + lipase protease lipase Amylase + protease Amylase + lipase Amylase + protease Protease + lipase Amylase + protease Amylase + protease + lipase Amylase + protease

Werden die Enzyme nur in einer Phase der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper eingesetzt, so sind Reinigungsmittelformkörper bevorzugt, bei denen das/die Enzym(e) nicht in einer Phase zusammen mit der bleichverstärkenden Wirkstoffkombination enthalten ist/sind.If the enzymes are used only in one phase of the moldings according to the invention, detergent moldings are preferred in which the enzyme (s) is / are not contained in one phase together with the bleach-enhancing active ingredient combination.

Auch die Trennung des Bleichmittels von den Enzymen ist hierbei bevorzugt. Reinigungsmittelformkörper, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass mindestens eine Phase Bleichmittel enthält, während mindestens eine andere Phase Enzyme enthält, sind ebenfalls bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung.The separation of the bleaching agent from the enzymes is hereby preferred. Detergent tablets characterized in that at least one phase contains bleach while at least one other phase contains enzymes are also preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmittel können zum Schutz des Spülgutes oder der Maschine Korrosionsinhibitoren enthalten, wobei besonders Silberschutzmittel im Bereich des maschinellen Geschirrspülens eine besondere Bedeutung haben. Einsetzbar sind die bekannten Substanzen des Standes der Technik. Allgemein können vor allem Silberschutzmittel ausgewählt werden aus der Gruppe der Triazole, der Benzotriazole, der Bisbenzotriazole, der Aminotriazole, der Alkylaminotriazole und der Übergangsmetallsalze oder -komplexe eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt zu verwenden sind Benzotriazol und/oder Alkylaminotriazol. Man findet in Reinigerformulierungen darüber hinaus häufig aktivchlorhaltige Mittel, die das Korrodieren der Silberoberfläche deutlich vermindern können. In chlorfreien Reinigern werden besonders Sauerstoff und stickstoffhaltige organische redoxaktive Verbindungen, wie zwei- und dreiwertige Phenole, z. B. Hydrochinon, Brenzkatechin, Hydroxyhydrochinon, Gallussäure, Phloroglucin, Pyrogallol bzw. Derivate dieser Verbindungsklassen. Ebenfalls können Zinkverbindungen zur Verhinderung der Korrosion am Spülgut eingesetzt werden.The detergents according to the invention may contain corrosion inhibitors for protecting the items to be washed or the machine, with silver protectants in particular being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, especially silver protectants can be selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes are used. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface. In chlorine-free cleaners are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also, zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.

Enthalten die Reinigungsmitteltabletten Korrosionsinhibitoren, so sind diese bevorzugt von den Bleichmitteln getrennt. Dementsprechend sind Reinigungsmittelformkörper, bei denen mindestens eine Phase Bleichmittel enthält, während mindestens eine andere Phase Korrosionsschutzmittel enthält, bevorzugt.If the detergent tablets contain corrosion inhibitors, they are preferably separated from the bleaching agents. Accordingly, detergent tablets in which at least one phase contains bleach while at least one other phase contains corrosion inhibitors are preferred.

Bevorzugte Aniontenside sind die Salze der Alkylsulfobernsteinsäure, die auch als Sulfosuccinate oder als Sulfobernsteinsäureester bezeichnet werden und die Monoester und/oder Diester der Sulfobernsteinsäure mit Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholen und insbesondere ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen darstellen. Bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten C8 bis C18 Fettalkoholreste oder Mischungen aus diesen. Besonders bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten einen Fettalkoholrest, der sich von ethoxylierten Fettsäuren ableitet, die für sich betrachtet nichtionische Tenside darstellen (Beschreibung siehe unten). Dabei sind wiederum Sulfosuccinate, deren Fettalkoholreste sich von ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung ableiten besonders bevorzugt. Ebenso ist es auch möglich Alk(en)ylbernsteinsäure mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alk(en)ylkette oder deren Salze einzusetzen.Preferred anionic surfactants are the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C8 to C18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty acids, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). In turn, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol radicals are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Bevorzugte Aniontensid-Mischungen enthalten Kombinationen aus Alk(en)ylsulfaten, insbesondere Mischungen aus gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettalk(en)ylsulfaten, und Alkylbenzolsulfonaten, sulfierten Fettsäureglycerinestern und/oder α-Sulfofettsäureestern. Insbesondere sind hierbei Mischungen bevorzugt, die als anionische Tenside Alk(en)ylsulfate und Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Alk(en)ylsulfate und α-Sulfofettsäuremethylester und/oder sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester enthalten.Preferred anionic surfactant mixtures contain combinations of alk (en) ylsulfates, in particular mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty alk (en) ylsulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters and / or α-sulfofatty acid esters. In particular, mixtures are preferred here which contain as anionic surfactants alk (en) ylsulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates, alk (en) ylsulfates and α-sulfofatty acid methyl esters and / or sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.

Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen insbesondere Seifen, vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.% in Betracht. Geeignet sind beispielsweise gesättigte Fettsäureseifen, wie die Salze der Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure oder Stearinsäure, sowie insbesondere aus natürlichen Fettsäuren, z.B. Kokos-, Palmkern- oder Talgfettsäuren abgeleitete Seifengemische. Besonders sind solche Seifengemische bevorzugt, die zu 50 bis 100 Gew.% aus gesättigten C12-C24 Fettsäureseifen und zu 0 bis 50 Gew.% aus Ölsäureseife zusammengesetzt sind.As further anionic surfactants are in particular soaps, preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt.% Into consideration. Suitable examples are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. Particularly preferred are those soap mixtures which are composed of 50 to 100% by weight of saturated C 12 -C 24 fatty acid soaps and 0 to 50% by weight of oleic acid soap.

Die anionischen Tenside und Seifen können in Form ihrer Natrium-, Kaliumoder Ammoniumsalze sowie als lösliche Salze organischer Basen, wie Mono-, Di- oder Triethanolamin vorliegen. Vorzugsweise liegen die anionischen Tenside in Form ihrer Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze, insbesondere in Form ihrer Natriumsalze vor.The anionic surfactants and soaps can be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of their sodium salts.

Weitere bevorzugte Inhaltsstoffe sind in Wasser alkalisch reagierende anorganische Salze. Zu diesen anorganischen alkalisch reagierenden Salzen gehören insbesondere Bicarbonate, Carbonate oder Mischungen derselben. Vorzugsweise werden Alkalicarbonat und vor allem Natriumcarbonat eingesetzt.Further preferred ingredients are inorganic salts which react alkaline in water. These inorganic alkaline salts include in particular bicarbonates, carbonates or mixtures thereof. Preferably, alkali metal carbonate and especially sodium carbonate are used.

Beispiele für weitere übliche Zusätze und Hilfsstoffe sind Enzyme, Magnesiumsilikate, Aluminiumaluminate, Benzotriazol, Glycerin, Magnesiumstearat, Polyalkylenglycole, Hexametaphosphat sowie Phosphonate.Examples of other customary additives and auxiliaries are enzymes, magnesium silicates, aluminum aluminates, benzotriazole, glycerol, magnesium stearate, polyalkylene glycols, hexametaphosphate and phosphonates.

Als weiterer Bestandteil der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung kommen Substanzen in Betracht, die eine gegen Korrosion schützende Wirkung für Glas haben. Glas-Korrosionsschutz wird auch bereits durch den Einsatz des für das Sprengmittel verwendete Polymer erreicht, da ein solches Polymer einen dünnen Film über das Glas legt, der das Glas vor Korrosion schützt, allerdings können darüber hinaus auch weitere bekannte Mittel zum Korrosionsschutz eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Metalloxide, wie z.B. Oxide von Zink, Aluminium, Zinn, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Silicium, Titan, Zirkonium, Mangan und Lanthanen, oder unlösliche anorganische Zinkverbindungen, wie sie in der EP 0 383 482 beschrieben sind, oder auch Zink- oder Magnesiumsalze organischer Verbindungen, wie sie in der DE 101 40 535 beschrieben sind.Another component of the detergent composition are substances which have an anti-corrosion effect on glass. Glass corrosion protection is also already achieved through the use of the polymer used for the disintegrant, since such a polymer lays a thin film over the glass which protects the glass from corrosion, but other well-known anti-corrosive agents can also be used. Examples of these are metal oxides, such as oxides of zinc, aluminum, tin, magnesium, calcium, strontium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, manganese and lanthanum, or insoluble inorganic zinc compounds, as described in the EP 0 383 482 or zinc or magnesium salts of organic compounds, as described in the DE 101 40 535 are described.

Zusätzlich können den erfindungsgemäßen maschinellen Geschirrspülmitteln in Tablettenform Farb- und Duftstoffe zugesetzt werden, um den ästhetischen Eindruck der entstehenden Produkte zu verbessern und dem Verbraucher neben der Leistung ein visuell und sensorisch "typisches und unverwechselbares" Produkt zur Verfügung zu stellen. Als Parfümöle bzw. Duftstoffe können einzelne Riechstoffverbindungen, z. B. die synthetischen Produkte vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet werden. Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind z. B. Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat, p-tert.-Butylcyclohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat, Phenylethylacetat, Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat, Ethylmethylphenylglycinat, Allylcyclohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat und Benzylsalicylat. Zu den Ethern zählen beispielsweise Benzylethylether, zu den Aldehyden z. B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8 bis 18 C-Atomen, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial und Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z. B. die Jonone, α-Isomethylionen und Methylcedrylketon, zu den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Phenylethylalkohol und Termpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören hauptsächlich die Terpene wie Limonen und Pinen. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen verschiedener Riechstoffe verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen. Solche Parfümöle können auch natürliche Riechstoffgemische enthalten, wie sie aus pflanzlichen Quellen zugänglich sind, z. B. Pine-, Citrus-, Jasmin-, Patchouly-, Rosen- oder Ylang-Ylang-Öl. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Muskateller, Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl, Minzöl, Zimtblätteröl, Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeeröl, Vetiveröl, Olibanumöl, Galbanumöl und Labdanumöl sowie Orangenblütenöl, Neroliol, Orangenschalenöl und Sandelholzöl.In addition, colorants and fragrances may be added to the automatic dishwashing compositions according to the invention in tablet form in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer with a visual and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product in addition to the performance. As perfume oils or perfumes, individual fragrance compounds, eg. As the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethylacetate, linalylbenzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylsalicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones z. The alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and termpineol; the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance. Such perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage, chamomile, clove, lemon balm, mint, cinnamon, lime, juniper, vetiver, olibanum, galbanum and labdanum, and orange blossom, neroliol, orange peel and sandalwood.

Die Duftstoffe können direkt in die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper eingearbeitet werden, es kann aber auch vorteilhaft sein, die Duftstoffe auf Träger aufzubringen. Als solche Trägermaterialien haben sich beispielsweise Cyclodextrine bewährt, wobei die Cyclodextrin-Parfüm-Komplexe zusätzlich noch mit weiteren Hilfsstoffen beschichtet werden können. Auch eine Inkorporation der Duftstoffe als Inhaltsstoff d) in die erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmittelkomponenten ist möglich und führt zu einem Dufteindruck beim Öffnen der Maschine.The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the moldings of the invention, but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances on carriers. As such carrier materials, for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients. An incorporation of the fragrances as ingredient d) in the detergent components of the invention is possible and leads to a fragrance impression when opening the machine.

Um den ästhetischen Eindruck der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zu verbessern, kann es (oder Teile davon) mit geeigneten Farbstoffen eingefärbt werden. Bevorzugte Farbstoffe, deren Auswahl dem Fachmann keinerlei Schwierigkeit bereitet, besitzen eine hohe Lagerstabilität und Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber den übrigen Inhaltsstoffen der Mittel und gegen Licht sowie keine ausgeprägte Substantivität gegenüber den mit den Mitteln zu behandelnden Substraten wie Glas, Keramik oder Kunststoffgeschirr, um diese nicht anzufärben. Insbesondere das Einfärben einzelner Phasen zur optischen Differenzierung ist dabei bevorzugt.In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents according to the invention, it (or parts thereof) can be dyed with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and against light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the agents such as glass, ceramic or plastic dishes, not to stain them. In particular, the coloring of individual phases for optical differentiation is preferred.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen noch weiter erläutert, ohne daß sie auf diese beschränkt werden soll. Alle Angaben beziehen sich auf Gewicht, es sei denn, es ist im Einzelfalle etwas anderes angegeben.The invention will be further explained with reference to embodiments, without being limited to these. All data are by weight unless otherwise indicated in individual cases.

Die in den Beispielen genannten Tabletten sind als Mono-, Doppel- und Dreifach-Phasen Tabletten einsetzbar. Die einzelnen Bestandteile können in unterschiedlichen Bereichen / Phasen der Formkörper verteilt sein.The tablets mentioned in the examples can be used as mono-, double- and triple-phase tablets. The individual constituents can be distributed in different regions / phases of the shaped bodies.

Beispiel 1example 1

Tabelle 1:Beispiele für Zusammensetzungen phosphathaltiger Geschirrspültabletten (alle Mengen in Gew.teilen).Table 1: Examples of compositions of phosphate-containing dishwashing tablets (all amounts in parts by weight). Formulierungformulation 11 22 33 44 Bestandteil:Component: Na-TripolyphosphatNa tripolyphosphate 35,0035,00 45,0045,00 18,0018,00 60,0060,00 Na-CarbonatNa carbonate 30,0030.00 20,0020.00 10,0010.00 -- Na-BicarbonatNa-bicarbonate -- -- 10,0010.00 -- Silikatsilicate 4,004.00 10,0010.00 5,005.00 -- Citratcitrate -- 5,005.00 10,0010.00 -- Na-Percarbonat oder Na-PerboratNa-percarbonate or Na-perborate 15,0015.00 8,008.00 20,0020.00 20,0020.00 TAEDTAED 4,004.00 5,005.00 2,002.00 2,002.00 nichtionisches Tensidnonionic surfactant 2,002.00 1,001.00 5,005.00 2,002.00 Phosphonatphosphonate 1,001.00 0,500.50 2,002.00 1,001.00 Acrylat-Maleat CopolymerAcrylate-maleate copolymer 1,001.00 -- 5,005.00 3,003.00 Enzymeenzymes 2,002.00 1,001.00 3,003.00 2,002.00 Polyethylenglycol 1.500 - 10.000Polyethylene glycol 1,500 - 10,000 2,002.00 3,003.00 1,001.00 2,002.00 ParfumPerfume 0,500.50 0,050.05 2,002.00 1,001.00 Sprengmittelexplosives 3,503.50 1,451.45 7,007.00 7,007.00

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Tabelle 2:Beispiele für Zusammensetzungen phosphatfreier Geschirrspültabletten (alle Mengen in Gew.teilen).Table 2: Examples of compositions of phosphate-free dishwasher tablets (all amounts in parts by weight). Formulierungformulation 55 66 77 Bestandteil:Component: Na-CarbonatNa carbonate 30,0030.00 15,0015.00 -- Na-BicarbonatNa-bicarbonate -- -- 5,005.00 Silikatsilicate 4,004.00 15,0015.00 30,0030.00 Citratcitrate 35,0035,00 50,0050,00 20,0020.00 Na-Percarbonat oder Na-PerboratNa-percarbonate or Na-perborate 15,0015.00 8,008.00 18,0018,00 TAEDTAED 4,004.00 5,005.00 2,002.00 nichtionisches Tensidnonionic surfactant 2,002.00 1,001.00 5,005.00 Phosphonatphosphonate 1,001.00 0,500.50 2,002.00 Acrylat-Maleat CopolymerAcrylate-maleate copolymer 1,001.00 -- 5,005.00 Enzymeenzymes 2,002.00 1,001.00 3,003.00 Polyethylenglycol 1.500 - 10.000Polyethylene glycol 1,500 - 10,000 2,002.00 3,003.00 1,001.00 ParfumPerfume 0,500.50 0,050.05 2,002.00 Sprengmittelexplosives 3,503.50 1,451.45 7,007.00

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

Vergleich der Sprengwirkung verschiedener Sprengmittel in Maschinengeschirrreinigertabletten:Comparison of the explosive effect of different disintegrants in machine dishwashing detergent tablets:

Verwendete Basisformulierung für eine Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung: Inhaltsstoff % w/w Natriumtripolyphosphat 37 Natriumcarbonat 40 TAED 12 Enzyme (Granulat) 6 Glycerin 1,2 Polyethylenglycol MW 4000 2 Parfümöl 0,05 Alkoxylierter (EO/PO) Fettalkohol 1,75 100 Basic formulation used for a detergent composition: ingredient % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 37 sodium 40 TAED 12 Enzymes (granules) 6 glycerin 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 2 perfume oil 0.05 Alkoxylated (EO / PO) fatty alcohol 1.75 100

Zu dieser Basisformulierung werden verschiedene Mengen verschiedener Sprengmittel zugegeben und jeweils 20 g der so hergestellten Mischung werden zu Tabletten verpresst. Anschließend wird die Zeit gemessen, die die Tabletten zum Auflösen in Wasser benötigen. Die erhaltenen Werte sind in Tabelle 3 wiedergegeben. Tabelle 3: Eingesetzte Menge Sprengmittel (% w/w) Auflösezeit bis zum vollständigen Zerfall Dallicel (1) Nilyl XL 16(2) Supercel(3) 0 > 20 min > 20 min > 20 min 3 > 20 min 5 min 1 min 4 > 20 min 5 min 30 sec 5 15 min 30 sec 10 sec 10 3 min 10 sec 10 sec (1) Dallicel ist ein Sprengmittel auf Basis von Cellulose und einem (Meth)acrylat-Polymer, wie es in den EP 1 004 656 , EP 1 004 661 und EP 1 043 391 beschrieben ist.
(2) Nilyl XL 16 ist ein kommerziell erhältliches Sprengmittel auf Cellulose-Basis, erhältlich von der Firma FMC corporation USA.
(3) Supercel ist das hier erfindungsgemäß beschriebene Sprengmittel, enthaltend Cellulose und ein α-Olefin-Maleinsäure-Copolymer (Sokalan CP9) in Form eines "Mischgranulats"
To this base formulation, various amounts of various disintegrants are added and each 20 g of the mixture thus prepared are compressed into tablets. Subsequently, the time taken for the tablets to dissolve in water is measured. The values obtained are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Amount used Explosives (% w / w) Dissolution time until complete disintegration Dallicle (1) Nilyl XL 16 (2) Supercel (3) 0 > 20 min > 20 min > 20 min 3 > 20 min 5 min 1 min 4 > 20 min 5 min 30 sec 5 15 minutes 30 sec 10 sec 10 3 min 10 sec 10 sec (1) Dallicel is a disintegrant based on cellulose and a (meth) acrylate polymer as described in U.S. Pat EP 1 004 656 . EP 1 004 661 and EP 1 043 391 is described.
(2) Nilyl XL 16 is a commercially available cellulose-based disintegrant available from FMC corporation USA.
(3) Supercel is the disintegrant described herein according to the invention containing cellulose and an α-olefin-maleic acid copolymer (Sokalan CP9) in the form of a "mixed granulate"

Wie die Zerfallswerte in Tabelle 3 zeigen, sprengt ein Sprengmittel, das ein wenigstens ein α-Olefin enthaltendes Polymer umfasst "(Supercel") eine zu einer Tablette verpresste Geschirrreiniger-Zusammensetzung bereits bei einer geringen Konzentration deutlich schneller als bisher auf dem Markt befindliche Sprengmittel.As shown by the decomposition values in Table 3, a disintegrant comprising a polymer containing at least one alpha-olefin "(Supercel") disintegrates a dishwashing detergent composition pressed into a tablet much faster than previously available disintegrants even at a low concentration.

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Vergleich de Sprengwirkung verschiedener Sprengmittel nach Lagerung der Tabletten:Comparison of the explosive effect of various disintegrants after storage of the tablets:

Verwendete Basisformulierung für eine Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung: Inhaltsstoff % w/w Natriumtripolyphosphat 50 Natriumcarbonat 30,75 Enzyme (Granulat) 10 Polyethylenglycol MW 200 1,2 Polyethylenglycol MW 4000 1 Parfümöl 0,05 Alkoxylierter (EO/PO) Fettalkohol 1 94 Basic formulation used for a detergent composition: ingredient % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 50 sodium 30.75 Enzymes (granules) 10 Polyethylene glycol MW 200 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 1 perfume oil 0.05 Alkoxylated (EO / PO) fatty alcohol 1 94

Zu dieser Basisformulierung werden je 6 g verschiedener Sprengmittel zugegeben und jeweils 20 g der so hergestellten Mischung werden zu Tabletten verpresst. Anschließend wird zunächst die Zeit gemessen, die die Tabletten unmittelbar nach dem Verpressen zum Auflösen in Wasser benötigen. Die erhaltenen Werte sind in Tabelle 4 wiedergegeben. Tabelle 4: Eingesetztes Sprengmittel Auflösezeit in Sekunden Nilyn XL 16 461 Supercel 32 Die Bezeichnungen der Sprengmittel sind dieselben, wie in Bsp. 3In each case 6 g of different disintegrants are added to this base formulation and in each case 20 g of the mixture thus produced are pressed into tablets. Subsequently, the time is first measured, which require the tablets immediately after pressing to dissolve in water. The values obtained are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Used explosive Dissolution time in seconds Nilyn XL 16 461 Supercel 32 The names of the explosives are the same as in Example 3

Anschließend wird eine 3-phasige Tablette hergestellt, in der eine Phase der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung entsprach, wie sie oben angegeben ist. Diese Phase stellte 20 % der gesamten Tablette dar. Das Gesamtgewicht der 3-phasigen Tablette war 20 g. Die Zerfallszeit der das Sprengmittel enthaltenden Phase nach Lagerung wurde bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 5 wiedergegeben. Tabelle 5:Zerfallszeiten der das Sprengmittel enthaltenden Phasen in Sekunden Alter der Tablette Sprengmittel Nilyn XL 16 Supercel 1 Tag 413 sec 57 sec 4 Wochen 437 sec 56 sec 8 Wochen 661 sec 152 sec Subsequently, a 3-phase tablet is prepared, in which one phase of the detergent composition corresponded, as stated above. This phase represented 20% of the total tablet. The total weight of the 3-phase tablet was 20 g. The disintegration time of the disintegrant-containing phase after storage was determined. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Disintegration times of the phases containing the disintegrant in seconds Age of the tablet explosives Nilyn XL 16 Supercel 1 day 413 sec 57 sec 4 weeks 437 sec 56 sec 8 weeks 661 sec 152 sec

Wie den Daten aus Tabelle 5 entnommen werden kann, zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Sprengmittel (Supercel) nicht nur unmittelbar nach Verpressen der Tablette eine deutlich bessere Sprengwirkung, als ein auf dem Markt erhältliches Sprengmittel auf Cellulosebasis, sondern weist diese bessere Sprengwirkung auch nach längerer Lagerzeit noch auf.As can be seen from the data in Table 5, a disintegrating agent (Supercel) according to the invention not only shows a significantly better explosive effect immediately after pressing the tablet than a cellulosic disintegrant available on the market, but still exhibits this better explosive effect even after prolonged storage ,

Beispiel 5:Example 5: Sprengwirkung eines α-Olefin-Maleinsäure-CopolymersBlasting action of an α-olefin-maleic acid copolymer

Zu der Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung aus Beispiel 4 wird als Sprengmittel einmal 6 % w/w Supercel, einmal 6 % w/w Supercel + 2 % w/w Sokalan CP 9 in granulärer Form zugegeben ("CP 9 Granulat"). Es werden 3-phasige Tabletten wie in Beispiel 4 verpresst, wobei eine der Phasen aus diesen Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen besteht. Diese Phase macht 20 % einer 20 g schweren Tablette aus. Auch hier wird die Zerfallszeit dieser Phase in Wasser nach Lagerung bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 6 gezeigt.To the detergent composition of Example 4 is added as disintegrant once 6% w / w Supercel, once 6% w / w Supercel + 2% w / w Sokalan CP 9 in granular form ("CP 9 granules"). Three-phase tablets are compressed as in Example 4, one of the phases consisting of these detergent compositions. This phase accounts for 20% of a 20 g tablet. Again, the decay time of this phase is in Water determined after storage. The results are shown in Table 6.

Tabelle 6: Zerfallszeiten der Sprengmittel enthaltenden Phase nach Lagerung in Sekunden Tabelle 6: Alter der Tablette Sprengmittel Supercel Supercel + CP 9 Granulat 1 Tag 57 sec 37 sec 4 Wochen 56 sec 48 sec 8 Wochen 152 sec 94 sec Table 6: Disintegration times of the disintegrant-containing phase after storage in seconds Table 6: Age of the tablet explosives Supercel Supercel + CP 9 granules 1 day 57 sec 37 sec 4 weeks 56 sec 48 sec 8 weeks 152 sec 94 sec

Der Zusatz eines α-Olefin-Maleinsäure-Copolymers in Granulatform zu dem hier in der Anmeldung als "Mischgranulat" beschriebenen Sprengmittel bewirkt eine zusätzliche Steigerung der Sprengwirkung, sowohl unmittelbar nach dem Verpressen, wie auch nach Lagerung der Tabletten.The addition of an α-olefin-maleic acid copolymer in granular form to the disintegrating agent described here in the application as "mixed granules" causes an additional increase in the explosive effect, both immediately after compression and after storage of the tablets.

Beispiel 6:Example 6:

Vergleich der Sprengwirkung eines α-Olefin-Maleinsäure-Copolymers als Granulat mit und ohne ein weiteres Sprengmittel:Comparison of the explosive effect of an α-olefin-maleic acid copolymer as granules with and without another disintegrant:

Es wurden folgende Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzungen hergestellt: Formulierung A Formulierung B Inhaltsstoff % w/w % w/w Natriumtripolyphosphat 74,75 78,25 Enzyme (Granulat) 11 12 Polyethylenglycol MW 200 1,2 1,2 Polyethylenglycol MW 4000 1,5 1,5 Parfümöl 0,05 0,05 Alkoxylierter (E0/P0) 1 1 Fettalkohol Phosphonatgranulat (HEDP) 1 1 Sokalan® CP9 Granulat 5 5 Nilyn XL 16 4,5 0 The following detergent compositions were prepared: Formulation A Formulation B ingredient % w / w % w / w sodium tripolyphosphate 74.75 78.25 Enzymes (granules) 11 12 Polyethylene glycol MW 200 1.2 1.2 Polyethylene glycol MW 4000 1.5 1.5 perfume oil 0.05 0.05 Alkoxylated (E0 / P0) 1 1 fatty alcohol Phosphonate granules (HEDP) 1 1 Sokalan® CP9 granules 5 5 Nilyn XL 16 4.5 0

Es wurden 3-phasige Tabletten gepresst (Gesamtgewicht 20 g), in denen jeweils eine Phase (4g) aus den Formulierungen A oder B bestand. Die Auflösezeit dieser Phase in Wasser wurde bestimmt: Die Phase, bestehend aus Formulierung A löste sich in 51 Sekunden, die Phase bestehend aus Formulierung B löste sich in 50 Sekunden. Dies zeigt, dass die Sprengwirkung eines Granulates aus einem α-Olefin-Maleinsäure-Copolymer (Sokalan® CP 9 Grnaulat) sehr gut ist, und keiner Zugabe eines weiteren Sprengmittels bedarf.Three-phase tablets were pressed (total weight 20 g), in each of which one phase (4 g) consisted of formulations A or B. The dissolution time of this phase in water was determined: The phase consisting of Formulation A dissolved in 51 seconds, the phase consisting of Formulation B dissolved in 50 seconds. This shows that the blasting effect of granules of an α-olefin-maleic acid copolymer (Sokalan® CP 9 Grnaulat) is very good, and does not require the addition of another explosive.

Claims (6)

  1. Phosphate-containing or phosphate-free one- to threephase dishwasher cleaning tablet, characterised in that in addition to customary constituents a granulate which contains at least one polymer which comprises α-olefins as monomer units, wherein the polymer is a copolymer composed of α-olefin units and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, in particular maleic acid units is contained in at least one phase as disintegrating agent.
  2. Phosphate-containing or phosphate-free one- to three-phase dishwasher cleaning tablet, characterised in that in addition to customary constituents a granulate which contains at least one polymer which comprises α-olefins as monomer units, wherein the polymer is a copolymer composed of α-olefin units and units of a cis-bifunctional acid, in particular maleic acid units in combination with cellulose which is swellable in water, a cellulose derivative or cellulose-containing material is contained in at least one phase as disintegrating agent.
  3. Dishwasher cleaning tablet according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is phosphate-containing and contains 10 - 75 parts by weight polyphosphate(s).
  4. Dishwasher cleaning tablet according to claim 3, characterised in that it contains : 10 to 75 parts by weight polyphosphate(s), 60 to 0 parts by weight other inorganic builders, 20 to 0 parts by weight organic builders, 7 to 20 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 10 to 1 parts by weight bleach activator(s), 0 to 16 parts by weight surfactant(s), 0.1 to 10 parts by weight disintegrating agent granulate, 2 to 6 parts by weight other customary auxiliaries and additives.
  5. Dishwasher cleaning tablet according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it is phosphate-free and contains 0 to 50 parts by weight citrate(s)/citric acid.
  6. Dishwasher cleaning tablet according to claim 5, characterised in that it contains : 0 to 50 parts by weight citrate(s)/citric acid, 36 to 0 parts by weight silicate, 32 to 0 parts by weight Na carbonate/Na hydrogen carbonate, 0 to 20 parts by weight hydrogen carbonate, 10 to 0 parts by weight polymeric organic builders, 4 to 18 parts by weight peroxide bleaching agent, 8.8 to 1 parts by weight bleach activator(s), 0.2 to 16 parts by weight surfactant(s), 10 to 0.1 parts by weight disintegrating agent granulate, 1 to 5 parts by weight other customary auxiliaries and additives.
EP03014785.4A 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin-cellulose granulates as disintegrants Expired - Lifetime EP1491621B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT03014785T ATE338809T1 (en) 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 ALPHA OLEFIN AND ALPHA OLEFIN CELLULOSE GRANULES AS EXPLOSIVES
EP03014785.4A EP1491621B2 (en) 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin-cellulose granulates as disintegrants
DE50304955T DE50304955D1 (en) 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 Alpha olefin and alpha olefin cellulose granules as disintegrants
ES03014785.4T ES2272854T5 (en) 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin / cellulose granules as disintegrants

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP03014785.4A EP1491621B2 (en) 2003-06-28 2003-06-28 Alpha-olefin and alpha-olefin-cellulose granulates as disintegrants

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EP1491621A1 EP1491621A1 (en) 2004-12-29
EP1491621B1 EP1491621B1 (en) 2006-09-06
EP1491621B2 true EP1491621B2 (en) 2014-10-01

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DE102008060469A1 (en) 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Automatic dishwashing tablet
US8888924B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2014-11-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. Freestanding detergent composition not requiring an automated dispenser
WO2014031743A1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-27 Ecolab Usa Inc. Freestanding detergent composition not requiring an automated dispenser
CN113736588A (en) 2014-03-07 2021-12-03 艺康美国股份有限公司 Detergent composition exhibiting both cleaning and rinsing functions
CN105567477A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-05-11 界首市任寨俊峰山羊养殖家庭农场 Detergent-sanitizer special for bamboo bed for sheep
CA3060312C (en) 2017-04-27 2022-07-12 Ecolab Usa Inc. Solid controlled release carbonate detergent compositions
WO2019099059A1 (en) 2017-11-14 2019-05-23 Ecolab Usa Inc. Solid controlled release caustic detergent compositions
CA3151823A1 (en) 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Ecolab Usa Inc. Concentrated 2 in 1 dishmachine detergent and rinse aid

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EP1043391A1 (en) 1999-03-29 2000-10-11 Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG High density disintegrating granulate for tablets; method for making it and its use
DE19934704A1 (en) 1999-07-23 2001-01-25 Henkel Kgaa Washing or detergent agent molded article comprises particles of average size below 800 microns containing a non-surfactant solid dispersant not from mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- and poly-saccharides or paraffin
WO2002020708A1 (en) 2000-09-08 2002-03-14 Unilever Plc Polycarboxylic acid containing three-in-one dishwashing composition
WO2002034870A1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Unilever Plc Dish-washing compositions
WO2002064719A1 (en) 2001-02-01 2002-08-22 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Copolymers that prevent glass from corroding
WO2002064720A1 (en) 2001-02-01 2002-08-22 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Cleaner formulations that prevent the discoloration of plastic articles
WO2002099027A2 (en) 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Ecolab, Inc. Solid cleaning composition including stabilized active oxygen component

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DE4121307A1 (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-07 Henkel Kgaa METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STABLE, BIFUNCTIONAL, PHOSPHATE AND METASILICATE-FREE LOW-ALKALINE DETERGENT TABLETS FOR THE MACHINE DISHWASHER
DE4408718A1 (en) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-21 Henkel Kgaa Breakage and storage stable, polyfunctional cleaning tablets, process for their preparation and their use
WO2000004117A2 (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent tablet
DE59900585D1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-01-31 Dalli Werke Waesche & Koerperp Dishwasher cleaning tablets containing disintegrant granules

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1043391A1 (en) 1999-03-29 2000-10-11 Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG High density disintegrating granulate for tablets; method for making it and its use
DE19934704A1 (en) 1999-07-23 2001-01-25 Henkel Kgaa Washing or detergent agent molded article comprises particles of average size below 800 microns containing a non-surfactant solid dispersant not from mono-, di-, tri-, oligo- and poly-saccharides or paraffin
WO2002020708A1 (en) 2000-09-08 2002-03-14 Unilever Plc Polycarboxylic acid containing three-in-one dishwashing composition
WO2002034870A1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Unilever Plc Dish-washing compositions
WO2002064719A1 (en) 2001-02-01 2002-08-22 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Copolymers that prevent glass from corroding
WO2002064720A1 (en) 2001-02-01 2002-08-22 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Cleaner formulations that prevent the discoloration of plastic articles
WO2002099027A2 (en) 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Ecolab, Inc. Solid cleaning composition including stabilized active oxygen component

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ES2272854T3 (en) 2007-05-01
EP1491621A1 (en) 2004-12-29
ES2272854T5 (en) 2014-12-10
EP1491621B1 (en) 2006-09-06
DE50304955D1 (en) 2006-10-19
ATE338809T1 (en) 2006-09-15

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