EP1471770A2 - Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée - Google Patents

Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1471770A2
EP1471770A2 EP04007586A EP04007586A EP1471770A2 EP 1471770 A2 EP1471770 A2 EP 1471770A2 EP 04007586 A EP04007586 A EP 04007586A EP 04007586 A EP04007586 A EP 04007586A EP 1471770 A2 EP1471770 A2 EP 1471770A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer function
hrtf
partial transfer
weighting factors
function
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP04007586A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1471770B1 (fr
EP1471770A3 (fr
Inventor
Josef Chalupper
Uwe Rass
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Sivantos GmbH
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Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH
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Publication of EP1471770A3 publication Critical patent/EP1471770A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H04S1/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
    • H04S1/005—For headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/70—Adaptation of deaf aid to hearing loss, e.g. initial electronic fitting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating an approximate Partial transfer function, which in an electroacoustic Device for generating an environment correction transfer function is usable which is a device transfer function of the electroacoustic device to an acoustic environment adapts.
  • any sound propagation can have a transfer function be assigned to the transmission of an acoustic Describes signals from one location to another location.
  • an electro-acoustic device is part of the sound propagation -
  • a hearing aid that compensate for hearing loss should - intervenes in sound propagation.
  • the electroacoustic device is arranged such that it the acoustic environment and the sound propagation as possible little influenced.
  • a hearing aid worn in the ear influences, for example essentially just the sound propagation in from him ingested ear canal, the mode of action of the auricle hardly affected.
  • a hearing aid worn behind the ear (BTE hearing aid) bypasses the auricle so that the spectral coloring through the outer ears does not take place. Thereby important direction and elevation information lost.
  • the result is the known localization problems (e.g. confusing front / rear) of the hearing impaired, wearing BTE hearing aids.
  • the Associated Disturbance of the spatial acoustic orientation and thus the Overall sound quality often contributes to the rejection of the hearing aid at. For these reasons, the acoustic influence of the ear and head, i.e. of the acoustic Environment, are taken into account in the hearing aid.
  • the transfer function consists of a modified transfer function from the sound source to to a microphone of the electroacoustic device and the device transfer function yourself together.
  • the modified Transfer function is referred to below as a partial transfer function referred to as part of the represents natural transfer function, the difference to be compensated again in the acoustic device, to bring about natural hearing.
  • the device transfer function in turn is composed from a device-specific transfer function, which for Example is adjusted to correct hearing loss, as well from an environment correction transfer function that the Difference of the transfer function using the electroacoustic device for natural transfer function minimized as much as possible and thus a loss of information for the ear when using the electroacoustic device prevented as far as possible.
  • the device-specific transfer function contains the transfer function from the hearing aid speaker to the eardrum.
  • the environment correction transfer function is ideally using the partial transfer function generated, however for each acoustic Environment, e.g. every hearing aid wearer is different and therefore must be determined anew in each case.
  • HRTF Head Related Transfer Functions
  • An HRTF / HRTF ' is a Fourier transform an impulse response between one in one wide frequency range emitting source (noise) and e.g. an eardrum, which is also called HRIR (Head Related Impulse Response) is called.
  • HRIR Head Related Impulse Response
  • the HRTF / HRTF includes all physical parameters for localization a signal source. Are the HRTFs / HRTF's for that known left and right ear can also be binaural Synthesize signals from an acoustic source.
  • Transfer functions are very sensitive to changes in the acoustic environment, for example on the shape of an ear cup, on the position of a microphone on the head and on one changed direction of incidence, from the sound to the electroacoustic Device hits. Accordingly differ also the HRTFs / HRTFs of different people.
  • an HRTF / HRTF ' is a function of four variables: the three space coordinates (related to the head) and the frequency.
  • HRTFs the HRTFs / HRTFs measurements on an artificial head, e.g. the KEMAR (Knowles Electronics Mannequin for Acoustical Research), carried out.
  • An overview of the determination of HRTFs is e.g. from Yang, Wonyoung, "Overview of the Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) ", ACS 498B Audio Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, July 2001.
  • the partial transfer functions for any acoustic Measure environment In order to achieve an optimal effect of such algorithms, it is desirable when adapting the electroacoustic Device, for example when fitting a hearing aid, the partial transfer functions for any acoustic Measure environment. With hearing aids, this means that HRTF's can be measured again for every hearing aid user have to. Such measurements are generally very time consuming and require expensive special equipment, e.g. due to the Direction dependency of the transfer functions this for many different directions of incidence have to be measured. The more precisely the HRTF's are determined, the more precise one is Adaptation of e.g. Hearing aid to a wearer possible. However, with a relatively well approximated HRTF ' a sufficiently good result can be achieved.
  • an amplitude and phase compensation performed with directional microphone systems is from DE 199 27 278 C1 a method for adapting a Hearing aid known in which a hearing aid with several Microphones used to generate a polar pattern with each other are connected while wearing in a suitable The measuring room is filled with sound and the directional characteristic is recorded. The resulting filter parameters are the microphones downstream parameterizable filters can be fed. The desired ideal directional characteristic is therefore below Consideration of the individual acoustic conditions can be approximated when wearing the hearing aid.
  • a model for describing HRTFs is given in "A model of head-related transfer functions based on principal component analysis and minimum-phase reconstruction. "D. Kistler, F. Wightmann, JASA (1992), Vol. 91, No. 3, p. 1637-1647 ".
  • the model is based on a major axis transformation (Principal Component Analysis PCA), which allows the HRTFs as a linear combination of several main components display.
  • the invention has for its object a method for Generation of an approximate adapted to an acoustic environment Partial transfer function to indicate the faster and is essentially as accurate as a time-consuming one Measurement of the partial transfer function.
  • a basic function describes a basic property a spectral course of the partial transfer function. You can use basic functions for the display directional effects separated from directional effects Effects of the acoustic environment are treated. Furthermore it is possible to have a partial transfer function in amount and differentiate phase. Depending on your needs, the Course of the amount of the partial transfer function, for example be represented by means of basic functions.
  • a basic function for example, as a basic one Property of the general trend of frequency dependence be held. Enable further basic functions it, finer structures of the course of the partial transfer function reproduce.
  • the approximate partial transfer function is in the electroacoustic Device, for example a hearing aid System for generating virtual acoustics or a multimedia system can be saved and used.
  • the storage and use can by means of the weighting factors and Basic functions or in another parameterization. The latter is e.g. advantageous when saving and using the approximate partial transfer function the spectral range processed by the respective device should be restricted.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is through the synthesis of the approximate partial transfer function is possible by means of basic functions, on very fast way the whole perceptually relevant Scan the search space to generate the partial transfer function, i.e. that the entire perceptually relevant search space for Generation of the transfer function is available.
  • D. Kistler and F. Wightman have in the article cited at the beginning shown that, for example, with five basic functions a partial transfer function is represented sufficiently well can be. Accordingly, the search space could be adjusted of these five weighting factors sufficiently fine and can be scanned very quickly.
  • the procedure can be based on the determination of an entire sentence of approximate partial transfer functions for e.g. various Use directions of incidence.
  • the process can additionally accelerated by the fact that relationships between the direction-dependent weighting factors are optimized and only selected directions are interpolated and then other directions in a suitable form become.
  • the procedure is 'quick' compared to a measurement of direction-dependent head-related transfer functions, which e.g. in 5 ° steps for tuning microphones is carried out.
  • Such a measurement is time consuming because them for every angular step, i.e. for each new position Signal source, must be performed. Furthermore, must they are carried out anew for each hearing aid wearer.
  • a weighting factor for one on a head one Person-related partial transfer function is determined in such a way that the person has a spatial auditory impression when considered the one with the weighting factors and basic functions Partial transfer function formed using the electroacoustic Device is generated.
  • the spatial listening impression can additionally or alternatively a speech quality, a Sound quality, localization performance and / or externalization evaluated by one or more signal sources become.
  • Externalization means the following: When presenting headphones with acoustic signals or when using hearing aids, the place of origin becomes of a sound event is often considered to be within the head perceived lying. The sound source is in the same Hearing situation localized outside the head, so called this effect as externalization.
  • the weighting factors are determined by means of an optimization process in which by varying at least one weighting factor step by step the optimal weighting factors are approached.
  • the optimization can be carried out, for example, using the simplex method done using pair comparisons of 'nearest' neighbors the set of weighting factors for e.g. finds an optimal hearing impression.
  • the weighting factors are the electro-acoustic device, the acoustic Environment by means of the partial transfer function as well as the Device transfer function electronically simulated and for example integrated into headphone signals. This has the advantage that the determination of the transfer function is independent from the presence of the electroacoustic device.
  • the approximations are generated Partial transfer function by interactively adjusting the Weighting factors on what may also be simulated acoustic environment. Statements by a user of the electro-acoustic device with regard to the generated auditory impression used for adjustment.
  • an initialization set of Weighting factors with an associated partial transfer function given, at least from the initialization set another set of weighting factors is generated in at least one of the weighting factors has been changed, whereby at least one further partial transfer function the modified sentence is generated, and two by this caused two different partial transfer functions Adaptations to an acoustic environment compared become.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the subject of directional Transfer functions for hearing aids.
  • a hearing aid can e.g. a hearing aid worn in the ear 1 or a hearing aid 3 worn behind the ear.
  • a Sound source 5 e.g. a conversation partner, creates sound waves, which spread to the wearer 7 of a hearing aid 1.3.
  • the sound wave is caused by the external environment, in in this case influenced by the head of the carrier 7.
  • the Sound waves are emitted by a microphone in one of the hearing aids 1.3 detected.
  • a partial transfer function i.e. a modified transfer function, assignable.
  • the influence the acoustic environment depends on the location of the microphone and differs e.g.
  • the partial transfer function depends on the direction in which the sound source 5 is related to the microphone. The transfer function will change accordingly change when the sound source is horizontal or moved vertically around the head of the carrier 7.
  • An exact Knowledge of the partial transmission function is for hearing aids 1.3 important in order to have the most natural possible hearing impression To generate carrier 7, in other words around the natural Reproduce the transfer function as well as possible.
  • partial transfer functions e.g. important for the use of localization algorithms.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the assignment of Terms for the various transfer functions involved when transmitting sound from a sound source 5A too a tympanic membrane 2. Without using a hearing aid itself a natural transfer function HRTF, in this In the case of a head related transfer function transfer function).
  • the device transfer functions 110, 111, ... include under on the one hand, for example, a device-specific portion 120, which among other things corrects hearing loss, and a portion that is the difference between the natural Transfer function and the partial transfer function, i.e. compensate for the impact of the acoustic environment should. This portion is referred to below as the environmental correction transfer function Designated 130.
  • the environment correction transfer function 130 can be generated by means of the partial transfer function HRTF ', for example in signal processing work. Prerequisite is knowledge of the partial transfer function HRTF ' i , ... or at least an approximation of it, hereinafter referred to as HRTF " i .
  • the method according to the invention enables an approximate partial transfer function To generate HRTF " i in a simple manner by linearly combining basic functions BF i weighted with weighting factors A, B,...
  • the signals of the microphones 100, ... are in accordance with the device transfer functions 110, 111, ... passed to the speaker 140, the sound that is subsequently generated on the eardrum 2 hits.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a possible procedure for the generation an approximate partial transfer function HRTF '' according to the method of the invention.
  • Generation of basic functions 11A, ... 11D used.
  • Figure 3 are schematically possible courses of the amounts of the basic functions 11A, ... 11D as a function of the frequency f.
  • the basic functions 11A, ... become unique using a transformation from test partial transfer functions measured on several test subjects won.
  • the first basic function 11A is carried out, for example, by generates an average of all test partial transfer functions.
  • the differences are used to generate the second basic function 11B of all test partial transfer functions with the first Base function 11A taken.
  • the differences are again averaged and thus result in the basic function 11B.
  • For generation other basic functions 11C, 11D become corresponding the differences in the test partial transfer functions and the Sum of all basic functions determined up to that point and also averaged. Leave using these basic functions any approximation by a 'back' transformation Generate partial transfer functions.
  • Partial transfer functions averaged across many individuals were, if possible, transformed so that they were perceptual get relevant features.
  • the advantage in using the weighting factors Generation of the approximate partial transfer function lies in that the dimension of space, i.e. the number of variables, is significantly smaller.
  • a particularly suitable one Transformation represents the main axis transformation (principal Component Analysis PCA). It allows the HRTF's / HRTF's as a linear combination of e.g. five main components display.
  • Weighting factors are used for the 'back' transformation 13A, ... 13D, 13A '... 13D' is required.
  • the one the approximate partial transfer functions 17, 17 ', ... the best to operate an electroacoustic device adapting an acoustic environment is made by a comparison 18 the effects of the approximate partial transfer functions 17.17 'on e.g. determines the auditory impression.
  • weighting factors 13A, ... 13B are continuously set can be the entire perceptually relevant Search space scanned for the approximate partial transmission functions become.
  • the scanning can be done according to various optimization methods respectively.
  • simplex process you feel for example about a pair comparison of approximated Partial transfer functions, for example in distinguish only one weighting factor, the optimal approximate Partial transfer function.
  • After each pair comparison becomes in the neighborhood of the cheaper transfer function by varying at least one weighting factor 13A, ... 13D another approximate partial transfer function generated, with which in turn carried out a pair comparison becomes.
  • the Weighting factors of the initialization set are, for example by averaging weighting factors from the present acoustic situation, e.g. to the use of an im Ear hearing aid, adapted partial transmission functions given.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that a Adaptation of the approximate partial transfer function to, for example the individual hearing aid wearer through a manageable number of parameters.
  • the production the approximate partial transfer function is compared for complex and time-consuming direct measurement of the transfer function at the hearing care professional much faster.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention lies in that the search space in which the approximate partial transfer function can be generated, significantly enlarged is because using the PCA essentially every transfer function can be generated.
  • Figure 4 shows a possible structure for determining an approximate Partial transfer function for one person 31.
  • Help headphones 33 give the person 31 acoustic signals 41 played, which he has to evaluate interactively.
  • the signals 41 are generated in a computer 35 and correspond appropriate acoustic situations by the person 31 should be recognized correctly. For example, corresponds the signal from a point source that is the right one Direction and distance should be assigned or it corresponds a concert in which the position of those involved Instruments should be played correctly. To do this for example, several acoustic signals from different Musical instruments generated.
  • the acoustic environment 43 is thereby for example by positions 37A, ... 37E of the musical instruments influenced.
  • the acoustic signal 41 is generated.
  • the acoustic environment 43 i.e. the Associated Partial transfer function of the acoustic situation, and a Device transfer function 45 included.
  • the signal simulated in this way corresponds to the signal from the sound source 5 from Figure 1 taking into account the acoustic environment and the associated device transfer function.
  • the simulated signal is then a loudspeaker 47 fed.
  • the partial transfer functions can be carried out for different musical instruments each be included in the acoustic signals.
  • the weighting factors are also using the calculator 35 adjusted so that the person 31 the acoustic Perceives the environment correctly. That is, the approximate partial transfer function is optimized in such a way that for the person 31 e.g. A spatial auditory impression is created by the different Musical instruments correctly the given acoustic Can assign environment (correctly set localization and externalization of signal sources).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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EP04007586A 2003-04-22 2004-03-29 Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée Expired - Lifetime EP1471770B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10318191A DE10318191A1 (de) 2003-04-22 2003-04-22 Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Verwendung einer Übertragungsfunktion
DE10318191 2003-04-22

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EP1471770A2 true EP1471770A2 (fr) 2004-10-27
EP1471770A3 EP1471770A3 (fr) 2008-12-03
EP1471770B1 EP1471770B1 (fr) 2010-07-07

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US (1) US20040218771A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1471770B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE473604T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004201682A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10318191A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1471770T3 (fr)

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CN109716792A (zh) * 2016-07-07 2019-05-03 麦耶声音实验室股份有限公司 听力设备的幅度和相位校正

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DE102007035171A1 (de) 2007-07-27 2009-02-05 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Verfahren zum Anpassen eines Hörgeräts mit Hilfe eines perzeptiven Modells
US9031242B2 (en) 2007-11-06 2015-05-12 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Simulated surround sound hearing aid fitting system
DE102009014333A1 (de) * 2009-03-21 2010-09-30 A. Eberle Gmbh & Co. Kg Einrichtung zur Überwachung von Stufenschaltern
US20110026745A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Amir Said Distributed signal processing of immersive three-dimensional sound for audio conferences
EP2611216B1 (fr) * 2011-12-30 2015-12-16 GN Resound A/S Systèmes et procédés pour déterminer les fonctions de transfert liées à la tête
US9030545B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2015-05-12 GNR Resound A/S Systems and methods for determining head related transfer functions
US9191755B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2015-11-17 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Spatial enhancement mode for hearing aids
DK2869599T3 (da) 2013-11-05 2020-12-14 Oticon As Binauralt høreassistancesystem, der omfatter en database med hovedrelaterede overføringsfunktioner
CN105208501A (zh) 2014-06-09 2015-12-30 杜比实验室特许公司 对电声换能器的频率响应特性进行建模
US10397725B1 (en) 2018-07-17 2019-08-27 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Applying directionality to audio
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CN109716792B (zh) * 2016-07-07 2021-08-17 麦耶声音实验室股份有限公司 听力设备的幅度和相位校正

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DE502004011352D1 (de) 2010-08-19
DK1471770T3 (da) 2010-10-25
EP1471770B1 (fr) 2010-07-07
DE10318191A1 (de) 2004-07-29
EP1471770A3 (fr) 2008-12-03
US20040218771A1 (en) 2004-11-04
ATE473604T1 (de) 2010-07-15
AU2004201682A1 (en) 2004-11-11

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