EP1449408A1 - Circuit pour matrice de del - Google Patents

Circuit pour matrice de del

Info

Publication number
EP1449408A1
EP1449408A1 EP02803750A EP02803750A EP1449408A1 EP 1449408 A1 EP1449408 A1 EP 1449408A1 EP 02803750 A EP02803750 A EP 02803750A EP 02803750 A EP02803750 A EP 02803750A EP 1449408 A1 EP1449408 A1 EP 1449408A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
led array
circuit arrangement
array according
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02803750A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1449408B1 (fr
EP1449408B2 (fr
Inventor
Simon BLÜMEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ams Osram International GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26010644&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1449408(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE10242365.2A external-priority patent/DE10242365B4/de
Application filed by Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH filed Critical Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Publication of EP1449408A1 publication Critical patent/EP1449408A1/fr
Publication of EP1449408B1 publication Critical patent/EP1449408B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1449408B2 publication Critical patent/EP1449408B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/46—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/52—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a parallel array of LEDs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/54—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a series array of LEDs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for an LED array, in particular for a light signal device, with two or more LED chains connected in parallel, in each of which at least one LED (light-emitting diode, light-emitting diode) is arranged, with two or more LEDs that are connected in series.
  • the anode sides of the LED chains can each be coupled to the positive pole of a supply voltage, and the cathode sides can each be coupled to the negative pole of the supply voltage.
  • a variation in the forward voltage of LEDs can be due to the manufacturing process.
  • a fine grouping of the LEDs with regard to the forward voltage is conceivable. This is associated with comparatively high costs, since appropriate logistics and warehousing are required.
  • the forward voltage of an LED is temperature-dependent, whereby different temperature dependencies can occur between individual LEDs. A change in temperature can therefore lead to a change in the forward voltages.
  • an electrical resistor is connected in series with each LED chain in conventional circuits. Overall, this resistance leads to a flatter UI characteristic of the LED chain in question, so that a certain limitation of the current in the LED chain is achieved.
  • the size of this resistor and thus the voltage drop across it increases, which worsens the efficiency of the overall system.
  • a change in the forward voltage of an LED chain can also be caused by the failure of individual LEDs, for example by a short circuit of an LED.
  • the current is set using resistors connected in series, this leads to a strong redistribution of the currents in the LED chains.
  • the present invention has for its object a
  • circuit arrangement for an LED array with two or more LED chains connected in parallel, in each of which at least one LED is arranged, where two or more LEDs are connected in series and the anode sides of the LED chains are each connected to the positive pole a supply voltage and the cathode sides can each be coupled to the negative pole of the supply voltage, it is provided that for each LED chain a control arrangement for controlling a predetermined current distribution on the individual LED chains is connected in series.
  • the control arrangements preferably each include a current amplification circuit for impressing the current into the respective LED chain.
  • the current amplification circuits can each have a control input for regulating the current in the LED chain, the control inputs of the current amplification circuits being connected to one another.
  • a combination of a transistor with an emitter resistor is provided as the control arrangement, the collector-emitter path or the emitter resistor being connected in series with the respective LED chain.
  • the base connections of the transistors which represent the above-mentioned control inputs, are particularly preferably connected to one another and are at the same potential during operation.
  • the emitter resistor is used in particular to adjust the current distribution on the LED chains.
  • the value is the Emitter resistances are inversely proportional to the corresponding emitter current, which approximately corresponds to the collector current or the current in the associated LED chain (except for interrupted LED chains, as will be explained in more detail below).
  • a control circuit applies a predetermined current to the base connections of the transistors.
  • separate control circuits are provided for the individual LED chains.
  • a common control circuit is provided for a plurality of the LED chains, preferably for all LED chains.
  • the drive circuit which applies a predetermined current to the base connections of the transistors is in each case formed as a series circuit comprising a diode and a resistor, which connects the collector and base connections of the transistors.
  • the diodes ensure that the operating conditions for the transistors are met and, on the other hand, prevent a redistribution of the currents in the LED chains via the common connection of the base connections.
  • a change in the forward voltage of an LED chain which can be caused, for example, by a temperature change or by a short circuit in an LED, is intercepted by means of the control circuit by a corresponding change in the associated collector base voltage, so that the collector current and so that the current in the LED chain does not change or changes only to a small extent.
  • the collector base voltage at the associated transistor increases. Since only the respective base current of the transistors flows through the resistors of the drive circuit, which is typically typically a factor of 100 to 250 smaller than the collector current, the resistors can be dimensioned in such a way that even with a small change in the current through the resistor, a sufficient level high voltage to compensate for the different forward voltages in the individual LED chains across the resistor.
  • the fault case opposite to a short circuit of an LED is a failure of an LED which interrupts the LED chain. This can be caused, for example, by an overload of the LED, so that the LED "burns out”.
  • the intended current distribution is kept constant even in the event of extreme changes in the forward voltages.
  • the collector currents or the currents in the LED chains typically fluctuate only by a few mA.
  • neither an interruption in an LED chain nor a short circuit in an LED chain leads to a breakdown of the current distribution. A costly grouping of the LED components according to forward voltages is not necessary.
  • the values of the resistances in the drive circuit in the first embodiment of the invention are preferably in the range between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms. This means that even relatively small currents can generate sufficiently high compensating voltages to compensate for different forward voltages of the LED chains.
  • the drive circuit which applies a predetermined current to the base connections of the transistors in the control arrangements, is operated in the reverse direction Zener diode formed, which is preferably connected in series with a resistor and / or a fuse.
  • the Zener diode is connected to the base connections on the transistor side.
  • the base current for the transistors is conducted via a single common current path.
  • the supply of the basic connections of the transistors is conducted via a single common current path.
  • 10 transistors can be realized by a current path next to the array, in which the drive circuit, for example the zener diode, is installed. This reduces the circuitry for an LED array compared to the first embodiment.
  • the zener diode should have a zener voltage, which is about
  • I V is greater than the large forward voltage of the LED chains. This ensures a stable operating state for the transistors.
  • an LED chain is interrupted in the second embodiment of the invention, for example because an LED burns out, no more current flows through the defective LED chain, and the voltage between the collector and the base of the associated transistor breaks down.
  • the base of the transistor of the defective chain is still at the same potential due to the common electrical connection of the transistor base connections, the transistor of the defective chain is operated as a diode.
  • the compensation currents required for this flow through the Zener diode and the common connection of the transistor bases.
  • the current distribution predetermined by the dimensioning of the emitter resistances is retained for the other intact LED chains, the currents in the LED chains being approximately equal to the emitter current and, in turn, inversely proportional to the emitter resistances.
  • the fuse is designed in series with the zener diode as a melting resistor. In particular, this prevents the transistors from being destroyed if the array is overloaded.
  • the value of the resistance in series with the zener diode is preferably in the range between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms, so that the required compensation voltages can in turn be generated with relatively small currents.
  • a fuse for example a melting resistor, connected in series with the LED chains.
  • a fuse for example a melting resistor
  • individual faulty LED chains are switched off in a defined manner when the current in the LED chain is too high.
  • the predetermined current distribution in the remaining LED chains is also maintained in the event of an associated interruption of an LED chain.
  • the LED array can be configured flexibly, and in particular a predetermined current can be set for each LED chain without any particular effort. As a rule, a uniform current distribution is desired, which can easily be achieved by using the same emitter resistors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in accordance with the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of the invention according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention according to the second
  • Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the invention according to the second embodiment.
  • a plurality of LEDs 2 connected in series to form LED chains Three chains LK1, LK2, LK3 are shown, each with four LEDs 2, wherein a circuit arrangement according to the invention can of course also comprise a different number of LEDs in the LED chains or a different number of LED chains. This is illustrated by the dashed lines in the supply voltage lines (see below), the connection of the transistor base connections (see below) and the LED chains. Furthermore, the number and / or type of LEDs in the individual LED chains can vary from chain to chain.
  • a melting resistor Ful, Fu2, Fu3 can be connected in series with the LED chains LK1, LK2, LK3.
  • the LED Chains LK1, LK2, LK3 are connected on the anode side to the positive pole of a supply voltage U v and on the cathode side each with a control arrangement RA1, RA2, RA3.
  • the control arrangements RA1, RA2, RA3 each include an npn transistor T1, T2, T3, the collector terminals C1, C2, C3 of which each have the cathode side of the associated LED chain LK1, LK2, L3 or the melting resistor Ful which may be connected between them. Fu2, Fu3 is connected.
  • the emitter connection El, E2, E3 is connected to the negative pole of a supply voltage U v via an emitter resistor R12, R22, R32.
  • the transistors T1, T2, T3 in the arrangement shown are designed as commercially available • npn transistors. Between the cathode side or the melting resistance of each LED chain and the respective base connection B1, B2, B3 of the associated transistor T1, T2, T3, there is a control circuit in the form of a series circuit comprising a diode D1, D2, D3 and an electrical resistor Rll, R21, R31 switched.
  • the base connections B1, B2, B3 of the transistors T1, T2, T3 are connected to one another.
  • the running index x denotes the number of the LED chain here and below.
  • the following description also applies generally to an LED array with N LED chains, where x is between 1 and N.
  • the current Ix which - apart from the much lower base current in each case corresponds to the current in the respective LED chain LKx, is regulated in such a way that a voltage of approximately 0.65 is applied to the base-emitter path of the associated transistor Tx V occurs.
  • the current is set via the transistors T1, T2, T3 in such a way that the voltage drop across the emitter resistors is approx. 65 V below the common base potential. Since the voltage between the base and emitter of 0.65V is (almost) the same for transistors T1, T2, T3, the same voltages must drop across the respective emitter resistors R12, R22, R32.
  • the currents II, 12, 13 in the LED chains are thus regulated so that the voltages U12, U22, U32 are the same. Overall, the distribution of the currents on the LED chains is thus determined by the emitter resistors R12, R22, R32, the ratio of the currents being equal to the ratio of the reciprocal emitter resistance values.
  • the emitter current which is made up of the associated base and collector currents, was equated with the collector current, ie the base current, which is much lower in comparison, was neglected.
  • a change in the forward voltage of an LED chain LKx e.g. by short-circuiting an LED, is intercepted by a corresponding change in the associated collector base voltage.
  • the setting of the emitter current Ix and thus the current in the LED chain LKx explained above remains almost unaffected by this, so that the collector current or the current in the LED chain does not change or changes only slightly.
  • the power supply to the base inputs B1, B2, B3 of the transistors Tl, T2, T3 is realized in each case by means of a control circuit in the form of a series connection of a diode D1, D2, D3 and a resistor R11, R21, R31.
  • the diodes D1, D2, D3 have a double function: on the one hand, they set the operating condition of the transistors
  • Tl, T2, T3, ie the required voltage at the respective collector base section Cx-Bx safely, on the other hand they suppress cross currents between the individual LED chains LK1, LK2, LK3.
  • the latter means that there is no current through the common electrical connection of the transistor bases B1, B2, B3, for example due to potential differences in the individual LED chains LK1, LK2, LK3, which can be caused, for example, by different forward voltages or a short-circuited LED , can flow from one LED chain to another LED chain.
  • the diodes D1, D2, D3 are dimensioned so that on them
  • LEDs could also be used here, which can additionally serve as an optical indicator for different forward voltages in the individual chains.
  • the base current of the transistors T1, T2, T3 flows through the electrical resistors R11, R21, R31 and is typically 100 to 250 times smaller than the collector current.
  • These resistors R11, R21, R31 are preferably so dimensionally
  • the resistors R11, R21, R31 preferably have values in the range from 100 ohms to 1000 ohms.
  • the equalizing currents flow through the control circuits of the remaining chains to maintain the voltage at the emitter resistor of the interrupted LED chain.
  • the resistors R11, R21, R31 do not necessarily have to have the same value. The same resistance values are advantageous for optimum reliability and the symmetry of the arrangement.
  • a fuse Fux is preferably connected in series with an LED chain LKx, which additionally prevents excessive current in an LED chain.
  • the fuse blows and thus switches off the LED chain in a defined manner. This breaks the LED chain.
  • the fuses Ful, Fu2, Fu3 can for example be designed as a melting resistor. Commercially available melting resistors can be used that burn out from a defined output and thus permanently interrupt the flow of electricity.
  • a further advantage of the first embodiment of the invention or of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that a partial stream is branched off for regulation in each LED chain LKx. This increases the reliability and stability of the system.
  • the tolerance of the base currents is 2%, so that overall a comparatively high precision of the current distribution is achieved.
  • circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 can be expanded by any number of LED chains in the manner shown.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 1 can also be constructed in an analogous manner with pnp transistors.
  • a corresponding second exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the third exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 shows an LED array of a size that is used, for example, in signal technology.
  • Corresponding circuits can be used, for example, for traffic signals such as traffic lights or warning lights or for train signals.
  • the circuit corresponds essentially to Figure 2.
  • a total of 120 LEDs 2 in 20 LED chains LK1, ..., LK20 with 6 LEDs each are connected in parallel.
  • the currents in the LED chains of the LED array are additionally controlled by a monitoring circuit 4, which is not described in more detail here.
  • Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • several LEDs 2 are also connected in series to form LED chains LKl, LK2, LK3 and the LED chains LKl, LK2, LK3 on the anode side with the positive pole of a supply voltage and on the cathode side via an optional fuse Ful, Fu2, Fu3 each connected to a control arrangement RA1, RA2, RA3.
  • the control arrangements RA1, RA2, RA3 each in turn comprise a transistor Tx, the collector connection Cx of which leads to the corresponding LED chain LKx.
  • the emitter connection Ex is connected to the negative pole of the supply voltage via an emitter resistor Rx2.
  • the base connections B1, B2, B3 of the transistors T1, T2, T3 are connected to one another as in the previous exemplary embodiments and are therefore at the same potential.
  • a common control circuit A which controls the base current for the transistors T1, T2 , T3 generated.
  • a series circuit comprising a Zener diode Dz operated in the reverse direction and a resistor Rz serves as the control circuit.
  • This series connection can optionally include a fuse FuB, for example a melting resistor. This is dimensioned in such a way that it burns out with a predetermined number of interrupted LED chains, each of which leads to an increase in the base current as described. This switches off the entire LED array. Such a mode of operation can be useful, for example, if the remaining number of intact LED chains no longer meets the safety requirements.
  • the fuses Ful, Fu2, Fu3 are also optional and serve as additional protection of the LED chains against excessive currents as described above.
  • the resistor Rz connected in series with the zener diode Dz preferably has a value between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms.
  • the emitter resistors R12, R22, R32 must also have the same value. In special applications, however, different emitter resistances may also be required, for example when combining LEDs of different colors, which usually differ in terms of their specified operating current.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention according to the second embodiment.
  • the control arrangements RA1, RA2, RA3 are implemented with pnp transistors T1, T2, T3 instead of with npn transistors.
  • control arrangements are arranged between the positive pole of the supply voltage and the anode sides of the LED chains.
  • the control circuit is designed as a series connection of a Zener diode Dz and a resistor Rz and optionally an optional fuse FuB, the Zener diode being connected on the anode side to the negative pole of the supply voltage via the resistor Rz.
  • the first or the second embodiment of the invention can be more advantageous.
  • the first embodiment is characterized by a particular stability, since usually all LED chains contribute to the current for the control. Furthermore, this first embodiment has the higher overall efficiency compared to the second embodiment.
  • the second embodiment requires less circuitry and can be switched off particularly easily via the common connection between the control circuit and the control arrangement, for example as described by means of the fuse FuB.

Landscapes

  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit pour matrice de DEL comportant au moins deux chaînes de DEL (LK1, LK2, LK3)montées en parallèle, dans chacune desquelles au moins une DEL (2) est montée, et, quand ce circuit comporte au moins deux DEL (2), celles-ci sont montées en série. Le côté anode des chaînes de DEL (LK1, LK2, LK3) peut être couplé au pôle + d'une alimentation en tension (UV) et le coté cathode desdites chaînes de DEL peut être couplé au pôle - de l'alimentation en tension (UV). Un dispositif de régulation (RA1, RA2, RA3), servant à la régulation d'une répartition prévue du courant entre les chaînes de DEL (LK1, LK2, LK3) individuelles, est monté en série respectivement avec chaque chaîne de DEL.
EP02803750A 2001-11-26 2002-11-26 Circuit pour matrice de del Expired - Fee Related EP1449408B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10157645 2001-11-26
DE10157645 2001-11-26
DE10242365.2A DE10242365B4 (de) 2001-11-26 2002-09-12 Schaltungsanordnung für ein LED-Array
DE10242365 2002-09-12
PCT/DE2002/004329 WO2003047314A1 (fr) 2001-11-26 2002-11-26 Circuit pour matrice de del

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1449408A1 true EP1449408A1 (fr) 2004-08-25
EP1449408B1 EP1449408B1 (fr) 2007-08-15
EP1449408B2 EP1449408B2 (fr) 2011-08-31

Family

ID=26010644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02803750A Expired - Fee Related EP1449408B2 (fr) 2001-11-26 2002-11-26 Circuit pour matrice de del

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7317287B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1449408B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP4488489B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1596560B (fr)
DE (1) DE50210722D1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI235349B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003047314A1 (fr)

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US10440786B1 (en) 2018-05-09 2019-10-08 Infineon Technologies Ag Control circuit and techniques for controlling a LED array

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EP1449408B1 (fr) 2007-08-15
EP1449408B2 (fr) 2011-08-31
CN1596560B (zh) 2011-04-06
CN1596560A (zh) 2005-03-16
DE50210722D1 (de) 2007-09-27
JP4488489B2 (ja) 2010-06-23
WO2003047314A1 (fr) 2003-06-05
TW200300545A (en) 2003-06-01
US7317287B2 (en) 2008-01-08
US20050077838A1 (en) 2005-04-14
TWI235349B (en) 2005-07-01

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