EP1440242B1 - Protection de locaux contre la fumee - Google Patents

Protection de locaux contre la fumee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1440242B1
EP1440242B1 EP02802275A EP02802275A EP1440242B1 EP 1440242 B1 EP1440242 B1 EP 1440242B1 EP 02802275 A EP02802275 A EP 02802275A EP 02802275 A EP02802275 A EP 02802275A EP 1440242 B1 EP1440242 B1 EP 1440242B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flaps
bypass
flow
housing
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02802275A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1440242A2 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Rahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfred Eichelberger & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Alfred Eichelberger & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Alfred Eichelberger & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Alfred Eichelberger & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP1440242A2 publication Critical patent/EP1440242A2/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/009—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by bleeding, by passing or recycling fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
    • F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
    • F24F13/1413—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre using more than one tilting member, e.g. with several pivoting blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
    • F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
    • F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
    • F24F2013/146—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means with springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the smoke-free escape and escape routes, taking into account allowable pressure differences in the air in adjacent corridors and stairwells with an overpressure system.
  • smoke protection pressure systems are to be distinguished for the prevention of a smoke entrance as well as rinsing plants. While pressure equipment has the task of completely preventing the ingress of smoke, a rinsing system is intended to dilute and remove penetrating flue gases.
  • the system must generate a controlled overpressure in the escape route in case of closed doors.
  • the overpressure can prevent the ingress of smoke as long as all doors are closed. If a door opens, pressure equalization takes place in less than a second, as the pressure drop propagates at the speed of sound. At this moment it must be ensured that the open door cross-section is flowed through at a sufficient speed. Depending on whether a corridor, a lock or the usage unit is connected, this required speed is between 0.75 and 2 m / s. In order to ensure the flow through the open doors, it is necessary that flow from the use units are available. For the overpressure system, therefore, there is a requirement that in less than a second of the volume flow, which is only required to cover the leakage, it must switch over to the rated volumetric flow in order to achieve sufficient speeds in the open door.
  • the volume flow for the door flow rate is 10,000 m 3 / h, correspondingly more for large staircases.
  • DE 199 19 701 A1 discloses an overpressure flap which can be opened by air pressure, which receives a restoring moment via weights.
  • the solution according to the invention comprises a fan with Nachleitapparat and stabilizer and adjustable at a standstill blades integrated in a housing within a pressure device; in the centrally arranged housing, a drivable axial fan is installed centrally and a bypass with at least one self-closing flap is arranged around this housing.
  • the bypass can also be arranged in another version of the invention in the vicinity of the overpressure apparatus, if from there there is a backflow possibility of the air to the suction side of the fan.
  • a kennel-stabilized axial fan with electric drive As a fan, a kennel-stabilized axial fan with electric drive is used.
  • the characteristic curve stabilization prevents the typical demolition area in axial fans in the left part of the characteristic curve. This selection allows use in parallel operation.
  • the bypass has a preferably even number symmetrical individual flaps with preferably mutually perpendicular axes of rotation, wherein the flaps are designed so that they allow a bypass flow around the axial fan in the open state and the maximum pressure drop of the bypass flow in the pressure apparatus at the same size as the required overpressure in the Escape route is located and the flow-effective Areas of the flaps are designed in a certain ratio to the housing cross-sectional area.
  • the flap system is designed so that the opening or closing of the flaps by air force moments or by means of a mechanical train-pressure spring system is possible, the torque curve decreases in dependence on the increasing flap opening angle, and a stable operating point (intersection) of the course of Spring moments with the decreasing air force moments above 50 degrees, preferably formed at about 55 - 80 degrees flap opening angle.
  • these When using multiple flaps, these preferably have mutually perpendicular axes of rotation; for even-numbered bypass flaps, the axes are positively connected; All flaps should have a direction of rotation in the same direction for the sake of simplicity and due to more favorable flow conditions. This makes it easier to set and calculate the moments and make the device simple.
  • the axes of rotation of the flaps by means of bevel gears, preferably gears, positively connected.
  • the method for the smoke-free, in particular escape and rescue routes taking into account allowable pressure differences of the air in adjacent corridors and stairwells with an overpressure system, therefore provides that a, preferably central housing in the pressure apparatus, with an axial flow through a bypass self-closing system of flaps is generated, it being ensured that the flaps open under the effect of a pre-definable overpressure in the escape route and release the bypass.
  • the smoke control system regulates automatically and continuously without external sensors or measuring devices.
  • the method also provides that the necessary moments for opening the flaps are adjusted so that the pressure forces or air forces of the flow in the bypass sufficient and the moments for closing the flaps are provided by a mechanical tension or compression spring system, said Intersection of both torque curves so determines the maximum adjusting opening area of the flaps, creating an automatically immediately acting control system as a result of pressure changes in the escape route, which opens with a reaction time corresponding to the max. Escape route height or escape route length (usually staircase), taking into account the speed of sound and closing with a reaction time proportional to the mass moment of inertia / restoring torque of the spring system of the flaps works.
  • FIGS. 1 -3 and 5 Within the box unit / pressure apparatus 1, both the supply air fan 2 in a centric housing and via a spring mechanism 6 automatically acting pressure relief valves 3, 3.1 arranged. These flaps open automatically when the pressure exceeds the target value and create a bypass 4 to the suction side of the fan. 2
  • Fig. 1 shows 4 symmetrically arranged around the housing with the fan flaps 3.1, which together form the bypass system 3.
  • Each flap 3.1 has a rotary or pivot axis 3.2, to which it is opened in the same direction by the bypass flow 4 or the prevailing air forces and moments in short-circuit against the restoring moments of the spring system 6 (FIG. 3) or by spring forces or moments by means the spring system 6 is reset (Fig.2).
  • the opening force of the bypass flaps 3.1 is applied by an overpressure in the stairwell / escape route 5 (FIG. 5). This is opposed by a spring system 6 with a closing force / restoring force or torque. About the variation of the spring force by changing e.g. the preload length or other parameters known to those skilled in the art, the pressure differential at which the flaps are opened can be adjusted. With the flaps open, a portion of the air flow 4 circulates within the apparatus in this embodiment of the invention.
  • the overpressure apparatus By the overpressure apparatus 1, a controlled overpressure of e.g. 50 Pa built up.
  • the constant pressure is controlled by self-acting pressure relief valves 3.1 within the pressure apparatus that provide when exceeding the allowable pressure difference bypass surfaces 3 to the suction side of the device.
  • the control of the system is carried out, for example, smoke detectors 11, which are arranged outside each access door in the hallway or the lock 9 of the downstream rooms / offices 10 outside the protected area. Doors to Staircase 5 and the lock 9 must be self-closing and at least fire-retardant.
  • each floor E represents a detector line.
  • windows 13 are automatically opened via an actuator.
  • the outflow can also be made via a standard L90 shaft, to which smoke extraction flaps are connected in toto.
  • FIG. 4 shows the torque curve in various functional situations of the printing system. Shown are six different courses of moments M in Ncm and a working line of the system according to the invention in addition to different air force moments with closed bypass, respectively above the opening angle ⁇ in degrees from 0 - 90 degrees.
  • Fig. 6 shows a concrete embodiment of the overpressure apparatus 1 with fan 2 in the central housing as it is available for smoke-free escape routes 5.
  • the bypass 3 is composed of four flaps 3.1 around the housing.
  • the flaps 3.1 pivot about the axes 3.2, the synchronization is ensured by bevel gears 3.3.
  • the spring 6, adjusted in their effect / resilience for the flaps 3.1 by choosing a suitable length and tensile force on eg variable usable wire thicknesses of a coil spring, at each opening angle of the flaps in operation, they are connected via guide slots 3.4 with the flaps 3.1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Système pour la protection d'issues de secours contre la fumée avec prise en compte de différences de pression de l'air admises dans des issues et escaliers limitrophes avec une installation de surpression, comprenant un ventilateur avec diffuseur et stabilisateur et des aubes mobiles réglables à l'état immobile, intégré dans un corps, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur d'un appareil de surpression (1), dans le corps disposé au centre, est installé de manière centrale un ventilateur axial (2) pouvant être entraîné et autour de ce corps ou à proximité de l'appareil de suppression est disposé, avec une possibilité de retour pour l'air vers le côté d'aspiration du ventilateur, un bypass avec au moins un volet (3) qui peut se refermer tout seul.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bypass comprend une quantité paire de volets individuels (3.1) symétriques avec des axes de rotation (3.2), sachant que les volets sont conçus de manière à ce qu'ils permettent, à l'état ouvert, un courant bypass (4) autour du ventilateur axial (2) et que la perte de pression maximale du courant bypass dans l'appareil de surpression est égale à la surpression exigée dans l'issue de secours (5) et que les surfaces des volets (3) entraînant le courant sont réalisées dans un certain rapport par rapport à la surface de section transversale du corps, entraînant le courant.
  3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la surface de section transversale du corps entraînant le courant par rapport à la surface du bypass entraînant le courant s'élève à ≥ 1,4, de préférence de 1,6 à 2,1, et que le rapport longueur de corps / hauteur de corps s'élève à ≥ 1,1, de préférence de 1,15 à 1,3.
  4. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de volets est conçu de manière à ce que l'ouverture ou la fermeture des volets soit possible par des moments aérodynamiques ou au moyen d'un système mécanique pression-traction à ressort, sachant que le parcours du moment décroît en fonction de l'angle d'ouverture croissant du volet, et qu'un point de fonctionnement stable (point d'intersection) du parcours des moments à ressort avec les moments aérodynamiques décroissants se constitue au-dessus d'un angle d'ouverture de volet (α) de 50 degrés, de préférence de 55 à 80 degrés environ.
  5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des axes de rotation se tenant perpendiculairement les uns par rapport aux autres des volets bypass pairs sont reliés par concordance des formes.
  6. Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les axes de rotation des volets peuvent être reliés par concordance des formes au moyen de roues coniques.
  7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que tous les volets sont conçus pour une direction de pivotement identique.
  8. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sur une disposition horizontale de l'installation de surpression, les volets bypass sont conçus avec compensation de poids.
  9. Procédé pour la protection contre la fumée d'issues de secours avec prise en compte de différences de pression d'air admises dans des issues et escaliers limitrophes avec un appareil de surpression avec ventilateur axial dans un corps, caractérisé en ce qu'un courant bypass (4) est produit autour du corps avec le ventilateur axial (2) ou à proximité de l'appareil de surpression avec une possibilité de retour de l'air vers le côté aspirant du ventilateur, au moyen d'un système auto-refermable de volets (3), sachant que l'on garantit que les volets (3) s'ouvrent par l'action d'une surpression prédéterminable dans l'issue de secours (5) et libèrent le bypass (4).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les moments d'ouverture des volets sont réglés de manière à ce que les forces de pression ou les forces aérodynamiques du courant dans le bypass (4) suffisent et que les moments de fermeture des volets sont mis à disposition par un système mécanique de pression ou de traction à ressort (6), sachant que le point d'intersection des deux parcours de moment détermine la surface d'ouverture des volets se réglant au maximum, ce qui crée un système de régulation direct autonome à la suite de changements de pression dans l'issue de secours, lequel système fonctionne en s'ouvrant avec un temps de réaction correspondant à la hauteur ou à la longueur maximale de l'issue de secours en tenant compte de la vitesse du son et, en se fermant avec un temps de réaction proportionnel au moment d'inertie / moment de rappel du système à ressort des volets.
EP02802275A 2001-10-31 2002-10-31 Protection de locaux contre la fumee Expired - Lifetime EP1440242B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10153350 2001-10-31
DE10153350 2001-10-31
PCT/DE2002/004058 WO2003038283A2 (fr) 2001-10-31 2002-10-31 Protection de locaux contre la fumee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1440242A2 EP1440242A2 (fr) 2004-07-28
EP1440242B1 true EP1440242B1 (fr) 2006-06-14

Family

ID=7704100

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02802275A Expired - Lifetime EP1440242B1 (fr) 2001-10-31 2002-10-31 Protection de locaux contre la fumee

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1440242B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE330130T1 (fr)
DE (3) DE50207222D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL211736B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003038283A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005011791A1 (de) 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Eidmann, Jürgen Regelklappenvorrichtung
DE102005053590B4 (de) * 2005-11-10 2008-11-13 Eidmann, Fritz Jürgen Rauchschutzanlage sowie Verfahren zum Abführen von Rauch aus Brandräumen eines Gebäudes und zur Rauchfreihaltung von Fluchtwegen des Gebäudes
WO2014140205A1 (fr) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Ekovent Ab Agencement pour pressuriser un espace et/ou en évacuer la fumée en cas d'incendie

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB672193A (en) * 1949-10-01 1952-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Int Co Improvements in or relating to fans
US4915020A (en) * 1984-02-02 1990-04-10 Dumbeck Robert F Radon control in dwellings
DE9409176U1 (de) * 1994-06-07 1995-10-12 Pafamax Brandschutztechnik GmbH, 34123 Kassel Rauchschutzeinrichtung für einen geschlossenen Treppenraum
US5788571A (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Ivison; John T. Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings
FR2770411B1 (fr) 1997-10-30 2000-01-21 Strulik Sa Clapet pare-feu pour conduit d'aeration
DE19841540B4 (de) * 1998-09-11 2013-10-24 Wolfram Klingsch Anordnung und Verfahren zur Druckbelüftung von sicherheitsrelevanten Teilen eines Gebäudes
DE19919701B4 (de) 1998-10-22 2004-12-16 Schulte, Günter Rauchschutzeinrichtung für Gebäude
DE19848736B4 (de) * 1998-10-22 2004-11-11 Horch, Fabian Rauchschutzeinrichtung für Treppenräume oder dergleichen
DE19856193C2 (de) * 1998-12-05 2003-06-26 Schulte Guenter Verfahren zur Sicherung von Gebäudeteilen im Brandfall sowie Rauchschutzeinrichtung
DE19856739C1 (de) 1998-12-09 2000-01-20 Winkelmann & Pannhoff Gmbh Werkzeugmaschine
DE19937532A1 (de) 1999-08-09 2001-02-15 Brantec Gmbh Solothurn Anordnung zur Einstellung einer Druckdifferenz
DE19937530A1 (de) 1999-08-09 2001-02-15 Brantec Gmbh Solothurn Selbststellende Abströmöffnung
DE20113242U1 (de) * 2001-08-09 2001-10-31 Ostertag, Dieter, Dr.-Ing., 82396 Pähl Sicherheitstreppenraum für ein Hochhaus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE330130T1 (de) 2006-07-15
DE20221230U1 (de) 2005-11-10
WO2003038283A3 (fr) 2003-08-28
DE10251149A1 (de) 2003-05-15
PL374153A1 (en) 2005-10-03
WO2003038283A2 (fr) 2003-05-08
EP1440242A2 (fr) 2004-07-28
PL211736B1 (pl) 2012-06-29
DE50207222D1 (de) 2006-07-27

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