EP1437691A1 - Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1437691A1 EP1437691A1 EP03028395A EP03028395A EP1437691A1 EP 1437691 A1 EP1437691 A1 EP 1437691A1 EP 03028395 A EP03028395 A EP 03028395A EP 03028395 A EP03028395 A EP 03028395A EP 1437691 A1 EP1437691 A1 EP 1437691A1
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- coin
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/005—Testing the surface pattern, e.g. relief
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recognizing an embossed image a coin in a coin operated machine.
- Coin operated machines such as coin validators discriminate against a given one Set of coins in a very short time.
- There are a number of procedures for this known a large number of which use the coin material as distinguishing criteria starts.
- the thickness and diameter of the coin are also used to differentiate.
- the same or almost the same blanks can be used for different coins.
- An important distinguishing feature for the coins is therefore the embossed image.
- DE 37 39 239 C2 describes a method and an apparatus for processing a embossed card known.
- the embossed side of the card is made up of two opposite oblique directions alternately illuminated.
- the card is different at these Illuminations added.
- the difference in the pictures taken is compared with reference data to recognize the embossed characters.
- This Process is not for highly reflective, metallic surfaces of coins suitable.
- DE 100 51 009 describes a method for recognizing an embossed image of a coin known, in which the coin moves past the light source and over two or more lighting sections each illuminated from a different direction becomes. A difference image is determined from the recordings, which indicates whether it is is a photographic reproduction of the embossed image or an embossed image.
- the object of the present invention is a method for detection to provide an embossed image of a coin that is suitable for simple Means in a coin-operated machine a real or false signal for the to recognize inserted coin.
- the object is characterized by a method with the features Claim 1 solved.
- Advantageous designs form the subject of the subclaims.
- the coin to be recognized is on one Image receiver and a light source moved past.
- the light source has at least two, preferably three lighting sections that form an object field recognizing coin from different directions, at the same angle compared to the surface normal of the object field, not overlapping with each other Illuminated wavelength ranges.
- Object field of the coin is preferred the entire embossed image of the coin.
- the embossed image is illuminated for the Illumination sections at an equal angle.
- the lighting led to the name "Selective Stereo Gradient Method" (SSGM) because of a central Record the image only light at a certain angle of reflection or gradient is recorded in the embossed image.
- SSGM Selective Stereo Gradient Method
- Process illuminated surface an image receiver records a shot on.
- the one shot turns into images of the individual lighting sections won. For this, the color components of the different Wavelength ranges separated.
- the images obtained in this way become a maximum image determines the maximum intensity value for each pixel is assigned from the images.
- the real or false signal for the recorded one The embossed image is determined from the maximum image.
- Process is made from an image by separating it into partial images different directions, but with the same angle of inclination (azimuth angle), determines a maximum image that the coin surface for recognition reproduces the embossed image sufficiently well.
- the shot and / or the maximum image, center point and diameter to determine the coin.
- One or more are preferred in the maximum image Cut out circular ring segments with predetermined radii.
- the values of the pixels in the maximum image along circular ring profiles with a predetermined radius in a Frequency representation transformed.
- a Fourier transformation has which is preferably designed as a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is proven to be suitable.
- FFT fast Fourier transformation
- the transformed spectra are with reference spectra compared, the deviation in determining the real or False signal is taken into account.
- this step of the process has also been found pointed out that the spectral comparison along Circular ring profiles are sufficient to reliably indicate whether they are genuine or false of the embossed image.
- pairs of images are used the individual lighting sections determined difference images.
- the difference pictures allow discrimination of photographic reproductions of the Embossed image and on the other hand are particularly suitable for individual cutouts from the difference images with reference patterns for a match to compare, so-called template matching. In this process Excerpts of images of an embossed image compared with reference images.
- a false signal is generated when the average gray scale value of a difference image is below a predetermined threshold.
- the separation of the images from the recording is done by using filters, which are transparent to the individual wavelength ranges.
- a first step is carried out Classification of possible coin types, whereby of the possible coin types First of all, exclude those who start from the maximum image the mean gray value and / or the deviation outside of a predetermined one Interval lie; for the remaining coin types, the transformed ones Spectra with the characteristic frequencies of the reference spectra compared.
- one or more are made after the comparison of the spectra Difference images determined and excerpts with reference patterns of the still comparing coin types.
- a real signal is preferably generated for the coin to be checked whenever reduced the number of possible coin types to a single possible coin type has been.
- the false signal is preferably always generated when none Coin type is more possible.
- 3-color SSGM 3-color selective stereo gradient method
- an LED color lighting ring with five LEDs each of the colors red and blue and green arranged by color in three 120-degree sectors.
- a trigger signal is triggered on the coin by a light barrier triggers an LED flash for all three colors at the same time, as well as the camera caused to take a single picture.
- the one used for recording CMOS or CCD camera is with a mosaic filter, for example one Bayer-Patter equipped the information from the three sectors in the recording separates. After the separation, there are again three drawing files that allow this Illuminate the recognizing embossed image from different directions.
- the flow chart 1 shows the image recordings in method step 10 and is separated into three individual images in method step 12. Here, the Colors red, green and blue are used.
- a difference image is calculated from the partial images, the use of which ensures that the photos are counterfeit-proof.
- the difference image is used only for the verification of the embossed image; the classification is subsequently carried out on the maximum image 16, which has a much stronger structure.
- the images are independent of the Coin size scaled to the same size, which for the one to be discussed below Comparison of the mean gray values is important.
- step 20 the image is segmented, starting from the center of the image, Circular ring regions are considered. It has been found that the Decomposing the picture into an outer ring, a middle ring and a coin center is particularly advantageous with 2 euro coins.
- the mean gray value for the three ring regions and the standard deviation of the gray values in the three ring regions certainly.
- the outer ring of the coin is converted into a binary image by using suitable ones Threshold values converted.
- the binary images are perpendicular to each other on two standing axis projected.
- a characteristic feature of the embossed image the coin is the distance between the center of gravity (COG) and the geometric Center of the picture.
- the Center of Gravity (COG) is considered to be with the Distance weighted average of the pixels determined.
- the picture here is that scaled image in which the outer ring is viewed.
- the COG is about the Axis projection method determined. Instead of a binary image, a Gray value or color image can be used.
- Method step 22 which is parallel to that described above Method step 24 can run, but can also be carried out afterwards, are grayscale profiles on circular rings around the center of the scaled images sampled.
- the radii of the circular rings are predetermined.
- the values of the pixels Fourier transform (FFT) is performed along the circular ring profiles.
- the dominant Frequency of each FFT spectrum is determined.
- the one for the five circular rings The dominant frequency determined forms a further characteristic in its entirety Characteristic for the coin.
- step 26 a preliminary comparison is carried out as to whether those obtained up to that point Measured values for the coins taken in at predetermined admissibility intervals lie.
- This comparison leads to a classification in step 28. It turns out in the classification step 28 that the pattern does not match any of the given ones If references match, the classification process leads to rejection 30 of the coin. If it turns out that several coins are possible, then in Step 32 carried out a template comparison for these coin types. As shown in Fig. 3, this is the picture taken of the coin developed and on the double angular range to avoid cuts in the Reference sample added. The image 34 thus supplemented is provided with a reference pattern 36 compared. As shown in FIG. 3, the position in for the reference pattern 36 the picture 34 found.
- Method step 32 is a verification step, in which it is checked whether a Coin type in the shortlist actually comes into consideration. It is conceivable here also a modification of the process step such that every possible coin type with the reference images of all possible coin types is folded to the coin type with the highest agreement.
- the difference image calculated in step 14 checks whether this is an embossed image or a photo of an embossed image is. This step can also be at the beginning of the comparison.
- the size of the template at the point in the picture, in who found the pattern cut out an image section the size of the template.
- This section of the image is obtained by applying threshold values in changed a binary image. For example, the Sum of the mean gray value in the sample plus the standard deviation of the gray values be set in the pattern.
- Other variable or fixed threshold values are conceivable.
- Differential images are determined from the three partial images. To be particularly advantageous has proven here:
- a difference image (Dift1) from the images for red (R) and green (G).
- a second difference image (Diff2) is created from the images for red (R) and blue (B) determined.
- Diff12 is shown as the difference between the first and the second difference image formed.
- Diff12 max [Diff1, Diff2].
- Diff12 From the finished one Difference image (Diff12) becomes an unfolded and double the angular range supplemented picture produced. This picture is congruent with the one before image made for pattern comparison. These unfolded pictures become an image section the size of the reference pattern is taken from the same place.
- the Extracted image sections are multiplied together and for the product the mean gray value is calculated. If the mean gray value is below one predetermined fixed threshold, it is a photo. It stays in the In the case of a photo after the original image has been multiplied by the difference images not enough information left in the gray values of the product image.
- the reference template can also be used a suitable threshold value can be converted into a binary image.
- a suitable threshold value can again be the sum of the mean gray value in the pattern plus the Standard deviation of the gray values in the pattern can be used. Others too variable or fixed threshold values are possible.
- the difference images determined, again the two image sections, the difference value and the binary reference image are multiplied together and for that The average gray value is calculated for the product.
- a missing three-dimensional Topology recognized by the fact that the mean gray value below a predetermined source.
- the recognized coin is in step 36 accepted.
- FIG. 2 shows the flow of the process according to the invention in a structured diagram Procedure using the example of a recognition of coins from different countries.
- step 48 Using the above-mentioned measured values or a subset of these measured values a comparison is now carried out in step 48.
- the comparison shows that the Measured values lie in a predetermined admissibility interval, the corresponding comes Shortlisted coin type 50. Only in the frequency comparison no uniform admissibility interval is specified, but instead for the Frequency three possible measured values allowed. Each of the three measured values is with one Permission interval linked. A dominant frequency is recognized when the measured frequency within one of the three pre-determined admissibility intervals lies.
- step 54 it is checked whether at least one type is shortlisted.
- two unfolded images are calculated in step 56, one of which the first comes from the image scaled in step 42 and the second the reference image is.
- step 60 the coin type still to be checked the corresponding reference template (reference pattern) is loaded.
- step 62 compare the pattern to one of the unfolded images generated in step 56. If the template is found in the unfolded image and exceeds the match a minimum value (method step 64), the location is found in step 66 of the template is drawn into the unfolded image. For the cutouts, the Comparison described above, generating the product image in step 68 carried out. The embossed image verification is then carried out. Is the If the value for the embossed image verification is poor, the tested one separates in step 72 Coin also out. Should be more than one coin after loop 58 is completed If there are any left over, the coin with the best comparison values can be used (for example from step 48) can be selected.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Flußdiagramm für einen Münzprüfer,
- Fig. 2
- Nassie-Schneidermann-Diagramm für eine beispielhafte Anwendung, bei der Euromünzen aus unterschiedlichen Ländern diskriminiert werden, und
- Fig. 3
- ein Beispiel für ein in einem Unwarp-Bild erfolgreich gefundenes Referenztemplate.
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:die zu erkennende Münze wird an einem Bildempfänger und einer Lichtquelle vorbei bewegt,die Lichtquelle besitzt mindestens zwei Beleuchtungsabschnitte, die ein Objektfeld der zu erkennenden Münze aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen, unter dem gleichen Winkel gegenüber der Flächennormalen des Objektfeldes, mit einander sich nicht überlappenden Wellenlängenbereichen beleuchtet,der Bildempfänger zeichnet eine Aufnahme des Objektfeldes auf, aus der Bilder zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten der einzelnen Wellenlängenbereiche gewonnen werden,ein Maximumbild wird aus den Bildern bestimmt, bei dem jedem Bildpunkt der maximale Intensitätswert aus den Bildern der einzelnen Wellenlängenbereich zugeordnet ist,ein Echt- oder Falschsignal wird aus dem Maximumbild bestimmt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Aufnahme und/oder das Maximumbild, Mittelpunkt und Durchmesser der Münze bestimmt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Maximumbild ein oder mehrere Kreisringsegmente mit vorbestimmten Radien ausgeschnitten werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erzeugung des Echt- oder Falschsignals unter Verwendung des mittleren Grauwerts der Kreisringsegmente und/oder einer Abweichung der Grauwerte von dem mittleren Grauwert erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werte der Bildpunkte im Maximumbild entlang von Kreisringprofilen mit einem vorbestimmten Radius in eine Frequenzdarstellung transformiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Transformation der Pixelwerte eine Fouriertransformation, insbesondere eine Schnellfouriertransformation (FFT) ausgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die transformierten Spektren mit Referenzspektren verglichen werden und die Abweichungen bei der Bestimmung der Echt- oder Falschsignale berücksichtigt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus Paaren von Bildern zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten Differenzbilder bestimmt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein oder mehrere Ausschnitte aus den Differenzbildem mit Referenzmustern auf ihre Übereinstimmung hin verglichen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennung der Aufnahme in Bilder zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten über Filter erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Trennung der Aufnahme in Bilder ein Mosaik-Filter für eine CMOS- oder CCD-Kamera eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Falschsignal generiert wird, wenn der mittlere Grauwert eines Differenzbildes unter einem vorbestimmten Schwellwert liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßin einem ersten Schritt zunächst eine Klassifikation von möglichen Münztypen erfolgt, wobei von den möglichen Münztypen zunächst diejenigen ausgeschlossen werden, bei denen ausgehend von dem Maximumbild der mittlere Grauwert und/oder die Abweichung außerhalb von einem vorbestimmten Intervall liegen und/oder die transformierten Spektren mit ihren charakteristischen Frequenzen von vorbestimmten Referenzspektren der Münztypen abweichen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für nach dem Vergleich noch verbleibende Münztypen ein oder mehrere Differenzbilder aus den Bildern zu den Wellenlängenbereichen bestimmen und ausschnittsweise mit Referenzmustern des noch zu vergleichenden Münztyps verglichen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Echtsignal immer dann erzeugt wird, wenn die Anzahl der möglichen Münztypen auf einen einzigen Münztyp reduziert wurde.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Falschsignal immer dann erzeugt wird, wenn die Anzahl der möglichen Münztypen auf Null reduziert wurde.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10300608A DE10300608B4 (de) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
DE10300608 | 2003-01-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1437691A1 true EP1437691A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
EP1437691B1 EP1437691B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=32478189
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03028395A Expired - Lifetime EP1437691B1 (de) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-12-11 | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7004299B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1437691B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10300608B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2246035T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060032726A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-16 | Vook Dietrich W | Optical inspection system for reconstructing three-dimensional images of coins and for sorting coins |
DE102005028669A1 (de) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-28 | Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung einer in einen Münzprüfer eingegebenen Münze unter Verwendung ihres Prägebildes |
AT507222B1 (de) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-03-15 | Novotech Elektronik Gmbh | Automatische durchmesserermittlung von münzen |
US8661889B2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-03-04 | Duane C. Blake | AURA devices and methods for increasing rare coin value |
DE102012014958A1 (de) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-13 | Crane Payment Solutions Gmbh | Münze und Verfahren zum Prüfen der Münze |
PL3475926T3 (pl) | 2016-06-23 | 2022-10-24 | Ultra Electronics Forensic Technology Inc. | Wykrywanie nieprawidłowości powierzchni w monetach |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5220614A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-06-15 | Professional Coin Grading Service, Inc. | Automated coin grading system |
JPH09305768A (ja) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-28 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 画像パターン識別装置 |
EP0898163A1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Prüfung bewegter Oberflächen |
DE10051009A1 (de) * | 2000-10-14 | 2002-05-02 | Nat Rejectors Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebilds einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD296769A5 (de) * | 1990-07-18 | 1991-12-12 | Act Gesellschaft Fuer Soft- Und Hardwaresysteme Mbh,De | Anordnung zur pruefung der physikalischen eigenschaften von muenzen |
DE4227613A1 (de) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-02-24 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Druckbildern auf Dokumenten |
SE523567C2 (sv) * | 1999-01-08 | 2004-04-27 | Scan Coin Ind Ab | Myntsärskiljande anordning och metod |
DE19909851C2 (de) * | 1999-03-08 | 2003-09-04 | Zimmermann Gmbh & Co Kg F | Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung falscher von echten Münzen |
JP2001175912A (ja) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-29 | Laurel Bank Mach Co Ltd | 硬貨判別装置 |
US6685000B2 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux | Coin discrimination method and device |
US20020186878A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-12 | Hoon Tan Seow | System and method for multiple image analysis |
-
2003
- 2003-01-10 DE DE10300608A patent/DE10300608B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-11 DE DE50300950T patent/DE50300950D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 ES ES03028395T patent/ES2246035T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 EP EP03028395A patent/EP1437691B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-10 US US10/754,884 patent/US7004299B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5220614A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-06-15 | Professional Coin Grading Service, Inc. | Automated coin grading system |
JPH09305768A (ja) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-28 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 画像パターン識別装置 |
EP0898163A1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Prüfung bewegter Oberflächen |
DE10051009A1 (de) * | 2000-10-14 | 2002-05-02 | Nat Rejectors Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebilds einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 03 27 February 1998 (1998-02-27) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10300608B4 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
EP1437691B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
US7004299B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
ES2246035T3 (es) | 2006-02-01 |
DE10300608A1 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
US20040168881A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
DE50300950D1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
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