EP1355114A2 - Système de réfrigération pour supraconducteurs à haute temperature - Google Patents

Système de réfrigération pour supraconducteurs à haute temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1355114A2
EP1355114A2 EP03008648A EP03008648A EP1355114A2 EP 1355114 A2 EP1355114 A2 EP 1355114A2 EP 03008648 A EP03008648 A EP 03008648A EP 03008648 A EP03008648 A EP 03008648A EP 1355114 A2 EP1355114 A2 EP 1355114A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cryogenic liquid
liquid
nitrogen
cooled
circulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03008648A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1355114A3 (fr
Inventor
Horst Holzberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP1355114A2 publication Critical patent/EP1355114A2/fr
Publication of EP1355114A3 publication Critical patent/EP1355114A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cooling elements by Heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid, the cryogenic liquid with Pressurized, guided in a closed cycle and indirect Heat exchange is cooled with a coolant.
  • the invention further relates to a corresponding device for cooling elements that have a ring line for guiding a cryogenic liquid in a closed circuit, a heat exchanger and means for conveying the cryogenic in the ring line Liquid are provided in the closed circuit.
  • High temperature superconducting cables must always be below during operation the transition temperature of the superconducting material used.
  • this has so far been achieved in that the HTSL cable in direct Heat exchange can be cooled with liquid nitrogen.
  • the liquid takes Nitrogen heats up the power loss in the HTSL cables and heats up or partially evaporates.
  • the cooling medium is recirculated nitrogen used must therefore also be cooled down again or be reliquefied. According to the state of the art, this is done by indirect Heat exchange with liquid helium achieved, for cost reasons evaporated helium is liquefied again.
  • this known method is complex and expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an inexpensive method and a to develop corresponding device of the type mentioned, the cryogenic liquid is circulated with little loss and the single-phase the liquid is preserved as far as possible over the entire cycle.
  • This object is achieved by a method in which the Elements are cooled by heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid, wherein the cryogenic liquid is pressurized in a closed Circulated and cooled in indirect heat exchange with a coolant is, the cryogenic liquid carried in a closed circuit through a same cryogenic liquid stored in an expansion tank with pressure is applied.
  • a device of the type mentioned is characterized in that with the Ring line a surge tank for cryogenic stored under increased pressure Liquid is connected.
  • a cryogenic liquid is used as a coolant in one closed circuit and for cooling components, system parts or other elements used.
  • the cryogenic liquid is increased Pressure is conveyed through the circuit line and with a cooling medium in indirect Heat exchange cooled down. Pressurizing the cryogenic liquid as well as the pressure maintenance and pressure control are carried out by means of a Expansion tank containing the same cryogenic liquid under increased pressure filled and directly connected to the circuit. Furthermore, the expansion tank the task of large, sudden gas formation in a closed circuit as well as to compensate for leakage losses.
  • the cryogenic liquid carried in the closed circuit is preferably included cryogenic liquid of the same chemical composition, which under lower pressure than the circulating liquid is cooled.
  • Especially liquid nitrogen is preferably used as the cryogenic liquid. This is with a closed circuit pressure above atmospheric pressure led and cooled with liquid nitrogen as the cooling medium, which with a lower pressure than the circulating nitrogen.
  • the promotion of the cryogenic liquid in a closed circuit is an advantage achieved by means of a pump, preferably a centrifugal pump, particularly advantageous, the mass flow of the circulating cryogenic liquid continuously is adjustable.
  • a pump preferably a centrifugal pump
  • the mass flow of the circulating cryogenic liquid continuously is adjustable.
  • liquid nitrogen has become an adjustable Mass throughput in the circuit between 60 g / s and 2 kg / s has been proven, whereby the Throughput may vary as needed.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for cooling high-temperature superconducting parts or machines, in particular cables, Power cables, motors, generators, current limiters, transformers, such as Power transformers or railway transformers, energy storage or Kurz practitionerstrombegrenzem.
  • the invention enables economical Cooling high-temperature superconductors on an industrial scale. This gives energy supply companies a low-loss option Energy transfer available.
  • the system shown in the figure for cooling a high-temperature superconducting Cable includes a storage tank 1 and a surge tank 2 for liquid nitrogen.
  • the two containers 1, 2 are so together via a line 3 connected that if necessary liquid nitrogen from the storage container 1 in the Expansion tank 2 can be passed.
  • the high-temperature superconductor cable to be cooled is in direct heat exchange cooled with liquid nitrogen in a closed nitrogen cycle circulated.
  • the high temperature superconductor cable consists of a variety of a flexible inner tube wound superconducting wires.
  • the inner tube forms a first cooling channel 4 through which liquid nitrogen is passed as the cooling medium and cools the high temperature superconductor cable from the inside.
  • the entire cable is from an insulated jacket, the annular space between the Cable and the jacket forms a second cooling channel 5, through which also more liquid Nitrogen flows to cool the cable.
  • the terminations, i.e. the Connections of the superconducting cable to a normal conducting cable are also made cooled with the liquid nitrogen circulating in the closed circuit.
  • the nitrogen circuit comprises 5 for the superconducting cable two heat exchanger coils 6, 7 and one Centrifugal pump 8.
  • the heat exchanger coils it is also possible to use others Types of heat exchangers, such as finned tube heat exchangers or Plate heat exchanger to be used.
  • the feed to the cooling unit 5 also has a control valve 23, which has the task of the partial flows for the internal cooling 4th and to regulate the external cooling 5. Is parallel to the two cooling channels 4, 5 a bypass line 27 provided with a valve 28 is provided.
  • the heat exchanger coils 6, 7 are in an unpressurized state Liquid nitrogen bath 9, which via line 10 from the storage container 1 can be refilled.
  • the nitrogen cycle is also one with one Exhaust valve 30 connectable exhaust pipe 29 connected.
  • Evacuation line 11 is provided, which is also opened by means of a valve 12 or can be closed, and to which a vacuum pump 13 is connected. Is downstream of the branch of the evacuation and exhaust pipes 11 and 29, respectively a valve 26 is connected to the nitrogen cycle.
  • the storage container 1 is gaseous via a first feed line 14 for supply Nitrogen connected to the nitrogen cycle.
  • a first feed line 14 for supply Nitrogen connected to the nitrogen cycle.
  • a air-heated evaporator 15 and an electrically heated heater 16 integrated.
  • Downstream of the heater 16 there is a valve 17 provided with a control valve Liquid nitrogen line 18 into line 14.
  • a venturi mixing tube 19 is provided to pass through the liquid nitrogen line Mix the 18 supplied liquid with the gas flowing in line 14.
  • One branches off from the liquid nitrogen line 18 upstream of the control valve 17 further line 20, which is provided with a valve 21 and which also in the Lead 14 opens.
  • a further control valve 22 is connected to the mouth of line 20.
  • the nitrogen cycle is used to start up the system shown in the figure first by opening the valve 12 and starting the vacuum pump 13 via the Evacuation line 11 evacuated. This may be in the piping of the Removed moisture from the nitrogen circuit.
  • the valves 26 and 28 are closed.
  • the nitrogen cycle is then flushed with warm nitrogen gas.
  • warm nitrogen gas For this liquid nitrogen is withdrawn from the storage container 1 via line 14, in the air evaporator 15 evaporates against ambient air and to about Ambient temperature warmed up.
  • the gaseous nitrogen is then heated to approximately 330 K. After opening the valves 22 and 28 this warm gas flows via line 14 and the bypass line 27 into the cooling channels 4, 5 and is then via the exhaust pipe 29 into the atmosphere blown off.
  • the system is cooled in a defined manner to mechanical stresses to avoid.
  • a cold and hot gas generation unit is provided, which a defined, gradual cooling or heating with gas temperatures between 100 K and 330 K possible.
  • the gas throughput is also wide Limits adjustable.
  • the size of the temperature steps is preferably 20 to 40 K.
  • the metering valve 17 is opened for this, so that liquid nitrogen flows out of line 18.
  • the liquid nitrogen is in the Venturi mixing tube 19 mixed with the gaseous nitrogen.
  • the metering valve 17 is regulated so that the gas stream flowing in line 14 downstream of the Venturi mixing tube 19 reaches the desired temperature.
  • the temperature measurement takes place by means of a temperature sensor 24, which is arranged in the exhaust pipe 12. In this way it is ensured that the complete superconducting cable has reached the desired temperature.
  • the next temperature step is initiated.
  • the Flow through the metering valve 17 is increased accordingly to a further Achieve temperature reduction.
  • the total flow of the Nitrogen circuit supplied gas is constant by means of the control valve 22 held. In this way, the temperature of the nitrogen cycle gradually increases to lowered to about 100 K.
  • the heat exchanger bath 9 is usually already with Liquid nitrogen filled, so that a pre-cooling of this part of the nitrogen cycle is not necessary.
  • valve 21 As soon as the thermometer 24 in the exhaust line 12 shows 100 K, the entire Nitrogen cooling circuit filled with liquid nitrogen. This is done by valve 21 slowly opened and the valves 17 and 22 are closed accordingly. The This prevents inflow of gaseous nitrogen and liquid nitrogen flows via line 20 from the storage container 1 directly into the feed line 14 Valves 28 and 30 are closed, so that the bypass 27 and the exhaust pipe 29 are shut off, and valve 26 is opened to the nitrogen circuit in operation put.
  • the flow connection between the expansion tank 2 and the The nitrogen cycle is then opened.
  • the expansion tank 2 is with a Provide tank pressure control, which is preferably adjustable remotely. About these Tank pressure control can be the pressure in the expansion tank 2 and in the nitrogen cycle adjusted and automatically regulated. A pressure between 2 and set and maintain 9 bar.
  • the flow rate of the liquid nitrogen in the closed circuit can by the centrifugal pump 8 and a circuit on the pump pressure side arranged control valve 31 can be controlled.
  • the rough setting of the Flow rate takes place by regulating the speed of the pump 8.
  • the centrifugal pump 8 ensures that the liquid nitrogen is turbulent through the circuit and the high-temperature superconductor cable 4, 5 flows around turbulently and thereby the power loss arising in the cable 4, 5 receives.
  • Control valve 23 the distribution of liquid nitrogen to the two cooling channels 4, 5th can be set.
  • the heated in the cooling channels 4, 5 then flows through the Heat exchanger 7, which is located in the unpressurized liquid nitrogen bath 9.
  • the Heat exchanger 7 which is located in the unpressurized liquid nitrogen bath 9.
  • the temperature of the nitrogen is thereby reduced even further, which means the current transfer rate of the HTSL cable to be cooled can be increased.
  • the cycle nitrogen gives the absorbed heat to the Nitrogen bath 9 and becomes approximately at the temperature of bath 9 supercooled, which makes the circulating nitrogen bubble-free. Then the Circulating nitrogen sucked in by the centrifugal pump 8 and accelerated and through the second heat exchanger 6 pressed. In the second heat exchanger 6 there are Circulating nitrogen from the power loss of the pump 8 also from the nitrogen bath 9 and is optionally further cooled in order to then cool the cooling channels 4, 5 again to be fed.
  • the gaseous nitrogen resulting from the heat input into the nitrogen bath 9 is through corresponding openings, not shown in the drawing, to the Dissipated atmosphere or preferably fed to other consumers or liquefied back.
  • the bath 9 is evaporated via line 10 Nitrogen is replaced by liquid nitrogen from the storage container 1. This is a Usual level monitoring provided in the container 9, the valve 25 at a The level falls below and opens again after reaching the maximum level closes.
  • the expansion tank 2 becomes the storage tank if necessary 1 refilled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP03008648A 2002-04-17 2003-04-15 Système de réfrigération pour supraconducteurs à haute temperature Withdrawn EP1355114A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002117092 DE10217092A1 (de) 2002-04-17 2002-04-17 Kühlung von Hochtemperatursupraleitern
DE10217092 2002-04-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1355114A2 true EP1355114A2 (fr) 2003-10-22
EP1355114A3 EP1355114A3 (fr) 2005-03-09

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EP03008648A Withdrawn EP1355114A3 (fr) 2002-04-17 2003-04-15 Système de réfrigération pour supraconducteurs à haute temperature

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EP (1) EP1355114A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE10217092A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1621830A2 (fr) 2000-01-18 2006-02-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Appareil de refroidissement et de congélation de produits
WO2007005091A1 (fr) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 General Electric Company Systeme et procede permettant de refroidir des dispositifs supraconducteurs
US7263845B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2007-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Backup cryogenic refrigeration system
WO2009109505A1 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 Messer Group Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de prélèvement de gaz hors d'un contenant
WO2015000708A1 (fr) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Messer Group Gmbh Dispositif de refroidissement d'un dissipateur avec un liquide surrefroidi dans un circuit de refroidissement
DE102016010752A1 (de) 2016-09-06 2018-03-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Bauteils
EP3361187A1 (fr) 2017-02-08 2018-08-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
EP3376133A1 (fr) 2017-03-14 2018-09-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un ensemble pourvu d'une amenée de courant ainsi que système doté du dispositif correspondant
DE102017003105A1 (de) 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Bauteils
EP3511650A1 (fr) 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
EP3511649A1 (fr) 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
EP3943833A1 (fr) 2020-07-23 2022-01-26 Linde GmbH Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un câble supraconducteur et système correspondant
RU2767668C1 (ru) * 2021-06-22 2022-03-18 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Криосистема авиационной интегрированной электроэнергетической установки на основе ВТСП

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3364687A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-01-23 Massachusetts Inst Technology Helium heat transfer system
US3932158A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-01-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft System for cooling an object with coolant cycle
US4116017A (en) * 1975-12-06 1978-09-26 Linde Ag. Method of and apparatus for the cooling of articles with a circulated cooling gas
JPS61214403A (ja) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 極低温装置
US4625521A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-12-02 Pittsburgh-Des Moines Corporation Liquid nitrogen distribution system
US5193349A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-03-16 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for cooling high temperature superconductors with neon-nitrogen mixtures
FR2736423A1 (fr) * 1995-06-08 1997-01-10 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de refrigeration d'ecran(s) thermique(s)
US5848532A (en) * 1997-04-23 1998-12-15 American Superconductor Corporation Cooling system for superconducting magnet
EP1026755A1 (fr) * 1998-05-22 2000-08-09 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3364687A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-01-23 Massachusetts Inst Technology Helium heat transfer system
US3932158A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-01-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft System for cooling an object with coolant cycle
US4116017A (en) * 1975-12-06 1978-09-26 Linde Ag. Method of and apparatus for the cooling of articles with a circulated cooling gas
JPS61214403A (ja) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 極低温装置
US4625521A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-12-02 Pittsburgh-Des Moines Corporation Liquid nitrogen distribution system
US5193349A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-03-16 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Method and apparatus for cooling high temperature superconductors with neon-nitrogen mixtures
FR2736423A1 (fr) * 1995-06-08 1997-01-10 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de refrigeration d'ecran(s) thermique(s)
US5848532A (en) * 1997-04-23 1998-12-15 American Superconductor Corporation Cooling system for superconducting magnet
EP1026755A1 (fr) * 1998-05-22 2000-08-09 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN Bd. 011, Nr. 051 (E-480), 17. Februar 1987 (1987-02-17) -& JP 61 214403 A (MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP), 24. September 1986 (1986-09-24) *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1621830A2 (fr) 2000-01-18 2006-02-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Appareil de refroidissement et de congélation de produits
US7263845B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2007-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Backup cryogenic refrigeration system
WO2007005091A1 (fr) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 General Electric Company Systeme et procede permettant de refroidir des dispositifs supraconducteurs
JP2009500587A (ja) * 2005-06-30 2009-01-08 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 超伝導装置を冷却するためのシステム及び方法
US8511100B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2013-08-20 General Electric Company Cooling of superconducting devices by liquid storage and refrigeration unit
WO2009109505A1 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 Messer Group Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de prélèvement de gaz hors d'un contenant
RU2648312C2 (ru) * 2013-07-04 2018-03-23 Мессер Груп Гмбх Устройство для охлаждения потребителя холода переохлажденной жидкостью в контуре охлаждения
US10422554B2 (en) 2013-07-04 2019-09-24 Messer Group Gmbh Device for cooling a consumer with a super-cooled liquid in a cooling circuit
DE102013011212B4 (de) * 2013-07-04 2015-07-30 Messer Group Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Verbrauchers mit einer unterkühlten Flüssigkeit in einem Kühlkreislauf
KR20160030192A (ko) * 2013-07-04 2016-03-16 메써 그룹 게엠베하 냉각 회로 내의 과냉 액체를 이용한 소비자 냉각 장치
JP2016524117A (ja) * 2013-07-04 2016-08-12 メッサー グループ ゲーエムベーハーＭｅｓｓｅｒ Ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｇｍｂｈ 冷却回路において過冷却液によって被冷却体を冷却する装置
WO2015000708A1 (fr) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Messer Group Gmbh Dispositif de refroidissement d'un dissipateur avec un liquide surrefroidi dans un circuit de refroidissement
DE102013011212A1 (de) 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Messer Group Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Verbrauchers mit einer unterkühlten Flüssigkeit in einem Kühlkreislauf
DE102016010752A1 (de) 2016-09-06 2018-03-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Bauteils
EP3361187A1 (fr) 2017-02-08 2018-08-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
WO2018145816A1 (fr) 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif permettant de refroidir un consommateur ainsi que système comprenant un tel dispositif et un tel consommateur
JP2020507051A (ja) * 2017-02-08 2020-03-05 リンデ・アクツィエンゲゼルシャフトＬｉｎｄｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｎｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ 負荷を冷却する方法および装置ならびに相応する装置と負荷とを備えたシステム
CN110366664A (zh) * 2017-02-08 2019-10-22 林德股份公司 用于冷却负载的方法和设备以及包括对应的设备和负载的***
EP3376133A1 (fr) 2017-03-14 2018-09-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un ensemble pourvu d'une amenée de courant ainsi que système doté du dispositif correspondant
DE102017002475A1 (de) 2017-03-14 2018-09-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen einer Anordnung mit einer Stromführung sowie System mit entsprechender Vorrichtung
DE102017003105A1 (de) 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Bauteils
EP3511649A1 (fr) 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
EP3511650A1 (fr) 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur
EP3943833A1 (fr) 2020-07-23 2022-01-26 Linde GmbH Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un câble supraconducteur et système correspondant
RU2767668C1 (ru) * 2021-06-22 2022-03-18 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Криосистема авиационной интегрированной электроэнергетической установки на основе ВТСП

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Publication number Publication date
EP1355114A3 (fr) 2005-03-09
DE10217092A1 (de) 2003-11-06

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