EP1351549A2 - Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression - Google Patents

Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1351549A2
EP1351549A2 EP03450026A EP03450026A EP1351549A2 EP 1351549 A2 EP1351549 A2 EP 1351549A2 EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 1351549 A2 EP1351549 A2 EP 1351549A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
capsule
sound
microphone
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03450026A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1351549B1 (fr
EP1351549A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Pribyl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AKG Acoustics GmbH filed Critical AKG Acoustics GmbH
Publication of EP1351549A2 publication Critical patent/EP1351549A2/fr
Publication of EP1351549A3 publication Critical patent/EP1351549A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1351549B1 publication Critical patent/EP1351549B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic pressure gradient - microphone capsule for im with essentially flush installation in or behind, in particular, flat installation surfaces a capsule housing which has two, possibly subdivided, sound inlet openings, a membrane held on a membrane ring, an electrode and possibly acoustic friction
  • Electrostatic converters for microphones exhibit, regardless of their physical Working method, a membrane that is exposed to and from the sound field Vibrations is excited.
  • the object of the invention is thus an electrostatic Microphone.
  • the electrodes of the electrostatic converter are elastic, kept taut Membrane and a rigid electrode, which is usually only called the electrode. Both form a capacitor whose electrical capacity is characterized by pressure fluctuations of the sound field changed. Because between the electrodes of the electrostatic converter an electric field is built, it is possible to change the capacity of the Converter with the help of a downstream amplifier in electrical voltage changes convert.
  • the electroacoustic properties of electrostatic microphone capsules are mainly depends on the type of acoustic excitation of the membrane.
  • the technology is on the one hand the so-called pressure and on the other hand the so-called Pressure gradient receiver known.
  • the membrane of the former is only in one Direction (the so-called front direction) exposed to the sound field, they react therefore only on the changes in air pressure due to the sound waves. Because the air pressure is a scalar, microphones constructed in this way have a spherical directivity.
  • the membrane is from both directions Exposes sound field, it is therefore from the currently prevailing pressure gradient stimulated to move between the front and rear sides of the membrane.
  • Microphones constructed in this way have a difference in the propagation time of the sound waves to the front and to the rear of a directional pattern that through correct acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule, almost any shape between figure-eight and kidney-shaped directional characteristics can assume.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrostatic microphone capsule according to the state of the art. It has a front sound inlet opening 1 and a rear sound inlet opening 2.
  • microphone capsules The mounting of microphone capsules is demanded more and more, if possible To be installed flush in a flat and relatively large surface. It can be A headliner of a car act when a speakerphone for one Mobile phone or other communication device provided in the vehicle shall be. State-of-the-art microphone capsules are not able to to meet these conditions and can be very difficult, expensive and essential technical smears can be built into a flat surface. 2 shows the Usual assembly situation of a state of the art, according to electrostatic Principle working microphone capsule. In order for both to function To make the capsule necessary sound inlet openings accessible to the sound, it must above, instead of being installed in the installation area as intended.
  • the invention has set itself the task of a microphone capsule according to the electrostatic Principle works and as an electroacoustic transducer according to the pressure gradient principle is built to create even in a flat surface without optical Disturbances or acoustic compromises can be integrated while keeping a low level Has overall height and is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • these goals are achieved in that the two sound entry openings are arranged on one side of the capsule housing, the front, and that a sound inlet opening is acoustically conductive with the front of the membrane and the other sound inlet opening is acoustically conductive with the back of the membrane is connected and that the membrane is arranged substantially parallel to the front is.
  • a pressure gradient capsule has the following schematic structure: A membrane 1 is on a membrane ring 2 preloaded and glued on. It is by means of a spacer ring 3 from an electrode 4 brought to a distance of about 10 to 60 microns and forms together with it a capacitor. The electrode 4 is provided with bores. On the membrane A so-called acoustic friction 5 is provided on the side facing away from the electrode. The acoustic friction 5 usually has a plastic ring, the Opening with a porous material (metal mesh, sintered material, plastic mesh or natural fiber) is covered. The acoustic friction 5 serves the acoustic Tuning the microphone capsule.
  • This structure corresponds in principle to the state of the Technology.
  • the capsule is accommodated in a capsule housing 6.
  • the capsule housing 6 is closed on its upper side, the front side 11, with a cover.
  • the front side 11 has at least two sound openings, one opening, the front opening 7, the access of the sound waves to the front side of the membrane 1 allowed and the second opening, the rear opening 8, via a on the built-in parts of the Capsule passing sound channel 9, consisting of sections or areas 9a, 9b and 9c, the access of the sound waves to the rear side of the membrane 1 is permitted.
  • the Sound channel 9 can replace or supplement the acoustic friction 5, as by the Area 9c indicated, for this purpose a separate sound friction can be found inside the sound channel 9, for example in area 9b.
  • Such acoustic friction in the Sound channel 9 can either at its beginning, near the rear opening 8, or housed in sections or in the entire area of the sound channel become.
  • the capsule in Levels parallel to the membrane 1 has a larger cross section than the membrane ring 2 and that the remaining area is used for one inside the capsule Sound channel, namely to provide the sound channel 9a, 9b, 9c, which "around the membrane around "to the back of the" Membrane - Electrode "unit. Because the diameter of the membrane ring 2 is significantly larger than the height of the unit “membrane - Electrode "including rings and friction, it is possible through the invention clearly to produce flatter-build pressure gradient microphones than before, and with a lot reduced manufacturing costs, since assembly in one go, on the same Machines as previously possible, since only the capsule housing has a slightly different shape having.
  • the microphone capsule according to the invention can be installed in this way that the surface of the capsule housing 6 is flush with the installation surface 10 completes and is therefore optically inconspicuous.
  • the capsule is installed directed, so that the front opening 7 is closer to the source to be exposed than the rear opening 8 is.
  • the microphone capsule is acoustically tuned so that its directional characteristic their maximum sensitivity in the presumed direction of the speaker having. This ensures that the directional characteristic is parallel to the installation level 10 is positioned, which makes it possible to block out interference signals from other directions.
  • Fig. 3 the type of assembly is not shown in detail, the capsule can by Press fit, removable by gluing, by screws, bolts, etc. or fixed to the installation surface get connected.
  • the electrical contacting is also not shown, Knowing the invention, this is not a problem for the person skilled in the art.
  • the overall height can continue be reduced.
  • the cross section of the capsule housing can be oval or made normal to the membrane level two semicircles with a rectangular central part and so the circular Support components of the actual transducer over a substantial part of the circumference. If you choose another shape, it is also possible to connect these components for yourself and store together in the capsule housing, but this is because of the larger space requirement and the additional effort advised only in special cases.
  • the storage or mounting of the actual components, namely the friction, the Electrode and the membrane ring is not shown in detail in FIG. 3, it can through a shoulder or several console-like structures that extend from the inner lateral surface of the capsule housing 6 protrude inwards, the parts in which to the Sound channel 9 adjacent area are self-supporting, it can also Knobs, webs, elevations or the like. from the bottom of the capsule housing 6 upwards protrude (indicated in area 9b of the sound channel) and the friction or the electrode support.
  • Fig. 4 shows a directional characteristic achievable with the invention, indicated by the dashed line 13.
  • a transducer designed according to the invention is with its capsule housing 6 aligned (flush) mounted in the installation surface 10, the middle of the Both only indicated sound inlet openings 7, 8 lie in the plane of the drawing.
  • the Arrow P essentially indicates the direction in which the sensitivity of the built-in Microphone is largest. If this is the case when installing it in a vehicle corresponds to the direction of the driver's head, it is easy to see that the Microphone sound from the direction of the passenger, arrow N, from the most likely background noise come, hardly transmits, although the capsule is flat and inconspicuous behind the Installation surface 10 is.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP03450026A 2002-02-26 2003-01-27 Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression Expired - Lifetime EP1351549B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2902002 2002-02-26
AT0029002A AT410741B (de) 2002-02-26 2002-02-26 Druckgradienten-mikrofonkapsel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1351549A2 true EP1351549A2 (fr) 2003-10-08
EP1351549A3 EP1351549A3 (fr) 2007-04-18
EP1351549B1 EP1351549B1 (fr) 2012-11-07

Family

ID=3670931

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03450026A Expired - Lifetime EP1351549B1 (fr) 2002-02-26 2003-01-27 Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6885751B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1351549B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100508647C (fr)
AT (1) AT410741B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010121916A1 (fr) 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Phonic Ear A/S Système et procédé de communication à travers une barrière
EP2262277A1 (fr) 2007-11-13 2010-12-15 AKG Acoustics GmbH Ensemble de microphones
US8036412B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2011-10-11 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone system having pressure-gradient capsules
US8345898B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2013-01-01 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Transducer assembly
US8472639B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2013-06-25 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone arrangement having more than one pressure gradient transducer

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT410498B (de) * 2001-02-20 2003-05-26 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Elektroakustische kapsel
EP1513370A3 (fr) * 2003-09-08 2007-08-15 Sambu Communics Co., Ltd. Microphone à condensateur
US7529378B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2009-05-05 Phonak Ag Filter for interfering signals in hearing devices
CN101874411B (zh) * 2007-11-13 2015-01-21 Akg声学有限公司 包括三个压力梯度换能器的麦克风装置
WO2009062211A1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-22 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Détermination de position de sources sonores
WO2009062210A1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-22 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone
JP5022261B2 (ja) * 2008-02-08 2012-09-12 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット
WO2009099091A1 (fr) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Funai Electric Co., Ltd. Unité microphone
JP5481852B2 (ja) * 2008-12-12 2014-04-23 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット及びそれを備えた音声入力装置
KR20100092992A (ko) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-24 주식회사 비에스이 콘덴서 마이크로폰 케이스의 음향홀 형성 방법
JP5262859B2 (ja) * 2009-03-09 2013-08-14 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット
JP2011124696A (ja) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-23 Funai Electric Co Ltd 差動マイクロホンユニットおよび携帯機器
US20130177192A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-07-11 Knowles Electronics, Llc Vented Microphone Module
JP5931566B2 (ja) * 2012-04-26 2016-06-08 株式会社オーディオテクニカ 単一指向性マイクロホン
DE102012017980A1 (de) 2012-09-12 2014-03-13 Audi Ag Mikrofonvorrichtung zum Einbauen in einen Kraftwagen
DE102013213891A1 (de) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Mikrofonanordnung
JP6319797B2 (ja) * 2014-06-04 2018-05-09 株式会社オーディオテクニカ コンデンサマイクロホンユニット
US10820074B2 (en) * 2018-06-08 2020-10-27 Polycom, Inc. Gradient micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) microphone assembly

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0276996A2 (fr) 1987-01-29 1988-08-03 Crystalate Electronics Limited Microphone

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT251668B (de) * 1964-10-16 1967-01-10 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Elektroakusticher Wandler
US5226076A (en) * 1993-02-28 1993-07-06 At&T Bell Laboratories Directional microphone assembly
JP3975007B2 (ja) * 1998-07-10 2007-09-12 株式会社オーディオテクニカ 単一指向性マイクロホン
DE19963217A1 (de) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-12 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Differenzdruckmikrofon

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0276996A2 (fr) 1987-01-29 1988-08-03 Crystalate Electronics Limited Microphone

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8036412B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2011-10-11 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone system having pressure-gradient capsules
EP2262277A1 (fr) 2007-11-13 2010-12-15 AKG Acoustics GmbH Ensemble de microphones
US8472639B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2013-06-25 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone arrangement having more than one pressure gradient transducer
US8345898B2 (en) 2008-02-26 2013-01-01 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Transducer assembly
WO2010121916A1 (fr) 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Phonic Ear A/S Système et procédé de communication à travers une barrière

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6885751B2 (en) 2005-04-26
ATA2902002A (de) 2002-11-15
AT410741B (de) 2003-07-25
CN1441621A (zh) 2003-09-10
EP1351549B1 (fr) 2012-11-07
CN100508647C (zh) 2009-07-01
US20030165251A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP1351549A3 (fr) 2007-04-18

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