EP1334332B1 - Verfahren zur positionsmessung und positionsmesseinrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur positionsmessung und positionsmesseinrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1334332B1 EP1334332B1 EP01992872A EP01992872A EP1334332B1 EP 1334332 B1 EP1334332 B1 EP 1334332B1 EP 01992872 A EP01992872 A EP 01992872A EP 01992872 A EP01992872 A EP 01992872A EP 1334332 B1 EP1334332 B1 EP 1334332B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light pulse
- scale
- position measuring
- photodetector
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34707—Scales; Discs, e.g. fixation, fabrication, compensation
- G01D5/34715—Scale reading or illumination devices
- G01D5/34723—Scale reading or illumination devices involving light-guides
Definitions
- Incremental or absolute position measuring devices are defined Position detection of moving objects in machines, such as Machine tools or wafer steppers used. there the position measuring device has to determine the object position to a very specific extent Measure times and the control electronics, the movement controls, communicate. The times usually defines the control electronics with help of trigger impulses. These trigger pulses are the position measuring device or their evaluation electronics supplied, which then has an internal Saves counter reading and triggers the AD converter for signal interpolation, by instantaneous values of the mutually phase-shifted scanning signals the same period stored or taken over and this be converted analog-digital. The internal signal processing in the evaluation electronics ultimately outputs a position reading that is not exact at the trigger time, but at one to the Eintechnischzeit shifted time. Typical storage times are few microseconds.
- the object of the invention is a method for position measurement and a Indicate position measuring device for carrying out the method, which or which ensures a precise position measurement
- the measures according to the invention are extremely small Eintechnischjitter reachable.
- the position measuring device 100 consists of a relative one to a scanning device 5 in the measuring direction X movable scale 1 with a photoelectric scannable division 2.
- the division 2 can in transmitted light or be scanned in incident light.
- the scale 1 can continue for incremental or absolute length or angle measurement forms his.
- the light required for illuminating the scale 1 becomes light guided over an optical fiber 3 to the position measuring device 100.
- the Light source 4 of the optical position measuring device according to the invention 100 is not installed directly in the scanner 5 but it is located yourself in the place where a jitter-poor trigger pulse! also request signal called available, so preferably in the vicinity or integrated in a trigger pulse I generating control electronics 200.
- the trigger pulse I will now on a digital and thus fast driver stage 6 on the Light source 4 transmit, which therefore time synchronous with a light pulse IL a pulse duration of 25 psec to 5 nsec emits.
- This light pulse IL is coupled into the control electronics 200 in the optical fiber 3 and the Scanning 5 transmitted.
- the duration of the light pulse IL in the Optical fiber 3 is very constant, especially when single-mode fibers be used. But also with multimode gradient index fibers you get very good results.
- the light pulses IL are in the scanner 5 by a suitable scanning optics on the scale 1 and finally on photodiodes 7.1, 7.2. 7.3 steered. It is irrelevant which scanning optics is used. There are in particular pictorial and interferential scanning available.
- the charge amplifiers 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 can either in the following Evaluation electronics 9 or directly integrated in the scanning device 5 be. It is advantageous if they are integrated in the scanning device 5, then that charge-amplified scanning signals via lines 21, 22, 23 out become. They supply signal voltages at their outputs, which are provided by analog-to-digital converters 10 (ADC's) are converted into digital signals.
- ADC's analog-to-digital converters 10
- the subsequent digital processing takes place as in previous position measuring devices instead of putting out the several by 120 ° or by 90 ° mutually phase-shifted sampling signals of the same period interpolation values be determined within a period.
- the charging capacitors become the charge amplifiers 8.1, 8.2. 8.3 reset (discharge), so that the next measurement can be performed by another light pulse IL for Scale 1 is sent out.
- the short momentum IL defines in extreme exactly the time of the position determination.
- the following Electronic components - such as photodiodes 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, amplifiers, ADC's 10, connecting cables, etc. - do not affect the result and can Therefore, be relatively slow and therefore inexpensive.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the first one through the use of multimode optical fibers 11, 12, 13 for light feedback the modulated at scale 1 Abtastlichtbündel to evaluation 9.
- the photodiodes 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 are for reception of the light returned by the optical fibers 11, 12, 13 in the light Evaluation electronics 9 included.
- the scanner 5 passive, i. she is no longer connected to electrical cables and can thus also in critical environments (high voltage, discharges, explosive Gases) are used without interference. Besides, you can handle it even relatively high-frequency signals easily transmitted.
- the light pulse IL of the light source 4 can for simultaneous illumination of several scales, for example on several axes of a machine, serve. It should be the optical fibers in which the common light pulse IL supplied to the individual scales is at least approximately the same Have lengths.
- the trigger pulse I is an electrical or optical pulse, with the advantageously Sensors and possibly actuators of a machine synchronized together are.
- sensors are position measuring devices 100 more Axes, distance sensors, acceleration and speed sensors to call, so sensors that are used for rules.
- the trigger pulse I is with the controller clock of the controller unit of the machine, for example, a numerically controlled machine tool synchronized.
- an optical processing unit in the form of a optical fiber amplifier, optical switch or optical mixer be provided.
- the highly accurate position measurement according to the invention can with a second position measurement are combined.
- a second position measurement For example, about the Optical fiber 3 DC light of a different wavelength from the light pulse IL transmitted and with this Gleichlicht the division 2 and / or another Division or coding illuminated and scanned. With the scan then a coarse position is determined by the constant light and with the Light pulse IL refines this position.
- the rough position by a hardware counter are determined and the position determination means of the light pulse IL is effected by a software counter, which is the instantaneous position due to interpolation values of the phase-shifted ones Sampling signals.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optical Transform (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
- Alle analogen Verstärker, die zur Signalaufbereitung vor den AD-Wandlern nötig sind, besitzen begrenzte Bandbreiten und verzögern daher in erheblichem Maße die Abtastsignale. Kleine Driften der verwendeten Bauteile aufgrund von Temperatureinflüssen oder Alterungen beeinflussen die Signallaufzeiten und tragen damit zum Einspeicherjitter stark bei. Zudem sind die Signallaufzeiten von der Eingangsfrequenz und damit von der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit abhängig, was zusätzliche Beiträge zum Einspeicherjitter liefern kann.
- Auch die AD-Wandler liefern Beiträge zum Einspeicherjitter, da sie die angelegten Spannungen nicht exakt zu den Schaltflanken der Triggerimpulse messen.
- In der Regel sind die Abtastsignale um 90° gegeneinander phasenverschoben. Das Sinus- als auch das Kosinussignal müssen die gleiche Einspeicherzeit aufweisen, sonst erhält man eine von der genauen Position abgängige effektive Einspeicherzeit der Positionsmesseinrichtung, die zwischen der Einspeicherzeit des Sinus- und der des Kosinussignals schwankt. Bezüglich der Positionsbestimmung innerhalb einer Signalperiode ist jeweils das Abtastsignal maßgebend, welches in der Nähe seines Nulldurchgangs liegt, da es in diesem Bereich die größte Änderung der Position bzw. Phasenlage aufweist.
- Figur 1
- eine erste Positiansmesseinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung und
- Figur 2
- eine zweite Positionsmesseinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung eines bewegten Objektes einer Maschine, dessen Bewegung mittels einer Reglereinheit gesteuert wird, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:Übertragen eines Lichtimpulses (IL) über eine Lichtleifaser (3) zu einem Maßstab (1) und Beleuchten des Maßstabes (1) mit dem Lichtimpuls (IL);positionsabhängige Beeinflussung des Lichtimputses (IL) durch den Maßstab (1);Erfassen des vom Maßstab (1) beeinflussten Lichtimpulses (IL) von zumindest einem Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), gekennzeichnet durchErzeugen des Lichtimpulses (IL) aufgrund eines Anforderungssignals (I), wobeidas Anforderungssignal (I) von der Reglereinheit der Maschine synchronisiert zum Regtertakt erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aufgrund des Lichtimpulses (IL) im Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) Photoladungen erzeugt werden, die auf nachfolgende Ladungsverstärker (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) übertragen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladungsverstärker (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) zwischen dem Auftreten von zwei Lichtimpulsen (IL) zurückgesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Photodetektoren (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) vorgesehen sind, von denen jeder ein Teilstrahlenbitndet des vom Maßstab (1) beeinflussten Lichtimpulses (IL) empfängt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtimpuls (IL) zu mehreren Maßstäben an mehreren Achsen der Maschine übertragen wird.
- Positionsrnesseinrichtung zur Positionsbestimmung eines bewegten Objektes einer Maschine, dessen Bewegung mittels einer Reglereinheit gesteuert wird, miteinem Maßstab (1) und einer Abtasteinrichtung (5) zur Abtastung des Maßstabes (1);einer Lichtleitfaser (3) zur Übertragung eines Uchtimpulses (IL) von einer Lichtquelle (4) zur Abtasteinrichtung (5) und zur Beleuchtung des Maßstabes (1 );zumindest einem Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2. 7.3) zum Erfassen des vom Maßstab (1) positionsabhängig beeinflussten lichtimpulses (IL), gekennzeichnet dadurch, dassdie Lichtquelle (4) aufgrund eines von der Reglereinheit der Maschine synchron zum Regtertakt erzeugten Anforderungssignals (I) den Lichtimpuls (IL) abgibt.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung, nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem zumindest einen Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) ein Ladungsverstärker (8.1, 8.2.8.3) nachgeordnet ist.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zumindest eine Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) mit dem Ladungsverstärker (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) in der Abtasteinrichtung (5) angeordnet ist.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 7 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zumindest eine Photodetektor (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) in einer Auswerteeinrichtung (200) angeordnet ist, und dass der vom Maßstab (1) positionsabhängig beeinflusste Lichtimpuls (IL) über eine Lichtleitfaser (11, 12, 13) zu dem Photodetektor (7.1,- 7.2, 7.3) geleitet wird.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtleitfaser (3) eine singlemode-Faser ist.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtleitfaser (3) eine multimode- Gradientenindex-Faser ist.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtquelle (4) ein Halbleiterlaser ist.
- Positionsmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Photodetektoren (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) vorgesehen sind, von denen jeder ein Teilstrahlenbündei des vom Maßstab (1) beeinflussten Lichtimpulses (IL) empfängt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10054062A DE10054062A1 (de) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung und Positionsmesseinrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens |
DE10054062 | 2000-10-31 | ||
PCT/EP2001/011857 WO2002037060A1 (de) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-13 | Verfahren zur positionsmessung und positionsmesseinrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1334332A1 EP1334332A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1334332B1 true EP1334332B1 (de) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=7661741
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01992872A Expired - Lifetime EP1334332B1 (de) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-13 | Verfahren zur positionsmessung und positionsmesseinrichtung zur ausführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6977368B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1334332B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004513337A (de) |
DE (2) | DE10054062A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002037060A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2333493A2 (de) | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH | Positionsmesseinrichtung |
DE102015209117A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-10 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Interferentielle Positionsmesseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer interferentiellen Positionsmesseinrichtung |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10235669B4 (de) * | 2002-08-03 | 2016-11-17 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Positionsmesseinrichtung |
DE102005022876A1 (de) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-30 | Attocube Systems Ag | Positionierer mit optischer Positionserfassungseinrichtung |
US7389595B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2008-06-24 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Position-measuring device and method for operating a position-measuring device |
DE102006041357A1 (de) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-10 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Positionsmesseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Positionsmesseinrichtung |
DE112009002101T5 (de) | 2008-08-28 | 2012-01-12 | Faro Technologies, Inc. | Mit einem Index versehender optischer Encoder, Verfahren zum Indexieren eines optischen Encoders und Verfahren zum dynamischen Einstellen von Verstärkung und Offset in einem optischen Encoder |
CN103459991A (zh) | 2011-01-31 | 2013-12-18 | 维泰克实验室技术股份有限公司 | 具有数字的体积显示的瓶式分配器 |
US20140002642A1 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2014-01-02 | Elmar SWIEGOT | Absolute position detection |
JP2018513385A (ja) | 2015-04-22 | 2018-05-24 | ファロ テクノロジーズ インコーポレーテッド | 指標付き光学エンコーダ |
DE102018209136A1 (de) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-12 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Positionsmesseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Positionsmesseinrichtung |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US4291976A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-29 | Sperry Corporation | Digital fiber optic position sensor |
AT397308B (de) * | 1985-07-10 | 1994-03-25 | Rsf Elektronik Gmbh | Messsystem für die messung von längen und winkeln |
DE3711958A1 (de) | 1987-04-09 | 1988-10-27 | Asea Brown Boveri | Uebertragungssystem mit lichtwellenleitern |
US4931635A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1990-06-05 | Teijin Seiki Company Limited | Optical position sensor using Faraday effect element and magnetic scale |
US4907848A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1990-03-13 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Holographic rotary and linear encoder and method |
US4906837A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-06 | The Boeing Company | Multi-channel waveguide optical sensor |
US4931771A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1990-06-05 | Anro Engineering, Inc. | Optical fiber intrusion location sensor for perimeter protection of precincts |
FR2644012B1 (fr) * | 1989-03-03 | 1991-05-10 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Assemblage d'elements d'accumulateurs juxtaposes pour former un bloc |
DE68903831T2 (de) * | 1989-05-20 | 1993-04-15 | Hewlett Packard Gmbh | Verfahren zum betrieb eines spektrometers mit einer fotodiodenanordnung und spektrometer mit einer anordnung von fotodioden. |
US5038031A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-08-06 | Optec D.D. Melco Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Optical rotary encoder having large and small numerical aperture fibers |
US5073711A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1991-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fiber-optic remote angular position sensor including a polarization track |
JP3084408B2 (ja) | 1991-07-03 | 2000-09-04 | 工業技術院長 | 光ファイバ削減方法 |
JPH063165A (ja) | 1992-06-23 | 1994-01-11 | Tamagawa Seiki Co Ltd | 光ファイバエンコーダ |
JP2806198B2 (ja) | 1993-03-30 | 1998-09-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エンコーダ装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-10-31 DE DE10054062A patent/DE10054062A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-13 WO PCT/EP2001/011857 patent/WO2002037060A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-10-13 EP EP01992872A patent/EP1334332B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-13 JP JP2002539771A patent/JP2004513337A/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-13 US US10/415,626 patent/US6977368B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-13 DE DE50105647T patent/DE50105647D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2333493A2 (de) | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH | Positionsmesseinrichtung |
DE102009054592A1 (de) | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-16 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Positionsmesseinrichtung |
DE102015209117A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-10 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Interferentielle Positionsmesseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer interferentiellen Positionsmesseinrichtung |
US9664502B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2017-05-30 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Interferential position-measuring device and method for operating an interferential position-measuring device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10054062A1 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
DE50105647D1 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2004513337A (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
EP1334332A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
WO2002037060A1 (de) | 2002-05-10 |
US6977368B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
US20040031913A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
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