EP1327254B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1327254B1
EP1327254B1 EP01987939A EP01987939A EP1327254B1 EP 1327254 B1 EP1327254 B1 EP 1327254B1 EP 01987939 A EP01987939 A EP 01987939A EP 01987939 A EP01987939 A EP 01987939A EP 1327254 B1 EP1327254 B1 EP 1327254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
angle
command
main contacts
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01987939A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1327254A1 (de
Inventor
Norbert Elsner
Gerd Griepentrog
Reinhard Maier
Diethard Runggaldier
Bernhard Streich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1327254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1327254A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1327254B1 publication Critical patent/EP1327254B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the contact erosion of a switching device, in particular a contactor. It further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the main contacts designated as the main contacts switch a three-phase system
  • a uniform burn in the usually three main contacts can be achieved, whereby the service life is increased.
  • the wiring of the switching device or contactor coil has already been proposed with a capacity.
  • a desired equalization of the contact erosion can be increased by avoiding the so-called autosynchronization of the switching device.
  • switching commands can be delayed by certain methods such that a uniform distribution of the switching angle is caused.
  • the main contact arrangement most affected by the current burn-up could be relieved of the burn-up by suitably selecting the switching instant.
  • the two other main contact assemblies would be more heavily loaded, which also causes a leveling.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for reducing the contact erosion of a switching device, in particular a contactor, with the one hand, in particular caused by the switching synchronism, divergent burnup of the main contacts and on the other hand, the total burnup of all three main contact arrangements of the switching device is reduced. Furthermore, a device which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method should be specified.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
  • the command or Einschaltkommandowinkel is a specific, related to the phase position of the control or coil voltage for the electromagnetic actuation of the main contacts time.
  • the Einschaltkommandowinkel takes into account the dependent of this contact closing time between the application of the coil or control voltage coupled to the main contacts magnetic system of the switching device and the contact of the contact elements of the respective main contacts.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that in each half network period three preferred times or command angles exist, to which a switching operation causes a statistically average lower total burnup of all three main contacts than any other time or any other equally distributed command angle.
  • each of the preferred time points or command angles can be associated with exactly one main contact, which has, on a statistical average, a lower burn-up than the other two main contacts at a switching operation initiated at this time or at this command angle.
  • This association between the preferred times or command angles and the main contacts is unambiguous, so that each main contact or each main contact arrangement is assigned exactly a preferred command angle.
  • Each preferred command angle are two essential properties, namely on the one hand, a minimal burn-off for a particular main contact. On the other hand, when choosing this preferred and only one of the main contacts associated command angle for all main contacts of the burn-off in the statistical mean less than at any other command angle.
  • the delay can be accomplished for example by a discretely implemented delay element or by a microcontroller. Since a total of three preferred command angles or times exist for each half network period, the delay is at most 180 °, which corresponds to a delay time of 10 ms at a network frequency of 50 Hz. In this way, on the one hand the avoidance of any switching synchronization is ensured. On the other hand, a reduction of the cumulative contact erosion in all three main contacts or main contact arrangements is achieved.
  • the current burnup of the three main contacts is preferably determined by a time interval measurement during the turn-off operation.
  • the time span between a separation of the magnetic system provided for the electromagnetic actuation of the main contacts and the separation of the main contacts is detected.
  • the separation of the magnet system can be detected by a characteristic voltage pulse at the associated magnetic coil.
  • the separation of the main contacts also results in a voltage pulse whose height corresponds at least to the anode-cathode voltage of a resulting arc.
  • Such a time interval measurement is described for example in DE 196 03 310 A1 and DE 196 03 319 A1.
  • the time interval measurement uses the knowledge that the burnup of the main contacts primarily in a reduction in the thickness of the contact pad and thus expressed in a shortened way.
  • Document US-A-5440180 discloses a method for reducing the contact erosion of a switching device in which a turn-on command pending for electromagnetic actuation of its main contacts is delayed for initiating a switching operation.
  • the device comprises a number of Ausretegliedern for determining the burnup of each main contact of the switching device.
  • each evaluation element carries out a time interval measurement on the basis of the voltage across the respective main contact and the voltage of the magnet coil of the magnet system.
  • the three preferred command angles which are the three phases of the three-phase network associated phase angle of the coil or control voltage for the magnet system of the switching device are expediently stored as a table in a memory module.
  • a phase comparator generates based on a comparison of the main contact with the currently strongest burnout associated command or phase angle with the phase angle of the currently detected control voltage of the magnet system, a pulse to initiate the switching operation.
  • the pulse train of the pulse generated expediently corresponds to half a network period.
  • a flip-flop which is connected downstream of the phase comparator, transmits, with the pulse generated by the phase comparator, the turn-on command to a switch for applying the control or coil voltage to the magnet system.
  • the phase comparator is connected to a phase output of the switching device, to which one of the phases of the three-phase network is connected.
  • FIG. 1 shows a contactor as a switching device 1 with three hereinafter referred to as main contacts K1 to K3 main contact arrangements whose stationary contact elements K1a, K2a and K3a are connected on the one hand to phase terminals 2 of a three-phase network L1, L2, L3, N and on the other hand with a load 3.
  • the movable contact elements K1b, K2b and K3b of the main contacts K1 to K3 are actuated by a common magnet system with a magnetic coil 4.
  • the magnet coil 4, with which the main contacts K1 to K3 are mechanically coupled, is connected via a control line 5 on the one hand to the phase terminal 2 of the phase conductor L3 and on the other hand to the terminal 2 of the neutral conductor N.
  • In the control line 5 is a switch 6 for driving the solenoid 4 and thus for actuating, ie for switching on and off of the magnet system of the switching device.
  • Each main contact K1 to K3 is assigned an evaluation element A L3 , A L2 , A L1 for determining the contact erosion of the respective main contact K1 to K3.
  • Each of these evaluation elements A L3 , A L2 , A L1 is on the one hand via a measuring line 7, the voltage U 1 , U 2 , U 3 on the respective main contact K1 to K3 and on the other hand via measuring lines 8, the control or coil voltage U s to the solenoid coil 4th fed.
  • the evaluation elements A L3 , A L2 , A L1 perform a time interval measurement and thus determine the current burnup values ⁇ m 1 , ⁇ m 2 , ⁇ m 3 of the main contacts K1 to K3, ie respective thickness of the remaining contact pads of the main contacts K1 to K3.
  • the phase comparator 11 continuously compares the phase angle ⁇ of the coil or control voltage U s with the preferred command angle ⁇ KV and, if coincident, outputs a short pulse S, which is for example about 100 ⁇ s long.
  • the phase comparator 11 is connected via a control line 12 to the terminal 2 of the neutral conductor N and one of the phase terminals 2, in the embodiment of the phase L3, the three-phase network.
  • the polarity of the coil voltage U s remains unconsidered, so that the pulses S are output at intervals of half the grid period T / 2.
  • the pulse S is fed to an input E 1 of a flip-flop 13, at the other input E 2 an external switching command, ie the external switch-on command ES, is present.
  • the output side connected to the switch 6 flip-flop 13 accepts the pending at the input E 1 pulse S at the input E 2 pending switching command ES and thus initiates the switch-on via the delay-free switch 6 a.
  • the derivation of the preferred command angle ⁇ KV from the switching behavior of the electromagnetically actuated switching device or contactor 1 is described below with reference to FIGS 2 to 6 in more detail.
  • the switch-on process of a 37kW contactor verified by measurements is used as an example.
  • FIG. 2 shows the closing time t s dependent on the switch-on command angle ⁇ K.
  • the Einschaltkommandowinkel ⁇ K is in this case based on the phase position of the sinusoidal control or protection coil voltage U s phase angle. It can be seen from the graph that the closing time t s dependent on the switch-on command angle ⁇ K is not constant but subject to a fluctuation of more than 10 ms. This corresponds to a network frequency of 50 Hz an angle ⁇ K of more than 180 °.
  • the switching time t s is minimal. The reason for this is that there when switching on the almost exclusively inductive contactor or solenoid 4, a maximum transient DC link is caused, which in total has a higher tightening force result.
  • the closing time t s is subject to virtually no statistical fluctuations.
  • FIG. 3 shows the closing speed v s which is dependent on the switching-on command angle ⁇ K , ie the speed with which the main contacts K1, K2, K3 meet one another.
  • the closing time t s is also the closing speed v s depending on Einschaltkommandowinkel ⁇ K.
  • the course of the closing speed v s is significantly dependent on the structural conditions of the respective contactor or switching device 1, so that generally valid statements can not be made practically.
  • the closing speed v s at constant Einschaltkommandowinkel ⁇ K is subjected to a statistical dispersion, which emerges from the determined according to the measured standard deviation error band. Nevertheless, the closing speed v s of all three main contacts K1, K2, K3 is approximately the same, which is reflected in the single graph.
  • the lift-off time t ab is the cumulative time during which the main contacts K1, K2, K3 are again separated from each other after the first touch. This is an authoritative for the burn arc between the contact elements 1a to 3b of the main contacts K1 to K3 caused.
  • the amount of flowing current i during the bounce lifts of the main contacts K1 to K3 is also important for the burnup. It can be assumed that the burnup is proportional to the integral of the arc current i over time.
  • ⁇ m are the contact erosion and C 'and k, in particular of the properties of the main contact K1 to K3, z.
  • B its geometry and material, dependent constants.
  • T is the network period with usually 20 ms period duration.
  • ⁇ s is the closing angle related to the respective phase or phase line L1, L2, L3.
  • C is a dependent of the load to be switched 3 and the mains voltage constant.
  • the control voltage U s is in turn coherent with the external or phase conductor L3.
  • the mean value of the three relative bounce charges Q is drawn there in the form of a line marked with crosses.
  • the switch-on of an AC-driven, electromagnetically actuated contactor 1 is influenced by taking advantage of its specific properties such that on the one hand the switching synchronization effect avoided and on the other hand, the burning of the main contacts K1, K2, K3 is reduced overall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP01987939A 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes Expired - Lifetime EP1327254B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000151161 DE10051161C1 (de) 2000-10-16 2000-10-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung des Kontaktabbrandes eines Schaltgerätes
DE10051161 2000-10-16
PCT/DE2001/003814 WO2002033716A1 (de) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1327254A1 EP1327254A1 (de) 2003-07-16
EP1327254B1 true EP1327254B1 (de) 2007-05-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01987939A Expired - Lifetime EP1327254B1 (de) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1327254B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3828866B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1214421C (zh)
DE (2) DE10051161C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2002033716A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005035658B3 (de) * 2005-07-29 2007-04-12 Siemens Ag Betriebsverfahren für ein Schaltgerät und hiermit korrespondierendes Schaltgerät
DE102005043895B4 (de) * 2005-09-14 2007-07-26 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanisch betätigten Schaltgerätes und nach diesem Verfahren betriebenes Schaltgerät
DE102006014914B3 (de) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanisch betätigten Schaltgerätes und nach diesem Verfahren betriebenes Schaltgerät
EP1986203A1 (de) * 2007-04-26 2008-10-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Feststellung des Vorhandenseins einer Kontaktisolierschicht bei einem kontaktbehafteten Schaltelement sowie Schaltgerät mit einem derartigen Schaltelement
US20110062960A1 (en) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-17 Lenin Prakash Device and method to monitor electrical contact status
WO2012072810A1 (de) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung von schaltgeräten
EP2707889B1 (en) * 2011-05-09 2019-09-18 ABB Schweiz AG Automatic acquisition of circuit breaker operating times for controlled switching
US10141143B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2018-11-27 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Wear-balanced electromagnetic motor control switching
JP7049183B2 (ja) * 2018-05-23 2022-04-06 三菱電機株式会社 電力量計および電気機器
DE102021212854A1 (de) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Anordnung zur Zustandsbestimmung eines Schalters

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5440180A (en) * 1992-09-28 1995-08-08 Eaton Corporation Microprocessor based electrical contactor with distributed contactor opening
DE4427006A1 (de) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
DE4434074A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Siemens Ag Mehrpoliges Schütz
DE19603319A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
DE19603310A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1446367A (zh) 2003-10-01
DE50112489D1 (de) 2007-06-21
JP3828866B2 (ja) 2006-10-04
WO2002033716A1 (de) 2002-04-25
JP2004512637A (ja) 2004-04-22
EP1327254A1 (de) 2003-07-16
CN1214421C (zh) 2005-08-10
DE10051161C1 (de) 2002-03-07

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