EP1276502A1 - Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis - Google Patents
Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitisInfo
- Publication number
- EP1276502A1 EP1276502A1 EP00922278A EP00922278A EP1276502A1 EP 1276502 A1 EP1276502 A1 EP 1276502A1 EP 00922278 A EP00922278 A EP 00922278A EP 00922278 A EP00922278 A EP 00922278A EP 1276502 A1 EP1276502 A1 EP 1276502A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- decongestant
- dosage unit
- antihistamine
- hours
- formulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to treatments for rhinitis, more particularly, to combinations of decongestant and non-sedating antihistamine that avoid stimulation when stimulation is not desired.
- Rhinitis refers to an inflammatory disorder of the nasal passages.
- the symptoms of rhinitis typically consist of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and increased nasal secretions. Failure of treatment of rhinitis may lead to other disorders that include infection of the sinuses, ears, and lower respiratory tract.
- Two types of oral medication are commonly used to treat the symptoms of rhinitis, decongestants and antihistamines. Decongestants and antihistamines differ in their mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, and side effects. It is common practice to combine both of these medications to bring about more complete symptom relief of rhinitis than with either entity alone.
- Decongestants commonly used to treat rhinitis include the adrenaline-like agents pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. These agents act to constrict vessels in the nasal mucus membranes and thereby decrease tissue swelling and nasal congestion. Decongestants are found to be better than antihistamines for restoring the patency of congested nasal airways. Like adrenaline, nasal decongestants are stimulatory and produce side effects that may be tolerated while the user is awake, and may even be considered desirable to counter fatigue that is known to accompany other symptoms of rhinitis. Decongestants, however, may produce nervousness, restlessness, and insomnia if taken when sleep is desired.
- Histamine is a mediator released from cells that line the walls of the nasal mucous membranes (mast cells). When released, histamine binds to local histamine receptors causing sneezing, nasal itching, swelling of the nasal membranes, and increased nasal secretions. Antihistamines relieve these effects, albeit by a different mechanism than decongestants. Antihistamines block the binding of histamines to the histamine receptors by preemptively binding to the receptors.
- antihistamines are generally sedating. However, newer antihistamines with no or little sedation have been developed in the last twenty years.
- decongestants and antihistamines utilizes both mechanistic approaches, and has been shown to offer more complete relief of rhinitis symptoms than therapy with either component alone. Consequently, many products have been formulated so that their dosage units contain both.
- the incorporation of decongestant and sedating antihistamine into a single dosage unit attempts a balance between the stimulating and sedating side effects of these components.
- SELDANE-D Extended-Release Tablets which contains 60 mg terfenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
- ALLEGRA-D contains 60 mg fexofenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
- CLARITIN-D ® 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
- SYN-RXTM contains a daytime formulation of 600 mg guaifenesin, which is non-stimulating, and 60 mg pseudoephedrine, which is stimulating, and a nighttime formulation of 600 mg of guaifenesin alone.
- SYN-RXTM does not contain an antihistamine. In failing to contain any medication that would be effective for the symptoms of rhinitis at night, SYN-RXTM does not constitute a treatment for rhinitis.
- Another object is to formulate antihistamines and decongestants together for the treatment of rhinitis so as to avoid stimulation at night.
- Yet another object is to provide a formulation for a user which incorporates antihistamines and decongestants together as a single dosage unit for the treatment of rhinitis in a manner so as not to cause stimulation at night and which can be taken once per day.
- a further object is to provide a user with a single dosage unit that provides an operational combination of decongestant and antihistamine during the day and antihistamine without decongestant at night.
- the single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis is expertly formulated with a combination of medications, including a nasal decongestant, antihistamine, and optionally, other medications, such as an analgesic.
- the dosage unit is for oral ingestion.
- the dosage unit preferably contains a non-sedating antihistamine, such as loratidine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine.
- decongestants include pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine.
- the single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis contains a combination of medications that include nasal decongestants and antihistamines.
- the dosage units may be in the form of tablets, pills, capsules, caplets, or other recognized oral form of medication.
- the dosage unit may be formulated to contain sedating or, preferably, non-sedating antihistamine.
- the components are formulated so as to produce the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic characteristics desired. The devising of such formulations requires pharmaceutical expertise and requires understanding of the actions, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of antihistamines, decongestants, components which affect the bioavailability of the medications, and other formulated components.
- day and night used herein are intended to be synonymous with the period of wakefulness, when stimulation might be acceptable, and the period of sleeping, when stimulation would be undesired, respectively. Such times vary in accordance with the schedule of individuals.
- Example 1 A single dosage unit consisting of 120 mg pseudoephedrine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-12 hour time, and 10 mg loratidine, a non-sedating antihistamine, formulated so as to be released immediately. When taken at the start of the day (a time anticipating a desire to be awake for 12 to 16 hours), this dosage unit provides immediate dosing with loratidine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect 1 to 3 hours after dosing, reach a maximum at 8 to 12 hours, and last in excess of 24 hours.
- This dosage unit preferably provides immediate and delayed action of pseudoephedrine so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when the stimulation of pseudoephedrine is best tolerated, but not at night.
- pseudoephedrine has a 4 to 6 hour half-life, considerably shorter than that of loratidine.
- the comparatively short decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine may be prolonged by release over time so as to achieve efficacy through the waking hours, but not during the time when stimulation is undesired.
- One such time- release method involves the additional formulation of cellulose ether base materials such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to bond to the therapeutic agent and delay its bioavailability. Such time-release methods may be utilized to delay the bioavailability of all or only a portion of the ingested dose, and for varying lengths of time.
- the antihistamine and decongestant components of this formulation are similar to that of CLARITIN-D ® 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours in adults.
- the present invention formulation differs, however, in that it contains a lesser dose of pseudoephedrine, and that it limits the duration of action of pseudoephedrine to the daytime hours, thus avoiding the stimulation of pseudoephedrine at night.
- Example 2 A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 10 mg cetirizine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be released immediately.
- this formulation provides immediate dosing with cetirizine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect within one hour after dosing and to persist for at least 22 hours.
- This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not to exceed 16 hours after administration so as to exert effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but exerts no effect at night.
- Example 3 A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 120 mg of fexofenadine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be active over a 24-hour period.
- Fexofenadine when given alone, exhibits antihistaminic effect within one hour, achieves a maximum effect at 12 hours, and still has a visible effect at 24 hours.
- This formulation preferably provides immediate and delayed activity of fexofenadine over a 24-hour span.
- This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not in excess of 16 hours after administration so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but not so long as to provide an effect during the time when stimulation is undesired, as at night.
- analgesics such as salicylates and acetaminophen may be considered for inclusion in such dosage units and are within the scope of this invention.
- analgesics such as salicylates and acetaminophen may be considered for inclusion in such dosage units and are within the scope of this invention.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/010328 WO2001078782A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1276502A1 true EP1276502A1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
Family
ID=21741287
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00922278A Ceased EP1276502A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1276502A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5592042B2 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2000242484B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2405238C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001078782A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PE20020055A1 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2002-02-12 | Schering Corp | STABLE LIQUID AND SOLID FORMULATIONS INCLUDING A NON-SEDATING ANTIHISTAMINE AND A NASAL DECONGESTANT |
JP2004026810A (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2004-01-29 | Rohto Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Composition for rhinitis |
JP4320217B2 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2009-08-26 | 剤盛堂薬品株式会社 | Oral preparation for rhinitis |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4990535A (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1991-02-05 | Schering Corporation | Pharmaceutical composition comprising loratadine, ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine |
US5314697A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-24 | Schering Corporation | Stable extended release oral dosage composition comprising loratadine and pseudoephedrine |
TR199901003T2 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-07-21 | Schering Corporation | Composition containing loratadine and a decongestant for the treatment of asthma. |
EP0903151A1 (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-03-24 | ASTA Medica Aktiengesellschaft | Use of combinations comprising non-sedating antihistamines and alpha-adrenergic drugs for the topical treatment of rhinitis/conjunctivitis and cold, cold-like and/or flu symptoms |
US6132758A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-10-17 | Schering Corporation | Stabilized antihistamine syrup |
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 JP JP2001576081A patent/JP5592042B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-14 CA CA2405238A patent/CA2405238C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 WO PCT/US2000/010328 patent/WO2001078782A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00922278A patent/EP1276502A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 AU AU2000242484A patent/AU2000242484B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 AU AU4248400A patent/AU4248400A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0178782A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003532642A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
AU2000242484B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
JP5592042B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
CA2405238A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
CA2405238C (en) | 2014-03-18 |
WO2001078782A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
AU4248400A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
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