CA2405238C - Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis - Google Patents
Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An oral once-per-day single dosage unit for treating the symptoms of rhinitis formulated with a nasal decongestant having a duration of action of not more than about sixteen hours and antihistamine. Preferably, the antihistamine is non-sedating.
Description
SINGLE-DOSE ANTIHISTAMINE/DECONGESTANT FORMULATIONS
FOR TREATING RHINITIS
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to treatments for rhinitis, more particularly, to combinations of decongestant and non-sedating antihistamine that avoid 2. Description of the Prior Art Rhinitis refers to an inflammatory disorder of the nasal passages. The symptoms of rhinitis typically consist of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, Decongestants commonly used to treat rhinitis include the adrenaline-like agents pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. These agents act to constrict vessels in the nasal mucus membranes and thereby decrease tissue if taken when sleep is desired. This can be a source of confusion for individuals, who mistakenly attribute their inability to sleep to the malaise that may accompany other rhinitis symptoms, rather than to the decongestant medication.
Histamine is a mediator released from cells that line the walls of the nasal mucous membranes (mast cells). When released, histamine binds to local histamine receptors causing sneezing, nasal itching, swelling of the nasal membranes, and increased nasal secretions. Antihistamines relieve these effects, albeit by a different mechanism than decongestants. Antihistamines block the binding of histamines to the histamine receptors by preemptively binding to the receptors. Consequently they are effective only if given prior to histamine release since once histamine is released and binds to the receptors, it is too late. Although individuals typically take antihistamines after symptoms occur, it is more desirable to dose antihistamines so as to effect therapeutic availability in anticipation of histamine release. Antihistamines are generally sedating. However, newer antihistamines with no or little sedation have been developed in the last twenty years.
Combining decongestants and antihistamines utilizes both mechanistic approaches, and has been shown to offer more complete relief of rhinitis symptoms than therapy with either component alone. Consequently, many products have been formulated so that their dosage units contain both. The incorporation of decongestant and sedating antihistamine into a single dosage unit attempts a balance between the stimulating and sedating side effects of these components.
However, individuals are known to vary in their susceptibility to these side effects. Consequently, some individuals experience stimulation and insomnia when taking these combinations at night. More recently, formulations have been commercialized which incorporate a decongestant and a non-sedating antihistamine into a single dosage unit for the purpose of avoiding daytime sedation. Such combinations might be expected to provoke a greater incidence of nighttime irritability and insomnia because the stimulating side effects of decongestant are not attenuated by concomitant sedation by antihistamine.
Indeed, a 25% incidence of insomnia has been disclosed among users of a commercialized combination of the non-sedating antihistamine terfenadine and the decongestant pseudoephedrine. Examples of such formulations include:
SELDANE-D Extended-Release Tablets which contains 60 mg terfenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
ALLEGRA-D contains 60 mg fexofenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
CLARITIN-D 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
These and all currently marketed single entity combinations, which are formulated with decongestant and non-sedating antihistamine, fail to address the problem of nighttime irritability and insomnia, a problem that is increased by combining non-sedating, rather than sedating antihistamine. Note is made of prior art which is directed toward reducing the side effects of antihistamines and decongestants. U.S. Patent No. 4,295,567, issued to Knudsen, teaches a regimen for employing separate day and night dosage units for the purpose of avoiding daytime sedation from sedating antihistamines. This patent does not anticipate the advent of non-sedating antihistamine and overlooks the side effect of nighttime stimulation from decongestants. A regimen, commercialized as SYN-, RXTm also employs separate day and night dosage units. SYNRXTM contains a daytime formulation of 600 mg guaifenesin, which is non-stimulating, and 60 mg pseudoephedrine, which is stimulating, and a nighttime formulation of 600 mg of guaifenesin alone. SYNRXTM
does not contain an antihistamine. In failing to contain any medication that would be effective for the symptoms of rhinitis at night, SYNRXTM does not constitute a treatment for rhinitis. The use of multi-dosage unit regimens of such prior art is less convenient for a user than a single dose, once-per-day formulation, and more complex to follow, adding the potential for a user to confuse dosage units.
Individuals with rhinitis utilize antihistamines and decongestants together many of millions of times a year. Professional as well as consumer confusion is widely encountered with the use of these medications together, and unnecessarily negative consequences occur both by self-selection and prescription. In particular, individuals treated with decongestants at night not only ¨5 risk insomnia, but also daytime irritability, fatigue, and malaise from lack of rest. It is known that these side effects are sometimes mistakenly ascribed to rhinitis rather than to the medication causing them. There is a present need for formulations which circumvent this confusion and which avoid nighttime stimulation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) an antihistamine; (b) a decongestant; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the decongestant wherein: i) the antihistamine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the decongestant has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours, with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) 10 mg of loratadine; (b) 120 mg of pseudoephedrine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the pseudoephedrine over a period of 10 to 12 hours, wherein: i) the loratadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; ii) the pseudoephedrine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; and iii) the time release component comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) 10 mg of cetirizine; (b) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the cetirizine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising: a0 120 mg of fexofenadine; b) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the fexofenadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours;
with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
It is an object of the present invention to simplify the combined use of antihistamine and nasal decongestant medications for a user for the purpose of enhancing the convenience of utilizing these medications, reducing error in taking these medications, and reducing the side effects of these medications. Another object is to formulate antihistamines and decongestants together for the treatment of rhinitis so as to avoid stimulation at night. Yet another object is to provide a formulation for a user which incorporates antihistamines and decongestants together as a single dosage unit for the treatment of rhinitis in a manner so as not to cause stimulation at night and which can be taken once per day. A further object is to provide a user with a single dosage unit that provides an operational combination of decongestant and antihistamine during the day and antihistamine without decongestant at night.
The single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis is expertly formulated with a combination of medications, including a nasal decongestant, antihistamine, and optionally, other medications, such as an analgesic. The dosage unit is for oral ingestion. The dosage unit preferably contains a non-sedating antihistamine, such as loratidine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine. Examples of decongestants include pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine.
lo Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in light of the following detailed description of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis contains a combination of medications that include nasal decongestants and antihistamines. The dosage unit s may be in the form of tablets, pills, capsules, caplets, or other recognized oral form of medication. The dosage unit may be formulated to contain sedating or, preferably, non-sedating antihistamine.
The components are formulated so as to produce the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic characteristics desired. The devising of such formulations requires pharmaceutical expertise and requires understanding of the actions, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of antihistamines, decongestants, components which affect the bioavailability of the medications, and other formulated components.
The terms "day" and "night" used herein are intended to be synonymous with the period of wakefulness, when stimulation might be acceptable, and the period of sleeping, when stimulation would be undesired, respectively. Such times vary in accordance with the schedule of individuals.
Examples of the preferred single dosage units of the present invention include:
Example 1. A single dosage unit consisting of 120 mg pseudoephedrine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-12 hour time, and 10 mg loratidine, a non-sedating antihistamine, formulated so as to be released immediately. When taken at the start of the day (a time anticipating a desire to be awake for 12 to 16 hours), this dosage unit provides immediate dosing with loratidine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect 1 to hours after dosing, reach a maximum at 8 to 12 hours, and last in excess of 24 hours.
This dosage unit preferably provides immediate and delayed action of pseudoephedrine so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when the stimulation of pseudoephedrine is best tolerated, but not at night. Once released, pseudoephedrine has a 4 to 6 hour half-life, considerably shorter than that of loratidine. The comparatively short decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine may be prolonged by release over time so as to achieve efficacy through the waking hours, but not during the time when stimulation is undesired. One such time-release method involves the additional formulation of cellulose ether base materials such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to bond to the therapeutic agent and delay its bioavailability. Such time-release methods may be utilized to delay the bioavailability of all or only a portion of the ingested dose, and for varying lengths of time.
The antihistamine and decongestant components of this formulation are similar to that of CLARITIN-D 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours in adults. The present invention formulation differs, however, in that it contains a lesser dose of pseudoephedrine, and that it limits the duration of action of pseudoephedrine to the daytime hours, thus avoiding the stimulation of pseudoephedrine at night.
Example 2. A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 10 mg cetirizine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be released immediately. When taken at the start of the day, this formulation provides immediate dosing with cetirizine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect within one hour after dosing and to persist for at least 22 hours. This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not to exceed 16 hours after administration so as to exert effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but exerts no effect at night. Like pseudoephedrine, the comparatively short half-life and decongestant effect of phenylpropanolamine, is prolonged in this formulation by incorporating a prolonged release of phenylpropanolamine over time so as to achieve efficacy through the waking hours, but not so long as to provide phenylpropanolamine activity during the time when stimulation is undesired.
Example 3. A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 120 mg of fexofenadine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be active over a 24-hour period.
Fexofenadine, when given alone, exhibits antihistaminic effect within one hour, achieves a maximum effect at 12 hours, and still has a visible effect at 24 hours. This formulation preferably provides immediate and delayed activity of fexofenadine over a 24-hour span. This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not in excess of 16 hours after administration so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but not so long as to provide an effect during the time when stimulation is undesired, as at night.
In addition to antihistamines and decongestants, additional therapeutic ingredients for the treatment of rhinitis may be formulated if desired. For example, analgesics such as salicylates and acetaminophen may be considered for inclusion in such dosage units and are within the scope of this invention.
These examples do not constitute an exhaustive list of potential combinations, and variations and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art. Those of skill in the art may also recognize modifications to these presently disclosed embodiments. One such modification might involve a time-release of decongestant over periods other than those exemplified, but not so as to allow stimulation at night. These variations and modifications are meant to be covered by the scope of the present claims.
Thus it has been shown and described antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis that satisfies the objects set forth above.
Since certain changes may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter described in the foregoing specification be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense
FOR TREATING RHINITIS
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to treatments for rhinitis, more particularly, to combinations of decongestant and non-sedating antihistamine that avoid 2. Description of the Prior Art Rhinitis refers to an inflammatory disorder of the nasal passages. The symptoms of rhinitis typically consist of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, Decongestants commonly used to treat rhinitis include the adrenaline-like agents pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. These agents act to constrict vessels in the nasal mucus membranes and thereby decrease tissue if taken when sleep is desired. This can be a source of confusion for individuals, who mistakenly attribute their inability to sleep to the malaise that may accompany other rhinitis symptoms, rather than to the decongestant medication.
Histamine is a mediator released from cells that line the walls of the nasal mucous membranes (mast cells). When released, histamine binds to local histamine receptors causing sneezing, nasal itching, swelling of the nasal membranes, and increased nasal secretions. Antihistamines relieve these effects, albeit by a different mechanism than decongestants. Antihistamines block the binding of histamines to the histamine receptors by preemptively binding to the receptors. Consequently they are effective only if given prior to histamine release since once histamine is released and binds to the receptors, it is too late. Although individuals typically take antihistamines after symptoms occur, it is more desirable to dose antihistamines so as to effect therapeutic availability in anticipation of histamine release. Antihistamines are generally sedating. However, newer antihistamines with no or little sedation have been developed in the last twenty years.
Combining decongestants and antihistamines utilizes both mechanistic approaches, and has been shown to offer more complete relief of rhinitis symptoms than therapy with either component alone. Consequently, many products have been formulated so that their dosage units contain both. The incorporation of decongestant and sedating antihistamine into a single dosage unit attempts a balance between the stimulating and sedating side effects of these components.
However, individuals are known to vary in their susceptibility to these side effects. Consequently, some individuals experience stimulation and insomnia when taking these combinations at night. More recently, formulations have been commercialized which incorporate a decongestant and a non-sedating antihistamine into a single dosage unit for the purpose of avoiding daytime sedation. Such combinations might be expected to provoke a greater incidence of nighttime irritability and insomnia because the stimulating side effects of decongestant are not attenuated by concomitant sedation by antihistamine.
Indeed, a 25% incidence of insomnia has been disclosed among users of a commercialized combination of the non-sedating antihistamine terfenadine and the decongestant pseudoephedrine. Examples of such formulations include:
SELDANE-D Extended-Release Tablets which contains 60 mg terfenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
ALLEGRA-D contains 60 mg fexofenadine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 120 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 12 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
CLARITIN-D 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (non-sedating antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (stimulating decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours (adults and children over 12 years of age).
These and all currently marketed single entity combinations, which are formulated with decongestant and non-sedating antihistamine, fail to address the problem of nighttime irritability and insomnia, a problem that is increased by combining non-sedating, rather than sedating antihistamine. Note is made of prior art which is directed toward reducing the side effects of antihistamines and decongestants. U.S. Patent No. 4,295,567, issued to Knudsen, teaches a regimen for employing separate day and night dosage units for the purpose of avoiding daytime sedation from sedating antihistamines. This patent does not anticipate the advent of non-sedating antihistamine and overlooks the side effect of nighttime stimulation from decongestants. A regimen, commercialized as SYN-, RXTm also employs separate day and night dosage units. SYNRXTM contains a daytime formulation of 600 mg guaifenesin, which is non-stimulating, and 60 mg pseudoephedrine, which is stimulating, and a nighttime formulation of 600 mg of guaifenesin alone. SYNRXTM
does not contain an antihistamine. In failing to contain any medication that would be effective for the symptoms of rhinitis at night, SYNRXTM does not constitute a treatment for rhinitis. The use of multi-dosage unit regimens of such prior art is less convenient for a user than a single dose, once-per-day formulation, and more complex to follow, adding the potential for a user to confuse dosage units.
Individuals with rhinitis utilize antihistamines and decongestants together many of millions of times a year. Professional as well as consumer confusion is widely encountered with the use of these medications together, and unnecessarily negative consequences occur both by self-selection and prescription. In particular, individuals treated with decongestants at night not only ¨5 risk insomnia, but also daytime irritability, fatigue, and malaise from lack of rest. It is known that these side effects are sometimes mistakenly ascribed to rhinitis rather than to the medication causing them. There is a present need for formulations which circumvent this confusion and which avoid nighttime stimulation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) an antihistamine; (b) a decongestant; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the decongestant wherein: i) the antihistamine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the decongestant has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours, with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) 10 mg of loratadine; (b) 120 mg of pseudoephedrine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the pseudoephedrine over a period of 10 to 12 hours, wherein: i) the loratadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; ii) the pseudoephedrine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; and iii) the time release component comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) 10 mg of cetirizine; (b) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the cetirizine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
In yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising: a0 120 mg of fexofenadine; b) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the fexofenadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours;
with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
It is an object of the present invention to simplify the combined use of antihistamine and nasal decongestant medications for a user for the purpose of enhancing the convenience of utilizing these medications, reducing error in taking these medications, and reducing the side effects of these medications. Another object is to formulate antihistamines and decongestants together for the treatment of rhinitis so as to avoid stimulation at night. Yet another object is to provide a formulation for a user which incorporates antihistamines and decongestants together as a single dosage unit for the treatment of rhinitis in a manner so as not to cause stimulation at night and which can be taken once per day. A further object is to provide a user with a single dosage unit that provides an operational combination of decongestant and antihistamine during the day and antihistamine without decongestant at night.
The single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis is expertly formulated with a combination of medications, including a nasal decongestant, antihistamine, and optionally, other medications, such as an analgesic. The dosage unit is for oral ingestion. The dosage unit preferably contains a non-sedating antihistamine, such as loratidine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine. Examples of decongestants include pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine.
lo Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in light of the following detailed description of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The single dosage unit of the present invention for treating the symptoms of rhinitis contains a combination of medications that include nasal decongestants and antihistamines. The dosage unit s may be in the form of tablets, pills, capsules, caplets, or other recognized oral form of medication. The dosage unit may be formulated to contain sedating or, preferably, non-sedating antihistamine.
The components are formulated so as to produce the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic characteristics desired. The devising of such formulations requires pharmaceutical expertise and requires understanding of the actions, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of antihistamines, decongestants, components which affect the bioavailability of the medications, and other formulated components.
The terms "day" and "night" used herein are intended to be synonymous with the period of wakefulness, when stimulation might be acceptable, and the period of sleeping, when stimulation would be undesired, respectively. Such times vary in accordance with the schedule of individuals.
Examples of the preferred single dosage units of the present invention include:
Example 1. A single dosage unit consisting of 120 mg pseudoephedrine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-12 hour time, and 10 mg loratidine, a non-sedating antihistamine, formulated so as to be released immediately. When taken at the start of the day (a time anticipating a desire to be awake for 12 to 16 hours), this dosage unit provides immediate dosing with loratidine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect 1 to hours after dosing, reach a maximum at 8 to 12 hours, and last in excess of 24 hours.
This dosage unit preferably provides immediate and delayed action of pseudoephedrine so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when the stimulation of pseudoephedrine is best tolerated, but not at night. Once released, pseudoephedrine has a 4 to 6 hour half-life, considerably shorter than that of loratidine. The comparatively short decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine may be prolonged by release over time so as to achieve efficacy through the waking hours, but not during the time when stimulation is undesired. One such time-release method involves the additional formulation of cellulose ether base materials such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to bond to the therapeutic agent and delay its bioavailability. Such time-release methods may be utilized to delay the bioavailability of all or only a portion of the ingested dose, and for varying lengths of time.
The antihistamine and decongestant components of this formulation are similar to that of CLARITIN-D 24-HOUR Extended-Release Tablets which contains 10 mg loratidine (antihistamine) and 240 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (decongestant), and which is recommended to be taken every 24 hours in adults. The present invention formulation differs, however, in that it contains a lesser dose of pseudoephedrine, and that it limits the duration of action of pseudoephedrine to the daytime hours, thus avoiding the stimulation of pseudoephedrine at night.
Example 2. A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant, prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 10 mg cetirizine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be released immediately. When taken at the start of the day, this formulation provides immediate dosing with cetirizine, which is known to exert an antihistaminic effect within one hour after dosing and to persist for at least 22 hours. This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not to exceed 16 hours after administration so as to exert effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but exerts no effect at night. Like pseudoephedrine, the comparatively short half-life and decongestant effect of phenylpropanolamine, is prolonged in this formulation by incorporating a prolonged release of phenylpropanolamine over time so as to achieve efficacy through the waking hours, but not so long as to provide phenylpropanolamine activity during the time when stimulation is undesired.
Example 3. A single dosage unit consisting of 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, a stimulating decongestant prepared so as to be released over a 10-hour time period, and 120 mg of fexofenadine, a non-sedating antihistamine, prepared so as to be active over a 24-hour period.
Fexofenadine, when given alone, exhibits antihistaminic effect within one hour, achieves a maximum effect at 12 hours, and still has a visible effect at 24 hours. This formulation preferably provides immediate and delayed activity of fexofenadine over a 24-hour span. This formulation also preferably provides immediate and delayed action of phenylpropanolamine over a period not in excess of 16 hours after administration so as to exert an effect during daytime hours, when stimulation is best tolerated, but not so long as to provide an effect during the time when stimulation is undesired, as at night.
In addition to antihistamines and decongestants, additional therapeutic ingredients for the treatment of rhinitis may be formulated if desired. For example, analgesics such as salicylates and acetaminophen may be considered for inclusion in such dosage units and are within the scope of this invention.
These examples do not constitute an exhaustive list of potential combinations, and variations and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art. Those of skill in the art may also recognize modifications to these presently disclosed embodiments. One such modification might involve a time-release of decongestant over periods other than those exemplified, but not so as to allow stimulation at night. These variations and modifications are meant to be covered by the scope of the present claims.
Thus it has been shown and described antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis that satisfies the objects set forth above.
Since certain changes may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter described in the foregoing specification be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense
Claims (16)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) an antihistamine;
(b) a decongestant; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the decongestant wherein: i) the antihistamine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the decongestant has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours, with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
(a) an antihistamine;
(b) a decongestant; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the decongestant wherein: i) the antihistamine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours; and ii) the decongestant has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours, with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
2. The dosage unit of claim 1, wherein the time release component comprises cellulose ether base material.
3. The dosage unit of claim 2, wherein the time release component comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
4. The dosage unit of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an analgesic.
5. The dosage unit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antihistamine is a non-sedating antihistamine.
6. The dosage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the stimulatory activity of the decongestant is from about 10 hours to about 16 hours.
7. The oral dosage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the decongestant is pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine..
8. The oral dosage unit according to claim 7 wherein the pseudoephedrine is present in an amount of 30 to 120 mg.
9. The oral dosage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said formulation of said antihistamine is loratadine, cetirizine or fexofenadine..
10. The oral dosage unit according to claim 9 wherein loratadine is present in an amount of 10 mg to 40 mg.
11. The oral dosage unit according to claim 9 wherein cetirizine is present in an amount of 10 mg.
12. The oral dosage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antihistamine is fexofenadine.
13. The oral dosage unit according to claim 12 wherein fexofenadine is present in an amount of 120 mg.
14. A once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(a) 10 mg of loratadine;
(b) 120 mg of pseudoephedrine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the pseudoephedrine over a period of 10 to 12 hours, wherein: i) the loratadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours;
ii) the pseudoephedrine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; and iii) the time release component comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
(a) 10 mg of loratadine;
(b) 120 mg of pseudoephedrine; and (c) a time release component that allows for extended release of the pseudoephedrine over a period of 10 to 12 hours, wherein: i) the loratadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours;
ii) the pseudoephedrine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; and iii) the time release component comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
15. A once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(d) 10 mg of cetirizine;
(e) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (0 a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the cetirizine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours;
and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
(d) 10 mg of cetirizine;
(e) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (0 a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the cetirizine has antihistamine activity of more than the first 22 hours;
and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
16. A once-per-day oral dosage unit for treatment of rhinitis over a 24-hour period, said oral dosage unit comprising:
(g) 120 mg of fexofenadine;
(h) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (i) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the fexofenadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
(g) 120 mg of fexofenadine;
(h) 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine; and (i) a time release component that allows for extended release of the phenylpropanolamine over a period of 10 hours, wherein: i) the fexofenadine has antihistamine activity of more than the first hours; and ii) the phenylpropanolamine has stimulatory activity for less than the first 16 hours; with the proviso that the oral dosage unit excludes ibuprofen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2000/010328 WO2001078782A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis |
Publications (2)
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|---|---|
| CA2405238A1 CA2405238A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| CA2405238C true CA2405238C (en) | 2014-03-18 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA2405238A Expired - Lifetime CA2405238C (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Single-dose antihistamine/decongestant formulations for treating rhinitis |
Country Status (5)
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| EP (1) | EP1276502A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5592042B2 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2000242484B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2405238C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001078782A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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| PE20020055A1 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2002-02-12 | Schering Corp | STABLE LIQUID AND SOLID FORMULATIONS INCLUDING A NON-SEDATING ANTIHISTAMINE AND A NASAL DECONGESTANT |
| JP2004026810A (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2004-01-29 | Rohto Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Composition for rhinitis |
| JP4320217B2 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2009-08-26 | 剤盛堂薬品株式会社 | Oral preparation for rhinitis |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4990535A (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1991-02-05 | Schering Corporation | Pharmaceutical composition comprising loratadine, ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine |
| US5314697A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-24 | Schering Corporation | Stable extended release oral dosage composition comprising loratadine and pseudoephedrine |
| TR199901003T2 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-07-21 | Schering Corporation | Composition containing loratadine and a decongestant for the treatment of asthma. |
| EP0903151A1 (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-03-24 | ASTA Medica Aktiengesellschaft | Use of combinations comprising non-sedating antihistamines and alpha-adrenergic drugs for the topical treatment of rhinitis/conjunctivitis and cold, cold-like and/or flu symptoms |
| US6132758A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-10-17 | Schering Corporation | Stabilized antihistamine syrup |
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2000
- 2000-04-14 JP JP2001576081A patent/JP5592042B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-14 CA CA2405238A patent/CA2405238C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 WO PCT/US2000/010328 patent/WO2001078782A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00922278A patent/EP1276502A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 AU AU2000242484A patent/AU2000242484B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 AU AU4248400A patent/AU4248400A/en active Pending
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|---|---|
| JP2003532642A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
| AU2000242484B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| JP5592042B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
| EP1276502A1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
| CA2405238A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| WO2001078782A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| AU4248400A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
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