EP1228519B1 - Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique - Google Patents

Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1228519B1
EP1228519B1 EP00971407A EP00971407A EP1228519B1 EP 1228519 B1 EP1228519 B1 EP 1228519B1 EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 1228519 B1 EP1228519 B1 EP 1228519B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
switching element
switching device
safety
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00971407A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1228519A1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Dickhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pilz GmbH and Co KG
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Pilz GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Pilz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Pilz GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1228519A1 publication Critical patent/EP1228519A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1228519B1 publication Critical patent/EP1228519B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer on and off, especially an electrically driven machine, with a first and a second electromechanical switching element, their working contacts in series with each other between one first input terminal and an output terminal of the switching device are arranged, and with a second input terminal for a switching signal based on the switching position of the normally open contacts of the two switching elements acts.
  • Such a safety switching device is from DE 197 36 183 C1 or known from DE 29 20 188 B1.
  • Generic safety switching devices are mainly used in industrial Area used to electrically powered machines, such as a press or a milling tool, in and turn off safely. They serve especially in connection with a mechanically operated emergency stop button to switch the Switch off the machine quickly and safely in an emergency situation. For this, the power supply to be switched off Machine via the working contacts of the two electromechanical mentioned Switching elements led. As soon as even one of the two switching elements opens its work contacts, the Power supply to the machine interrupted.
  • a known problem with the switching elements used is that the opening and closing of a live contact can result in sparking. Depending on The size of the current that is conducted through the contact is the Spark formation less or more pronounced. At very high Currents form an arc between the work contacts, which can result due to its high temperature that the working contacts weld together. This can do that cause the working contacts to stick together, so that the switching element can no longer be opened. With Measures are therefore increasing strength of the current to be switched required for arc quenching. The effort for such measures increase with increasing strength of the to be switched Current, so that switching elements for high and very high Currents are correspondingly expensive.
  • the nominal switching capacity indicates which is the largest Current a switching element at a certain voltage and can switch a certain power factor cos Being without To take damage.
  • the load class defines the properties the load to be switched, e.g. whether it is a purely ohmic Load (load class AC 1) or a more inductive load (Load class AC 3). The latter is sparking particularly pronounced.
  • a circuit arrangement is known from DE 29 20 188 B1 mentioned at the beginning known with which monitors the contacts of a contactor can be.
  • the Contactor is also a circuit breaker in the power supply arranged to the engine.
  • DE 29 20 188 B1 mentions with regard on the monitoring of the contactor also the problem that can weld or glue the contacts. Information about the dimensioning or the properties of the contactor and the motor protection switch are in DE 29 20 188 B1, however not included.
  • This object is achieved in that in the aforementioned Safety switching device the first switching element a lesser Has rated switching capacity as the second switching element and that the safety switching device has a timer, which the switching signal is delayed so that it is on the normally open contacts of the first switching element when the consumer is switched on earlier and when the consumer is switched off acts later than on the work contacts of the second Switching element.
  • the safety switching device includes that two switching elements arranged in series to each other different Have nominal switching capacity. At least this is true in relation to the same load class. This measure has the Advantage that the switching elements used are different strong relative loads related to their nominal switching capacity are exposed. This ensures that the wear of the two switching elements is different. Furthermore decreases the likelihood of both switching elements can fail at the same time. As a result, one becomes special here high security reserve against an uncontrolled and dangerous welding of the working contacts reached.
  • the measure has the advantage that the cost no longer disproportionately for a switching device for higher currents climb.
  • a safety relay of the type mentioned at the outset it is possible to use a safety relay of the type mentioned at the outset to dimension it for switching high and very high Stream is suitable.
  • the new safety switching device also has the advantage that the first switching element is not under in normal working conditions Load is switched. As a result, no spark or Form an arc between his work contacts, so that the Wear of the first switching element is considerably reduced and welding is also excluded.
  • the first switching element thus has despite its relatively lower nominal switching capacity a long lifespan while at the same time Total safety switching device for switching high currents can be dimensioned. Should be due to welding of the working contacts the second, always switched under load Switching element fail, it is sufficient that the previously "protected" first switching element under a successful switching operation Can run load with his work contacts open become.
  • this configuration has the advantage that the first switching element with regard to its nominal switching capacity may even be designed lower can, as with comparable switching devices. The reason for this is that the first switching element is essentially only a successful one Switching must be able to perform under load. If his work contacts are damaged, this is irrelevant, because the safety relay due to the defect of the second switching element must be replaced anyway.
  • the first, very inexpensive switching element thus acts as a kind of fuse that can be damaged when activated.
  • the safety switching device of this embodiment is straight very inexpensive for switching high and very high currents, because only one switching element with the very required high rated switching capacity is required.
  • At least the first and the second switching element from a common, tightly enclosed housing from which the first input terminal and the output terminal are led out.
  • the tightly closed housing is a compact one Housing that surrounds the two switching elements in such a way that the user has no access to it. This will Damage in the safety-relevant working group of the safety switching device avoided. The reliability and Safety of the switchgear against errors during installation and also against manipulation is so considerable elevated.
  • the advantage of the measure mentioned is particularly clear compared to the previously practiced solutions where for switching very high currents in addition to the known ones Safety relays to be installed individually Sagittarius were used. In contrast, the measure mentioned one, compact and easy to install Component ready.
  • This measure also has the advantage that the security and Reliability of the switching device is increased because it is faulty Wiring can be avoided during manufacture. In addition, due to this measure, the compactness and modular usability of the safety switching device improved.
  • the first and the second switching element each have at least one auxiliary contact on that with the respective working contact mechanically is forced.
  • Forced operation means that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts indispensable coupled with the switch position of the working contacts is, so that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts always a reliable determination of the switching position of the working contacts enables without entering the working circuit of the switching elements intervene. Only with the help of such positive guidance it is possible to make a reliable statement about the switch position to gain the make contacts of the two switching elements. Because of the above measure, the security of the Switching device increased again because a safe shutdown of the Power supply based on the position of the auxiliary contacts on simple Way can be checked.
  • the first is Switching element a relay.
  • relay refers to the usual technical terminology accordingly on an electromechanical switching element, suitable for switching low to medium currents is.
  • a relay has a make contact only one contact pair.
  • the measure owns the advantage that such relays are inexpensive as standard components are available, so the cost of using them of the safety switching device are reduced overall. This applies especially in combination with the one already described Design in which the first switching element in the manner of a Fuse is used.
  • the second is Switching element a contactor.
  • part 103 is a Contactor, strictly speaking, a switching element with only one rest position, that is not operated by hand and that under normal Circuit conditions including operational Overload currents can switch on, carry and switch off.
  • Practically contactors differ from simple relays in particular in that the current path in the working group is at least two separate working contact pairs is performed so that a contactor has inherent redundancy regarding the Has working contacts. In contrast, a simple relay has only one contact pair in the working group. Add to that in the contactor integrated measures to extinguish sparks and arcs.
  • the measure has the advantage that a contactor due to its Very robust design even with high switching frequency has. Accordingly, especially in Combination with the first-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the lifespan of the safety switching device is considerable.
  • the measure has the advantage that the Working circuit of the safety switching device only in the active State is closed because a contactor is lost when the switching signal is lost automatically falls back into its open rest position. As a result, safety is involved when using a contactor of the switching device increased again.
  • the safety switching device as a contact amplifier for connection to a previous one Switchgear trained.
  • the safety switching device As an alternative to this measure, it is possible to use the safety switching device to be interpreted as a fully functional unit.
  • the measure mentioned has the advantage that the safety switching device as a modular switching device only wherever high and very high currents are actually required have to be switched.
  • numerous custom developed switchgear for low and medium currents are therefore easy and inexpensive to switch of high and very high currents.
  • This can the safety switching device of this embodiment according to the invention can be manufactured in significantly larger numbers, whereby the costs are reduced overall again.
  • a safety switching device is as safe contact amplifier in its entirety with the reference number Designated 10.
  • the switching device 10 is in a compact, tightly closed housing 12 installed, from which several input terminals and output terminals are brought out. Of the switching device 10 are in Fig. 1 only the components essential to the invention shown schematically. Other components known per se of generic switching devices, such as ready indicators, are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the switching device 10 has a first switching element 14 and a second switching element 16, the normally open contacts 18 and 20 are arranged in series with each other.
  • each of the two switching elements 14, 16 three sets of working contacts 18 or 20, each of which is positively driven are.
  • Each of the two switching elements 14, 16 is therefore in able to switch three phases of a power supply 22.
  • each of the two switching elements 14, 16 an auxiliary contact 24, 26, which is also connected to the respective working contacts 18 or 20 is positively driven.
  • the auxiliary contacts 24, 26 of the two switching elements 14, 16 are also in series interconnected. With the help of a current flowing over the Auxiliary contacts 24, 26 is guided (not shown), it is therefore possible, the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20th the switching elements 14, 16 to check without directly in the working group the switching elements 14, 16 to intervene.
  • the two switching elements 14, 16 are fixed on a common one Component carrier 28 arranged within the housing 12.
  • the first switching element 14 is a relay, the normally open contacts 18 each have only one contact pair. It owns a rated switching capacity of 8 A for load class AC 3 second switching element 16 is a contactor, the nominal switching capacity in relation to the load class AC 3 is 16 A.
  • the normally open contacts 18, 20 of the two switching elements 14, 16 each form a current path, the first input terminals 30 of the switching device 10 connects to output terminals 32.
  • To the Input terminals 30 are used when installing the switching device 10 the individual phases of the power supply 22 connected.
  • the output terminals 32 in contrast, with the electrical Connected consumer, using the switching device 10 should be switched on and off.
  • An example is as electrical consumer, a motor 34 is shown here.
  • the switching device 10 also has an input circuit, which has a timer 36.
  • the timer 36 is a second input terminal 38 and an output terminal 40 with a Activated switching signal, which is explained in the following Acts on the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20.
  • the timer 36 delays the switching sequence of the normally open contacts 18, 20 in the manner shown in Fig. 2.
  • the timer has 36 first a diode arranged in the forward direction 42, the cathode of which is connected in series from a resistor 44 and a zener diode 46 arranged in the reverse direction connected is.
  • the anode of zener diode 46 is with an input terminal the control circuit of the second switching element 16 connected.
  • a diode 48 is arranged in the reverse direction.
  • the output connection the control circuit of the second switching element 16 is with connected to the collector of a transistor 50 whose emitter too the output terminal 40 is guided.
  • the base of transistor 50 is through a resistor 52 to the anode of zener diode 46 or with the input connection of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.
  • a diode 54 is located in parallel with the resistor 44 Cathode is connected to the cathode of the diode 42.
  • the anode the diode 54 leads to the cathode of the zener diode 46.
  • Des Another is the anode of the diode 54 via a capacitor 56 connected to the output terminal 40.
  • the diodes 42 and 54 with the input connection are on the cathode side the control circuit of the first switching element 14 connected.
  • the control circuit of the first switching element is on the output side 14 led to the output terminal 40.
  • Parallel to the first Switching element 14 is in the reverse direction Diode 58.
  • input terminal 38 is still there directly with the input side of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.
  • the switching device 10 of this exemplary embodiment serves as a contact amplifier, the via the second input terminal 38 and the Output terminal 40 to a previous one, not shown here Switching device can be connected.
  • This embodiment is chosen for the sake of simplicity, since a contact amplifier Comparatively simple and clear in terms of circuitry is constructed. However, the invention can equally also used for a complete safety relay to which only an emergency stop button is connected for operation must become.
  • the Transistor 50 becomes conductive, so that now a current through the Control circuit of the second switching element 16 can flow.
  • the second switching element 16 is also activated, i.e. the make contacts 20 are closed and the auxiliary contact 26 opens. In this state, the current paths are between closed the first input terminals 30 and the output terminals 32, so that the motor 34 is powered.
  • the diodes 48 and 58 which are parallel to the two switching elements 14, 16 are arranged, serve in a manner known per se for additional spark extinguishing.
  • the timer 36 ensures that the working contacts 18 of the first switching element 14 when the power supply is switched on of the motor 34 are always closed earlier than that Normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16. Vice versa the normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16 always open earlier than that when the motor 34 is switched off Normally open contacts 18 of the first switching element.
  • switching on in the sense of the present invention denotes a voltage rise from an amount below the dropout voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 to an amount above the pull-in voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 within a time that is small compared to T. 1 is.
  • switching off denotes a voltage drop from above the withstand voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 to a value below the dropout voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 within a period that is small compared to the time T 2 .
  • the switching signals according to FIG. 2 will have no infinitely steep rising or falling edges.
  • the safety switching device 10 is a fully functional Stand-alone device, in addition to the previous one described components has its own power supply.
  • the switching device generates with the help of the voltage supply this embodiment, a voltage signal with the Help checked the switch position of a passive emergency stop button can be.
  • Switching signal are then corresponding to a timer 36 Circuit the make contacts of the two switching elements 14, 16 controlled.

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  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Commutateur de sécurité servant à la mise sous tension et à la mise hors tension de sécurité d'un récepteur électrique (34), en particulier d'une machine à commande électrique, avec un premier (14) et un second (16) élément de commutation électromécanique, dont les contacts de travail (18, 20) sont disposés en série les uns par rapport aux autres entre une première borne d'entrée (30) et une borne de sortie (32) du commutateur (10), et avec une seconde borne d'entrée (38) pour un signal de commutation (Us), qui agit sur la position de commutation des contacts de travail (18, 20) des deux éléments de commutation (14, 16), caractérisé en ce que le premier élément de commutation (14) comporte une puissance de coupure nominale plus réduite que celle du second élément de commutation (16) et en ce que le commutateur de sécurité (10) comporte, en outre, un organe de temporisation (36), qui temporise le signal de commutation (Us) de telle sorte qu'il agit temporairement plus tôt sur les contacts de travail (18) du premier élément de commutation (14) lors de la mise sous tension du récepteur électrique (34) et temporairement plus tard lors de la mise hors tension du récepteur électrique (34) que sur les contacts de travail (20) du second élément de commutation (16).
  2. Commutateur de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le premier (14) et le second (16) élément de commutation sont entourés par un boítier commun, solidement fermé (12), à l'extérieur duquel la première borne (30) et la seconde borne (32) sont menées.
  3. Commutateur de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier (14) et le second (16) élément de commutation sont disposés sur un support de composants commun (28).
  4. Commutateur de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier (14) et le second (16) élément de commutation comportent respectivement au moins un contact de secours (24, 26), qui est mécaniquement soumis à un guidage forcé avec le contact de travail respectif (18, 20).
  5. Commutateur de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément de commutation (14) est un relais.
  6. Commutateur de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le second élément de commutation (16) est un contacteur électromagnétique.
  7. Commutateur de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conformé en tant qu'amplificateur de contact permettant un raccordement à un commutateur placé en avant.
EP00971407A 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1228519B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19954460 1999-11-12
DE19954460A DE19954460C2 (de) 1999-11-12 1999-11-12 Sicherheitsschaltgerät zum Ein- und sicheren Ausschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, insbesondere einer elektrisch angetriebenen Maschine
PCT/EP2000/010788 WO2001037302A1 (fr) 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1228519A1 EP1228519A1 (fr) 2002-08-07
EP1228519B1 true EP1228519B1 (fr) 2004-05-26

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EP00971407A Expired - Lifetime EP1228519B1 (fr) 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6570272B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1228519B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4490616B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE268053T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1027401A (fr)
DE (1) DE19954460C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001037302A1 (fr)

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CN104272420A (zh) * 2012-04-05 2015-01-07 皮尔茨公司 具有位于辅助触点电流路径中的开关元件的安全开关设备
CN104272420B (zh) * 2012-04-05 2017-04-12 皮尔茨公司 具有位于辅助触点电流路径中的开关元件的安全开关设备
DE102021124133A1 (de) 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 Hiwin Technologies Corp. Relaissicherheitssystem und roboterarmsteuerung
US11688573B2 (en) 2021-09-22 2023-06-27 Hiwin Technologies Corp. Relay safety system and robotic arm controller

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JP4490616B2 (ja) 2010-06-30
ATE268053T1 (de) 2004-06-15
EP1228519A1 (fr) 2002-08-07
WO2001037302A1 (fr) 2001-05-25
US6570272B2 (en) 2003-05-27
JP2003514361A (ja) 2003-04-15
DE19954460C2 (de) 2002-02-28
US20020130557A1 (en) 2002-09-19
AU1027401A (en) 2001-05-30
DE19954460A1 (de) 2001-09-20

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