EP1228519B1 - Safety switch device for switching on and safely switching off an electrical user, in particular an electrically driven machine - Google Patents

Safety switch device for switching on and safely switching off an electrical user, in particular an electrically driven machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1228519B1
EP1228519B1 EP00971407A EP00971407A EP1228519B1 EP 1228519 B1 EP1228519 B1 EP 1228519B1 EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 1228519 B1 EP1228519 B1 EP 1228519B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
switching element
switching device
safety
contacts
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00971407A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1228519A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dickhoff
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Pilz GmbH and Co KG
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Pilz GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer on and off, especially an electrically driven machine, with a first and a second electromechanical switching element, their working contacts in series with each other between one first input terminal and an output terminal of the switching device are arranged, and with a second input terminal for a switching signal based on the switching position of the normally open contacts of the two switching elements acts.
  • Such a safety switching device is from DE 197 36 183 C1 or known from DE 29 20 188 B1.
  • Generic safety switching devices are mainly used in industrial Area used to electrically powered machines, such as a press or a milling tool, in and turn off safely. They serve especially in connection with a mechanically operated emergency stop button to switch the Switch off the machine quickly and safely in an emergency situation. For this, the power supply to be switched off Machine via the working contacts of the two electromechanical mentioned Switching elements led. As soon as even one of the two switching elements opens its work contacts, the Power supply to the machine interrupted.
  • a known problem with the switching elements used is that the opening and closing of a live contact can result in sparking. Depending on The size of the current that is conducted through the contact is the Spark formation less or more pronounced. At very high Currents form an arc between the work contacts, which can result due to its high temperature that the working contacts weld together. This can do that cause the working contacts to stick together, so that the switching element can no longer be opened. With Measures are therefore increasing strength of the current to be switched required for arc quenching. The effort for such measures increase with increasing strength of the to be switched Current, so that switching elements for high and very high Currents are correspondingly expensive.
  • the nominal switching capacity indicates which is the largest Current a switching element at a certain voltage and can switch a certain power factor cos Being without To take damage.
  • the load class defines the properties the load to be switched, e.g. whether it is a purely ohmic Load (load class AC 1) or a more inductive load (Load class AC 3). The latter is sparking particularly pronounced.
  • a circuit arrangement is known from DE 29 20 188 B1 mentioned at the beginning known with which monitors the contacts of a contactor can be.
  • the Contactor is also a circuit breaker in the power supply arranged to the engine.
  • DE 29 20 188 B1 mentions with regard on the monitoring of the contactor also the problem that can weld or glue the contacts. Information about the dimensioning or the properties of the contactor and the motor protection switch are in DE 29 20 188 B1, however not included.
  • This object is achieved in that in the aforementioned Safety switching device the first switching element a lesser Has rated switching capacity as the second switching element and that the safety switching device has a timer, which the switching signal is delayed so that it is on the normally open contacts of the first switching element when the consumer is switched on earlier and when the consumer is switched off acts later than on the work contacts of the second Switching element.
  • the safety switching device includes that two switching elements arranged in series to each other different Have nominal switching capacity. At least this is true in relation to the same load class. This measure has the Advantage that the switching elements used are different strong relative loads related to their nominal switching capacity are exposed. This ensures that the wear of the two switching elements is different. Furthermore decreases the likelihood of both switching elements can fail at the same time. As a result, one becomes special here high security reserve against an uncontrolled and dangerous welding of the working contacts reached.
  • the measure has the advantage that the cost no longer disproportionately for a switching device for higher currents climb.
  • a safety relay of the type mentioned at the outset it is possible to use a safety relay of the type mentioned at the outset to dimension it for switching high and very high Stream is suitable.
  • the new safety switching device also has the advantage that the first switching element is not under in normal working conditions Load is switched. As a result, no spark or Form an arc between his work contacts, so that the Wear of the first switching element is considerably reduced and welding is also excluded.
  • the first switching element thus has despite its relatively lower nominal switching capacity a long lifespan while at the same time Total safety switching device for switching high currents can be dimensioned. Should be due to welding of the working contacts the second, always switched under load Switching element fail, it is sufficient that the previously "protected" first switching element under a successful switching operation Can run load with his work contacts open become.
  • this configuration has the advantage that the first switching element with regard to its nominal switching capacity may even be designed lower can, as with comparable switching devices. The reason for this is that the first switching element is essentially only a successful one Switching must be able to perform under load. If his work contacts are damaged, this is irrelevant, because the safety relay due to the defect of the second switching element must be replaced anyway.
  • the first, very inexpensive switching element thus acts as a kind of fuse that can be damaged when activated.
  • the safety switching device of this embodiment is straight very inexpensive for switching high and very high currents, because only one switching element with the very required high rated switching capacity is required.
  • At least the first and the second switching element from a common, tightly enclosed housing from which the first input terminal and the output terminal are led out.
  • the tightly closed housing is a compact one Housing that surrounds the two switching elements in such a way that the user has no access to it. This will Damage in the safety-relevant working group of the safety switching device avoided. The reliability and Safety of the switchgear against errors during installation and also against manipulation is so considerable elevated.
  • the advantage of the measure mentioned is particularly clear compared to the previously practiced solutions where for switching very high currents in addition to the known ones Safety relays to be installed individually Sagittarius were used. In contrast, the measure mentioned one, compact and easy to install Component ready.
  • This measure also has the advantage that the security and Reliability of the switching device is increased because it is faulty Wiring can be avoided during manufacture. In addition, due to this measure, the compactness and modular usability of the safety switching device improved.
  • the first and the second switching element each have at least one auxiliary contact on that with the respective working contact mechanically is forced.
  • Forced operation means that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts indispensable coupled with the switch position of the working contacts is, so that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts always a reliable determination of the switching position of the working contacts enables without entering the working circuit of the switching elements intervene. Only with the help of such positive guidance it is possible to make a reliable statement about the switch position to gain the make contacts of the two switching elements. Because of the above measure, the security of the Switching device increased again because a safe shutdown of the Power supply based on the position of the auxiliary contacts on simple Way can be checked.
  • the first is Switching element a relay.
  • relay refers to the usual technical terminology accordingly on an electromechanical switching element, suitable for switching low to medium currents is.
  • a relay has a make contact only one contact pair.
  • the measure owns the advantage that such relays are inexpensive as standard components are available, so the cost of using them of the safety switching device are reduced overall. This applies especially in combination with the one already described Design in which the first switching element in the manner of a Fuse is used.
  • the second is Switching element a contactor.
  • part 103 is a Contactor, strictly speaking, a switching element with only one rest position, that is not operated by hand and that under normal Circuit conditions including operational Overload currents can switch on, carry and switch off.
  • Practically contactors differ from simple relays in particular in that the current path in the working group is at least two separate working contact pairs is performed so that a contactor has inherent redundancy regarding the Has working contacts. In contrast, a simple relay has only one contact pair in the working group. Add to that in the contactor integrated measures to extinguish sparks and arcs.
  • the measure has the advantage that a contactor due to its Very robust design even with high switching frequency has. Accordingly, especially in Combination with the first-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the lifespan of the safety switching device is considerable.
  • the measure has the advantage that the Working circuit of the safety switching device only in the active State is closed because a contactor is lost when the switching signal is lost automatically falls back into its open rest position. As a result, safety is involved when using a contactor of the switching device increased again.
  • the safety switching device as a contact amplifier for connection to a previous one Switchgear trained.
  • the safety switching device As an alternative to this measure, it is possible to use the safety switching device to be interpreted as a fully functional unit.
  • the measure mentioned has the advantage that the safety switching device as a modular switching device only wherever high and very high currents are actually required have to be switched.
  • numerous custom developed switchgear for low and medium currents are therefore easy and inexpensive to switch of high and very high currents.
  • This can the safety switching device of this embodiment according to the invention can be manufactured in significantly larger numbers, whereby the costs are reduced overall again.
  • a safety switching device is as safe contact amplifier in its entirety with the reference number Designated 10.
  • the switching device 10 is in a compact, tightly closed housing 12 installed, from which several input terminals and output terminals are brought out. Of the switching device 10 are in Fig. 1 only the components essential to the invention shown schematically. Other components known per se of generic switching devices, such as ready indicators, are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the switching device 10 has a first switching element 14 and a second switching element 16, the normally open contacts 18 and 20 are arranged in series with each other.
  • each of the two switching elements 14, 16 three sets of working contacts 18 or 20, each of which is positively driven are.
  • Each of the two switching elements 14, 16 is therefore in able to switch three phases of a power supply 22.
  • each of the two switching elements 14, 16 an auxiliary contact 24, 26, which is also connected to the respective working contacts 18 or 20 is positively driven.
  • the auxiliary contacts 24, 26 of the two switching elements 14, 16 are also in series interconnected. With the help of a current flowing over the Auxiliary contacts 24, 26 is guided (not shown), it is therefore possible, the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20th the switching elements 14, 16 to check without directly in the working group the switching elements 14, 16 to intervene.
  • the two switching elements 14, 16 are fixed on a common one Component carrier 28 arranged within the housing 12.
  • the first switching element 14 is a relay, the normally open contacts 18 each have only one contact pair. It owns a rated switching capacity of 8 A for load class AC 3 second switching element 16 is a contactor, the nominal switching capacity in relation to the load class AC 3 is 16 A.
  • the normally open contacts 18, 20 of the two switching elements 14, 16 each form a current path, the first input terminals 30 of the switching device 10 connects to output terminals 32.
  • To the Input terminals 30 are used when installing the switching device 10 the individual phases of the power supply 22 connected.
  • the output terminals 32 in contrast, with the electrical Connected consumer, using the switching device 10 should be switched on and off.
  • An example is as electrical consumer, a motor 34 is shown here.
  • the switching device 10 also has an input circuit, which has a timer 36.
  • the timer 36 is a second input terminal 38 and an output terminal 40 with a Activated switching signal, which is explained in the following Acts on the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20.
  • the timer 36 delays the switching sequence of the normally open contacts 18, 20 in the manner shown in Fig. 2.
  • the timer has 36 first a diode arranged in the forward direction 42, the cathode of which is connected in series from a resistor 44 and a zener diode 46 arranged in the reverse direction connected is.
  • the anode of zener diode 46 is with an input terminal the control circuit of the second switching element 16 connected.
  • a diode 48 is arranged in the reverse direction.
  • the output connection the control circuit of the second switching element 16 is with connected to the collector of a transistor 50 whose emitter too the output terminal 40 is guided.
  • the base of transistor 50 is through a resistor 52 to the anode of zener diode 46 or with the input connection of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.
  • a diode 54 is located in parallel with the resistor 44 Cathode is connected to the cathode of the diode 42.
  • the anode the diode 54 leads to the cathode of the zener diode 46.
  • Des Another is the anode of the diode 54 via a capacitor 56 connected to the output terminal 40.
  • the diodes 42 and 54 with the input connection are on the cathode side the control circuit of the first switching element 14 connected.
  • the control circuit of the first switching element is on the output side 14 led to the output terminal 40.
  • Parallel to the first Switching element 14 is in the reverse direction Diode 58.
  • input terminal 38 is still there directly with the input side of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.
  • the switching device 10 of this exemplary embodiment serves as a contact amplifier, the via the second input terminal 38 and the Output terminal 40 to a previous one, not shown here Switching device can be connected.
  • This embodiment is chosen for the sake of simplicity, since a contact amplifier Comparatively simple and clear in terms of circuitry is constructed. However, the invention can equally also used for a complete safety relay to which only an emergency stop button is connected for operation must become.
  • the Transistor 50 becomes conductive, so that now a current through the Control circuit of the second switching element 16 can flow.
  • the second switching element 16 is also activated, i.e. the make contacts 20 are closed and the auxiliary contact 26 opens. In this state, the current paths are between closed the first input terminals 30 and the output terminals 32, so that the motor 34 is powered.
  • the diodes 48 and 58 which are parallel to the two switching elements 14, 16 are arranged, serve in a manner known per se for additional spark extinguishing.
  • the timer 36 ensures that the working contacts 18 of the first switching element 14 when the power supply is switched on of the motor 34 are always closed earlier than that Normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16. Vice versa the normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16 always open earlier than that when the motor 34 is switched off Normally open contacts 18 of the first switching element.
  • switching on in the sense of the present invention denotes a voltage rise from an amount below the dropout voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 to an amount above the pull-in voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 within a time that is small compared to T. 1 is.
  • switching off denotes a voltage drop from above the withstand voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 to a value below the dropout voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 within a period that is small compared to the time T 2 .
  • the switching signals according to FIG. 2 will have no infinitely steep rising or falling edges.
  • the safety switching device 10 is a fully functional Stand-alone device, in addition to the previous one described components has its own power supply.
  • the switching device generates with the help of the voltage supply this embodiment, a voltage signal with the Help checked the switch position of a passive emergency stop button can be.
  • Switching signal are then corresponding to a timer 36 Circuit the make contacts of the two switching elements 14, 16 controlled.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a safety switching device for connecting and safely disconnecting an electrical load, in particular an electrically driven machine. The safety switching device includes first and second electromechanical switching elements whose operating contacts are arranged in series with one another between a first input terminal and an output terminal of the switching device. Furthermore, the switching device has a second input terminal for receiving a switching signal. The switching signal acts on the switch position of the operating contacts of the two switching elements. According to a preferred embodiment, the first switching element has a lower nominal switching capacity than the second switching element.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitsschaltgerät zum Ein- und sicheren Ausschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, insbesondere einer elektrisch angetriebenen Maschine, mit einem ersten und einem zweiten elektromechanischen Schaltelement, deren Arbeitskontakte in Reihe zueinander zwischen einer ersten Eingangsklemme und einer Ausgangsklemme des Schaltgerätes angeordnet sind, und mit einer zweiten Eingangsklemme für ein Schaltsignal, das auf die Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte der beiden Schaltelemente einwirkt. The present invention relates to a safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer on and off, especially an electrically driven machine, with a first and a second electromechanical switching element, their working contacts in series with each other between one first input terminal and an output terminal of the switching device are arranged, and with a second input terminal for a switching signal based on the switching position of the normally open contacts of the two switching elements acts.

Ein derartiges Sicherheitsschaltgerät ist aus der DE 197 36 183 C1 bzw. aus der DE 29 20 188 B1 bekannt.Such a safety switching device is from DE 197 36 183 C1 or known from DE 29 20 188 B1.

Gattungsgemäße Sicherheitsschaltgeräte werden vor allem im industriellen Bereich verwendet, um elektrisch angetriebene Maschinen, wie bspw. eine Presse oder ein Fräswerkzeug, ein- und sicher auszuschalten. Sie dienen insbesondere in Verbindung mit einem mechanisch betätigbaren Notaus-Taster dazu, um die Maschine in einer Notfallsituation schnell und sicher abzuschalten. Hierzu wird die Stromversorgung der abzuschaltenden Maschine über die Arbeitskontakte der beiden genannten elektromechanischen Schaltelemente geführt. Sobald auch nur eines der beiden Schaltelemente seine Arbeitskontakte öffnet, wird die Stromzuführung der Maschine unterbrochen.Generic safety switching devices are mainly used in industrial Area used to electrically powered machines, such as a press or a milling tool, in and turn off safely. They serve especially in connection with a mechanically operated emergency stop button to switch the Switch off the machine quickly and safely in an emergency situation. For this, the power supply to be switched off Machine via the working contacts of the two electromechanical mentioned Switching elements led. As soon as even one of the two switching elements opens its work contacts, the Power supply to the machine interrupted.

Ein bekanntes Problem bei den verwendeten Schaltelementen ist, daß das Öffnen und Schließen eines unter Spannung stehenden Arbeitskontaktes eine Funkenbildung zur Folge haben kann. Je nach Größe des Stromes, der über den Kontakt geführt wird, ist die Funkenbildung weniger oder stärker ausgeprägt. Bei sehr hohen Strömen bildet sich zwischen den Arbeitskontakten ein Lichtbogen, der aufgrund seiner hohen Temperatur zur Folge haben kann, daß die Arbeitskontakte miteinander verschweißen. Dies kann dazu führen, daß die Arbeitskontakte fest aneinander haften bleiben, so daß sich das Schaltelement nicht mehr öffnen läßt. Mit zunehmender Stärke des zu schaltenden Stromes sind daher Maßnahmen zur Lichtbogenlöschung erforderlich. Der Aufwand für derartige Maßnahmen steigt mit zunehmender Stärke des zu schaltenden Stromes, so daß Schaltelemente für hohe und sehr hohe Ströme entsprechend teuer sind. A known problem with the switching elements used is that the opening and closing of a live contact can result in sparking. Depending on The size of the current that is conducted through the contact is the Spark formation less or more pronounced. At very high Currents form an arc between the work contacts, which can result due to its high temperature that the working contacts weld together. This can do that cause the working contacts to stick together, so that the switching element can no longer be opened. With Measures are therefore increasing strength of the current to be switched required for arc quenching. The effort for such measures increase with increasing strength of the to be switched Current, so that switching elements for high and very high Currents are correspondingly expensive.

Bei Sicherheitsschaltgeräten der eingangs genannten Art werden mindestens zwei Schaltelemente in Reihe verwendet, um ein sicheres Abschalten der Stromversorgung auch dann zu gewährleisten, wenn die Arbeitskontakte eines Schaltelements aufgrund einer Verschweißung aneinanderhaften bleiben. Bei dem Sicherheitsschaltgerät gemäß der DE 197 36 183 C1 werden bspw. zwei Sicherheitsrelais in Reihe als Schaltelemente verwendet.In safety switching devices of the type mentioned at the beginning at least two switching elements in series are used to ensure a safe To ensure that the power supply is switched off even when the make contacts of a switching element due remain attached to one another by a weld. With the safety relay according to DE 197 36 183 C1, for example, two Safety relays used in series as switching elements.

Bisher werden dabei stets zwei Schaltelemente verwendet, die bezogen auf dieselbe Lastklasse das gleiche Nenn-Schaltvermögen besitzen. Das Nenn-Schaltvermögen gibt dabei an, welchen größten Strom ein Schaltelement bei einer bestimmten Spannung und einem bestimmten Leistungsfaktor cos ϕ schalten kann, ohne Schaden zu nehmen. Die Lastklasse definiert die Eigenschaften der zu schaltenden Last, bspw. ob es sich um eine rein ohmsche Last (Lastklasse AC 1) oder um eine eher induktive Last (Lastklasse AC 3) handelt. Bei Letzterer ist eine Funkenbildung besonders stark ausgeprägt.So far, two switching elements have always been used the same rated switching capacity for the same load class have. The nominal switching capacity indicates which is the largest Current a switching element at a certain voltage and can switch a certain power factor cos ohne without To take damage. The load class defines the properties the load to be switched, e.g. whether it is a purely ohmic Load (load class AC 1) or a more inductive load (Load class AC 3). The latter is sparking particularly pronounced.

Die Verwendung zweier Schaltelemente mit gleichem Nenn-Schaltvermögen besitzt den Nachteil, daß beide Schaltelemente denselben relativen Belastungen bezogen auf ihre jeweilige Leistungsfähigkeit ausgesetzt sind. Dies hat zur Folge, daß beide Schaltelemente dem gleichen relativen Verschleiß unterliegen und es birgt somit auch die Gefahr, daß beide Schaltelemente zeitgleich ausfallen können, bspw. indem bei beiden Schaltelementen im selben Schaltvorgang die Arbeitskontakte verschweißen.The use of two switching elements with the same nominal switching capacity has the disadvantage that both switching elements the same relative loads related to their respective performance are exposed. As a result, both Switching elements are subject to the same relative wear and there is therefore also the risk that both switching elements can fail at the same time, for example by using both switching elements Weld the working contacts in the same switching process.

Des weiteren steigen bei der Verwendung zweier Schaltelemente mit gleichem Nenn-Schaltvermögen die Kosten stets mit einem Faktor zwei, wenn zum Schalten von höheren Strömen Schaltelemente mit höheren Nenn-Schaltvermögen benötigt werden.Furthermore, the use of two switching elements increases with the same nominal switching capacity, the costs always with one Factor two when switching elements for switching higher currents with higher rated switching capacity are required.

Aus der eingangs genannten DE 29 20 188 B1 ist eine Schaltungsanordnung bekannt, mit der die Kontakte eines Schützes überwacht werden können. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Stromversorgungsleitungen für einen Antriebsmotor einer Maschine über die Kontakte des Schützes geführt. Zusätzlich zu dem Schütz ist außerdem ein Schutzschalter in der Stromversorgung zu dem Motor angeordnet. Die DE 29 20 188 B1 erwähnt im Hinblick auf die Überwachung des Schützes ferner das Problem, daß die Kontakte verschweißen oder verkleben können. Angaben über die Dimensionierung oder über die Eigenschaften des Schützes und des Motorschutzschalters sind in DE 29 20 188 B1 jedoch nicht enthalten.A circuit arrangement is known from DE 29 20 188 B1 mentioned at the beginning known with which monitors the contacts of a contactor can be. In one embodiment, the Power supply lines for a drive motor of a machine over the contacts of the contactor. In addition to that Contactor is also a circuit breaker in the power supply arranged to the engine. DE 29 20 188 B1 mentions with regard on the monitoring of the contactor also the problem that can weld or glue the contacts. Information about the dimensioning or the properties of the contactor and the motor protection switch are in DE 29 20 188 B1, however not included.

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein alternatives Sicherheitsschaltgerät anzugeben, das im Hinblick auf das mögliche Verschweißen von Arbeitskontakten bei hohen Strömen eine besonders hohe Sicherheit bietet und das dabei kostengünstig ist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an alternative Safety relay to indicate that in view on the possible welding of work contacts at high Streaming offers a particularly high level of security and that at the same time is inexpensive.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß bei dem eingangs genannten Sicherheitsschaltgerät das erste Schaltelement ein geringeres Nenn-Schaltvermögen aufweist als das zweite Schaltelement und daß das Sicherheitsschaltgerät ein Zeitglied aufweist, welches das Schaltsignal derart verzögert, daß es auf die Arbeitskontakte des ersten Schaltelements beim Einschalten des Verbrauchers zeitlich früher und beim Ausschalten des Verbrauchers zeitlich später einwirkt als auf die Arbeitskontakte des zweiten Schaltelements. This object is achieved in that in the aforementioned Safety switching device the first switching element a lesser Has rated switching capacity as the second switching element and that the safety switching device has a timer, which the switching signal is delayed so that it is on the normally open contacts of the first switching element when the consumer is switched on earlier and when the consumer is switched off acts later than on the work contacts of the second Switching element.

Das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsschaltgerät beinhaltet, daß die beiden in Reihe zueinander angeordneten Schaltelemente unterschiedliche Nenn-Schaltvermögen aufweisen. Dies gilt zumindest in Bezug auf dieselbe Lastklasse. Diese Maßnahme besitzt den Vorteil, daß die verwendeten Schaltelemente unterschiedlich starken relativen Belastungen bezogen auf ihr Nenn-Schaltvermögen ausgesetzt sind. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß der Verschleiß der beiden Schaltelemente unterschiedlich ist. Des weiteren sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß beide Schaltelemente zeitgleich ausfallen können. Infolge dessen wird hier eine besonders hohe Sicherheitsreserve gegen ein unkontrolliertes und gefährliches Verschweißen der Arbeitskontakte erreicht.The safety switching device according to the invention includes that two switching elements arranged in series to each other different Have nominal switching capacity. At least this is true in relation to the same load class. This measure has the Advantage that the switching elements used are different strong relative loads related to their nominal switching capacity are exposed. This ensures that the wear of the two switching elements is different. Furthermore decreases the likelihood of both switching elements can fail at the same time. As a result, one becomes special here high security reserve against an uncontrolled and dangerous welding of the working contacts reached.

Darüber hinaus besitzt die Maßnahme den Vorteil, daß die Kosten für ein Schaltgerät für höhere Ströme nicht mehr überproportional steigen. Infolge dessen ist es möglich, ein Sicherheitsschaltgerät der eingangs genannten Art bereits von sich aus so zu dimensionieren, daß es zum Schalten von hohen und sehr hohen Strömen geeignet ist.In addition, the measure has the advantage that the cost no longer disproportionately for a switching device for higher currents climb. As a result, it is possible to use a safety relay of the type mentioned at the outset to dimension it for switching high and very high Stream is suitable.

Das neue Sicherheitsschaltgerät besitzt zudem den Vorteil, daß das erste Schaltelement im normalen Arbeitsbetrieb nicht unter Last geschaltet wird. Infolge dessen kann sich kein Funken oder Lichtbogen zwischen seinen Arbeitskontakten bilden, so daß der Verschleiß des ersten Schaltelements beträchtlich reduziert ist und auch ein Verschweißen ausgeschlossen ist. Das erste Schaltelement besitzt somit trotz seines relativ geringeren Nenn-Schaltvermögens eine hohe Lebensdauer, während gleichzeitig das Sicherheitsschaltgerät insgesamt zum Schalten von hohen Strömen dimensioniert sein kann. Sollte aufgrund eines Verschweißens der Arbeitskontakte das zweite, stets unter Last geschaltete Schaltelement versagen, genügt es, daß das bisher "geschonte" erste Schaltelement einen erfolgreichen Schaltvorgang unter Last ausführen kann, bei dem seine Arbeitskontakte geöffnet werden.The new safety switching device also has the advantage that the first switching element is not under in normal working conditions Load is switched. As a result, no spark or Form an arc between his work contacts, so that the Wear of the first switching element is considerably reduced and welding is also excluded. The first switching element thus has despite its relatively lower nominal switching capacity a long lifespan while at the same time Total safety switching device for switching high currents can be dimensioned. Should be due to welding of the working contacts the second, always switched under load Switching element fail, it is sufficient that the previously "protected" first switching element under a successful switching operation Can run load with his work contacts open become.

Auch hierdurch erhalten die beiden Schaltelemente somit unterschiedliche "Lebenserwartungen", wobei die "Alltagslast" hier auf dem stärkeren, zweiten Schaltelement liegt. Ein gleichzeitiger Ausfall der beiden Schaltelemente ist praktisch ausgeschlossen. Darüber hinaus besitzt diese Ausgestaltung den Vorteil, daß das erste Schaltelement hinsichtlich seines Nenn-Schaltvermögens unter Umständen sogar niedriger ausgelegt sein kann, als bei vergleichbaren Schaltgeräten. Grund hierfür ist, daß das erste Schaltelement im wesentlichen nur einen erfolgreichen Schaltvorgang unter Last ausführen können muß. Wenn seine Arbeitskontakte dabei beschädigt werden, ist dies unerheblich, da das Sicherheitsschaltgerät wegen des Defektes des zweiten Schaltelements sowieso ausgetauscht werden muß. Das erste, sehr kostengünstige Schaltelement fungiert hier somit als eine Art Sicherung, die beim Ansprechen beschädigt werden kann. Das Sicherheitsschaltgerät dieser Ausgestaltung ist jedoch gerade zum Schalten von hohen und sehr hohen Strömen sehr kostengünstig, da nur ein Schaltelement mit dem erforderlichen sehr hohen Nenn-Schaltvermögen benötigt wird.This also gives the two switching elements different results "Life Expectations", with the "Everyday Load" here lies on the stronger, second switching element. A simultaneous Failure of the two switching elements is practically impossible. In addition, this configuration has the advantage that the first switching element with regard to its nominal switching capacity may even be designed lower can, as with comparable switching devices. The reason for this is that the first switching element is essentially only a successful one Switching must be able to perform under load. If his work contacts are damaged, this is irrelevant, because the safety relay due to the defect of the second switching element must be replaced anyway. The first, very inexpensive switching element thus acts as a kind of fuse that can be damaged when activated. However, the safety switching device of this embodiment is straight very inexpensive for switching high and very high currents, because only one switching element with the very required high rated switching capacity is required.

Die genannte Aufgabe ist daher vollständig gelöst.The stated task is therefore completely solved.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind zumindest das erste und das zweite Schaltelement von einem gemeinsamen, fest geschlossenen Gehäuse umgeben, aus dem die erste Eingangsklemme und die Ausgangsklemme herausgeführt sind. In a further embodiment of the invention, at least the first and the second switching element from a common, tightly enclosed housing from which the first input terminal and the output terminal are led out.

Bei dem fest geschlossenen Gehäuse handelt es sich um ein kompaktes Gehäuse, das die beiden Schaltelemente derart umgibt, daß der Anwender hierauf keinen Zugriff erhält. Hierdurch werden Beschädigungen in dem sicherheitsrelevanten Arbeitskreis des Sicherheitsschaltgerätes vermieden. Die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit des Schaltgerätes gegenüber Fehlern bei der Installation und auch gegenüber Manipulationen ist so beträchtlich erhöht. Der Vorteil der genannten Maßnahme wird besonders deutlich im Vergleich zu den bisher praktizierten Lösungen, bei denen zum Schalten von sehr hohen Strömen zusätzlich zu den bekannten Sicherheitsschaltgeräten einzeln zu installierende Schütze verwendet wurden. Demgegenüber stellt die genannte Maßnahme ein einziges, kompaktes und einfach zu installierendes Bauteil bereit.The tightly closed housing is a compact one Housing that surrounds the two switching elements in such a way that the user has no access to it. This will Damage in the safety-relevant working group of the safety switching device avoided. The reliability and Safety of the switchgear against errors during installation and also against manipulation is so considerable elevated. The advantage of the measure mentioned is particularly clear compared to the previously practiced solutions where for switching very high currents in addition to the known ones Safety relays to be installed individually Sagittarius were used. In contrast, the measure mentioned one, compact and easy to install Component ready.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind das erste und das zweite Schaltelement auf einem gemeinsamen Bauteilträger angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the invention, these are the first and the second switching element on a common component carrier arranged.

Auch diese Maßnahme besitzt den Vorteil, daß die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit des Schaltgerätes erhöht ist, da fehlerhafte Verdrahtungen bereits bei der Herstellung vermieden werden. Darüber hinaus wird aufgrund dieser Maßnahme auch die Kompaktheit und modulartige Verwendbarkeit des Sicherheitsschaltgerätes verbessert.This measure also has the advantage that the security and Reliability of the switching device is increased because it is faulty Wiring can be avoided during manufacture. In addition, due to this measure, the compactness and modular usability of the safety switching device improved.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen das erste und das zweite Schaltelement jeweils zumindest einen Hilfskontakt auf, der mit dem jeweiligen Arbeitskontakt mechanisch zwangsgeführt ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and the second switching element each have at least one auxiliary contact on that with the respective working contact mechanically is forced.

Zwangsführung bedeutet, daß die Schaltstellung der Hilfskontakte unabdingbar mit der Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte verkoppelt ist, so daß die Schaltstellung der Hilfskontakte stets eine zuverlässige Bestimmung der Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte ermöglicht, ohne in den Arbeitsstromkreis der Schaltelemente einzugreifen. Erst mit Hilfe einer derartigen Zwangsführung ist es möglich, eine zuverlässige Aussage über die Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte der beiden Schaltelemente zu gewinnen. Aufgrund der genannten Maßnahme ist die Sicherheit des Schaltgerätes nochmals erhöht, da ein sicheres Abschalten der Stromversorgung anhand der Stellung der Hilfskontakte auf einfache Weise überprüft werden kann.Forced operation means that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts indispensable coupled with the switch position of the working contacts is, so that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts always a reliable determination of the switching position of the working contacts enables without entering the working circuit of the switching elements intervene. Only with the help of such positive guidance it is possible to make a reliable statement about the switch position to gain the make contacts of the two switching elements. Because of the above measure, the security of the Switching device increased again because a safe shutdown of the Power supply based on the position of the auxiliary contacts on simple Way can be checked.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das erste Schaltelement ein Relais.In a further embodiment of the invention, the first is Switching element a relay.

Der Begriff "Relais" bezieht sich hierbei der üblichen Fachterminologie entsprechend auf ein elektromechanisches Schaltelement, das zum Schalten von niedrigen bis mittleren Strömen geeignet ist. Insbesondere weist ein solches Relais als Arbeitskontakt nur ein einziges Kontaktpaar auf. Die Maßnahme besitzt den Vorteil, daß solche Relais als Standard-Bauelemente kostengünstig erhältlich sind, so daß bei ihrer Verwendung die Kosten des Sicherheitsschaltgerätes insgesamt reduziert sind. Dies gilt insbesondere in Kombination mit der bereits beschriebenen Ausgestaltung, in der das erste Schaltelement in der Art einer Sicherung verwendet wird.The term "relay" refers to the usual technical terminology accordingly on an electromechanical switching element, suitable for switching low to medium currents is. In particular, such a relay has a make contact only one contact pair. The measure owns the advantage that such relays are inexpensive as standard components are available, so the cost of using them of the safety switching device are reduced overall. This applies especially in combination with the one already described Design in which the first switching element in the manner of a Fuse is used.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das zweite Schaltelement ein Schütz.In a further embodiment of the invention, the second is Switching element a contactor.

Nach der Deutschen Industrienorm DIN 57 660, Teil 103 ist ein Schütz genaugenommen ein Schaltelement mit nur einer Ruhestellung, das nicht von Hand betätigt wird und das unter normalen Bedingungen des Stromkreises einschließlich betriebsmäßiger Überlast Ströme einschalten, führen und ausschalten kann. Praktisch unterscheiden sich Schütze von einfachen Relais vor allem dadurch, daß der Strompfad im Arbeitskreis zumindest über zwei voneinander getrennte Arbeitskontaktpaare geführt ist, so daß ein Schütz bereits von sich aus eine Redundanz bezüglich der Arbeitskontakte aufweist. Ein einfaches Relais besitzt demgegenüber im Arbeitskreis nur ein Kontaktpaar. Hinzu kommen in das Schütz integrierte Maßnahmen zur Funken- und Lichtbogenlöschung.According to the German industry standard DIN 57 660, part 103 is a Contactor, strictly speaking, a switching element with only one rest position, that is not operated by hand and that under normal Circuit conditions including operational Overload currents can switch on, carry and switch off. Practically contactors differ from simple relays in particular in that the current path in the working group is at least two separate working contact pairs is performed so that a contactor has inherent redundancy regarding the Has working contacts. In contrast, a simple relay has only one contact pair in the working group. Add to that in the contactor integrated measures to extinguish sparks and arcs.

Die Maßnahme besitzt den Vorteil, daß ein Schütz aufgrund seiner Bauart eine sehr große Robustheit auch bei hoher Schalthäufigkeit besitzt. Dementsprechend erhöht sich, insbesondere in Kombination mit der zuerst genannten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die Lebensdauer des Sicherheitsschaltgerätes beträchtlich. Darüber hinaus besitzt die Maßnahme den Vorteil, daß der Arbeitsstromkreis des Sicherheitsschaltgerätes nur im aktiven Zustand geschlossen ist, da ein Schütz bei Wegfall des Schaltsignals von selbst in seine geöffnete Ruhestellung zurückfällt. Infolge dessen ist bei der Verwendung eines Schützes die Sicherheit des Schaltgerätes nochmals erhöht.The measure has the advantage that a contactor due to its Very robust design even with high switching frequency has. Accordingly, especially in Combination with the first-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the lifespan of the safety switching device is considerable. In addition, the measure has the advantage that the Working circuit of the safety switching device only in the active State is closed because a contactor is lost when the switching signal is lost automatically falls back into its open rest position. As a result, safety is involved when using a contactor of the switching device increased again.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Sicherheitsschaltgerät als Kontaktverstärker zum Anschluß an ein vorhergehendes Schaltgerät ausgebildet.In a further embodiment of the invention, the safety switching device as a contact amplifier for connection to a previous one Switchgear trained.

Alternativ zu dieser Maßnahme ist es möglich, das Sicherheitsschaltgerät als in sich voll funktionsfähige Einheit auszulegen. Die genannte Maßnahme besitzt demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß das Sicherheitsschaltgerät als modulares Zuschaltgerät nur dort benötigt wird, wo tatsächlich hohe und sehr hohe Ströme geschaltet werden müssen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich zahlreiche kundenspezifisch entwickelte Schaltgeräte für niedrige und mittlere Ströme hierdurch einfach und kostengünstig zum Schalten von hohen und sehr hohen Strömen aufrüsten. Hierdurch kann das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsschaltgerät dieser Ausgestaltung in erheblich größerer Stückzahl gefertigt werden, wodurch sich die Kosten insgesamt nochmals reduzieren. As an alternative to this measure, it is possible to use the safety switching device to be interpreted as a fully functional unit. In contrast, the measure mentioned has the advantage that the safety switching device as a modular switching device only wherever high and very high currents are actually required have to be switched. In addition, numerous custom developed switchgear for low and medium currents are therefore easy and inexpensive to switch of high and very high currents. This can the safety switching device of this embodiment according to the invention can be manufactured in significantly larger numbers, whereby the costs are reduced overall again.

Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the above and those below Features to be explained not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used alone without the scope of the to leave the present invention.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsschaltgerätes als sicherer Kontaktverstärker und
Fig. 2
die zeitliche Schaltfolge für das erste und das zweite Schaltelement gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a safety switching device according to the invention as a safe contact amplifier and
Fig. 2
the timing sequence for the first and the second switching element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Sicherheitsschaltgerät als sicherer Kontaktverstärker in seiner Gesamtheit mit der Bezugsziffer 10 bezeichnet.In Fig. 1, a safety switching device according to the invention is as safe contact amplifier in its entirety with the reference number Designated 10.

Das Schaltgerät 10 ist in ein kompaktes, fest geschlossenes Gehäuse 12 eingebaut, aus dem mehrere Eingangsklemmen und Ausgangsklemmen herausgeführt sind. Von dem Schaltgerät 10 sind in Fig. 1 nur die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Bestandteile schematisch dargestellt. Weitere, an sich bekannte Bestandteile von gattungsgemäßen Schaltgeräten, wie bspw. Bereitschaftsanzeigen, sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht gezeigt. The switching device 10 is in a compact, tightly closed housing 12 installed, from which several input terminals and output terminals are brought out. Of the switching device 10 are in Fig. 1 only the components essential to the invention shown schematically. Other components known per se of generic switching devices, such as ready indicators, are not shown for reasons of clarity.

Das Schaltgerät 10 besitzt ein erstes Schaltelement 14 sowie ein zweites Schaltelement 16, deren Arbeitskontakte 18 bzw. 20 in Reihe zueinander angeordnet sind. Im vorliegenden Fall besitzt jedes der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 drei Sätze von Arbeitskontakten 18 bzw. 20, die jeweils miteinander zwangsgeführt sind. Jedes der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 ist daher in der Lage, drei Phasen einer Stromversorgung 22 zu schalten. Darüber hinaus besitzt jedes der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 einen Hilfskontakt 24, 26, der ebenfalls mit den jeweiligen Arbeitskontakten 18 bzw. 20 zwangsgeführt ist. Die Hilfskontakte 24, 26 der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 sind ebenfalls in Reihe zueinander verschaltet. Mit Hilfe eines Stromes, der über die Hilfskontakte 24, 26 geführt wird (nicht dargestellt), ist es daher möglich, die Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte 18, 20 der Schaltelemente 14, 16 zu überprüfen, ohne direkt in den Arbeitskreis der Schaltelemente 14, 16 einzugreifen.The switching device 10 has a first switching element 14 and a second switching element 16, the normally open contacts 18 and 20 are arranged in series with each other. In the present case each of the two switching elements 14, 16 three sets of working contacts 18 or 20, each of which is positively driven are. Each of the two switching elements 14, 16 is therefore in able to switch three phases of a power supply 22. In addition, each of the two switching elements 14, 16 an auxiliary contact 24, 26, which is also connected to the respective working contacts 18 or 20 is positively driven. The auxiliary contacts 24, 26 of the two switching elements 14, 16 are also in series interconnected. With the help of a current flowing over the Auxiliary contacts 24, 26 is guided (not shown), it is therefore possible, the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20th the switching elements 14, 16 to check without directly in the working group the switching elements 14, 16 to intervene.

Die beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 sind fest auf einem gemeinsamen Bauteilträger 28 innerhalb des Gehäuses 12 angeordnet. Das erste Schaltelement 14 ist ein Relais, dessen Arbeitskontakte 18 jeweils nur ein Kontaktpaar aufweisen. Es besitzt bezogen auf die Lastklasse AC 3 ein Nenn-Schaltvermögen von 8 A. Das zweite Schaltelement 16 ist ein Schütz, dessen Nenn-Schaltvermögen bezogen auf die Lastklasse AC 3 16 A beträgt.The two switching elements 14, 16 are fixed on a common one Component carrier 28 arranged within the housing 12. The first switching element 14 is a relay, the normally open contacts 18 each have only one contact pair. It owns a rated switching capacity of 8 A for load class AC 3 second switching element 16 is a contactor, the nominal switching capacity in relation to the load class AC 3 is 16 A.

Die Arbeitskontakte 18, 20 der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 bilden jeweils einen Strompfad, der erste Eingangsklemmen 30 des Schaltgerätes 10 mit Ausgangsklemmen 32 verbindet. An die Eingangsklemmen 30 werden bei der Installation des Schaltgerätes 10 die einzelnen Phasen der Stromversorgung 22 angeschlossen. Die Ausgangsklemmen 32 werden demgegenüber mit dem elektrischen Verbraucher verbunden, der mit Hilfe des Schaltgerätes 10 ein- und ausgeschaltet werden soll. Beispielhaft ist als elektrischer Verbraucher hier ein Motor 34 dargestellt.The normally open contacts 18, 20 of the two switching elements 14, 16 each form a current path, the first input terminals 30 of the switching device 10 connects to output terminals 32. To the Input terminals 30 are used when installing the switching device 10 the individual phases of the power supply 22 connected. The output terminals 32, in contrast, with the electrical Connected consumer, using the switching device 10 should be switched on and off. An example is as electrical consumer, a motor 34 is shown here.

Das Schaltgerät 10 besitzt des weiteren einen Eingangskreis, der ein Zeitglied 36 aufweist. Das Zeitglied 36 wird über eine zweite Eingangsklemme 38 sowie eine Ausgangsklemme 40 mit einem Schaltsignal angesteuert, das in der nachfolgend erläuterten Weise auf die Schaltstellung der Arbeitskontakte 18, 20 einwirkt. Das Zeitglied 36 verzögert dabei die Schaltfolge der Arbeitskontakte 18, 20 in der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Art.The switching device 10 also has an input circuit, which has a timer 36. The timer 36 is a second input terminal 38 and an output terminal 40 with a Activated switching signal, which is explained in the following Acts on the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20. The timer 36 delays the switching sequence of the normally open contacts 18, 20 in the manner shown in Fig. 2.

Ausgehend von der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 besitzt das Zeitglied 36 zunächst eine in Durchlaßrichtung angeordnete Diode 42, deren Kathode mit einer Serienschaltung aus einem Widerstand 44 und einer in Sperrichtung angeordneten Zenerdiode 46 verbunden ist. Die Anode der Zenerdiode 46 ist mit einem Eingangsanschluß des Steuerkreises des zweiten Schaltelements 16 verbunden. Parallel zu dem zweiten Schaltelement 16 befindet sich eine in Sperrichtung angeordnete Diode 48. Der Ausgangsanschluß des Steuerkreises des zweiten Schaltelements 16 ist mit dem Kollektor eines Transistors 50 verbunden, dessen Emitter zu der Ausgangsklemme 40 geführt ist. Die Basis des Transistors 50 ist über einen Widerstand 52 mit der Anode der Zenerdiode 46 bzw. mit dem Eingangsanschluß des Steuerkreises des zweiten Schaltelements 16 verbunden.Starting from the second input terminal 38, the timer has 36 first a diode arranged in the forward direction 42, the cathode of which is connected in series from a resistor 44 and a zener diode 46 arranged in the reverse direction connected is. The anode of zener diode 46 is with an input terminal the control circuit of the second switching element 16 connected. Is parallel to the second switching element 16 a diode 48 is arranged in the reverse direction. The output connection the control circuit of the second switching element 16 is with connected to the collector of a transistor 50 whose emitter too the output terminal 40 is guided. The base of transistor 50 is through a resistor 52 to the anode of zener diode 46 or with the input connection of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.

Parallel zu dem Widerstand 44 befindet sich eine Diode 54, deren Kathode mit der Kathode der Diode 42 verbunden ist. Die Anode der Diode 54 führt auf die Kathode der Zenerdiode 46. Des weiteren ist die Anode der Diode 54 über einen Kondensator 56 mit der Ausgangsklemme 40 verbunden. A diode 54 is located in parallel with the resistor 44 Cathode is connected to the cathode of the diode 42. The anode the diode 54 leads to the cathode of the zener diode 46. Des Another is the anode of the diode 54 via a capacitor 56 connected to the output terminal 40.

Kathodenseitig sind die Dioden 42 und 54 mit dem Eingangsanschluß des Steuerkreises des ersten Schaltelements 14 verbunden. Ausgangsseitig ist der Steuerkreis des ersten Schaltelements 14 auf die Ausgangsklemme 40 geführt. Parallel zu dem ersten Schaltelement 14 befindet sich eine in Sperrichtung geschaltete Diode 58. Schließlich ist die Eingangsklemme 38 noch direkt mit der Eingangsseite des Steuerkreises des zweiten Schaltelements 16 verbunden.The diodes 42 and 54 with the input connection are on the cathode side the control circuit of the first switching element 14 connected. The control circuit of the first switching element is on the output side 14 led to the output terminal 40. Parallel to the first Switching element 14 is in the reverse direction Diode 58. Finally, input terminal 38 is still there directly with the input side of the control circuit of the second Switching element 16 connected.

Das Schaltgerät 10 dieses Ausführungsbeispiels dient als Kontaktverstärker, der über die zweite Eingangsklemme 38 sowie die Ausgangsklemme 40 an ein hier nicht dargestelltes, vorhergehendes Schaltgerät angeschlossen werden kann. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Einfachheit halber gewählt, da ein Kontaktverstärker schaltungstechnisch vergleichsweise einfach und übersichtlich aufgebaut ist. Die Erfindung kann jedoch gleichermaßen auch bei einem kompletten Sicherheitsschaltgerät verwendet werden, an das zum Betrieb nur noch ein Notaus-Taster angeschlossen werden muß.The switching device 10 of this exemplary embodiment serves as a contact amplifier, the via the second input terminal 38 and the Output terminal 40 to a previous one, not shown here Switching device can be connected. This embodiment is chosen for the sake of simplicity, since a contact amplifier Comparatively simple and clear in terms of circuitry is constructed. However, the invention can equally also used for a complete safety relay to which only an emergency stop button is connected for operation must become.

Nachfolgend wird die Funktionsweise des Zeitgliedes 36 und damit des Schaltgerätes 10 erläutert.The mode of operation of the timer 36 and thus follows of the switching device 10 explained.

Bei Vorliegen eines positiven Spannungssignals zwischen der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 und der Ausgangsklemme 40 wird die Diode 42 leitend. Infolge dessen fließt ein Strom von der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 über die Diode 42 durch den Steuerkreis des ersten Schaltelements 14 zur Ausgangsklemme 40. Hierdurch wird das erste Schaltelement 14 aktiviert, d.h. es werden die Arbeitskontakte 18 geschlossen. Gleichzeitig wird aufgrund der Zwangskopplung der Hilfskontakt 24 geöffnet. Des weiteren fließt der Strom von der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 auch über den Widerstand 44 zu dem Kondensator 56, der hierdurch aufgeladen wird. Sobald die Spannung am Kondensator 56 die Durchbruchspannung der Zenerdiode 46 übersteigt, wird diese leitend, und infolge dessen fließt ein Basisstrom über den Widerstand 52 durch den Transistor 50. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, daß der Transistor 50 leitend wird, so daß nun ein Strom durch den Steuerkreis des zweiten Schaltelements 16 fließen kann. Infolge dessen wird auch das zweite Schaltelement 16 aktiviert, d.h. die Arbeitskontakte 20 werden geschlossen und der Hilfskontakt 26 öffnet sich. In diesem Zustand sind die Strompfade zwischen den ersten Eingangsklemmen 30 und den Ausgangsklemmen 32 geschlossen, so daß der Motor 34 mit Strom versorgt wird.If there is a positive voltage signal between the second input terminal 38 and the output terminal 40 is the Diode 42 conductive. As a result, a current flows from the second Input terminal 38 through diode 42 through the control circuit of the first switching element 14 to the output terminal 40. As a result the first switching element 14 is activated, i.e. it will be the Working contacts 18 closed. At the same time, due to the Forced coupling of the auxiliary contact 24 opened. Furthermore the current from the second input terminal 38 also overflows resistor 44 to capacitor 56, which thereby charges it becomes. Once the voltage across capacitor 56 is the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 46, this becomes conductive, and as a result, a base current flows through resistor 52 through transistor 50. This in turn means that the Transistor 50 becomes conductive, so that now a current through the Control circuit of the second switching element 16 can flow. As a result the second switching element 16 is also activated, i.e. the make contacts 20 are closed and the auxiliary contact 26 opens. In this state, the current paths are between closed the first input terminals 30 and the output terminals 32, so that the motor 34 is powered.

Für die nachfolgende Beschreibung sei angenommen, daß das Zeitglied 36 genügend lang an Spannung lag, daß sich der Kondensator 56 aufladen konnte. Wird nun die Spannung zwischen der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 und der Ausgangsklemme 40 entfernt, fällt das zweite Schaltelement 16 in seinen passiven Zustand zurück. Hierdurch werden gleichzeitig die Arbeitskontakte 20 geöffnet und der Hilfskontakt 26 geschlossen. Infolge dessen ist die Stromversorgung des Motors 34 abrupt unterbrochen.For the following description it is assumed that the timing element 36 was long enough that the capacitor 56 could charge. Now the tension between the second input terminal 38 and output terminal 40 removed, the second switching element 16 falls into its passive state back. As a result, the working contacts 20 opened and the auxiliary contact 26 closed. Consequently the power supply to the motor 34 is abruptly interrupted.

Des weiteren wird aufgrund des geladenen Kondensators 56 die Diode 54 leitend und der Kondensator 56 entlädt sich über den Steuerkreis des ersten Schaltelements 14. Dieses wird daher noch für eine gewisse Zeit in seinem aktiven Zustand gehalten, d.h. die Arbeitskontakte 18 bleiben noch für eine Zeitspanne geschlossen. Sobald die Spannung an dem Kondensator 56 unter die Rückfallspannung des ersten Schaltelements 14 sinkt, fallen auch die Arbeitskontakte 18 ab, so daß spätestens zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Stromversorgung des Motors 34 unterbrochen wird, selbst wenn einer oder mehrere Arbeitskontakte 20 des zweiten Schaltelements 16 aneinander haften bleiben sollten. Des weiteren ist nun der Strompfad über die beiden Hilfskontakte 24, 26 geschlossen, was aufgrund der Zwangskopplung eine sichere Aussage über die Abschaltung des Motors 34 ermöglicht.Furthermore, due to the charged capacitor 56 Diode 54 conductive and the capacitor 56 discharges through the Control circuit of the first switching element 14. This is therefore kept in its active state for a while, i.e. the working contacts 18 remain for a period of time closed. Once the voltage across capacitor 56 is below the dropout voltage of the first switching element 14 falls also the working contacts 18 from, so that at the latest When the power supply to the motor 34 is interrupted, even if one or more working contacts 20 of the second Switching element 16 should stick to each other. Furthermore is the current path via the two auxiliary contacts 24, 26 closed, which is a reliable statement due to the forced coupling enabled by switching off the motor 34.

Die Dioden 48 und 58, die parallel zu den beiden Schaltelementen 14, 16 angeordnet sind, dienen in an sich bekannter Weise zur ergänzenden Funkenlöschung.The diodes 48 and 58, which are parallel to the two switching elements 14, 16 are arranged, serve in a manner known per se for additional spark extinguishing.

Das Zeitglied 36 sorgt dafür, daß die Arbeitskontakte 18 des ersten Schaltelements 14 beim Einschalten der Stromversorgung des Motors 34 zeitlich stets früher geschlossen werden, als die Arbeitskontakte 20 des zweiten Schaltelements 16. Umgekehrt werden die Arbeitskontakte 20 des zweiten Schaltelements 16 beim Ausschalten des Motors 34 stets früher geöffnet als die Arbeitskontakte 18 des ersten Schaltelements.The timer 36 ensures that the working contacts 18 of the first switching element 14 when the power supply is switched on of the motor 34 are always closed earlier than that Normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16. Vice versa the normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16 always open earlier than that when the motor 34 is switched off Normally open contacts 18 of the first switching element.

Diese Zeitverhältnisse sind in Fig. 2 anhand dreier Zeitdiagramme dargestellt, in denen Us das Schaltsignal zwischen der zweiten Eingangsklemme 38 und der Ausgangsklemme 40 bezeichnet. Wie anhand der Darstellung zu erkennen ist, liegt die Anzugsspannung U1 für die Arbeitskontakte 18 des ersten Schaltelements 14 zeitlich um eine Zeitspanne T1 vor der Anzugsspannung U2 für die Arbeitskontakte 20 des zweiten Schaltelements 16 an. Umgekehrt fällt die Anzugsspannung U2 für das zweite Schaltelement 16 um eine Zeitspanne T2 früher als die Anzugsspannung U1 für das erste Schaltelement 14 ab. Zusätzlich zu den beiden Zeitspannen T1 und T2 sind in Fig. 2 auch schaltzeitbedingte Verzögerungen Tv zwischen dem Schaltsignal Us und den Anzugsspannungen U1 und U2 gezeigt. These time relationships are shown in FIG. 2 using three time diagrams, in which U s denotes the switching signal between the second input terminal 38 and the output terminal 40. As can be seen from the illustration, the pull-in voltage U 1 for the make contacts 18 of the first switching element 14 is present in time by a time period T 1 before the pull-in voltage U 2 for the make contacts 20 of the second switching element 16. Conversely, the pull-in voltage U 2 for the second switching element 16 drops earlier than the pull-in voltage U 1 for the first switching element 14 by a time T 2 . In addition to the two time periods T 1 and T 2 , switching time-related delays T v between the switching signal U s and the starting voltages U 1 and U 2 are also shown in FIG. 2.

Es versteht sich, daß der Begriff "Einschalten" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung einen Spannungsanstieg von einem Betrag unterhalb der Rückfallspannung der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 auf einen Betrag oberhalb der Anzugsspannung der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 innerhalb einer Zeit bezeichnet, die klein gegenüber T1 ist. Umgekehrt bezeichnet der Begriff "Ausschalten" einen Spannungsrückgang von oberhalb der Haltespannung der Schaltelemente 14, 16 auf einen Wert unterhalb der Rückfallspannung der Schaltelemente 14, 16 innerhalb einer Zeitspanne, die klein gegenüber der Zeit T2 ist. Tatsächlich werden die Schaltsignale gemäß Fig. 2 keine unendlich steilen Anstiegs- bzw. Abfallflanken besitzen.It is understood that the term “switching on” in the sense of the present invention denotes a voltage rise from an amount below the dropout voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 to an amount above the pull-in voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 within a time that is small compared to T. 1 is. Conversely, the term “switching off” denotes a voltage drop from above the withstand voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 to a value below the dropout voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 within a period that is small compared to the time T 2 . In fact, the switching signals according to FIG. 2 will have no infinitely steep rising or falling edges.

In einem weiteren, hier nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist das Sicherheitsschaltgerät 10 ein voll funktionsfähiges Stand-alone-Gerät, das zusätzlich zu den bislang beschriebenen Komponenten eine eigene Spannungsversorgung besitzt. Mit Hilfe der Spannungsversorgung erzeugt das Schaltgerät dieses Ausführungsbeispiels ein Spannungssignal, mit dessen Hilfe die Schaltstellung eines passiven Notaus-Tasters überprüft werden kann. In Abhängigkeit eines daraus gewonnenen Schaltsignals werden dann über eine dem Zeitglied 36 entsprechende Schaltung die Arbeitskontakte der beiden Schaltelemente 14, 16 angesteuert.In a further embodiment, not shown here the invention, the safety switching device 10 is a fully functional Stand-alone device, in addition to the previous one described components has its own power supply. The switching device generates with the help of the voltage supply this embodiment, a voltage signal with the Help checked the switch position of a passive emergency stop button can be. Depending on one obtained from it Switching signal are then corresponding to a timer 36 Circuit the make contacts of the two switching elements 14, 16 controlled.

Claims (7)

  1. A safety switching device for connection and safe disconnection of an electrical load (34), in particular an electrically driven machine, having a first (14) and a second (16) electromechanical switching element, whose operating contacts (18, 20) are arranged in series with one another between a first input terminal (30) and an output terminal (32) of the switching device (10), and having a second input terminal (38) for a switching signal (Us), which acts on the switch position of the operating contacts (18, 20) of the two switching elements (14, 16), characterized in that the first switching element (14) has a lower nominal switching capacity than the second switching element (16), and, further, the safety switching device has a timer unit (36) which delays the switching signal (Us) such that, while connecting the load (34), it acts earlier on the operating contacts (18) of the first switching element (14), and, while disconnecting the load (34), it acts later on the operating contacts (18) of the first switching element (14) than on the operating contacts (20) of the second switching element (16).
  2. The safety switching device of claim 1, characterized in that said at least the first (14) and the second (16) switching element are surrounded by a common, tightly closed enclosure (12), from which the first input terminal (30) and the output terminal (32) are passed out.
  3. The safety switching device of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first (14) and the second (16) switching element are arranged on a common component mount (28).
  4. The safety switching device of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first (14) and the second (16) switching element each have at least one auxiliary contact (24, 26) which is positive-guided by the respective operating contact (18, 20) in a mechanical way.
  5. The safety switching device of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first switching element (14) is a relay.
  6. The safety switching device of any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second switching element (16) is a contactor.
  7. The safety switching device of any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said safety switching device is configured as a contact enhancing unit for connection to a preceding switching device.
EP00971407A 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Safety switch device for switching on and safely switching off an electrical user, in particular an electrically driven machine Expired - Lifetime EP1228519B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19954460 1999-11-12
DE19954460A DE19954460C2 (en) 1999-11-12 1999-11-12 Safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer, in particular an electrically driven machine, on and off
PCT/EP2000/010788 WO2001037302A1 (en) 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Safety switch device for switching on and safely switching off an electrical user, in particular an electrically driven machine

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EP1228519A1 EP1228519A1 (en) 2002-08-07
EP1228519B1 true EP1228519B1 (en) 2004-05-26

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US (1) US6570272B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1228519B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4490616B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE268053T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1027401A (en)
DE (1) DE19954460C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001037302A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020130557A1 (en) 2002-09-19
DE19954460C2 (en) 2002-02-28
AU1027401A (en) 2001-05-30
ATE268053T1 (en) 2004-06-15
WO2001037302A1 (en) 2001-05-25
US6570272B2 (en) 2003-05-27
JP4490616B2 (en) 2010-06-30
JP2003514361A (en) 2003-04-15
EP1228519A1 (en) 2002-08-07
DE19954460A1 (en) 2001-09-20

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