EP1182416B1 - Tube d'échangeur de chaleur avec ailettes intérieures décalées et de hauteur variable - Google Patents
Tube d'échangeur de chaleur avec ailettes intérieures décalées et de hauteur variable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1182416B1 EP1182416B1 EP01119589A EP01119589A EP1182416B1 EP 1182416 B1 EP1182416 B1 EP 1182416B1 EP 01119589 A EP01119589 A EP 01119589A EP 01119589 A EP01119589 A EP 01119589A EP 1182416 B1 EP1182416 B1 EP 1182416B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rib
- ribs
- zones
- heat
- exchange pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/005—Rolls with a roughened or textured surface; Methods for making same
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/227—Surface roughening or texturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchange tube having an inner structured surface according to the preamble of claim 1 (cf. JP-A-4/158193 ) or the claims 2/3 (see DE-A-196 28 280 ).
- the heat exchange tube is esp. For evaporation of liquids from pure substances or mixtures on the tube inside suitable. But it also offers advantages in the condensation of vapors.
- the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchange tube with an internal surface structure, which has the advantages of a good or improved compared to the prior art evaporation performance and at the same time reduced compared to the prior art tube weight and a reduced number of working and rolling steps connecting production costs.
- the object is achieved in heat exchange tubes according to the preamble of claims 1, 2 and 3 according to the invention that the ribs in the individual zones (Z 1 to Z m ) in the tube longitudinal direction in any periodic combination and sequence of at least two rib heights (H 1 to H n , H 1 > H 2 >...> H n ), wherein adjacent zones (Z 1 to Z m ) adjoin one another such that at the transition of two zones the fin sequence is offset in the tube longitudinal direction by at least one rib.
- Claims 4 to 19 relate to preferred embodiments of the heat exchange tubes according to the invention.
- the production of the heat exchange tube according to the invention is based, for example, on the method described in more detail below.
- copper or a copper alloy is used as the material of the heat exchange tubes, but the present invention is not limited in this way. Rather, any type of metal can be used, eg aluminum.
- a metallic flat strip is subjected to a single-stage roll embossing step in which it is passed between a textured roll having a surface configuration complementary to the structure according to the invention and a backing roll.
- one side of the flat strip is provided with the structure according to the invention, while the second side remains smooth or has a structuring not described here in detail. Only the marginal areas of the first page serving for the subsequent welding can possibly be structured differently or remain unstructured.
- the structured flat strip is formed into a slot tube, longitudinally welded in a welding process, and the tube is optionally brought to the desired outside diameter in a final drawing process.
- a possible influence on the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange tube according to the invention by the weld seam surrounding, differently structured or unstructured area is insignificant and can be neglected.
- Claim 20 relates to the preferred embodiment of a structure roller for producing the heat exchange tubes according to the invention.
- the modular structure of the wheel of discs or rings the rapid creation and evaluation of numerous structural variants in the context of a design plan and a rapid adaptation of surface structuring to new fluids and changed operating conditions by changing the number, shape and (slot) geometry of the discs and Rings or by replacing individual discs / rings made possible on the modular principle, shows itself as a further advantage of the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a fin block heat exchanger according to the prior art with horizontally disposed heat exchange tubes 1 and not numbered fins.
- a longitudinal section of a longitudinally welded heat exchange tube 1 is shown with the outer diameter D.
- the heat exchange tube 1 has a smooth outer surface and a textured inner surface.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically a plan view of the unfolded inner surface of such a finned heat exchange tube 1.
- the inner surface is divided in the circumferential direction into four zones (Z 1 to Z 4 ).
- zones (Z 1 to Z 4 ) are alternately formed (in the tube longitudinal direction) high ribs 2 (rib height H 1 ) and low ribs 3 (rib height H 2 ), which are separated by grooves 4.
- the ribs 2, 3 - and the grooves 4 - extend obliquely to the tube longitudinal direction, ie the center lines 5 of the ribs 2, 3 form the pitch angle ⁇ with the tube longitudinal direction.
- Adjacent zones (Z 1 to Z 4 ) are offset from each other so that at the boundaries of the zones (Z 1 to Z 4 ) each have a high rib 2 and a low rib 3 collide.
- the rib length within a zone, measured along the center lines 5 of the ribs 2, 3, is denoted by L.
- FIG. 4 shows in detail the rib pitch t (distance from the center of the rib to the middle of the rib measured perpendicular to the rib center lines 5), the flank angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , the rib heights H 1 and H 2 and the rib foot widths F 1 and F 2, respectively ,
- the flank angles ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and the foot widths F 1 , F 2 are also measured in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the rib center lines 5.
- FIG. 5 shows, schematically and analogously to FIG. 3, a plan view of the unfolded inner surface of a finned heat exchange tube 1, with high and low fins at the transition of adjacent zones respectively through a gap 12 of length B (measured along the extended centerlines 5 of the fins 2 , 3) are separated from each other.
- Fig. 6 the structure of a structure roller 6 for producing the heat exchange tubes 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
- the roller 6 is composed of a plurality of discs 7, which are offset in the circumferential direction against each other.
- the individual disks 7 are alternately deep and less deep grooves 8, 9 are introduced, which produce the high ribs 2 and the lower ribs 3 in the individual zones Z 1 to Z 5 when rolling the roller 6 on the strip 10 in a roll embossing.
- the sheet metal strip 10 is formed into a slot tube and longitudinally welded (weld seam 11).
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show an embodiment with four zones each (Z 1 to Z 4 ), wherein FIG. 8 differs by the additional arrangement of gaps 12 of length B between high ribs 2 and low ribs 3. These relationships are illustrated by the representation of FIG. 5.
- the inner surface of the heat exchange tube 1 of FIG. 9 is divided into 6 zones (Z 1 to Z 6 ).
- the group G 1 with the three zones (Z 1 to Z 3 ) extend the ribs 2, 3 at the pitch angle ⁇ , in the group 2 with the three zones (Z 4 to Z 6 ) under the respect.
- the boundary line between adjacent Groups of mirror symmetry opposed (negative) angles ⁇ ' - ⁇ .
- the inner surface of the heat exchange tube 1 of Fig. 10 is also divided into 6 zones (Z 1 to Z 6 ).
- the ribs 2, 3 extend under the pitch angle ⁇ , in the group 2 with the zones Z 3 / Z 4 under a different pitch angle
- the zone in this embodiment, exactly one high and one lower rib 2, 3 are included in a section in the circumferential direction, so that overall high ribs 2 and 19 result in lower ribs 3 in the circumferential direction 19.
- an angle of 90 ° is set as an offset of the zones or as an angular offset of the discs 7 of the structure roller 6 against each other.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Claims (20)
- Tube échangeur de chaleur (1) avec surface intérieure nervurée, qui est subdivisé en direction périphérique en au moins deux zones (Z1 à Zm), dans lequel des nervures (2, 3) qui s'étendent sous un angle de pas α par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du tube présentent des hauteurs de nervures différentes en alternance dans des zones voisines (Z1 à Zm),
caractérisé en ce que
les nervures (2, 3) dans les zones individuelles (Z1 à Zm) sont agencées en combinaison et en succession périodique quelconque en direction longitudinale du tube avec au moins deux hauteurs de nervures (H1 à Hn, H1>H2>...>Hn), et des zones voisines (Z1 à Zm) sont mutuellement adjacentes de telle façon qu'à la transition de deux zones, la succession des nervures en direction longitudinale du tube est décalé d'au moins une nervure. - Tube échangeur de chaleur (1) avec surface intérieure nervurée, qui est subdivisé en direction périphérique en au moins deux groupes (G1 à Gp) de zones (Z1 à Zm), chaque groupe comprenant au moins deux zones, et l'angle de pas (α, α') des nervures (2, 3) dans les zones d'un groupe est à chaque fois unitaire, mais celui-ci varie entre les groupes voisins de telle manière qu'en comptant à partir d'un groupe G1, dans des groupes présentant un numéro impair, on obtient un angle de pas α des nervures (2, 3) d'une valeur différente à l'angle de pas α' dans des groupes présentant un numéro pair (|α'|≠|α|),
caractérisé en ce que
les nervures (2, 3) dans les zones individuelles (Z1 à Zm) en direction longitudinale du tube sont agencées en combinaison et en succession périodique quelconque avec au moins deux hauteurs de nervures (H1 à Hn, H1>H2>...>Hn), des zones voisines (Z1 à Zm) d'un groupe étant adjacentes de telle manière qu'à la transition de deux zones d'un groupe, la succession des nervures en direction longitudinale du tube est décalée d'au moins une nervure. - Tube échangeur de chaleur (1) avec surface intérieure nervurée, qui est subdivisé en direction périphérique en au moins deux groupes (G1 à Gp) de zones (Z1 à Zm), chaque groupe comprenant au moins deux zones, et l'angle de pas (α, α') des nervures (2, 3) est à chaque fois unitaire dans les zones d'un groupe, mais varie entre des groupes voisins de telle façon qu'en comptant à partir d'un groupe G1 en groupes de numéros impairs, il existe un angle de pas α des nervures (2, 3), alors qu'en comptant en groupes de numéros pairs, il existe un angle de pas α' des nervures (2, 3) symétrique et opposé par rapport à la ligne frontière entre les groupes voisins, tels que α' = -α,
caractérisé en ce que les nervures (2, 3) dans les zones individuelles (Z1 à Zm) sont agencés en combinaison et en succession périodique quelconque en direction longitudinale du tube avec au moins deux hauteurs de nervures (H 1 à Hn, H1>H2>...>Hn), et dans lequel des zones voisines (Z1 à Zm) d'un groupe sont mutuellement adjacentes de telle façon qu'à la transition de deux zones d'un groupe, la succession des nervures en direction longitudinale du tube est décalée d'au moins une nervure. - Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que :dans chaque zone (Z 1 à Zm) en répétition périodique, à exactement une nervure présentant la hauteur Hi (i = 1 à n) suivent respectivement exactement une nervure présentant la hauteur Hj (j = 1 à n, j ≠ i, Hj ≠ Hi) et éventuellement d'autres nervures présentant les hauteurs Hk (k = 1 à n, k ≠ i, j, Hk ≠ Hi, Hj) en direction longitudinale du tube.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que :dans chaque zone (Z1 à Zm), en répétition périodique, à deux ou plusieurs nervures présentant la hauteur Hi (i = 1 à n) suivent respectivement exactement une nervure présentant la hauteur Hj (j = 1 à n, j ≠ i, Hj ≠ Hi) et éventuellement d'autres nervures présentant les hauteurs Hk (k = 1 à n, k ≠ i, j, Hk ≠ Hi, Hj) en direction longitudinale du tube.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que :dans chaque zone (Z1 à Zm) en répétition périodique, à exactement une nervure présentant la hauteur Hi (i = 1 à n) suivent respectivement deux ou plusieurs nervures présentant la hauteur Hj (j = 1 à n, j ≠ i, Hj ≠ Hi) et éventuellement d'autres nervures présentant les hauteurs Hk (k = 1 à n, k ≠ i, j, Hk ≠ Hi, Hj) en direction longitudinale du tube.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que :dans chaque zone (Z1 à Zm) en répétition périodique, à deux ou plusieurs nervures présentant la hauteur Hi (i = 1 à n) suivent respectivement deux ou plusieurs nervures présentant la hauteur Hj (j = 1 à n, j ≠ i, Hj ≠ Hi) et éventuellement d'autres nervures présentant les hauteurs Hk (k = 1 à n, k ≠ i, j, Hk ≠ Hi, Hj) en direction longitudinale du tube.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que :pour un diamètre extérieur de tube de D = 3 à 20 mm, l'angle de pas s'élève à α = 5 à 85°, la hauteur maximum des nervures s'élève à H1 = 0,05 à 0,5 mm, et la longueur des nervures par zone s'élève à L = 0,5 à 15 mm.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que :pour un diamètre extérieur de tube de D = 6 à 12,7 mm, l'angle de pas s'élève à α = 10 à 40°, la hauteur maximum des nervures s'élève à H1 = 0,1 à 0,3 mm, et la longueur des nervures par zone s'élève à L = 0,5 à 10 mm.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que :les hauteurs Hj des nervures (j = 2 à n), comparées à la hauteur maximum H1 des nervures, s'élève à Hj/H1 = 0,1 à 0,9, et en particulier 0,2 à 0,8.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que :la hauteur H2 des nervures, comparée à la hauteur maximum H1 des nervures, s'élève à H2/H1 = 0,2 à 0,7, en particulier 0,4 à 0,6.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que :le pas des nervures s'élève à t = 0,1 à 0,8 mm, et l'angle des flancs γ1 à γn s'élève de 10 à 60°.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que :le pas des nervures s'élève à t = 0,2 à 0,6 mm, et l'angle des flancs γ1 à γn s'élève de 20 à 50°.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les sections des nervures (2, 3) sont géométriquement semblables.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que :les sections des nervures (2, 3) sont géométriquement différentes.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que :deux nervures (2, 3) de zones voisines (Z1 à Zm), dont l'une se situe dans le prolongement de la ligne médiane (5) de l'autre, sont respectivement séparées l'une de l'autre par une fente (12).
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que :la longueur de fente B est inférieure à 0,5 fois la longueur de nervure L.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la longueur de fente B est inférieure à 0,2 fois la longueur de nervure L.
- Tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que :il comprend au moins un cordon de soudure (11), en particulier dans la direction longitudinale du tube.
- Procédé pour la fabrication d'un tube échangeur de chaleur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 19, comprenant un cylindre structuré,
caractérisé en ce que
le cylindre structuré est constitué par des disques ou par des anneaux (7), dont le nombre et la largeur correspondent au nombre et à la largeur des zones (Z1 à Zm) du tube échangeur de chaleur (1), lesquelles comportent des gorges (8, 9) qui s'étendent en oblique avec des profondeurs différentes alternées, et qui sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres en direction périphérique.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10041919 | 2000-08-25 | ||
DE10041919A DE10041919C1 (de) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Innenberipptes Wärmeaustauschrohr mit versetzt angeordneten Rippen unterschiedlicher Höhe |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1182416A2 EP1182416A2 (fr) | 2002-02-27 |
EP1182416A3 EP1182416A3 (fr) | 2006-01-04 |
EP1182416B1 true EP1182416B1 (fr) | 2007-10-03 |
Family
ID=7653844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01119589A Expired - Lifetime EP1182416B1 (fr) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-16 | Tube d'échangeur de chaleur avec ailettes intérieures décalées et de hauteur variable |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6631758B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1182416B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002115987A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1243950C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE374916T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE10041919C1 (fr) |
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DE10210016B9 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2004-09-09 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Wärmeaustauschrohr mit berippter Innenoberfläche |
DE10218912A1 (de) | 2002-04-27 | 2003-11-06 | Modine Mfg Co | Gewellter Wärmetauschkörper |
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US9599410B2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2017-03-21 | General Electric Company | Plate-like air-cooled engine surface cooler with fluid channel and varying fin geometry |
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US5704424A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1998-01-06 | Mitsubishi Shindowh Co., Ltd. | Heat transfer tube having grooved inner surface and production method therefor |
JP3572497B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-22 | 2004-10-06 | 東洋ラジエーター株式会社 | 空調用熱交換器の内面溝付き溶接管 |
DE19612470A1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Austauscherrohr |
KR100245383B1 (ko) * | 1996-09-13 | 2000-03-02 | 정훈보 | 교차홈 형성 전열관 및 그 제조 방법 |
TW445299B (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 2001-07-11 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Method of producing hydrogen absorbing alloy powder, and electrode using hydrogen absorbing alloy powder produced by said method |
JPH1183368A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-26 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
JPH11108579A (ja) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 内面溝付管 |
JP2000121272A (ja) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-28 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | 内面溝付伝熱管および熱交換器 |
MY120261A (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2005-09-30 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Internal-grooved heat exchanger tube and metal strip machining roll for internal-grooved heat exchanger tube |
JP2000205781A (ja) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-07-28 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 DE DE10041919A patent/DE10041919C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-08-02 JP JP2001234523A patent/JP2002115987A/ja active Pending
- 2001-08-14 CN CNB011255536A patent/CN1243950C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-16 AT AT01119589T patent/ATE374916T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-16 DE DE50113077T patent/DE50113077D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-16 EP EP01119589A patent/EP1182416B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-17 US US09/932,412 patent/US6631758B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-06 US US10/236,692 patent/US6722420B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6722420B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 |
CN1243950C (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
JP2002115987A (ja) | 2002-04-19 |
EP1182416A2 (fr) | 2002-02-27 |
ATE374916T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
DE10041919C1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
DE50113077D1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
US20030006031A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
US20030111215A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1182416A3 (fr) | 2006-01-04 |
CN1340689A (zh) | 2002-03-20 |
US6631758B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 |
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