EP1098587A1 - Robot menager pour aspiration automatique de la poussiere sur des sols - Google Patents

Robot menager pour aspiration automatique de la poussiere sur des sols

Info

Publication number
EP1098587A1
EP1098587A1 EP99948679A EP99948679A EP1098587A1 EP 1098587 A1 EP1098587 A1 EP 1098587A1 EP 99948679 A EP99948679 A EP 99948679A EP 99948679 A EP99948679 A EP 99948679A EP 1098587 A1 EP1098587 A1 EP 1098587A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arm
suction
sensors
scanning
obstacles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99948679A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Sommer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19916427A external-priority patent/DE19916427B4/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1098587A1 publication Critical patent/EP1098587A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4011—Regulation of the cleaning machine by electric means; Control systems and remote control systems therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/02—Floor surfacing or polishing machines
    • A47L11/10—Floor surfacing or polishing machines motor-driven
    • A47L11/12—Floor surfacing or polishing machines motor-driven with reciprocating or oscillating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4036—Parts or details of the surface treating tools
    • A47L11/4038—Disk shaped surface treating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4036—Parts or details of the surface treating tools
    • A47L11/4044—Vacuuming or pick-up tools; Squeegees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
    • A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
    • A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
    • A47L5/28—Suction cleaners with handles and nozzles fixed on the casings, e.g. wheeled suction cleaners with steering handle
    • A47L5/30—Suction cleaners with handles and nozzles fixed on the casings, e.g. wheeled suction cleaners with steering handle with driven dust-loosening tools, e.g. rotating brushes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0219—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory ensuring the processing of the whole working surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0227—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using mechanical sensing means, e.g. for sensing treated area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
    • G05D1/0274—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00—Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • A47L2201/04—Automatic control of the travelling movement; Automatic obstacle detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0255—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using acoustic signals, e.g. ultra-sonic singals

Definitions

  • the classic cylinder vacuum cleaner consists of an engine block mounted on rollers, to which various nozzle shapes can be connected via a hose.
  • a rigid nozzle shape attached to a telescopic handle is generally used for this purpose, which enables the vacuuming of an approximately 20 cm wide strip.
  • the engine block can also be integrated in the telescopic handle.
  • a short brush is integrated in most models, which can be pushed out of the nozzle using a pedal or hand switch.
  • a nozzle with a horizontally rotating brush can be used on some models to increase the cleaning effect (tapping). This brush is driven either electrically or indirectly via the air flow.
  • British Patent GB 20 38 615 A shows a remote-controlled vacuum cleaner with a circular base on three wheels, two of which are driven, in which the rigid suction nozzle is attached below the base of the vacuum cleaner.
  • a control method and sensors are not specified.
  • the patent US 50 95 577 describes a self-propelled vacuum cleaner, in which the suction nozzle is attached to the end of a suction hose rolled up on a drum and can be extended with it. Thanks to mechanical sensors and control elements, this device is able to follow the course of a wall and thereby retract and extend the suction nozzle.
  • the published patent application DE 196 14 916 A1 describes an automatically operating driving robot, the orientation of which is essentially based on the stereoscopic one Evaluation of the image data from two video cameras is based. However, no specific tax procedure is specified.
  • Control methods that require manual guidance of the route are too complex and very inflexible, since the floor surface to be vacuumed changes constantly in the household due to the moving of objects. Control procedures that independently determine the outer contours of the surface to be vacuumed before the start of the actual suction process and determine their cleaning paths with this information are overwhelmed if many obstacles, such as e.g. B. furniture, to constant evasive maneuvers.
  • obstacles such as e.g. B. furniture
  • Due to the edge scanning it takes a relatively long time for the actual suction process to begin and the method only works in closed room areas. About that- In addition, it is not possible to specify a specific starting point for the vacuum cleaner from which the cleaning process should start.
  • Powerful vacuum cleaners have a bulky design and are therefore not suitable for use in confined spaces, also because damage to sensitive objects cannot be excluded.
  • numerous and complicated sensors are used, making the devices vulnerable and very expensive.
  • Flat devices with a circular base have recently been developed to improve accessibility. However, this limits the possible battery size and thus the range and the suction power, and yet many areas in corners and niches as well as on furniture edges cannot be cleaned because they are not accessible to the vacuum cleaner.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a flexible control method which, on the one hand, is able to adapt itself automatically to any floor surface with any obstacles, and on the other hand to avoid unnecessary multiple cleaning of certain areas while other places are not or only insufficiently recorded.
  • the cleaning should be able to start directly at a location specified by the user, without having to laboriously scan the room contours beforehand.
  • the device controlled by the method should cover all floor areas and also furniture edges and narrow niches, a high cleaning effect being required and damage having to be excluded.
  • the device must be made large enough to take up sufficient battery capacity. Appropriate insulation can largely shield the noise generated.
  • the vacuum cleaner should continue to be as simple as possible, robust and avoid complicated sensors in order to enable cost-effective production. solution
  • a fully automatic control method in particular for a self-propelled vacuum cleaner with distance and contact sensors, is presented, which has the following essential features: a close range is defined around the device, which is scanned by sensors, and possible at the limits of the close range new positions saved for the device. After selecting one of the positions saved in the current or previous step, depending on the degree of accessibility, an assigned priority and taking into account the presence of an area that has not yet been scanned in the area of the possible new positions, the selected position is approached and then the described position The sequence of the process steps is repeated until a predetermined total area has been completely covered or no new position can be selected.
  • the floor area scanned by the sensors is mapped into a two-dimensional data field in order to mark obstacles, free areas and possible new positions for the device identified during the scanning by certain statuses.
  • This field in which an image of the accessible floor area with the contours of all obstacles and delimiting edges is gradually created, serves to define control parameters for the device and to control the area already covered.
  • the close range can be determined by the range of the sensors which are rigidly or movably attached to the device.
  • direction-sensitive sensors with long-distance effect can be used or simple contact or distance sensors, which are guided over the surface to be scanned by a suitable mechanism.
  • the scanning of the close-up range can also be carried out in such a way that the effect of sensors with remote control or of movable sensors is emulated by moving the entire device and this determines the maximum accessible close-up range with any obstacles by sensors without remote control.
  • any partial area relative to the position of the device can be defined as the near area.
  • new positions will only be saved after scanning the close range where no obstacles have been detected and also no surface areas that have already been scanned from an earlier position of the device. This condition can be realized particularly simply by storing new positions only at those boundaries of the close range which are marked in the data field as not yet scanned.
  • a transformation into a positive coordinate range takes place for negative coordinates, e.g. B. by forming x_max -
  • the distance and the direction from the current position can be taken into account as evaluation parameters.
  • the shortest route within the area already scanned is determined by avoiding obstacles and the device is moved along this route.
  • the device can be reset to any previous positions and certain intermediate positions can be skipped when resetting the device over several previous positions if a check in the data field shows that the device does not have to pass over areas marked as obstacles during its movement.
  • an unexpected obstacle blocks the movement of the device, it determines the contours of the obstacle by scanning the sensors. Since, during the movement of the device, there is generally no renewed scanning of the path - since only areas that are marked as free in the data field are passed over - the device can encounter obstacles unknown to it by moving objects or possibly by slipping. In this case, the loading movement of the device is aborted, the close range is scanned in order to update the stored environmental information, and then a new position is selected.
  • the new close range is determined by evaluating the data field so that there is only a slight overlap with neighboring areas that have already been scanned.
  • the floor surface is simultaneously cleaned during the scanning.
  • scanning can be carried out by means of a movable arm in such a way that areas which have not yet been scanned are always first swept over by the front end of the arm. If there is an obstacle contact, the arm is guided along the detected obstacles at the smallest possible distance.
  • the near area around the device can be selected in the form of a circular sector, the scanning being carried out by repeated left and right rotation of the device, each with an increased length of the arm.
  • the arm can be shortened accordingly in the angular ranges of obstacles that have already been detected.
  • a device suitable for the method according to the invention which, of course, in addition to a suction device can also contain other cleaning devices, for example for wiping, steam cleaning or spray cleaning, or alternatively for other purposes such as, for. B. Lawn mowing, property search or control tasks can be combined, the following can be combined essential features:
  • the device with driven wheels and steering wheels or controllable drive wheels and sensors and an extendable arm is characterized in that in addition to two driven wheels as the third support point, the front lower end of the arm (head) is used, which z. B. is supported on rollers, balls, wheels or bristles.
  • the device with driven wheels and steering wheels or controllable drive wheels and sensors and an extendable arm with the front is characterized in that one or more rotating plate brush (s) is / are arranged on the head.
  • the device with driven wheels and steering wheels or controllable drive wheels and sensors as well as an extendable arm is characterized in that distance or contact sensors for detecting obstacles are arranged on the arm, which move over the close range by moving the arm and rotating the device can and both detect obstacles to the movement of the arm and those which only represent an obstacle to the movement of the device.
  • the device with driven wheels and steering wheels or controllable drive wheels and sensors is characterized in that the drives z. B. are connected elastically to the respective wheel via worm gears, the displacement of the drives which occurs when the suction device is blocked by an obstacle being detected. This mechanism makes it possible to dispense with an additional external contact sensor which would have to completely surround the device and which is mechanically complex.
  • the plate brush (s) are driven by a sliding shaft by means of a gear motor that is attached to the base of the suction cup.
  • Each brush is surrounded by a dense ring of soft bristles that are slanted outwards to remove dust from furniture edges and prevent damage.
  • each brush can have bristles that are inclined inwards, which loosen dirt from the floor, can support the suction device, and additionally borrowed the suction head at small steps, such as. B. Lift carpet edges.
  • a distance sensor the z. B. by ultrasound or by means of electromagnetic waves, the clear height above the head is used.
  • a sensor e.g. B. in the form of a mechanical button or contactless, detect levels in the flooring below the head, so as to avoid tilting of the device.
  • the movable arm is advantageously designed as a telescopic arm with a rectangular cross section, in order to offer a large cross section for guiding the air flow when used as a suction device with a flat design.
  • the device is not supported on the front end of the extendable arm, it is advantageous to design the telescopic arm so that it is rotatably or vertically movable at its rear end in order to guarantee good ground contact of the head.
  • an additional support with integrated ball for rolling can be attached below the front end of the arm, which allows any lateral movements.
  • the head pressure can be varied by shifting the weight.
  • the device After the blocking sensor has been triggered, the device is advantageously reset until the sensor no longer indicates a blocking. Subsequently, however, it is advanced again at a reduced speed in order to distinguish between pseudo and real obstacles. If the sensor has triggered for the first time due to a real obstacle, it will respond again even at a reduced speed.
  • the cause was only an insurmountable step in the flooring, e.g. B. a carpet edge, or an increased frictional resistance of the brush, the lower speed causes a reduction in the dynamically acting forces and the frictional forces, so that there is no triggering again.
  • Fig. 1 View of the vacuum cleaner
  • Fig. 2 View of the vacuum cleaner
  • Fig. 3 Longitudinal section of the suction head
  • Fig. 4 Top view of the suction head
  • Fig. 6 Path control for sector suction
  • Fig. 7 Sector suction area with existing obstacles
  • Fig. 10 Overall flow diagram of the suction control
  • Fig. 11 Flow chart 'suction of the sector in front' Fig. 12: Flow chart 'suction rotation with possible shortening of the arm'
  • Fig. 13 Flow chart 'arm extension with possible suction cup rotation'
  • Fig. 14 Flow chart 'Determination of a new suction cup position'
  • Fig. 1 shows the view of the vacuum cleaner while Fig. 2 shows the view of the lowest level of the vacuum cleaner with the dust catcher removed.
  • the extendable is an essential design element of the vacuum cleaner
  • Suction arm see Fig. 1 and 2, which also gives access to hard-to-reach floor areas, e.g. B. under cupboards or in narrow niches.
  • the suction arm has a rectangular cross section and essentially consists of two telescopic hollow bodies made of plastic, through which the air flow is directed.
  • the length of the suction arm is also controlled by a stepper motor, which drives a rack attached to the extendable inner part at the front and allows exact positioning.
  • a rotating suction brush which is set in rotation by a worm gear.
  • the worm in turn is attached to a shaft with a square cross-section on which a bevel gear can slide momentarily.
  • the bevel gear is axially fixed on the base plate of the suction cup by means of a corresponding bearing on the outer side and by a second bevel gear on the inside at an angle of 90 °.
  • This arrangement ensures that the brush can be rotated independently of the current length of the suction arm.
  • the suction arm can be constructed very flat to also clean the floor under low furniture.
  • a commercially available gear motor is used as the drive for the brush, with which a rotational frequency of the brush of approx. 0.5 Hz is set. The cleaning effect is achieved in that the dust is directed into the collecting container via the brush within the suction arm by the air flow which is generated by means of an approx. 50 W electric motor.
  • the high suction power is due in part to the fact that the smooth-walled and streamlined air flow causes little turbulence and thus low losses.
  • suction brush rotating about its vertical central axis, the longitudinal section of which is shown in Fig. 3; the section line B-B 'can be seen in Fig. 4.
  • This brush bundles the air flow and mechanically removes dust and other foreign objects from the floor, within wide limits regardless of the floor covering to be vacuumed.
  • the so-called brush wheel is connected via an axis to a gear wheel above the suction arm into which the worm, which is attached to the end of the rectangular shaft, engages.
  • the brush wheel is designed as a spoked wheel in order to obstruct the air flow as little as possible. All bristles are attached to the outer edge of the brush wheel, the bristles inclined inwards to the axis being relatively stiff and having a sufficiently large mutual distance to allow the air flow to pass between them unhindered; these bristles support the suction cup to the front and cause the outwardly inclined, very soft bristles to just touch the floor covering.
  • the outer bristles are very tight and the air flow can only pass through the gap to the floor, which creates an effective radial nozzle effect.
  • an additional plastic support can be attached underneath the brush wheel, almost as an extension of its axis, to prevent the suction head from sinking too deep.
  • a freely rotatable roller ball is integrated into this support towards the floor to minimize friction loss when the arm moves, see Fig. 3.
  • the inwardly inclined stiff bristles have another important function, because they also enable a smooth transition when crossing small steps in the flooring, e.g. B. on carpet edges. At these, the outer soft bristles are pressed inwards when the suction arm moves, the suction head being slightly raised due to the elasticity of the bristles. This effect is greatly enhanced by the oblique arrangement of the inner support bristles, so that the suction arm can slide over the step.
  • the brush resistance when moving the vacuum cleaner on carpet or over steps is also significantly reduced by the vertical rotation of the brush.
  • the rotational frequency must be adapted to the lateral speed of movement of the suction head in order to allow the suction head to roll optimally. Due to the radial asymmetry of the brush, this effect is independent of the current direction of movement of the vacuum cleaner.
  • the construction presented here has a great advantage in that, especially in the direct outer environment of the suction head, e.g. when vacuuming on furniture edges and baseboards, a high cleaning effect is achieved, whereby damage is prevented by the soft outer bristles.
  • the orientation of the suction cup is based on the calculation of the current suction position based on the distance covered. Due to the exact step control as well as the statistical occurrence of any positioning errors, a location accuracy can be achieved which, even after long distances to be covered when vacuuming a room, is completely sufficient in conjunction with the sensors.
  • the suction head probes by the rotation of the suction cup and the corresponding arm extension in front of the suction cup lying floor surface, see chapter "Vacuuming a sector”.
  • the circular symmetry of the vacuum ensures that only the vacuum head can hit obstacles during rotation.
  • the most important function is the mechanical touch sensor on the suction head, the structure of which can be seen in Fig. 4. This sensor is used to detect the impingement of obstacles when the arm is rotated and moved longitudinally.
  • both strips are coated with a conductive material and connected to the electronics via connecting wires.
  • these surfaces which act as contacts, are electrically insulated from one another by the insulating spacers and the air.
  • the suction head encounters an obstacle, the outer strip is pressed against the inner one, so that the electrical circuit closes; the direction from which the obstacle hits is insignificant.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the touch sensor encompasses the entire height of the suction head and is also guided far downward in order to detect possible obstacles which can block the movement of the suction head.
  • the touch sensor is not able to determine the direction in which an obstacle lies directly, this information can always be obtained by knowing the direction of movement of the suction head.
  • the second very important sensor is the so-called height sensor on the upper, front edge of the suction head, see Fig. 3 and 4.
  • This sensor has the task be able to detect obstacles that do not hinder the suction arm and head, but whose clear height is not sufficient for the entire suction device to pass this point.
  • a commercially available infrared distance sensor is used for this purpose, the release distance of which is set exactly to the height of the suction cup minus the suction head height.
  • This sensor has a high lateral accuracy, so that a lateral spatial resolution of a few centimeters is achieved even with obstacles at a vertical distance of approx. 30 cm.
  • a so-called step sensor is provided as the third sensor, see Fig. 3, for larger displacements of the floor covering e.g. B. on stairs and thereby prevent the vacuum cleaner from tipping over.
  • This sensor consists of a sensitive button, which is attached just behind the suction head to the lower edge of the suction arm, whereby the sensor is at a distance of approx. 1 cm from the floor on flat surfaces. If the suction head is moved down a step with a vertical offset that corresponds at least to the distance of the sensor from the floor, the suction arm touches the button, which triggers the sensor.
  • the power transmission from the stepper motors to the two drive wheels is each equipped with a mechanical blocking sensor.
  • Fig. 5 In order to clarify the function of the blocking sensor, one of the two drives is shown in detail in Fig. 5, see section line AA 'in Fig. 2:
  • the pinion of the stepper motor transmits its moment to a toothed wheel, which in turn drives a worm gear.
  • the shaft on which the gear wheel and the worm are fastened is connected to the drive bracket by axle rings, so that no axial displacement of the shaft against the bracket is possible and therefore the rotation hung the drive shaft is transmitted by the worm gear in the rotation of the impeller.
  • this drive unit does not act as a rigid system, since the common mounting of the shaft and the stepper motor consists of elastic material, which allows slight axial displacements of the drive shaft if the suction device jams during motor rotation.
  • the implementation of a blocking sensor presented has the advantage over rigid systems that when a sudden blockage of the suction cup occurs, no large forces act which may lead to damage, but that, due to the elasticity of the bearing, a gradual increase in the driving force on the shaft sets in until the blocking sensor trips.
  • the elasticity of the drive can be individually adapted to the weight of the suction cup and the dynamically acting forces.
  • the vacuum is controlled in such a way that, starting from the current location and in relation to the previous direction of rotation, a sector of maximum 90 ° is meandered, see Fig. 6: First, the vacuum rotates to the left maximum position. Then there is a maximum rotation to the right, an extension of the suction arm by the suction head diameter, and then a return rotation to the left maximum position. This movement process is repeated until the suction arm has reached its final length, whereupon, after the last rotation to the right, it is completely withdrawn.
  • Fig. 7 shows a restricted sector area, which is from Suction head can be painted over if objects hinder the movement. This can create so-called suction shadows that the suction head cannot reach by blocking the rotation of the suction arm.
  • Figure 8 uses the example of a corner of the room to show how, by lining up individual sector suction areas, areas of any type of border can be completely vacuumed (in this example, all sectors have the maximum opening angle of 180 °). By overlapping the sectors, some areas are vacuumed several times, which additionally increases the cleaning effect and compensates for possible positioning inaccuracies of the vacuum cleaner.
  • the vacuum motor which is the largest consumer, is only switched on during sector vacuuming and not when a new vacuum cleaner position is taken up.
  • the entire surface to be vacuumed is mapped in an electronic data memory, the so-called suction field, and the various states that can be assigned to a surface element are marked therein.
  • This two-dimensional information is used to identify new suction positions, to determine the way there and to determine the sector area.
  • an edge field which must previously have the status 0 is marked as a possible new suction position during the suction of a sector. If the area is later swept over by the suction head, the field receives status 1 or 2. When checking a possible new suction position, status 3 indicates that the corresponding area has not yet been vacuumed.
  • a two-dimensional grid is used to map the real surface to be sucked onto the suction field.
  • the spatial resolution in the x and y directions corresponds to one centimeter each and is therefore sufficiently precise for the detection accuracy of the sensors. Since only two bits are required for the four different statuses, it is possible with this resolution to map an area of 10x10 m 2 into a memory area of only 250 kByte.
  • FIG. 10 The overall flow diagram for the suction control is shown in Fig. 10.
  • the current suction position is saved.
  • the x and y coordinates of the suction center, the length of the suction arm and the angle that the suction arm makes in relation to the x axis are required for clear localization.
  • the optimum size of the sector to be vacuumed is then determined within the maximum limits of the angle of ⁇ 90 ° (based on the previous direction of the vacuum) and the maximum possible length of the vacuum arm R ma ⁇ .
  • a check is made in the suction field to determine which points still have status 0, ie unsucked, exhibit.
  • the area in which these points lie is determined by the left and right limit angles W
  • the determined sector area is vacuumed, see section "Vacuuming a sector", including appropriate obstacle treatment. All swept areas are marked with status 1 in the suction field or status 2 when an obstacle is detected.
  • new suction head positions are marked as possible starting points for new suction sectors on the free outer edges of the suction area, which are identified by status 0, with status 3 in the suction field.
  • each task is saved with its coordinates, its priority and the new optimal suction direction (perpendicular to the respective edge) in the list of open tasks. If the vacuum cleaner moves to W
  • the center of each free edge area is marked.
  • FIG. 6 the possible new suction positions for the case of a sector without and in Fig. 7 depicted with obstacles as black (priority 1) or white arrows (priority 2), the arrowheads indicating the new suction directions.
  • the current suction head position from which the last sector was sucked is now deleted from the list of the still open tasks.
  • the suction head moves as shown in Figure 6. However, if the suction head encounters an obstacle during rotation or changes in length, it is guided along this in close contact. In order to be able to guide the suction head around already known obstacles and thereby avoid double detection, the so-called angular field is used, which is reinitialized before each sector suction and serves to save the maximum possible radius for each angle of the sector.
  • the target radius R s which specifies the reference length for the suction arm and is incremented after each swiveling operation, is set to the inner radius Rj which the suction arm takes up in the retracted state.
  • the suction cup is rotated in the current direction with a possible shortening of the arm length, see next section and Figure 12.
  • the determined end angle cannot be turned on directly due to an obstacle, by gradually reducing the arm length while scanning the Edge contour of the obstacle tries to continue the rotation.
  • the rotation is stopped as soon as the suction arm reaches the end angle or can be freely rotated around the next step after a necessary shortening of the arm, since then the arm must first be extended again in order to follow the contour of the obstacle.
  • This macro ends when R s is reached or when the evaluation of the angular field shows that all accessible areas have already been vacuumed in the direction of rotation.
  • the end angle of the rotation is calculated first, the i. A. not equal to the left or right wetting angle W
  • the obstacle could then only be detected by means of the blocking sensor, which, however, only triggers when the contact pressure is significantly greater than that of the touch sensor and is also not intended for this application (see "Orientation of the suction device by means of sensors").
  • the obstacle was detected for the first time with the current target radius, its contour must be scanned exactly in order to be able to optimally vacuum the edge. Therefore, in this case the arm length is only reduced by 1 cm, and then an attempt is made to turn the head by half a head width (the sector boundaries form an absolute limit, however).
  • the radii of the suction arm in the swept angular range are then saved in the angular field.
  • the suction arm is then pulled in as far as necessary, rotated past the obstacle and then tried again to extend.
  • the swept area is marked in the angular field with the respective radii, and there is a return to the extension of the suction arm as described at the beginning.
  • the basic principle for determining the new vacuum position is to filter out the total of the tasks that are still open by evaluating various criteria to find the optimal task for the current location. If no new task is found from the current location, the previous suction cup positions are then examined in turn. If a new suction position can be determined from one of these old positions, the suction device is returned to this position and the new position is approached from here. At the beginning of the flow diagram in Fig. 14, the test position is set to the current suction cup position. Then all saved tasks are run through and checked to see whether they are possible continuations.
  • the status in the suction field is used to check whether the saved position has already been vacuumed. In this case, the corresponding task is discarded and deleted.
  • the one is selected whose priority is either higher than the previously selected one or which has the larger x-coordinate value with the same priority. This criterion ensures that the surface to be vacuumed is always vacuumed from the back to the front.
  • test position is set to the previous suction cup position and from there a loop is run through all tasks.
  • test position from which a task was found is equal to the current suction cup position. While in this case the new position can be approached directly after rotating the suction cup in the corresponding direction, in all other cases the suction cup must first be reset to the test position.
  • a path optimization is carried out by checking for each intermediate position whether it has been skipped and whether the suction device can possibly be moved back directly from its current position to the position from which the new suction position is subsequently assumed.
  • a condition for a possible 'shortcut' is again that the vacuum cleaner may only drive over areas that are marked with status 1 in the suction field in order to avoid collisions with obstacles.
  • Fig. 1 View of the suction cup
  • Fig. 3 Longitudinal section of the suction head
  • Fig. 4 Top view of the suction head
  • Fig. 10 Overall flow diagram of the suction control
  • Fig. 11 Flow chart 'Sucking the sector ahead'
  • Fig. 12 Flow chart 'Suction cup rotation with possible arm shortening'
  • Fig. 13 Flow chart 'arm extension with possible suction cup rotation'
  • Fig. 14 Flow chart 'Determination of a new suction cup position'

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Vacuum Cleaner (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Electric Suction Cleaners (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention permet d'explorer de manière complète et entièrement automatique des surfaces de sol de toute nature, et d'aspirer de manière particulièrement efficace la poussière qui s'y trouve, étant donné que les zones basses, des arêtes et des niches peuvent être détectées. Dans chaque cas, le robot est commandé de manière que la zone proche soit explorée, les éventuels obstacles étant détectés par des capteurs spéciaux et étant mémorisés dans un champ de données. Le mouvement vers une nouvelle position intervient ensuite à l'aide des données mémorisées, jusqu'à ce que l'ensemble de la surface accessible ait été balayée. Un des principaux éléments constitutifs du robot est un bras extensible qui s'appuie sur le robot et sur lequel sont placés des capteurs de contact et de distance. Lorsque le robot sert d'aspirateur automatique, un flux d'air est acheminé dans le bras du robot, l'effet nettoyant pouvant être renforcé par une ou plusieurs brosses circulaires rotatives à l'extrémité avant du bras. L'invention peut en particulier s'utiliser à des fins de nettoyage, à titre individuel ou dans le domaine industriel, en remplacement d'aspirateurs classiques.
EP99948679A 1998-07-31 1999-07-22 Robot menager pour aspiration automatique de la poussiere sur des sols Ceased EP1098587A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19836093 1998-07-31
DE19836093 1998-07-31
DE19916427 1999-04-07
DE19916427A DE19916427B4 (de) 1998-07-31 1999-04-07 Haushaltsroboter zum automatischen Staubsaugen von Bodenflächen
PCT/DE1999/002276 WO2000007492A1 (fr) 1998-07-31 1999-07-22 Robot menager pour aspiration automatique de la poussiere sur des sols

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1098587A1 true EP1098587A1 (fr) 2001-05-16

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EP99948679A Ceased EP1098587A1 (fr) 1998-07-31 1999-07-22 Robot menager pour aspiration automatique de la poussiere sur des sols

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US (1) US6370453B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1098587A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000007492A1 (fr)

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