EP1046809B1 - Dispositif de dosage d'un fluide - Google Patents

Dispositif de dosage d'un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1046809B1
EP1046809B1 EP00107401A EP00107401A EP1046809B1 EP 1046809 B1 EP1046809 B1 EP 1046809B1 EP 00107401 A EP00107401 A EP 00107401A EP 00107401 A EP00107401 A EP 00107401A EP 1046809 B1 EP1046809 B1 EP 1046809B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve needle
metering device
metal bellows
fluid metering
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00107401A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1046809A3 (fr
EP1046809A2 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Dr. Kappel
Bernhard Fischer
Bernhard Dr. Gottlieb
Randolf Dr. Mock
Eric Chemisky
Hans Prof. Meixner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1046809A2 publication Critical patent/EP1046809A2/fr
Publication of EP1046809A3 publication Critical patent/EP1046809A3/fr
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Publication of EP1046809B1 publication Critical patent/EP1046809B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0057—Means for avoiding fuel contact with valve actuator, e.g. isolating actuators by using bellows or diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Fluiddosiervoriques with the an in-housing, pressurized Fluid, either a liquid or a gas, in predetermined Quantities can be dispensed or injected. It is passed through the housing a valve needle, the outside of the housing is mechanically operated on the one hand and on the other hand represents an element of a valve.
  • O-rings and membrane seals such as metal beads o. ⁇ . Can be used.
  • these have the disadvantage of a very high pressure-loaded surface, which has a corresponding force introduction into the valve needle result. If a pressure area of 1 mm 2 is considered at a one-sided overpressure of, for example, 300 bar, then a force of 30 N results.
  • the use of diaphragms as lead-through element of a valve needle by a pressurized chamber can therefore meet the requirements for high axial compliance at the same time do not satisfy sufficient compressive strength. A high compressive strength inevitably leads to a correspondingly dimensioned membrane thickness, which in turn requires a high axial rigidity.
  • valve needle feedthrough can be similar to diesel injectors also by a clearance of the needle in a cylindrical Housing bore done.
  • the disadvantage here is the unavoidable leakage, along the needle feedthrough, the one Return line into the tank or to the low pressure connection of the Fuel pump required. Due to the higher hydraulic Losses will also increase the overall efficiency of the engine reduced.
  • a fluid metering device with a metal bag as leadthrough element is known for example from the publications JP 07 158534 A, DE 591 559 A and DE 41 41 274 A.
  • the object of the invention is a fluid metering device to make such that a hermetically sealed Carrying out a valve needle by one with a lower Pressure-filled fluid-filled chamber is ensured, wherein a feedthrough element to be used is not essential exerts pressure-dependent forces on the valve needle.
  • the invention is based on the exact understanding the behavior of a pressurized metal bellows.
  • the metal bellows on the two-sided attachment to the outside be transmitted. It is on by high pressure differences Both sides of the metal bladder go out, with the higher Pressure inside or outside the metal bellows can be.
  • the basic insight is, in particular, that the wall of the metal bellows even at low axial spring constant at a pressurization only small force changes at the ends of a bellows fastened on both sides leads.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment provides the radial Fixation of the valve needle by the firm connection of the metal bellows with the valve needle on the one hand and with the housing on the other hand.
  • In another embodiment of the invention provides the use a compression spring between the housing and valve needle for a reliable closing force acting on the valve.
  • the metal bellows may under certain circumstances partially rest on his leadership. A residual risk of a Buckling is thus reduced again.
  • metal bellows are achieved both with internal pressure as well as external pressure.
  • the dimensioning of the edge strength of the metal bellows in the area from 25 to 500 microns shows that small wall thickness at large pressures, such as 300 bar, are sufficient.
  • the metal bellows is advantageously fixed to the valve needle and connected to the housing.
  • joints For mounting the valve needle and the metal bellows in the housing, for example at a Injection valve with several nested ones Elements, joints must be freely accessible. This can advantageously by welded joints, For example, laser welding done.
  • the fluid metering device can be formed with valves be that open inward or outward.
  • the Construction of the metal bellows in relation to the rest Elements in particular for the impact-generating actuator is corresponding adapt.
  • the high-pressure injectors considered here are fuel-injected PFUEL operated up to, for example, 500 bar.
  • a stroke of the valve needle is extremely short and lies in the range from 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the housing is divided into the chamber 13, which is connected by means of a conduit bore 7, over the the fluid is supplied under pressure.
  • Such a fluid metering device or a hydraulic valve for dosing the Fluids thus separates a high pressure room from a room for example, may have ambient pressure.
  • the implementation the valve needle 3 through the housing 1, in particular through the chamber 13 and the actuator chamber 14 represents the core of Invention.
  • a lead-through element is a metal bellows 17 used.
  • the high-pressure injector shown in FIG. 1 has the injector housing 1 a valve seat 2 on.
  • the valve seat 2 is in Basic state by the second end 23 of the valve needle 3 connected valve disc 4 kept closed.
  • injection nozzle is formed by the tensioned Compression spring 5 ensures that with the valve needle 3 via a snap ring 6 is connected.
  • the fuel supply takes place through the attached in the housing 1 bore 7th
  • the drive unit formed from a piezoelectric multilayer actuator (PMA) 8 in low voltage technology, combined with a Bourdon tube 9, a top plate 10 and a base plate 11.
  • PMA piezoelectric multilayer actuator
  • Die Bourdon tube 9 is so with the top plate 10 and the base plate 11th welded, that the PMA 8 under a mechanical compression bias stands.
  • the housing 1 and the base plate 1 are also as stiff as possible connected by a weld.
  • the gap 12 serves on the one hand for setting defined force relationships in the valve seat and on the other hand to catch small differences in the thermal length changes.
  • the injector components are made of materials with low thermal expansion coefficients or made of different materials, in terms of their thermal Linear expansion coefficients so matched are that the constancy of the gap height approximately is guaranteed.
  • the perforated plate 15 To carry out the valve needle 3 from the fuel chamber 13 in the pressureless actuator chamber 14 is the perforated plate 15, which is welded to an inner bore 16 of the housing 1. Likewise, the perforated plate 15 also worked out of the housing 1 be. Between the first end 22 of the valve needle 3 and the perforated plate 15 is the cylindrical metal bellows 17th welded, which hermetically seals the fuel chamber 13 with respect to the actuator chamber 14 at the same time large axial compliance is used. In the one shown in FIG Configuration, the metal bellows 17 by the fuel pressure applied inside. However, it is also possible that Metal bellows 17 directed downwards between valve needle 3 (no longer at the needle end) and the perforated plate 15, this is applied externally by the fuel pressure would be as shown in Figure 2.
  • the actuator 8 in In this case, a piezoelectric actuator, via the electrical leads 18 charged, whereupon the PMA 8 expands and the valve plate 4 of the valve needle 3 lifts off from the valve seat 2 and Fluid or fuel exiting the injection valve.
  • the PMA 8 becomes electrical discharged.
  • the PMA 8 contracts again its original length and the valve needle 3 is through the biased strong return spring 5 moves back so far that the valve disk 4 rests sealingly in the valve seat 2 and the annular injection port is closed.
  • metal bellows fulfills suitably chosen Geometry in full all to a feedthrough element or sealing element requirements. These include, that the metal bellows a perfect, durable and reliable Sealing represents.
  • the metal bellows 17 holds what calculations and tests have shown, despite low wall thicknesses for example, 50 to 500 microns due to its high radial Stiffness very high pressures without irreversible to be deformed.
  • the specification of a wall thickness range is be interpreted that a metal bellows 17 not varying, but for the individual case a constant wall thickness having.
  • the metal bellows can with a sufficient number of waves at the same time the required high axial compliance, i.e. a possibly required low axial spring constant exhibit.
  • the diameter of the metal bellows 17 be coordinated accordingly. This will be different from the pressurized fluid on the valve needle 3 with Valve plate 4 acting compressive forces and those of the end face the metal bellows introduced into the valve needle 3 pressure-related Forces compensate each other so that no resulting Compressive force component acts on the valve needle 3. As a result, such an injector shows a fuel pressure almost completely independent switching behavior, since for the opening and closing forces only the piezoelectric actuator 8 and the force of the prestressed return spring 5 prevail are.
  • the metal bellows 17 has a wide due to the metallic material Working temperature range with consistent functions. Thermal length changes of the bellows themselves lead due to the low axial spring constant of the metal bellows only too negligible small force changes to the valve needle. 3 seen in the axial direction.
  • the metal bellows may be due its mechanical spring action in the axial direction the Return spring, the compression spring 5, partially or completely replace.
  • the metal bellows 17 is double-sided fastened with elements on which in the metal bellows by external Press transferred forces in the axial direction become.
  • a valve needle can be designed in such a way that a specifiable balance of forces is present. This realization could by simulation calculations and by experiments be proved ..
  • the bellows has a from semicircle segments joined together in longitudinal section existing geometry proved. Opposite a sinusoidal Waveform shows the semicircle segments existing wall lower mechanical stresses in the axial Direction at higher axial compliance on.
  • FIG. 2 shows a externally pressurized metal bellows within the system and FIG. 3 shows an internal pressure-loaded metal bellows 17.
  • the high-pressure injector according to FIGS. 2 and 3 has, for example, the following dimensions:
  • the diameter DN of the valve needle 3 is 3 mm and the diameter DS of the valve seat 2 is 4 mm.
  • On the valve needle 3 thus acts at a fuel pressure of 250 bar due to the resulting annular differential area AD of 5.5 mm 2 directed downwardly in the opening direction opening force FU with 137.5 N. Since the wall of the externa pressurized metal bellows 17 almost no forces on the Valve needle 3 transmits, can be selectively adjusted by the diameter of the metal bellows 17, ie by the diameter DP of the end plate 19, which is the connection between Metallbalgwandung and valve needle 3, the size of the upward acting compensation pressure forces and thus the upward compensation pressure force FO.
  • the valve seat force is completely drukkuntouch under these conditions and is determined exclusively by the height of the set biasing force FR of the return spring.
  • the diameter of the valve needle in the region of the metal bellows can be reduced.
  • An adaptation of the pressure-effective surfaces is not limited to cylindrical metal bellows, but can be done with appropriate design even in non-cylindrical formations.
  • Figure 3 shows the complementary to Figure 2 arrangement with top-oriented internal pressure-loaded metal bellows 17. Die cheaper embodiment results from the particular situation the welds, for reasons of reliability preferably be subjected to mechanical compressive stresses should.
  • a certain advantage is in the embodiment of FIG 2 the shorter length of the upward through the (compensation force FO) and downward (opening force FU) acting Compressive forces loaded area of the valve needle opposite Figure 3 is thereby slightly less stretched.
  • the return spring. 5 partly or completely replace. This results a considerable design simplification and cost savings. Is applied to an additional return spring (compression spring 5) not waived, this can reduce the height also housed inside or outside of the metal bellows 17 be.
  • cylindrical metal bellows 17 come also other types, e.g. conical bellows or bellows with of the circular shape deviating cross-sectional geometry in question.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Doseur de fluide pour un fluide sous pression, ledit doseur comportant :
    une chambre (13) située dans un boítier (1) et contenant le fluide sous pression,
    une aiguille de soupape (3) guidée à travers la chambre (13) et dont la première extrémité (22) peut être soumise, à l'extérieur de la chambre (13), à une course tandis que la deuxième extrémité (23) forme, avec un siège de soupape (2) positionné dans le boítier (1), une soupape reliée à la chambre (13), et
    un soufflet métallique (17) en tant qu'élément de passage assurant le passage de la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3) depuis l'extérieur jusque dans la chambre (13), la chambre (13) étant fermée de manière hermétiquement étanche à l'endroit du passage au moyen de l'assemblage entre la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3) et le boítier (1) réalisé grâce au soufflet métallique (17), caractérisé en ce que la force résultante génératrice de pression qui s'applique sur l'aiguille de soupape (3) et sur les éléments liés à celle-ci est réglée au moyen de surfaces réceptrices de pression sélectionnées au niveau du soufflet métallique (17) et au niveau de l'aiguille de soupape (3) de manière à ce que les forces génératrices de pression s'exerçant au niveau de l'aiguille de soupape (3) soient compensées de manière globale ou qu'une force de fermeture augmentant de manière proportionnelle à la pression s'applique au niveau de la soupape.
  2. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 1, l'aiguille de soupape (3) étant fixée dans sa position angulaire radiale grâce à l'assemblage reliant le soufflet métallique (17), d'un côté, à l'aiguille de soupape (3) et, de l'autre côté, au boítier (1).
  3. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 1, un ressort de compression (5) étant prévu en complément entre le boítier (1) et l'aiguille de soupape (3) afin d'appliquer une force de fermeture prédéterminable.
  4. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le soufflet métallique (17) étant de forme cylindrique.
  5. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'aiguille de soupape (3) ou une douille extérieure constituant un guide pour le soufflet métallique (17).
  6. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le soufflet métallique (17) étant mis en pression de l'intérieur ou de l'extérieur.
  7. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le soufflet métallique présentant une épaisseur de paroi comprise entre 25 et 500 µm.
  8. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le soufflet métallique (17) étant représenté, en coupe longitudinale, par des segments demi-circulaires mis bout à bout.
  9. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 8, des éléments droits étant disposés respectivement entre les segments demi-circulaires.
  10. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le soufflet métallique (17) étant assemblé par des soudures (20) directement ou indirectement, d'un côté, au boítier (1) et, de l'autre côté, à la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3).
  11. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 10, les soudures étant des soudures au laser.
  12. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, une plaque frontale (19) étant prévue entre la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3) et le soufflet métallique (17).
  13. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12, le diamètre du soufflet métallique (17) étant déterminé en relation avec le diamètre de la plaque frontale (19) de telle sorte que des forces génératrices de pression s'exerçant sur l'aiguille de soupape (3) soient compensées de manière globale, ou qu'une force de fermeture augmentant de manière proportionnelle à la pression s'applique sur la soupape.
  14. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la pression du carburant (PFUEL) étant comprise entre 1 et 500 bars.
  15. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes destiné à être utilisé avec des injecteurs ouvrant vers l'extérieur.
  16. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3) pouvant être soumise à une course par un actionneur (8) relié de manière fixe au boítier (1).
  17. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 16, l'actionneur (8) étant un actionneur piézoélectrique en précontrainte dans un tube-ressort (9) qui, à l'état de repos, est séparé de la première extrémité (22) de l'aiguille de soupape (3) par un interstice (12) de largeur prédéfinie.
  18. Doseur de fluide selon la revendication 16, l'actionneur (8) étant un électroaimant.
  19. Doseur de fluide selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la course de l'aiguille de soupape étant limitée par des butées.
EP00107401A 1999-04-20 2000-04-05 Dispositif de dosage d'un fluide Expired - Lifetime EP1046809B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19917839 1999-04-20
DE19917839 1999-04-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1046809A2 EP1046809A2 (fr) 2000-10-25
EP1046809A3 EP1046809A3 (fr) 2003-06-18
EP1046809B1 true EP1046809B1 (fr) 2005-08-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00107401A Expired - Lifetime EP1046809B1 (fr) 1999-04-20 2000-04-05 Dispositif de dosage d'un fluide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6311950B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1046809B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50010902D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2308602A2 (fr) 2009-10-06 2011-04-13 Nordson Corporation Module distributeur de liquide

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EP1445480B1 (fr) 2003-02-04 2006-04-26 Siemens VDO Automotive S.p.A. Dispositif de dosage avec joint d'étanchéité dynamique
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EP1046809A2 (fr) 2000-10-25
DE50010902D1 (de) 2005-09-15
US6311950B1 (en) 2001-11-06

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