EP0954368A1 - Method and installation for eliminating gaseous organic substances in the air - Google Patents

Method and installation for eliminating gaseous organic substances in the air

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Publication number
EP0954368A1
EP0954368A1 EP98946226A EP98946226A EP0954368A1 EP 0954368 A1 EP0954368 A1 EP 0954368A1 EP 98946226 A EP98946226 A EP 98946226A EP 98946226 A EP98946226 A EP 98946226A EP 0954368 A1 EP0954368 A1 EP 0954368A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adsorber
adsorbent
microwave
air
organic substances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98946226A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Ertl
Johann Göbel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Publication of EP0954368A1 publication Critical patent/EP0954368A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3408—Regenerating or reactivating of aluminosilicate molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3441—Regeneration or reactivation by electric current, ultrasound or irradiation, e.g. electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, UV, light, microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/06—Filtering
    • B60H3/0608—Filter arrangements in the air stream
    • B60H3/0633—Filter arrangements in the air stream with provisions for regenerating or cleaning the filter element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • F24F8/158—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using active carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/90—Cleaning of purification apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40077—Direction of flow
    • B01D2259/40081—Counter-current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
    • B01D2259/4009—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating using hot gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
    • B01D2259/40094—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by applying microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B01D2259/4575—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means in aeroplanes or space ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/06—Filtering
    • B60H2003/0691—Adsorption filters, e.g. activated carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0651—Environmental Control Systems comprising filters, e.g. dust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • F24F8/167—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using catalytic reactions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing gaseous organic substances from the air with an adsorbent in an adsorber, in which the adsorbent is regenerated by microwaves. It also relates to an installation for carrying out the method and the use of this installation.
  • the desorption of regeneratively operated adsorption plants is usually carried out in the art with hot gas or steam vapor desorption. Since the energy input is coupled to the volume flow, it is only possible to concentrate the desorbate to a limited extent.
  • the efficiency is particularly low for hot gas desorption, since the heat capacity of the air is low and the heat transfer between air and adsorbent is unfavorable. With decreasing pollutant concentration, the energy requirement per separated pollutant quantity increases. An energetically justifiable operation of such a system is therefore only possible to a limited extent.
  • polar molecules especially water, absorb microwaves, it is known to water, but also others evaporate polar organic compounds, such as alcohols adsorbed on an adsorbent, with a microwave generator to regenerate the adsorbent.
  • non-polar organic compounds cannot be removed in this way.
  • the air also contains a number of non-polar or less polar organic pollutants, which are adsorbed by the adsorbent and must therefore be desorbed again during regeneration.
  • nonpolar organic compounds in the air are alkanes or other aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example benzene.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an effective, energetically favorable method for removing gaseous organic substances from the air.
  • the adsorbed organic substances for the regeneration of the adsorbent are desorbed by irradiation with microwave energy.
  • the energy input occurs either by direct excitation of the adsorbate (especially in the case of polar compounds such as water, ethanol or aldehydes) and / or by the adsorbent absorbing microwaves.
  • the microwave-absorbing adsorbent itself is heated in the latter case, so that non-polar or slightly polar organic compounds are also evaporated, that is, desorbed.
  • Zeolites in particular have proven to be suitable as adsorbents for air purification, namely hydrophobic zeolites, ie zeolites with a high silicon / aluminum molar ratio, while hydrophilic zeolites with a low silicon / aluminum molar ratio preferentially adsorb water and thus only a low adsorption capacity for the organic pollutants contained in the air, i.e. unsuitable for air purification.
  • the microwave excitability of a zeolitic adsorbent is due to the ion conductivity of the exchangeable cations in zeolite.
  • the ionic conductivity arises from the change of location of the relatively mobile cations in the zeolite lattice.
  • the ion conductivity can be influenced, among other things, by the choice of the cations, the aluminum content of the lattice (module), the lattice type and the water content. Since the dipole character of the zeolite lattice also depends on the ionic conductivity. hangs, the microwave excitability of the zeolite can be specifically adjusted in this way.
  • hydrophobic zeolites are suitable as adsorbents, but do not have sufficient microwave adsorption capacity. As has been shown, however, the microwave adsorption capacity of hydrophobic zeolites can be increased.
  • the silicon / aluminum ratio of hydrophobic zeolites is to lower the silicon / aluminum ratio of hydrophobic zeolites.
  • a commercially available hydrophobic zeolite has a silicon / aluminum ratio of approximately 100
  • a commercially available hydrophilic zeolite has a silicon / aluminum ratio of approximately 1.
  • the silicon / aluminum molar ratio of the zeolite should be at least 10, preferably at least 30 and less than 100, preferably at most 90, in order to obtain zeolites which on the one hand absorb microwaves and on the other hand are suitable as adsorbents.
  • a commercially available hydrophilic zeolite can be treated with water vapor or a commercially available hydrophobic zeolite with silicon tetrachloride in order to remove the aluminum or replace it with silicon.
  • the adsorbent loaded with the pollutants can, if it has sufficient microwave absorption capacity, be heated according to the invention directly by microwave excitation. It is but according to the invention it is also possible to use an adsorbent which itself does not have sufficient microwave absorption capacity, provided that there is a further solid in the adsorber, which in turn has a high microwave adsorption capacity and thus heats the adsorbent to a temperature which is sufficient to desorb the organic substances.
  • the microwave absorbing solid can be, for example, a hydrophilic zeolite, activated carbon, a polymer or the like.
  • the adsorbent can be mixed with the microwave absorbing solid.
  • the adsorber can be filled with a mixture of a (microwave-insensitive) hydrophobic zeolite and a hydrophilic zeolite as a microwave-absorbing solid.
  • the weight ratio of the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic zeolite in such a mixture is preferably 1:10 to 1:30.
  • the water adsorbed from the ambient air can be excited very selectively by microwave energy.
  • the water content of the loaded adsorbent can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of different zeolites (zeolite types, hydrophilic-hydrophobic). As a result, the energy input or the temperature level to be achieved can be set. Similar to hot water vapor desorption, the desorbed water displaces the non-polar substances, which cannot be directly excited by microwave energy, in the sense of displacement desorption.
  • the energy is generated quickly and with the method according to the invention high efficiency for desorption. This enables fast and low-loss desorption.
  • the frequency used for microwave desorption can be, for example, in the range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz; it is preferably 2.45 GHz.
  • the desorption air in contrast to hot gas desorption, for example, is not a heat energy carrier. It can therefore be used in a relatively small amount. As a result, the desorbate is present in a high concentration and can therefore be favorably subjected to catalytic oxidation in terms of energy.
  • the oxidation catalyst with which the adsorbed organic substances are oxidized can either be added directly to the adsorbent or the organic substances can be desorbed and oxidized in a catalyst separated from the adsorber.
  • the organic substances are burned to carbon dioxide and water by the desorption air on the oxidation catalyst.
  • the desorption air with the oxidized organic substances is therefore preferably returned to the adsorber in the circuit for desorption.
  • the heat of combustion and the energy from convection from the adsorber into the desorption air is thus returned to desorption (heat recovery).
  • the oxidation catalyst can be platinum or a platinum group metal, for example.
  • the zeolite or the other adsorbent may contain platinum in the oxidation state 0 (metallic clusters). Platinum or the other oxidation catalyst also leads to a strong increase in the microwave absorption capacity of the adsorbent.
  • the method according to the invention and the system according to the invention is intended in particular for cleaning the air in rooms used by people, in particular for cleaning air in the interior of motor vehicles, including airplanes, furthermore in buildings or shelters, and also for protecting contaminated outside air.
  • a prefilter for particle separation is preferably used to pre-clean the air flow to be cleaned.
  • the contamination of ventilation systems represents a not insignificant health risk.
  • biological materials on the adsorbent reduce the adsorption performance.
  • the microwave energy for irradiating the prefilter can originate from the microwave generator for irradiating the absorber, or a separate microwave generator can be used for irradiating the prefilter.
  • the system then consists of an adsorber 1, a microwave unit 2 arranged on the adsorber 1 and a catalyst 3 arranged separately from the adsorber 1.
  • the adsorber 1 is designed as a cylindrical body which has circular segment-shaped connections 5 and 8 or 6 and 7 on both sides.
  • the adsorber 1 consists of sectors 9, which are separated from one another by radially extending partition walls 16.
  • the adsorber 1 is rotatable about a cylinder axis 4 in the direction of the arrow 10. In this way, the sectors 9 are connected in succession to the connections 5 and 6 or 7 and 8.
  • the opposing connections 5 and 6 serve for the passage of the air to be cleaned through the adsorber 1, that is for the entry of the air to be cleaned into or out of the adsorber 1, as shown by the arrows 20 and 21.
  • the opposing connections 7 and 8 serve for the passage of the desorption air through the adsorber 1, that is to say for entry into and exit from the adsorber 1, as shown by the arrows 22 and 23.
  • connections 5 to 8 and the adsorber 1 must be arranged rotatably relative to one another about the cylinder axis 4 The drawing shown, it is also possible to make the connections rotating and the adsorber 1 stationary.
  • the catalyst 3 is connected via a line, which is illustrated by the arrow 23, to the outlet 8 for the desorption air.
  • the organic substances oxidized to water and carbon dioxide in the catalyst 3 are fed back to the adsorber 1 with the desorption air with a blower 12 via the line 13.
  • the desorption air circulated can be fed to the desorption air line represented by the arrow 22 or, as shown in the drawing, to a further segment-shaped connection 15 on the side of the adsorber 1, on which the connection 7 for the inflowing desorption air 22 is also arranged.
  • the connection 15 is provided next to the connection 7, namely in the direction of rotation 10 of the adsorber 1 before the connection 7.
  • the blower 12 can be omitted.
  • the microwave unit 2 is designed to emit the microwave onto the sector 9 of the cylindrical adsorber 1, which connects the connections 7 and 8 for the passage of the desorption air.
  • the microwave unit 2 can have an antenna 17 extending along the outside along the adsorber 1 with a reflector 16.
  • the microwave generator 14 is arranged on the reflector 16.
  • Another reflector 19 can be provided in the area of the axis of rotation 4 within the cylindrical adsorber 1. The volume portions of the oxidized desorbate discharged can be supplied to the cleaned air 21.
  • the desorption air 22, 23 is guided in counterflow to the air 20, 21 to be cleaned.
  • the microwave unit 2 can also be designed to be rotatable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

An installation comprising an adsorber (1), a microwave unit (2) arranged on the adsorber and a catalytic converter (3) for oxidizing the desorbed organic substances is used to eliminate gaseous organic substances in the air.

Description

Verfahren und Anlage zur Entfernung gasförmiger organischer Stoffe aus der Luft Process and plant for removing gaseous organic substances from the air
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Entfernung gasförmiger organischer Stoffe aus der Luft mit einem Adsorptionsmittel in einem Adsorber, bei dem das Adsorptionsmittel durch Mikrowellen regeneriert wird. Sie hat auch eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie die Verwendung dieser Anlage zum Gegenstand.The invention relates to a method for removing gaseous organic substances from the air with an adsorbent in an adsorber, in which the adsorbent is regenerated by microwaves. It also relates to an installation for carrying out the method and the use of this installation.
Die Desorption regenerativ betriebener Adsorptionsanlagen wird in der Technik üblicherweise mit Heißgas- oder asserdampf-Desorption durchgeführt. Da hierbei der Energieeintrag mit dem Volumenstrom gekoppelt ist, ist eine Aufkonzentration des Desorbats nur eingeschränkt möglich. Besonders bei der Heißgasdesorption ist der Wirkungsgrad gering, da die Wärmekapazität der Luft gering ist und die Wärmeübertragung zwischen Luft und Adsorptionsmittel ungünstig ist. Mit sinkender Schadstoffkonzentration steigt der Energiebedarf pro abgetrennter Schadstoffmenge. Ein energetisch vertretbarer Betrieb einer solchen Anlage ist daher nur bedingt möglich.The desorption of regeneratively operated adsorption plants is usually carried out in the art with hot gas or steam vapor desorption. Since the energy input is coupled to the volume flow, it is only possible to concentrate the desorbate to a limited extent. The efficiency is particularly low for hot gas desorption, since the heat capacity of the air is low and the heat transfer between air and adsorbent is unfavorable. With decreasing pollutant concentration, the energy requirement per separated pollutant quantity increases. An energetically justifiable operation of such a system is therefore only possible to a limited extent.
Durch die hohe Verdünnung der Schadstoffe in der Heiß- gas-Desorptionsluft erfordert die Entsorgung des Desorbats einen weiteren Energieaufwand, beispielsweise durch einen Brenner.Due to the high dilution of the pollutants in the hot gas desorption air, the disposal of the desorbate requires a further expenditure of energy, for example by a burner.
Da polare Moleküle, insbesondere Wasser, Mikrowellen absorbieren, ist es bekannt, Wasser, aber auch andere polare organische Verbindungen, wie Alkohole, die an ein Adsorptionsmittel adsorbiert sind, mit einem Mikrowellen-Generator zu verdampfen, um das Adsorptionsmittel zu regenerieren.Since polar molecules, especially water, absorb microwaves, it is known to water, but also others evaporate polar organic compounds, such as alcohols adsorbed on an adsorbent, with a microwave generator to regenerate the adsorbent.
Weniger polare oder gar unpolare organische Verbindungen können auf diese Weise jedoch nicht entfernt werden. In der Luft ist πedoch auch eine Reihe unpolarer oder wenig polarer organischer Schadstoffe enthalten, die durch das Adsorptionsmittel adsorbiert werden und damit bei der Regeneration wieder desorbiert werden müssen. Als nichtpolare organische Verbindungen in der Luft sind beispielsweise Alkane oder andere aliphati- sche Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise Benzol, zu nennen.However, less polar or even non-polar organic compounds cannot be removed in this way. However, the air also contains a number of non-polar or less polar organic pollutants, which are adsorbed by the adsorbent and must therefore be desorbed again during regeneration. Examples of nonpolar organic compounds in the air are alkanes or other aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example benzene.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein wirksames, energetisch gunstiges Verfahren zur Entfernung gasformiger organischer Stoffe aus der Luft bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide an effective, energetically favorable method for removing gaseous organic substances from the air.
Dies wird erfmdungsgemaß mit dem im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Verfahren erreicht. In den Ansprüchen 2 bis 10 sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfmdungsge- maßen Verfahrens wiedergegeben. Im Anspruch 11 ist eine bevorzugte Anlage zur Durchfuhrung des erflndungsgema- ßen Verfahrens gekennzeichnet, die durch die Maßnahmen der Ansprüche 12 bis 17 m vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltet wird. Im Anspruch 18 ist eine bevorzugte Anwendung des erfmdungsgemaßen Verfahrens bzw. eine bevorzugte Verwendung der erfmdungsgemaßen Anlage angegeben. Erfindungsgemäß werden die adsorbierten organischen Stoffe zur Regeneration des Adsorptionsmittels durch Einstrahlung von Mikrowellen-Energie desorbiert. Dabei erfolgt der Energieeintrag entweder durch direkte Anregung des Adsorbats (besonders bei polaren Verbindungen, wie Wasser, Ethanol oder Aldehyde) und/oder dadurch, dass das Adsorptionsmittel Mikrowellen absorbiert. Im Gegensatz zur Desorption polarer Verbindungen wird im letzteren Fall das mikrowellenabsorbierende Adsorptionsmittel selbst aufgeheizt, so dass auch unpolare oder wenig polare organische Verbindungen verdampft, also desorbiert werden.This is achieved according to the invention with the method characterized in claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are given in claims 2 to 10. In claim 11, a preferred system for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized, which is advantageously further developed by the measures of claims 12 to 17 m. Claim 18 specifies a preferred application of the method according to the invention or a preferred use of the system according to the invention. According to the invention, the adsorbed organic substances for the regeneration of the adsorbent are desorbed by irradiation with microwave energy. The energy input occurs either by direct excitation of the adsorbate (especially in the case of polar compounds such as water, ethanol or aldehydes) and / or by the adsorbent absorbing microwaves. In contrast to the desorption of polar compounds, the microwave-absorbing adsorbent itself is heated in the latter case, so that non-polar or slightly polar organic compounds are also evaporated, that is, desorbed.
Als Adsorptionsmittel zur Luftreinigung haben sich insbesondere Zeolithe als geeignet erwiesen und zwar hydrophobe Zeolithe, also Zeolithe mit einem hohen Sili- cium/Aluminium-Molverhältnis, während hydrophile Zeolithe mit einem niedrigen Silicium/Aluminium- Molverhältnis bevorzugt Wasser adsorbieren und damit nur noch eine geringe Adsorptionskapazität für die in der Luft enthaltenen organischen Schadstoffe besitzen, also zur Luftreinigung ungeeignet sind.Zeolites in particular have proven to be suitable as adsorbents for air purification, namely hydrophobic zeolites, ie zeolites with a high silicon / aluminum molar ratio, while hydrophilic zeolites with a low silicon / aluminum molar ratio preferentially adsorb water and thus only a low adsorption capacity for the organic pollutants contained in the air, i.e. unsuitable for air purification.
Die Mikrowellenanregbarkeit eines zeolithischen Adsorptionsmittels ist durch die Ionenleitfähigkeit der austauschbaren Kationen in Zeolith bedingt. Die Ionenleitfähigkeit entsteht durch Platzwechsel der relativ beweglichen Kationen im Zeolthgitter . Die Ionenleitfähigkeit kann u.a. durch die Wahl die Kations, den Aluminiumgehalts des Gitters (Modul) , den Gittertyp und den Wassergehalt beeinflußt werden. Da auch der Dipolkarak- ter des Zeolithgitters von der Ionenleitfähigkeit ab- hängt, kann auf diese Weise die Mikrowellenanregbarkeit des Zeolith gezielt eingestellt werden.The microwave excitability of a zeolitic adsorbent is due to the ion conductivity of the exchangeable cations in zeolite. The ionic conductivity arises from the change of location of the relatively mobile cations in the zeolite lattice. The ion conductivity can be influenced, among other things, by the choice of the cations, the aluminum content of the lattice (module), the lattice type and the water content. Since the dipole character of the zeolite lattice also depends on the ionic conductivity. hangs, the microwave excitability of the zeolite can be specifically adjusted in this way.
Die bekannten hydrophoben Zeolithe eignen sich zwar als Adsorptionsmittel, besitzen jedoch keine ausreichende Mikrowellen-Adsorptionsfähigkeit. Wie sich gezeigt hat, läßt sich die Mikrowellenadsorptionsfähigkeit hydrophober Zeolithe jedoch erhöhen.The known hydrophobic zeolites are suitable as adsorbents, but do not have sufficient microwave adsorption capacity. As has been shown, however, the microwave adsorption capacity of hydrophobic zeolites can be increased.
Eine Möglichkeit dazu besteht darin, das Silicium/Aluminium-Verhältnis hydrophober Zeolithe herabzusetzen. Beispielsweise weist ein im Handel erhältlicher hydrophober Zeolith ein Silicium/Aluminium-Verhältnis von ca. 100 auf, während ein im Handel erhältlicher hy- dropiler Zeolith ein Silicium/Aluminium-Verhältnis von etwa 1 besitzt. Demgemäß sollte das Silicium/Aluminium- Molverhältnis des Zeolith mindestens 10 vorzugsweise mindestens 30 und weniger als 100, vorzugsweise höchstens 90 betragen, um Zeolithe zu erhalten, die einerseits Mikrowellen absorbieren und andererseits als Adsorptionsmittel geeignet sind.One way to do this is to lower the silicon / aluminum ratio of hydrophobic zeolites. For example, a commercially available hydrophobic zeolite has a silicon / aluminum ratio of approximately 100, while a commercially available hydrophilic zeolite has a silicon / aluminum ratio of approximately 1. Accordingly, the silicon / aluminum molar ratio of the zeolite should be at least 10, preferably at least 30 and less than 100, preferably at most 90, in order to obtain zeolites which on the one hand absorb microwaves and on the other hand are suitable as adsorbents.
Zur Einstellung eines solchen Silicium/Aluminium- Molverhältnisses kann z.B. ein handelsüblicher hydrophiler Zeolith mit Wasserdampf oder ein handelsüblicher hydrophober Zeolith mit Siliciumtetrachlorid behandelt werden, um das Aluminium herauszulösen bzw. gegen Sili- cium auszutauschen.To set such a silicon / aluminum molar ratio, e.g. A commercially available hydrophilic zeolite can be treated with water vapor or a commercially available hydrophobic zeolite with silicon tetrachloride in order to remove the aluminum or replace it with silicon.
Das mit den Schadstoffen beladene Adsorptionsmittel kann also, wenn es eine hinreichende Mikrowellen- Absorptionsfähigkeit besitzt, erfindungsgemäß direkt durch Mikrowellen-Anregung erwärmt werden. Es ist je- doch erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, ein Adsorptionsmittel einzusetzen, das selbst keine ausreichende Mikrowellen-Absorptionsfähigkeit besitzt, sofern ein weiterer Feststoff in dem Adsorber vorliegt, der seinerseits eine hohe Mikrowellen-Adsorptionsfähigkeit aufweist und damit das Adsorptionsmittel auf eine zur Desorption der organischen Stoffe ausreichende Temperatur aufheizt. Der mikrowellenabsorbierende Feststoff kann z.B. ein hydrophiler Zeolith, Aktivkohle, ein Polymeres oder dgl. sein.The adsorbent loaded with the pollutants can, if it has sufficient microwave absorption capacity, be heated according to the invention directly by microwave excitation. It is but according to the invention it is also possible to use an adsorbent which itself does not have sufficient microwave absorption capacity, provided that there is a further solid in the adsorber, which in turn has a high microwave adsorption capacity and thus heats the adsorbent to a temperature which is sufficient to desorb the organic substances. The microwave absorbing solid can be, for example, a hydrophilic zeolite, activated carbon, a polymer or the like.
Das Adsorptionsmittel kann mit dem mikrowellenabsorbierenden Feststoff im Gemisch vorliegen. Beispielsweise kann der Adsorber mit einem Gemisch aus einem (mikro- wellen-insensitiven) hydrophoben Zeolith und einem hydrophilen Zeolith als mikrowellenabsorbierendem Feststoff gefüllt sein. Das Gewichtsverhältnis des hydrophilen zu dem hydrophoben Zeolith in einem solchen Gemisch beträgt vorzugsweise 1:10 bis 1:30.The adsorbent can be mixed with the microwave absorbing solid. For example, the adsorber can be filled with a mixture of a (microwave-insensitive) hydrophobic zeolite and a hydrophilic zeolite as a microwave-absorbing solid. The weight ratio of the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic zeolite in such a mixture is preferably 1:10 to 1:30.
Das aus der Umgebungsluft adsorbierte Wasser kann durch Mikrowellenenergie sehr selektiv angeregt werden. Der Wassergehalt des beladenen Adsorbens kann durch das Mischungsverhältnis verschiedener Zeolithe (Zeolith- Typen, hydrophil-hydrophob) eingestellt werden. Dadurch ist der Energieeintrag bzw. das zu erreichende Temperaturniveau einstellbar. Das desorbierte Wasser verdrängt ähnlich wie bei der Heiß-Wasserdampf-Desorption im Sinne einer Verdrängungsdesorption die unpolaren, durch Mikrowellenenergie nicht direkt anregbaren Stoffe.The water adsorbed from the ambient air can be excited very selectively by microwave energy. The water content of the loaded adsorbent can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of different zeolites (zeolite types, hydrophilic-hydrophobic). As a result, the energy input or the temperature level to be achieved can be set. Similar to hot water vapor desorption, the desorbed water displaces the non-polar substances, which cannot be directly excited by microwave energy, in the sense of displacement desorption.
Durch die Verwendung von Mikrowellen wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Energie schnell und mit hohem Wirkungsgrad für die Desorption zum Einsatz gebracht. Damit ist eine schnelle und verlustarme Desorption möglich.Through the use of microwaves, the energy is generated quickly and with the method according to the invention high efficiency for desorption. This enables fast and low-loss desorption.
Die zur Mikrowellendesorption eingesetzte Frequenz kann beispielsweise im Bereich von 100 MHz bis 10 GHz liegen; vorzugsweise liegt sie bei 2,45 GHz.The frequency used for microwave desorption can be, for example, in the range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz; it is preferably 2.45 GHz.
Bei dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren stellt die Desorp- tionsluft beispielsweise im Gegensatz zur Heißgas- Desorption keinen Warmeenergietrager dar. Sie kann daher in relativ geringer Menge eingesetzt werden. Demzufolge liegt das Desorbat m einer hohen Konzentration vor und kann daher energetisch gunstig einer katalyti- schen Oxydation zugeführt werden.In the method according to the invention, in contrast to hot gas desorption, for example, the desorption air is not a heat energy carrier. It can therefore be used in a relatively small amount. As a result, the desorbate is present in a high concentration and can therefore be favorably subjected to catalytic oxidation in terms of energy.
Bei dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren kann der Oxidati- onskatalysator, mit dem die adsorbierten organischen Stoffe oxidiert werden, dem Adsorptionsmittel entweder direkt zugesetzt werden oder die organischen Stoffe können desorbiert und m einem vom Adsorber getrennten Katalysator oxidiert werden.In the process according to the invention, the oxidation catalyst with which the adsorbed organic substances are oxidized can either be added directly to the adsorbent or the organic substances can be desorbed and oxidized in a catalyst separated from the adsorber.
Die organischen Stoffe werden durch die Desorptionsluft an dem Oxidationskatalysator zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser verbrannt. Die Desorptionsluft mit den oxidierten organischen Stoffen wird daher vorzugsweise dem Adsorber im Kreislauf zur Desorption wieder zugeführt. Die Verbrennungswarme und die durch die Konvektion aus dem Adsorber in die Desorptionsluft gelangte Energie wird damit wieder der Desorption zugeführt (Warmeruckgewinnung) . Der Oxidationskatalysator kann beispielsweise Platin oder ein Metall der Platingruppe sein. Beispielsweise kann, wenn die Oxidation der organischen Stoffe bei der Regenerierung des Adsorbers im Adsorber erfolgt, der Zeolith oder das sonstige Adsorptionsmittel Platin in der Oxidationsstufe 0 (metallische Cluster) enthalten. Platin oder der sonstige Oxidationskatalysator führt zudem zu einer starken Erhöhung der Mikrowellen- Absorptionsfähigkeit des Adsorptionsmittels.The organic substances are burned to carbon dioxide and water by the desorption air on the oxidation catalyst. The desorption air with the oxidized organic substances is therefore preferably returned to the adsorber in the circuit for desorption. The heat of combustion and the energy from convection from the adsorber into the desorption air is thus returned to desorption (heat recovery). The oxidation catalyst can be platinum or a platinum group metal, for example. For example, if the oxidation of the organic substances occurs in the regeneration of the adsorber in the adsorber, the zeolite or the other adsorbent may contain platinum in the oxidation state 0 (metallic clusters). Platinum or the other oxidation catalyst also leads to a strong increase in the microwave absorption capacity of the adsorbent.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Anlage ist insbesondere zur Reinigung der Luft in von Personen benutzten Räumen bestimmt, insbesondere zur Reinigung von Luft im Innenraum von Kraftfahrzeugen, einschließlich Flugzeugen, ferner in Gebäuden oder Schutzräumen, auch zum Schutz von kontaminierter Außenluft.The method according to the invention and the system according to the invention is intended in particular for cleaning the air in rooms used by people, in particular for cleaning air in the interior of motor vehicles, including airplanes, furthermore in buildings or shelters, and also for protecting contaminated outside air.
Zur Vorreinigung des zu reinigenden Luftstromes wird vorzugsweise ein Vorfilter zur Partikelabtrennung eingesetzt. Das Verkeimen von lufttechnischen Anlagen stellt ein nicht unerhebliches Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Gleichzeitig wird durch biologische Materialien auf dem Adsorptionsmittel die Adsorptionsleistung reduziert. Durch Bestrahlung des Vorfilters zur Partikelabtrennung mit Mikrowellenenergie wird eine Verkeimung wirkungsvoll verhindert. Die Mikrowellenenergie zur Bestrahlung des Vorfilters kann dabei von dem Mikrowellengenerator zur Bestrahlung des Absorbers stammen, oder es kann zur Bestrahlung des Vorfilters ein separater Mikrowellengenerator eingesetzt werden. Nachstehend ist eine Ausfuhrungsform der erfindungsgemaßen Anlage anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, deren einzige Figur eine schematische Ansicht der Anlage zeigt .A prefilter for particle separation is preferably used to pre-clean the air flow to be cleaned. The contamination of ventilation systems represents a not insignificant health risk. At the same time, biological materials on the adsorbent reduce the adsorption performance. By irradiating the pre-filter for particle separation with microwave energy, contamination is effectively prevented. The microwave energy for irradiating the prefilter can originate from the microwave generator for irradiating the absorber, or a separate microwave generator can be used for irradiating the prefilter. An embodiment of the system according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, the only figure of which shows a schematic view of the system.
Die Anlage besteht danach aus einem Adsorber 1, einer am Adsorber 1 angeordneten Mikrowelleneinheit 2 und einem vom Adsorber 1 getrennt angeordneten Katalysator 3.The system then consists of an adsorber 1, a microwave unit 2 arranged on the adsorber 1 and a catalyst 3 arranged separately from the adsorber 1.
Der Adsorber 1 ist als zylindrischer Korper ausgebildet, der auf beiden Seiten kreissegmentformige Anschlüsse 5 und 8 bzw. 6 und 7 aufweist.The adsorber 1 is designed as a cylindrical body which has circular segment-shaped connections 5 and 8 or 6 and 7 on both sides.
Der Adsorber 1 besteht aus Sektoren 9, die durch sich radial erstreckende Trennwände 16 voneinander getrennt sind. Der Adsorber 1 ist um eine Zylinderachse 4 in Richtung des Pfeiles 10 drehbar. Auf diese Weise werden die Sektoren 9 nacheinander mit den Anschlüssen 5 und 6 bzw. 7 und 8 verbunden.The adsorber 1 consists of sectors 9, which are separated from one another by radially extending partition walls 16. The adsorber 1 is rotatable about a cylinder axis 4 in the direction of the arrow 10. In this way, the sectors 9 are connected in succession to the connections 5 and 6 or 7 and 8.
Die einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüsse 5 und 6 dienen zum Durchtritt der zu reinigenden Luft durch den Adsorber 1, also zum Eintritt der zu reinigenden Luft in bzw. aus dem Adsorber 1, wie durch die Pfeile 20 und 21 dargestellt. Die einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüsse 7 und 8 dienen zum Durchtritt der Desorptions- luft durch den Adsorber 1, also zum Eintritt in und zum Austritt aus dem Adsorber 1, wie durch die Pfeile 22 und 23 dargestellt.The opposing connections 5 and 6 serve for the passage of the air to be cleaned through the adsorber 1, that is for the entry of the air to be cleaned into or out of the adsorber 1, as shown by the arrows 20 and 21. The opposing connections 7 and 8 serve for the passage of the desorption air through the adsorber 1, that is to say for entry into and exit from the adsorber 1, as shown by the arrows 22 and 23.
Die Anschlüsse 5 bis 8 und der Adsorber 1 müssen relativ zueinander um die Zylinderachse 4 drehbar angeordnet se n. Das heißt, anstelle des Adsorbers 1, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, ist es auch möglich, die Anschlüsse rotierend und den Adsorber 1 feststehend auszubilden.The connections 5 to 8 and the adsorber 1 must be arranged rotatably relative to one another about the cylinder axis 4 The drawing shown, it is also possible to make the connections rotating and the adsorber 1 stationary.
Der Katalysator 3 ist über eine Leitung, die durch den Pfeil 23 veranschaulicht ist, mit dem Austritt 8 für die Desorptionsluft verbunden. Die in dem Katalysator 3 zu Wasser und Kohlendioxid oxidierten organischen Stoffe werden mit der Desorptionsluft mit einem Geblase 12 über die Leitung 13 dem Adsorber 1 wieder zugeführt.The catalyst 3 is connected via a line, which is illustrated by the arrow 23, to the outlet 8 for the desorption air. The organic substances oxidized to water and carbon dioxide in the catalyst 3 are fed back to the adsorber 1 with the desorption air with a blower 12 via the line 13.
Die im Kreislauf geführte Desorptionsluft kann dazu der durch den Pfeil 22 dargestellten Desorptionsluftleitung zugeführt werden oder, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, einem weiteren segmentformigen Anschluss 15 an der Seite des Adsorbers 1, an der auch der Anschluss 7 für die einströmende Desorptionsluft 22 angeordnet ist. Der Anschluss 15 ist neben dem Anschluss 7 vorgesehen, und zwar in Rotationsrichtung 10 des Adsorbers 1 vor dem Anschluss 7. Bei Zufuhr des Kreislaufgases in den separaten Anschluss 15 kann das Geblase 12 entfallen.For this purpose, the desorption air circulated can be fed to the desorption air line represented by the arrow 22 or, as shown in the drawing, to a further segment-shaped connection 15 on the side of the adsorber 1, on which the connection 7 for the inflowing desorption air 22 is also arranged. The connection 15 is provided next to the connection 7, namely in the direction of rotation 10 of the adsorber 1 before the connection 7. When the circulating gas is fed into the separate connection 15, the blower 12 can be omitted.
Die Mikrowelleneinheit 2 ist zur Abstrahlung der Mikro- welle auf den Sektor 9 des zylindrischen Adsorbers 1 ausgebildet, der die Anschlüsse 7 und 8 zum Durchtritt der Desorptionsluft verbindet. Dazu kann die Mikrowelleneinheit 2 eine sich außen entlang dem Adsorber 1 erstreckende Antenne 17 mit einem Reflektor 16 aufweisen. Am Reflektor 16 ist der Mikrowellengenerator 14 angeordnet. Ein weiterer Reflektor 19 kann im Bereich der Rotationsachse 4 innerhalb des zylindrischen Adsorbers 1 vorgesehen sein. Die ausgetragenen Volumenanteile des oxidierten Desor- bats können der gereinigten Luft 21 zugeführt werden.The microwave unit 2 is designed to emit the microwave onto the sector 9 of the cylindrical adsorber 1, which connects the connections 7 and 8 for the passage of the desorption air. For this purpose, the microwave unit 2 can have an antenna 17 extending along the outside along the adsorber 1 with a reflector 16. The microwave generator 14 is arranged on the reflector 16. Another reflector 19 can be provided in the area of the axis of rotation 4 within the cylindrical adsorber 1. The volume portions of the oxidized desorbate discharged can be supplied to the cleaned air 21.
Nach der Zeichnung wird die Desorptionsluft 22, 23 im Gegenstrom zu der zu reinigenden Luft 20, 21 geführt.According to the drawing, the desorption air 22, 23 is guided in counterflow to the air 20, 21 to be cleaned.
Ferner kann anstelle des Adsorbers 1 auch die Mikrowelleneinheit 2 drehbar ausgebildet sein. Furthermore, instead of the adsorber 1, the microwave unit 2 can also be designed to be rotatable.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Entfernung gasförmiger organischer Stoffe aus der Luft mit einem Adsorptionsmittel in einem Adsorber, bei dem das Adsorptionsmittel mit Mikrowellen regeneriert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die organischen Stoffe bei der Regenerierung des Adsorptionsmittels katalytisch oxidiert werden.1. A method for removing gaseous organic substances from the air with an adsorbent in an adsorber, in which the adsorbent is regenerated with microwaves, characterized in that the organic substances are catalytically oxidized when the adsorbent is regenerated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Adsorptionsmittel zur katalytischen Oxidation der organischen Stoffe ein Oxidationskatalysator zugesetzt ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an oxidation catalyst is added to the adsorbent for the catalytic oxidation of the organic substances.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die organischen Stoffe nach ihrer Desorption in dem Adsorber einem Oxidationskatalysator zugeführt werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic substances are fed to an oxidation catalyst after their desorption in the adsorber.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von dem Oxidationskatalysator oxidierten organischen Stoffe dem Adsorber zur Regenerierung des Adsorptionsmittels im Kreislauf wieder zugeführt werden.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the oxidized by the oxidation catalyst organic substances are fed back to the adsorber for regeneration of the adsorbent in the circuit.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oxidationskatalysator Platin oder ein Metall der Platingruppe ist. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst is platinum or a metal of the platinum group.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Desorption der organischen Stoffe ein mikrowellenabsorbierendes Adsorptionsmittel und/oder ein mikrowellenabsorbierender Feststoff verwendet wird, der in dem Adsorber zusammen mit dem Adsorptionsmittel vorliegt.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a microwave-absorbing adsorbent and / or a microwave-absorbing solid is used for the desorption of the organic substances, which is present in the adsorber together with the adsorbent.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mikrowellenabsorbierende Feststoff ein hydrophiler Zeolith ist, der im Gemisch mit dem Adsorptionsmittel vorliegt.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the microwave-absorbing solid is a hydrophilic zeolite which is present in a mixture with the adsorbent.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Adsorptionsmittel ein hydrophober Zeolith ist .8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the adsorbent is a hydrophobic zeolite.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis des hydrophilen zu dem hydrophoben Zeolith 1:10 bis 1:30 ist.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the weight ratio of the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic zeolite is 1:10 to 1:30.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oxidationskatalysator zugleich den mikrowellenabsorbierenden Feststoff in dem Adsorber bildet.10. The method according to claim 2 and 6, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst simultaneously forms the microwave-absorbing solid in the adsorber.
11. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Adsorber (1), eine an dem Adsorber (1) angeordnete Mikrowelleneinheit (2) und einen von dem Adsorber (1) getrennten Katalysator (3) zur Oxidation der desorbierten organischen Stoffe. 11. Plant for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an adsorber (1), an arranged on the adsorber (1) microwave unit (2) and a separate from the adsorber (1) catalyst (3) for the oxidation of the desorbed organic matter.
12. Anlage nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Adsorber (1) als zylindrischer Körper ausgebildet ist, der gegenüberliegend auf beiden Seiten um die Zylinderachse (4) relativ zu dem Adsorber (1) drehbare kreissegmentförmige Anschlüsse (5, 6; 7, 8) zum Durchtritt der zu reinigenden Luft (20, 21) und zum Durchtritt der Desorptionsluft (22, 23) aufweist, wobei die Mikrowelleneinheit (2) zur Abstrahlung der Mikrowellen auf den Sektor (9) des zylindrischen Adsorbers (1) ausgebildet ist, der die Anschlüsse (7, 8) zum Durchtritt der Desorptionsluft (22, 23) verbindet.12. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the adsorber (1) is designed as a cylindrical body, the opposite on both sides about the cylinder axis (4) relative to the adsorber (1) rotatable circular segment-shaped connections (5, 6; 7, 8) for the passage of the air to be cleaned (20, 21) and for the passage of the desorption air (22, 23), the microwave unit (2) being designed to emit the microwaves onto the sector (9) of the cylindrical adsorber (1), which connects the connections (7, 8) for the passage of the desorption air (22, 23).
13. Anlage nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit dem Katalysator (3) oxidierten organischen Stoffe der Desorptionsluft vor Eintritt in den Adsorber (1) zugeführt werden.13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the organic substances oxidized with the catalyst (3) are supplied to the desorption air before entering the adsorber (1).
14. Anlage nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von dem Katalysator (3) oxidierten organischen Stoffe einem kreissegmentförmigen Anschluss (15) zum Eintritt in den zylindrischen Adsorber (1) zugeführt werden, wobei der Anschluss (15) auf der gleichen Seite des Adsorbers (1), jedoch in Rotationsrichtung (10) vor dem Anschluss (7) zum Eintritt der Desorptionsluft angeordnet ist.14. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the organic substances oxidized by the catalyst (3) are supplied to a circular segment-shaped connection (15) for entry into the cylindrical adsorber (1), the connection (15) being on the same side of the Adsorbers (1), however, is arranged in the direction of rotation (10) before the connection (7) for the entry of the desorption air.
15. Anlage nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mikrowelleneinheit (2) zur Abstrahlung der Mikrowellen auf dem Sektor (9) des Adsorbers (1) zum Durchtritt der Desorptionsluft (22, 23) eine sich außen entlang dem Adsorber (1) erstreckende Antenne (18) mit einem Reflektor (16) aufweist. 15. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the microwave unit (2) for emitting the microwaves on the sector (9) of the adsorber (1) for passage of the desorption air (22, 23) extending along the outside of the adsorber (1) Has antenna (18) with a reflector (16).
16. Anlage nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein weiterer Reflektor (19) im Bereich der Rotationsachse (4) des Adsorbers (1) vorgesehen ist.16. Plant according to claim 15, characterized in that a further reflector (19) is provided in the region of the axis of rotation (4) of the adsorber (1).
17. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Adsorber (1) ein Vorfilter zur Partikelabtrennung vorgeschaltet ist, der der Mikrowelle einer Mikrowelleneinheit ausgesetzt ist.17. Plant according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the adsorber (1) is preceded by a prefilter for particle separation, which is exposed to the microwave of a microwave unit.
18. Verwendung der Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17 zur Reinigung der Luft in von Personen genutzten Räumen. 18. Use of the system according to one of claims 11 to 17 for cleaning the air in rooms used by people.
EP98946226A 1997-07-15 1998-07-09 Method and installation for eliminating gaseous organic substances in the air Withdrawn EP0954368A1 (en)

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DE19730292A DE19730292C1 (en) 1997-07-15 1997-07-15 Plant for the removal of gaseous organic substances from the air
DE19730292 1997-07-15
PCT/DE1998/001920 WO1999003565A1 (en) 1997-07-15 1998-07-09 Method and installation for eliminating gaseous organic substances in the air

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WO (1) WO1999003565A1 (en)

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