EP0932726B1 - Verfahren zur messung mechanischer daten eines bodens sowie zu dessen verdichtung und mess- bzw. bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur messung mechanischer daten eines bodens sowie zu dessen verdichtung und mess- bzw. bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0932726B1 EP0932726B1 EP97943717A EP97943717A EP0932726B1 EP 0932726 B1 EP0932726 B1 EP 0932726B1 EP 97943717 A EP97943717 A EP 97943717A EP 97943717 A EP97943717 A EP 97943717A EP 0932726 B1 EP0932726 B1 EP 0932726B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- compacting
- oscillation
- frequency
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title description 68
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 238000013208 measuring procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
- E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
- E01C19/288—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows adapted for monitoring characteristics of the material being compacted, e.g. indicating resonant frequency, measuring degree of compaction, by measuring values, detectable on the roller; using detected values to control operation of the roller, e.g. automatic adjustment of vibration responsive to such measurements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring mechanical Data of a compacted or compacted soil, a compression process to achieve an optimal, in particular homogeneous soil compaction, a measuring device for measuring mechanical data of a compressed or soil to be compacted and a soil compaction device for optimal homogeneous soil compaction.
- WO 95/10664 describes a method for soil compaction known.
- the frequency a rotating unbalance adjusted so that with the compaction unit in contact with the soil to be compacted a predetermined value of harmonics - here the double fundamental - does not exceed. Falling below this predetermined value is called the stability criterion considered.
- the stability criterion considered.
- One of the accelerometers measures the horizontal and the one others the vertical acceleration component. It will be the Vibration amplitude of the compression device and the Direction of the maximum compression amplitude determined.
- the Frequency of the eccentric and its weight as well as the rolling speed can be adjusted with computer assistance.
- the object of the invention is a measuring or soil compaction method show and a measuring or soil compaction device to create with the one homogeneous soil compaction in a compaction process as few crossings as possible, especially if one is specified desired floor stiffness and / or in particular one desired elastic modulus is achievable as well as mechanical Data of the soil to be compacted or compacted can be determined are.
- the focus is not on the local phase position of a maximum oscillation amplitude of a compression or measuring device, but on the temporal phase of the exciting oscillation of the eccentric (s) to the phase of the excited Vibration of the soil compaction or measuring system, which is identical to that of the compaction or measuring device.
- work is also carried out in the resonance region of an oscillation system, formed from the compression or measuring device acting on the soil to be compacted (or already compacted) and the soil.
- the known soil compaction device of EP-A 0 459 062 operates in the resonance range of its compaction device, but it is not possible for it to determine the soil rigidity c B achieved by the compaction and to optimize the entire compaction process on the basis of these determined values.
- the double tandem vibration roller 1 shown in FIG . 1 with articulated steering has a front and a rear drum 3a and 3b as a soil compacting device.
- only one of the bandages is in each case considered 3a and 3b which, if there is no difference between the front and rear drums 3a and 3b is, is referred to by the reference number.
- 3 A coupling between the two bandages 3a and 3b in the double tandem vibration roller 1 described here, for example, is negligible for the operating behavior.
- the bandage 3 has a rotating unbalance 5 with an adjustable static unbalance moment m u ⁇ r u .
- the unbalance moment is set by changing the radial unbalance distance ru of unbalance 5 .
- the setting of the moment of inertia and the frequency f is described below.
- the mass m u of the unbalance is arranged in a rotating manner at a distance r u from the axis of rotation 7 of the drum 3 .
- the static unbalance moment is therefore m u ⁇ u [kg ⁇ m].
- An acceleration sensor 11 is provided vertically above the axis of rotation 7 on the side of a carrier tab 9 of the drum holding fork 10 . With the acceleration sensors 11 acceleration values of the drum 3 in the vertical direction are measured.
- the acceleration sensor 11 is connected in terms of signal to a computing unit 12 , which determines the vibration amplitude a of the drum 3 by means of two integrations.
- the drum holding fork 10 is connected to the machine chassis 15 via spring and damping elements 13 and 14 . Spring and damping elements 13 and 14 are designed such that the dynamic forces in the damping element 14 are significantly smaller than the static ones.
- the movement or the acceleration of the drum 3 is measured with the acceleration sensor 11 .
- 1/2 refers to half the angular frequency ⁇ , 3/2 to one and a half times and 5/2 to two and a half times the angular frequency ⁇ .
- a is the maximum amplitude value of the partial vibration in question.
- ⁇ denotes the phase assignments of the partial vibrations to each other.
- the soil 20 to be compacted is represented as a spring 17 and a damping element 19 .
- a soil compaction system which contains the bandage 3 with vibration-stimulating imbalance 5 , the spring element 17 and the damping element 19 of the soil 20 to be compacted, and the spring element 13 and the damping element 14 between the bandage 3 and the machine chassis 15 , has a natural vibration. That this is so, it follows from the measurement curves shown in Figure 4.
- the oscillation angular frequency ⁇ of the bandage 3 is plotted on the abscissa and the measured maximum oscillation amplitude a is plotted on the ordinate.
- the oscillation circuit frequency ⁇ is normalized to the natural frequency w 0 of the soil compaction system and the value a to a value a 0 .
- the curve parameter is the static unbalance moment [product of an unbalanced mass m u and the radial distance r u from the axis 7 ].
- the unbalance moment of curve 21a is smaller than that of curve 21b , etc.
- roller 1 begins to jump [case c]. Curve 23 must therefore not be exceeded in compression mode.
- the family of resonance curves 21a to 21d represents an essential identification variable of the operating behavior of the soil compaction system. As explained below, the various influences of the machine parameters and the basic course of the compaction process can be read from it. Compaction is optimal when the soil compaction system, formed from the compaction device acting on the soil 20 to be compacted and the soil 20 to be compacted, resonates, that is to say it can be carried out fastest and with the least energy expenditure.
- the ground stiffness c B is usually between 20 MN / m and 130 MN / m. It is determined according to the invention as described below.
- the natural frequency w 0 is most easily measured by driving over the floor 20 with a small static unbalance torque according to curve 21a .
- the frequency of the unbalance 5 at the maximum curve value 25 of a / a 0 indicates the natural frequency w 0 .
- m f is the load on the machine chassis 15 per drum 3.
- g is the acceleration due to gravity with g ⁇ 10.
- This passage is identical to the time of the maximum unbalance force directed against the floor 20 .
- the maximum force acting against the floor 20 is transmitted from the bandage 3 into the floor 20 and takes place with a phase shift by the angle ⁇ . That is, the phase shift ⁇ reflects the position of the exciting vibration due to the unbalance 5 relative to the vibration of the soil compaction system.
- a maximum compaction force in the soil 20 is achieved when the soil compaction system resonates.
- the soil compaction system always resonates at maximum values of curves 21a to 21d , which lie on curve 27 .
- there is a phase shift of the exciting vibration system through the unbalance 5 to the soil compaction system of ⁇ 90 °. That is, an optimal compaction is given with roller parameters [static unbalance moment m u ⁇ r u and unbalance rotation frequency ⁇ ], which enable operation on curve 27 .
- the resonance curves 21a to 21d in FIG. 4 are now recorded with constant soil properties.
- the oscillation amplitude responsible for the compaction of the soil 20 changes very strongly in the sub-resonant range [oscillation circle frequency ⁇ is less than the resonance frequency, phase angle ⁇ is less than 90 °]; in the over-resonant range [oscillation circuit frequency ⁇ is greater than the resonance frequency, phase angle ⁇ is greater than 90 °], however, relatively little.
- the over-resonant range is therefore selected and the phase angle ⁇ is set to a range between 95 ° and 110 °, preferably 100 °.
- the phase angle ⁇ is set at a predetermined static unbalance torque m u ⁇ u by a reduction in the rotational angular frequency ⁇ of the unbalance 5 .
- a predetermined static unbalance torque m u ⁇ u by a reduction in the rotational angular frequency ⁇ of the unbalance 5 .
- the area of roller jumping characterized by the area above curve 23 , must of course be avoided. An intrusion into this area is perceived by the roller operator by a different vibration behavior of his roller 1 .
- vibrations occur with half the frequency [and odd multiples] of the orbital frequency ⁇ of the unbalance 5 .
- This unstable [jumping] operation can also be determined by the fact that successive vibration amplitudes of the bandage 3 are of different heights.
- the compaction amplitude of the drum 3 must be chosen as large as possible.
- the required amplitude is automatically set by the computing unit 12 and an actuator 36 , as explained below.
- the travel speed v of the roller 1 is also set to a uniform compression work per travel unit despite the variable orbital frequency ⁇ of the unbalance 5 .
- the speed setpoint depends on the type of layer to be compacted.
- a bottom element 37 as shown in FIG. 5 , at a depth z 0 “sees” a two-banded roller 1 passing by at a speed v during the compaction process.
- this sees a different load peak 39 according to FIG. 6 .
- the two load profiles for the two bandages 3a and 3b , the pulse train 40a coming from the bandage 3a and the pulse train 40b coming from the bandage 3b can be superposed linearly. Their effects add up.
- an overlap zone 41 can form, in which load components act on the floor element 37 from both bandages 3a and 3b .
- the time interval t s of the load components acting on the floor element 37 should be kept constant during operation in order to always achieve the same compression quality.
- the roller 1 controlled according to the invention is operated with increasing ground rigidity c B with a higher orbital frequency ⁇ , which then results in an increased travel speed v . That means that the compression takes place faster and faster.
- compaction is now no longer carried out only on a constant shear modulus, but on a predefined, preferably constant ground stiffness c B and, if necessary, on a predefined, constant elastic modulus E.
- a predefined, preferably constant ground stiffness c B and, if necessary, on a predefined, constant elastic modulus E With the previous rollers and compaction machines, it was always assumed that at least minimal compaction, defined by the soil stiffness c B or the soil elasticity module E , would be achieved.
- the large differences between minimum and maximum compaction resulting from the known methods lead to the known, but undesirable irregular sinking and unevenness, for example of road surfaces. These differences are avoided by the invention.
- the method according to the invention compresses, inter alia, to a constant modulus of elasticity E.
- a constant soil elasticity module E in contrast to the known soils compacted to minimal soil stiffness, results in significantly greater long-term stability. It is emphasized once again that not only is a predetermined soil stiffness c B , but also a predetermined soil elasticity module E is compressed. For example, a floor 20 of a road structure compacted to a constant soil elasticity module will lower uniformly as it ages as a result of the traffic load and thus retain its flatness for a much longer time than one which is compacted according to the prior art. Road structures compacted according to the known methods become uneven over time due to inhomogeneous compaction, tear on the surface and are then exposed to destruction by traffic and weather influences.
- the soil elasticity module E is continuously determined with the roller 1 and the machine parameters are continuously adjusted, it being important here that no hollows remain in the soil, ie the soil surface 42 is already well compacted.
- the exact soil elasticity module E is only of interest at the end of the compaction process. At this point, however, the soil surface ( 42 ) is already sufficiently compacted.
- the soil elasticity module E results from the following formula [3].
- E c B ⁇ 2 (1 ⁇ 2nd ) L ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.89 + 1 ⁇ 2ln [ ⁇ ⁇ L 3rd ⁇ E 16 (1 ⁇ 2nd ) (m f + m d ) ⁇ G ⁇ R ] ⁇
- ⁇ is the vertical speed of the drum 5 .
- L [m] is the width of the bandage 3
- (m f + m d ) the weight bearing on each bandage 3a or 3b plus the weight of the bandage 3a or 3b concerned
- R [m] is the radius of the bandage 3
- g [ 10 m / s 2 ] the acceleration due to gravity and ln the natural logarithm. All values for the automatic determination of the soil stiffness c B are thus known or can be determined by the computing unit 12 , whereby the elasticity module E can also be determined with the computing unit 12 .
- the first roll has an elastic modulus E 1 , a radius R 1 and a transverse contraction number ⁇ 1 .
- the second roll has an elastic modulus E 2 , a radius R 2 and a transverse contraction number ⁇ 2 . Both rolls have the length L.
- E1 ⁇ ⁇ can thus be set in relation to E 2 .
- the force P acting on the first roller is a function of time in a soil compacting device. It is not constant over time.
- the force P is identical to the ground reaction force F in equations [6], [7] and [8]. The time averaging over the force P during one revolution of the drum 3 results
- ⁇ (b / L) 2nd ⁇ ⁇ [1.89 + 1 2nd ln [ ⁇ ⁇ E 2nd ⁇ L 3rd 16 (1 ⁇ 2nd 2nd ) ⁇ R 1 ⁇ (M f + m d ) ⁇ G ]
- the soil areas to be compacted must be run over by roller 1 more often. Since it is usually a non-pre-compacted soil, maximum compaction is carried out in a first or subsequent compaction crossing.
- the orbital frequency ⁇ of the unbalance 5 is increased to a value ⁇ 0 , which lies above the resonance of the above-mentioned soil compaction system.
- the respective travel speed v of the roller 1 is adapted to the rotational frequency f of the unbalance 5 in accordance with the above statements.
- the dependence of the amplitude a of the bandage 3 on the orbital frequency ⁇ takes place according to curve 43a .
- At point 45 is the resonance of the soil compaction system. This resonance point is exceeded for the tolerance reasons stated above until the phase angle ⁇ between the drum vibration and the unbalance vibration is approximately 100 ° [point 47].
- the static unbalance moment is increased by increasing the radial distance r u0 to r u1 [m u ⁇ r u1 ].
- the phase angle ⁇ increases to a value greater than 100 °, as can be seen from the distance of the new setting point 50 from the resonance curve 49 (analogously to curve 27 in FIG. 4 ).
- the orbital frequency of the unbalance 5 is reduced from ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 1 with a constant static unbalance torque [m u ⁇ r u1 ] until the phase angle ⁇ is again only 100 °.
- the maximum compaction performance is used.
- the plastic behavior results from the measured values determined. In the "plastic range", the floor stiffness c B can only be determined approximately. Knowing well that the determination of the soil elastic modulus is affected by an error on a still plastic substrate, it is calculated according to the above statements. When approximately 90% of the required soil elasticity value is reached, the plastic range is exceeded and the control uses the above-mentioned calculation method to set the static unbalance torque m u ⁇ r u and the unbalance rotation frequency f (unbalance rotation circle frequency ⁇ ) in such a way that a predetermined soil elasticity module E is reached.
- the computation unit 12 can determine the soil elasticity module E that has already been reached during the compaction process, and from these values then the machine parameters in question for the further compaction process, such as static unbalance moment m u ⁇ r u , Unbalance frequency f and travel speed v .
- the setting is made during the procedure.
- the travel speed v can be set quickly and easily.
- the procedure followed for example, is as follows.
- two unbalances 56 and 64 rotating in the same direction can be used, the mutual radial distance of which is set via a planetary gear. If the radial distance is 180 °, the effective total unbalance value is zero. At 0 ° the unbalance value is maximum. With angle values between 0 ° and 180 °, all intermediate values between zero and maximum unbalanced mass can be set.
- the planetary gear 53 shown schematically in FIG. 8 serves to drive two unbalances 56 and 64 rotating in the same direction, the mutual position of which can be adjusted m u ⁇ u to set the static unbalance torque .
- it is no longer the radial distance r u of a point-like eccentric mass that is set, but the effective unbalanced mass m u with the same radial distance r u .
- the planetary gear 53 shown in FIG. 8 is driven by a drive 54 via a shaft 55 which acts directly on the balancer 56 without any intermediate gear.
- a toothed belt pulley 57 is arranged on the shaft 55 and acts on a toothed belt pulley 60 via a toothed belt 59 .
- the toothed belt pulley 60 in turn interacts with a gear part 61 .
- the gear part 61 has three meshing gears 63a, 63b and 63c , the gear 63a being connected to the toothed belt pulley 60 in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the axis of the gear 63b can be rotated radially to the axis of rotation of the gear 63a .
- the angle of rotation is a measure of the radial rotation of the two unbalances 56 and 64 and thus a measure of the effective total unbalanced mass or the effective static unbalanced moment m u0 ⁇ r u to m u3 ⁇ r u .
- On the axis 65 of the gear 63c is a gear 66 which meshes with a gear 69 seated on a hollow shaft 67 .
- the hollow shaft 67 interacts with the second unbalance 64 .
- one of the two imbalances can also rotate at twice the rotation frequency by selecting the toothed belt pulleys 57 and 60 and / or the gear wheels 66 and 69 accordingly.
- the “Flexspline” is an elastically deformable, thin-walled steel sleeve with external teeth, which has a smaller pitch diameter than the "Circular Spline” and thus has, for example, two teeth less over the entire circumference.
- the “Wave Generator” is an elliptical disc with a mounted thin ring ball bearing that is inserted into the "Flexspine” and deforms it elliptically. During the rotation of the "Wave Generator” the meshing area with the large ellipse axis moves. After rotating the "Wave Generator” by 180 ° there is a relative movement between “Flexspline” and “Circular Spline” around a tooth. After each complete rotation of the "Wave Generator", the “Flexspline” as the output element rotates exactly two teeth opposite to the drive. The mechanical structure using this gear is extremely compact.
- paving material is to be compacted on a construction site, it is advisable to determine or check the stiffness c B of the subsurface by means of a crossing before introducing the compaction material.
- the soil elasticity module E can also be determined. If there is already a weak point in the subsurface, the installation goods cannot be compacted to the required extent.
- vertically vibrating unbalances designed as piston-cylinder units, can also be used.
- bandages can be rolled over the base 20 ; however, a vibrating plate can also be moved over the floor 20 .
- the measuring device according to the invention differs of the soil compaction device according to the invention only in that the acting on the floor and with together towards him a device forming a vibration system the compacting device of the soil compacting device does not cause significant soil compaction. I.e. the force acting on the ground is measured reduced. The measurement is also usually carried out Mass of the oscillating force chosen smaller.
- the invention Measuring device can with known compression device can be assembled to work well with these machines to produce an improved soil compaction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Doppeltandemvibrationswalze mit Knicklenkung, mit der die erfindungsgemäße Bodenverdichtung durchführbar ist,
- Fig. 2
- ein schwingungsmäßiges, mechanisches Ersatzschaltbild der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung aus Figur 1,
- Fig. 3
- ein signalmäßiges Blockschaltbild zur Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenverdichtung,
- Fig. 4
- eine normierte Schwingungsamplitude der Bodenverdichtungseinrichtung (Ordinate) gemäß Figur 2 in Abhängigkeit einer normierten Schwingungsfrequenz der die Schwingung anregenden Unwucht (Abszisse),
- Fig. 5
- die Lage eines im Boden zu verdichtenden Bodenelements,
- Fig. 6
- eine auf das in Figur 5 gezeigte Bodenelement einwirkende Verdichtungskraft,
- Fig. 7
- einen Einschaltvorgang einer Bodenverdichtungseinrichtung zum Erreichen eines optimalen Betriebspunktes in einer Darstellung analog zu derjenigen in Figur 4 und
- Fig. 8
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Getriebes für den Antrieb zweier Unwuchten der Bodenverdichtungseinrichtung mit einstellbarem Trägheitsmoment.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Messung mechanischer Daten eines verdichteten oder zu verdichtenden Bodens mit einer auf den Boden (20) einwirkenden Einrichtung (3a, 3b), welche zusammen mit dem Boden (20) schwingungsmäßig als ein einziges Schwingungssystem von einer Recheneinheit (12) erfaßt wird und durch eine schwingungsanregende Kraft derart angeregt wird, daß dieses Schwingungssystem in Resonanz schwingt oder mit einer die Resonanz um einen vorgegebenen, lediglich von Einstellungsstabilitäten bestimmten Frequenzwert überschreitenden Frequenz (Ω) schwingt, wobei der Wert der schwingungsanregenden Kraft, deren periodische Frequenz (Ω) und deren Phasenwinkel () zur Schwingung des Schwingungssystems selbsttätig von der Recheneinheit (12) derart eingestellt werden, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Masse (md ) der auf den Boden einwirkenden Einrichtung (3a, 3b) und des auf ihr statisch lastenden Gewichts (mf ) die Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) und/oder der Elastizitätsmodul (E) des Bodens (20) ermittelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ermittlung der Schwingungsauslenkung (a) des Schwingungssystems die Bewegung der Einrichtung (3a, 3b) in Richtung des geforderten Meßvektors insbesondere mit einem Beschleunigungsmesser (11) ermittelt wird, der Phasenwinkel () auf bevorzugt zwischen 95° und 110 voreilend eingestellt wird und vorzugsweise die schwingungsanregende Kraft mit einer beschleunigten, insbesondere rotierenden Masse erzeugt wird, deren statisches Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru) von der Recheneinheit (12) vorgegeben wird.
- Verdichtungsverfahren zum Erreichen einer optimalen, insbesondere homogenen Bodenverdichtung (1) unter Verwendung des Meßverfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit einer auf den zu verdichtenden Boden (20) einwirkenden Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b), welche zusammen mit dem Boden (20) schwingungsmäßig als ein einziges Verdichtungsschwingungssystem von einer Recheneinheit (12) erfaßt wird und durch eine schwingungsanregende Kraft derart angeregt wird, daß dieses Verdichtungsschwingungssystem in Resonanz schwingt oder mit einer die Resonanz um einen vorgegebenen, lediglich von Einstellungsstabilitäten bestimmten Frequenzwert überschreitenden Frequenz (Ω) schwingt, wobei der Wert der schwingungsanregenden Kraft, deren periodische Frequenz (Ω) und deren Phasenwinkel () zur Schwingung des Verdichtungsschwingungssystems selbsttätig von der Recheneinheit (12) derart eingestellt werden, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Masse (md ) der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) und des auf ihr statisch lastenden Gewichts (mf ) eine vorgegebene Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) erreicht wird.
- Verdichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ermittlung der Schwingungsauslenkung (a) des Verdichtungsschwingungssystems die Bewegung der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) in Richtung des geforderten Verdichtungsvektors insbesondere mit einem Beschleunigungsmesser (11) ermittelt wird, der Phasenwinkel () auf bevorzugt zwischen 95° und 110° voreilend eingestellt wird und vorzugsweise die schwingungsanregende Kraft mit einer beschleunigten, insbesondere rotierenden Masse erzeugt wird, deren statisches Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru ) von der Recheneinheit (12) vorgegeben wird.
- Verdichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verdichtungsvorgang beendet wird, sobald ein vorgegebener Elastizitätsmodul (E) des Bodens (20) von der Recheneinheit (12) selbsttätig ermittelt wird, wobei der Elastizitätsmodul (E) während des Überfahrens mit einer iterativen Berechnung insbesondere unter zusätzlicher Verwendung der Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) und der Schwingungsamplitude (a) der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) bzw. deren Beschleunigung (ä) ermittelt wird.
- Verdichtungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das unverdichtete Bodenmaterial in einem ersten Verdichtungsvorgang, bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit der Bodenbeschaffenheit und des Verdichtungszustands mit maximaler, lediglich durch die Maschineneigenschaften begrenzter Verdichtungsleistung verdichtet wird, wobei insbesondere die schwingungsanregende Kraft selbsttätig jedoch nur so hoch eingestellt wird, daß kein Springen der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung (1) erfolgt und vorzugsweise das Springen der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung (1) durch eine Frequenzanalyse der Schwingung der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) auf ein Auftreten einer halben Schwingungsteilkomponente zur Grundschwingung und/oder durch einen Amplitudenvergleich aufeinanderfolgender Schwingungen der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) bis zu einem vorgegebenen Abweichungswert ermittelt wird.
- Verdichtungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) über einen bereits auf einen vorgegebenen Wert verdichteten Boden (20) schneller als über noch zu verdichtenden Boden (20), bevorzugt mit reduzierter schwingungsanregender Kraft gefahren wird, um aus Sicht des Verdichtungsprozesses überflüssige Überfahrten zu minimieren.
- Meßvorrichtung (1) zur Messung mechanischer Daten eines verdichteten oder zu verdichtenden Bodens (20) mit einem Meßverfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit wenigstens einer mit dem Boden (20) wenigstens zeitweise in Kontakt befindlichen Einrichtung (3a, 3b), wenigstens einer auf diese einwirkende, in Meßrichtung eine periodische Kraft erzeugende, schwingende Masse (5), deren Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) durch einen Antrieb (54) einstellbar ist, einem Meßelement (11), insbesondere einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer (11), welches den Zeitpunkt der maximalen Schwingungsamplitude (a0 ) der Einrichtung (3a, 3b) in Meßrichtung feststellt, einem Sensor (29), der den Zeitpunkt der maximalen Schwingungsamplitude in Bodenverdichtungsrichtung der schwingenden Masse (5) bestimmt, einer Vergleichereinrichtung (12), welche den Phasenabstand () der beiden Schwingungsmaxima ermittelt, einer Regeleinheit (12), mit der die Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) der schwingenden Masse (5) über den Antrieb (54) einstellbar ist, bis mit der Vergleichereinrichtung (12) ein vorgegebener Phasenabstand, bevorzugt ein voreilender Phasenwinkel () der anregenden Massenschwingung gegenüber der angeregten Einrichtungsschwingung zwischen 95° und 110° feststellbar ist, und einer mit einem Stellgeber (36) signalmäßig verbundenen Recheneinheit (12), mit der aus den mit dem Meßelement (11) und dem Sensor (29) ermittelten Daten sowie mechanischen Daten (mf, md, mu·ru ) der Einrichtung (1) eine Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) und/oder ein Elastizitätsmodul (E) des Bodens (20) ermittelbar ist.
- Meßvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schwingende Masse (5) wenigstens eine umlaufende Unwucht hat, deren statisches Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru ) von einer Stelleinrichtung (53) in Abhängigkeit des mit der Vergleichereinrichtung (12) ermittelten Phasenabstands () einstellbar ist.
- Meßvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, gekennzeichnet durch eine Frequenzanalyseeinrichtung (12), welche die von der Einrichtung (3a, 3b) infolge der anregenden Schwingung (Ω) der schwingenden Masse (5) angeregte Schwingung auf halbe Schwingungsfrequenzanteile und Vielfache der anregenden Schwingung (Ω) analysiert und bei Auftreten dieser Schwingungsanteile die anregende Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) durch den Antrieb (54) erhöht und/oder das statische Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru ) der schwingenden Masse (5) über eine Stelleinrichtung (53) erniedrigt.
- Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung (1) zur optimalen homogenen Bodenverdichtung mit einer Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 zur Durchführung eines Verdichtungsverfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7 mit wenigstens einer mit dem zu verdichtenden Boden (20) wenigstens zeitweise in Kontakt befindlichen Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b), wenigstens einer auf diese einwirkende, in Bodenverdichtungsrichtung eine periodische Kraft erzeugende, schwingende Masse (5), deren Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) durch einen Antrieb (54) einstellbar ist, einem Meßelement (11), insbesondere einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer (11), welches den Zeitpunkt der maximalen Schwingungsamplitude (a0 ) der Bodenverdichtungseinrichtung (Bandage) (3a, 3b) in Bodenverdichtungsrichtung feststellt, einem Sensor (29), der den Zeitpunkt der maximalen Schwingungsamplitude in Bodenverdichtungsrichtung der schwingenden Masse (5) bestimmt, einer Vergleichereinrichtung (12), welche den Phasenabstand () der beiden Schwingungsmaxima ermittelt, einer Regeleinheit (12), mit der die Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) der schwingenden Masse (5) über den Antrieb (54) einstellbar ist, bis mit der Vergleichereinrichtung (12) ein vorgegebener Phasenabstand, bevorzugt ein voreilender Phasenwinkel () der anregenden Massenschwingung gegenüber der angeregten Bodenverdichtungseinrichtungsschwingung zwischen 95° und 110 feststellbar ist, und einer mit einem Stellgeber (36) signalmäßig verbundenen Recheneinheit (12), mit der aus den mit dem Meßelement (11) und dem Sensor (29) ermittelten Daten sowie mechanischen Daten (mf, md, mu·ru ) der Bodenverdichtungseinrichtung (1) eine Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) des gerade verdichteten Bodens (20) ermittelbar ist, und insbesondere die Frequenz (Ω) und die periodische Kraft mit dem Stellgeber (36) zum Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Bodensteifigkeit (cB ) einstellbar sind.
- Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schwingende Masse (5) wenigstens eine umlaufende Unwucht hat, deren statisches Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru ) von einer Stelleinrichtung (53) in Abhängigkeit des mit der Vergleichereinrichtung (12) ermittelten Phasenabstands () einstellbar ist.
- Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, gekennzeichnet durch eine Frequenzanalyseeinrichtung (12), welche die von der Verdichtungseinrichtung (3a, 3b) infolge der anregenden Schwingung (Ω) der schwingenden Masse (5) angeregte Schwingung auf halbe Schwingungsfrequenzanteile und Vielfache der anregenden Schwingung (Ω) analysiert und bei Auftreten dieser Schwingungsanteile die anregende Schwingungsfrequenz (Ω) durch den Antrieb (54) erhöht und/oder das statische Unwuchtmoment (mu·ru ) der schwingenden Masse (5) über eine Stelleinrichtung (53) erniedrigt.
- Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schwingende Masse (5) aus zwei gleichsinnig umlaufenden Teilmassen (56, 64) besteht, welche über ein Planetengetriebe (53) antreibbar und in ihrer Lage zueinander einstellbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CH255996 | 1996-10-21 | ||
CH255996 | 1996-10-21 | ||
PCT/CH1997/000396 WO1998017865A1 (de) | 1996-10-21 | 1997-10-21 | Verfahren zur messung mechanischer daten eines bodens sowie zu dessen verdichtung und mess- bzw. bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0932726A1 EP0932726A1 (de) | 1999-08-04 |
EP0932726B1 true EP0932726B1 (de) | 2000-08-02 |
Family
ID=4236535
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EP97943717A Expired - Lifetime EP0932726B1 (de) | 1996-10-21 | 1997-10-21 | Verfahren zur messung mechanischer daten eines bodens sowie zu dessen verdichtung und mess- bzw. bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6431790B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0932726B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE195157T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59702110D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998017865A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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EP3981919B1 (de) | 2020-10-06 | 2022-11-09 | Hamm AG | Verfahren zum bereitstellen von mit dem verdichtungszustand eines bodens in zusammenhang stehender information bei durchführung eines verdichtungsvorgangs mit einem bodenverdichter |
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-
1997
- 1997-10-21 US US09/284,800 patent/US6431790B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-21 EP EP97943717A patent/EP0932726B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-21 AT AT97943717T patent/ATE195157T1/de active
- 1997-10-21 WO PCT/CH1997/000396 patent/WO1998017865A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-10-21 DE DE59702110T patent/DE59702110D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3981919B1 (de) | 2020-10-06 | 2022-11-09 | Hamm AG | Verfahren zum bereitstellen von mit dem verdichtungszustand eines bodens in zusammenhang stehender information bei durchführung eines verdichtungsvorgangs mit einem bodenverdichter |
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EP0932726A1 (de) | 1999-08-04 |
ATE195157T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 |
DE59702110D1 (de) | 2000-09-07 |
WO1998017865A1 (de) | 1998-04-30 |
US6431790B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
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