EP0931609A1 - Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille - Google Patents
Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0931609A1 EP0931609A1 EP99100854A EP99100854A EP0931609A1 EP 0931609 A1 EP0931609 A1 EP 0931609A1 EP 99100854 A EP99100854 A EP 99100854A EP 99100854 A EP99100854 A EP 99100854A EP 0931609 A1 EP0931609 A1 EP 0931609A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold according
- cooling
- area
- chill mold
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0408—Moulds for casting thin slabs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a liquid-cooled mold for a continuous caster a mold body made of a material with high thermal conductivity, like copper or a copper alloy.
- Chill molds are designed to extract heat from the molten metal and, initially, through the the formation of a strand shell enables the strand to solidify.
- mold geometries are in use, like mold tubes in round, rectangular or complex form. Mold plates are used for square / rectangular blooms or for slabs with larger Aspect ratio used. There are also special geometries, such as pre-profiles for double-T beams and thin slab molds with funnel extension in the upper one Plate area for receiving the pouring nozzle. It is characteristic of all these molds that homogeneous cooling of the surfaces is sought. Make the corner areas Special cases, since z. B. due to the design of plate molds with butt edges disturbed cooling are present. There are also areas with larger areas Given volumes of material for the rear fasteners that with Specially designed groove-like coolant channels with respect to the same Cooling can be adjusted again.
- the local stress conditions when using funnel mold plates are on the one hand operational. They are essentially determined by on the casting side the type of steel / casting temperature, the speed, the lubrication / cooling conditions of the mold powder, the geometry of the pouring nozzle and the associated flow of the Melt. On the other hand, cooling water quality and cooling water quantity determine on the water side and water speed the mold temperatures. These sizes are partly due to the mold construction - as with the geometry of the Coolant channels - determined.
- the invention is based on the object To create mold body, in which the heat flow in the bathroom mirror area increases is and the risk of cracking in the thermally and mechanically stressed Areas can be avoided.
- the core point of the invention thus forms the measure in the supercritically claimed Areas on both sides of the funnel a significantly stronger cooling of the Adjust mold body.
- the cooling capacity is proposed in these critical areas preferably by 10 to 20% over the increase horizontal neighboring areas.
- Coolant channels can e.g. B. advantageous here be set closer so that the cooled area increases.
- the coolant channels can also be brought closer to the surface locally; in this Case, one works unusually with different - effectively effective - cooling wall thicknesses above the cooling water.
- wide side plates can be formed with groove-like coolant channels in the critical areas of the funnel transition with additional cooling holes Mistake; here too surprisingly increases despite less Wall thickness the crack resistance of the mold material and thus the total service life the mold plate.
- the funnel mold plate 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the highest thermal stress at the horizontal outlet (vertical line C) of the funnel 2 on the casting side. As a direct result, there is a maximum area-related heat flow of 4.7 to 5.2 MW / m 2 at C in the casting direction GR directly below the bath level 3. There are arithmetically determined maximum temperatures of approximately 400 ° C. on the casting side 4 of the mold plate 1.
- the cooling grooves 6 which are introduced more deeply (wall thickness between casting and cooling surface 18 mm instead of 20 mm) Intensively cooled area 5 extends in the present case over the following areas (see FIG. 1): Length horizontally from the turning point B of the funnel 2 over 370 mm to the end point D. The more intensive cooling area extends from the top edge of the plate 7 to 200 mm in the casting direction GR; this is followed by a transition zone 8 of 50 mm, in which the depth d of the cooling grooves 6 is adjusted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- eine hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Stahlschmelze; Turbulenzen der Schmelze beanspruchen insbesondere die Übergangsbereiche des Trichters in die planparallelen Seiten des Gießquerschnittes.
- eine höhere mechanische Beanspruchung der im Trichterauslauf gebogenen Wand der Kupferplatte infolge thermischer Ausdehnung. Die resultierenden Spannungen sind hier an der Gießseite besonders hoch.
Claims (12)
- Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille für eine Stranggießanlage mit einem formgebenden Kokillenkörper aus einem Material hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, wie Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kokillenkörper kühlflächenseitig in den thermisch und mechanisch höher beanspruchten Bereichen eine Kühlzone mit höherem flächenbezogenen Wärmestrom aufweist.
- Kokille nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Formhohlraum aufweist, der aus zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Breitseitenwänden und die Strangbreite begrenzenden Schmalseitenwänden besteht.
- Kokille nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Formhohlraums am eingießseitigen Ende größer ist als am strangaustrittsseitigen Ende.
- Kokille nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formhohlraum am eingießseitigen Ende wenigstens eine Ausbauchung besitzt, die sich in Gießrichtung (GR) verkleinern kann.
- Kokille nach einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlzone mit höherem flächenbezogenen Wärmestrom im Badspiegelbereich angeordnet ist, wobei sie sich auf mindestens 20 %, vorzugsweise 30 bis 60 % der Meniskuslänge der Breitseitenwand erstreckt.
- Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der flächenbezogene Wärmestrom im höher beanspruchten Bereich des Badspiegels um 5 bis 40 %, vorzugsweise um 10 bis 20 % größer ist als in den übrigen Bereichen des Badspiegels.
- Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanddicke zwischen Gieß- und Kühlfläche in den thermisch und mechanisch höher beanspruchten Bereichen der Breitseitenwände verringert ist.
- Kokille nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung zwischen Gieß- und Kühlfläche im Badspiegelbereich eine um 1 bis 6 mm verringerte Dicke aufweist.
- Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kokillenkörper parallel zur Gießrichtung verlaufende nutenartige Kühlmittelkanäle und/oder Kühlbohrungen aufweist, die in den thermisch und mechanisch höher beanspruchten Bereichen enger angeordnet sind.
- Kokille nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand der Kühlmittelkanäle und/oder Kühlbohrungen in dem thermisch und mechanisch höher beanspruchten Bereichen um mindestens 20 % geringer ist als in den horizontalen Nachbarbereichen des Badspiegels.
- Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlmittelkanäle und/oder Kühlbohrungen in einem Übergangsbereich stufenweise enger angeordnet sind.
- Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Kühlmittelkanälen zusätzliche Kühlbohrungen angeordnet sind.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK99100854T DK0931609T3 (da) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-19 | Væskekölet kokille |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19802809 | 1998-01-27 | ||
DE19802809A DE19802809A1 (de) | 1998-01-27 | 1998-01-27 | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0931609A1 true EP0931609A1 (de) | 1999-07-28 |
EP0931609B1 EP0931609B1 (de) | 2004-11-24 |
Family
ID=7855667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99100854A Expired - Lifetime EP0931609B1 (de) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-19 | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6926067B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0931609B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11267794A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100566741B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1227778A (de) |
AR (1) | AR014307A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE283132T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU756323B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9900188A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2258451C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ300075B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19802809A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0931609T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2230749T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL194641B1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT931609E (de) |
RU (1) | RU2240892C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW448081B (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA99141B (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1445045A1 (de) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-11 | SMS Demag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Stranggiessen von flüssigen Metallen, insbesondere von flüssigen Stahlwerkstoffen |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100490985B1 (ko) * | 2000-11-25 | 2005-05-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연속주조용 깔대기형 주형동판 |
DE10226214A1 (de) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | Sms Demag Ag | Stranggießkokille für flüssige Metalle, insbesondere für flüssigen Stahl |
DE10337205A1 (de) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-03-10 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille |
DE102004021899A1 (de) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-12-01 | Sms Demag Ag | Gekühlte Stranggießkokille |
EP1785206A1 (de) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen einer Stranggiesskokille mittels Dampf |
DE102006036708A1 (de) | 2006-08-05 | 2008-02-07 | Sms Demag Ag | Stranggießkokille für flüssige Metalle, insbesondere für flüssige Stahlwerkstoffe |
DE102007002806A1 (de) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Sms Demag Ag | Kokille mit Beschichtung |
CZ306775B6 (cs) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-06-28 | MATERIÁLOVÝ A METALURGICKÝ VÝZKUM s.r.o. | Kokilová sestava s vodním chlazením |
US10350674B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2019-07-16 | Wagstaff, Inc. | Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting |
US11883876B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2024-01-30 | Wagstaff, Inc. | Dynamic mold shape control for direct chill casting |
DE102018123948B3 (de) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-12 | Kme Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kokillenplatte |
CN109822065B (zh) * | 2019-04-11 | 2024-03-22 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种连铸结晶器的宽面铜板及具有该铜板的连铸结晶器 |
DE102021215030A1 (de) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-29 | Sms Group Gmbh | Breitseitenkokillenplatte, Stranggießkokille und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Breitseitenkokillenplatte |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3595302A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1971-07-27 | Schloemann Ag | Cooling structure for continuous-casting mold |
JPS59133940A (ja) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-01 | Mishima Kosan Co Ltd | 連続鋳造用鋳型 |
GB2156252A (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1985-10-09 | Mannesmann Ag | Improvements in continuous casting |
GB2177331A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1987-01-21 | Outokumpu Oy | Continuous casting mould |
SU1366282A1 (ru) * | 1986-05-11 | 1988-01-15 | Краматорский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Технологический Институт Машиностроения | Кристаллизатор дл непрерывного лить металлов |
GB2212084A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-19 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | A continuous casting mould cooling arrangement |
DE4127333A1 (de) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-02-25 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Stahlstranggiesskokille |
EP0730923A1 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-11 | KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft | Kokille zum Stranggiessen von Metallen |
WO1998041342A1 (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-24 | Ag Industries, Inc. | Improved continuous casting mold and method |
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DE931609C (de) * | 1951-09-26 | 1955-08-11 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Schaltanordnung zur Unterdrueckung des OEffnungslichtbogens an Schaltern fuer elektrische Stromkreise |
JPS48100321A (de) * | 1972-03-31 | 1973-12-18 | ||
JPS54104451A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-16 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Cooling method for water cool mold in continuous slab casting machine |
AT360189B (de) * | 1978-04-03 | 1980-12-29 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zum kuehlen einer oszillierenden stahl -stranggiesskokille |
JPS57206555A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Cooling method for water cooled mold for continuous casting of slab |
DE3623660A1 (de) * | 1986-07-12 | 1988-01-14 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | Feuerfestes giessrohr |
DE3640525C2 (de) * | 1986-11-27 | 1996-02-15 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Kokille zum Stranggießen von Stahlband |
JPS6440143A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-02-10 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Continuous casting method for sound cast slab |
JPH02220748A (ja) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-09-03 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 連続鋳造方法 |
DE3907351C2 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1998-09-24 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Eingießtrichter einer Kokille |
EP0404974B2 (de) * | 1989-06-28 | 1995-12-13 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Stranggiesskokille zum senkrechten Bandgiessen von Metallen |
US5201361A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-04-13 | Acutus Mold, Inc. | Continuous casting in mold having heated end walls |
US5207266A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-05-04 | Chuetsu Metal Works Co., Ltd. | Water-cooled copper casting mold |
US5467810A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-11-21 | Acutus Industries | Continuous metal casting mold |
IT1267244B1 (it) * | 1994-05-30 | 1997-01-28 | Danieli Off Mecc | Procedimento di colata continua per acciai ad alto contenuto di carbonio |
DE69518360T2 (de) * | 1994-06-06 | 2000-12-28 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A., Buttrio | Stranggiesskokille mit verbessertem Wärmeaustausch sowie Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Wärmeaustauschs einer Stranggiesskokille |
JP2950152B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-28 | 1999-09-20 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | スラブ用連続鋳造鋳型 |
US5526869A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-06-18 | Gladwin Corporation | Mold for continuous casting system |
AUPN811396A0 (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1996-03-07 | Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited | Roll cooling structure for twin roll continuous caster |
AU712782B2 (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Liquid-cooled chill mould |
DE19716450A1 (de) * | 1996-05-13 | 1998-05-28 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Kokille |
JPH1080752A (ja) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-03-31 | Nkk Corp | 連続鋳造用鋳型 |
DE19747305A1 (de) * | 1997-10-25 | 1999-04-29 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Kokille für eine Stranggießanlage |
DE10227034A1 (de) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-24 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Kupfer-Gießform |
-
1998
- 1998-01-27 DE DE19802809A patent/DE19802809A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-01-08 ZA ZA9900141A patent/ZA99141B/xx unknown
- 1999-01-13 AR ARP990100118A patent/AR014307A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1999-01-13 CA CA002258451A patent/CA2258451C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-19 DE DE59911117T patent/DE59911117D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-19 DK DK99100854T patent/DK0931609T3/da active
- 1999-01-19 PT PT99100854T patent/PT931609E/pt unknown
- 1999-01-19 AT AT99100854T patent/ATE283132T1/de active
- 1999-01-19 ES ES99100854T patent/ES2230749T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-19 EP EP99100854A patent/EP0931609B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-20 KR KR1019990001570A patent/KR100566741B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-25 AU AU13220/99A patent/AU756323B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-25 PL PL331035A patent/PL194641B1/pl unknown
- 1999-01-26 CN CN99101377A patent/CN1227778A/zh active Pending
- 1999-01-26 CZ CZ0026399A patent/CZ300075B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-26 RU RU99102238/02A patent/RU2240892C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-26 JP JP11017442A patent/JPH11267794A/ja active Pending
- 1999-01-27 BR BR9900188-8A patent/BR9900188A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-27 TW TW088101120A patent/TW448081B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-11 US US09/372,636 patent/US6926067B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3595302A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1971-07-27 | Schloemann Ag | Cooling structure for continuous-casting mold |
JPS59133940A (ja) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-01 | Mishima Kosan Co Ltd | 連続鋳造用鋳型 |
GB2156252A (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1985-10-09 | Mannesmann Ag | Improvements in continuous casting |
GB2177331A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1987-01-21 | Outokumpu Oy | Continuous casting mould |
SU1366282A1 (ru) * | 1986-05-11 | 1988-01-15 | Краматорский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Технологический Институт Машиностроения | Кристаллизатор дл непрерывного лить металлов |
GB2212084A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-19 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | A continuous casting mould cooling arrangement |
DE4127333A1 (de) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-02-25 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Stahlstranggiesskokille |
EP0730923A1 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-11 | KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft | Kokille zum Stranggiessen von Metallen |
WO1998041342A1 (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-24 | Ag Industries, Inc. | Improved continuous casting mold and method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8830, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M22, AN 88-212272, XP002100951 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 262 (M - 341) 30 November 1984 (1984-11-30) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1445045A1 (de) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-11 | SMS Demag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Stranggiessen von flüssigen Metallen, insbesondere von flüssigen Stahlwerkstoffen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1322099A (en) | 1999-08-19 |
TW448081B (en) | 2001-08-01 |
CZ26399A3 (cs) | 2000-05-17 |
ATE283132T1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
KR100566741B1 (ko) | 2006-04-03 |
AR014307A1 (es) | 2001-02-07 |
PL194641B1 (pl) | 2007-06-29 |
DK0931609T3 (da) | 2005-03-29 |
CA2258451C (en) | 2005-03-29 |
CA2258451A1 (en) | 1999-07-27 |
DE19802809A1 (de) | 1999-07-29 |
AU756323B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
BR9900188A (pt) | 2000-01-04 |
EP0931609B1 (de) | 2004-11-24 |
RU2240892C2 (ru) | 2004-11-27 |
DE59911117D1 (de) | 2004-12-30 |
PL331035A1 (en) | 1999-08-02 |
ZA99141B (en) | 1999-07-09 |
PT931609E (pt) | 2005-01-31 |
ES2230749T3 (es) | 2005-05-01 |
KR19990068007A (ko) | 1999-08-25 |
CZ300075B6 (cs) | 2009-01-21 |
JPH11267794A (ja) | 1999-10-05 |
US6926067B1 (en) | 2005-08-09 |
CN1227778A (zh) | 1999-09-08 |
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