EP0879475B1 - Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor - Google Patents

Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0879475B1
EP0879475B1 EP97900577A EP97900577A EP0879475B1 EP 0879475 B1 EP0879475 B1 EP 0879475B1 EP 97900577 A EP97900577 A EP 97900577A EP 97900577 A EP97900577 A EP 97900577A EP 0879475 B1 EP0879475 B1 EP 0879475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
sensor
coil
switching magnet
mark
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EP97900577A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0879475A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dieter NÜRENBERG
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Eaton Industries GmbH
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Moeller GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/168—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off" making use of an electromagnetic wave communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic switching magnet control for contactors, where the contactor has a coil, which drives switch contacts via an armature, which between one ON and an OFF position moves, and the solenoid control has a sensor with which the position of the Coil drivable armature can be determined, with a mark on the armature, which can be detected by the sensor.
  • a contactor is an electromechanical switch, the output of which it is to close or disconnect a circuit.
  • the contactor has one or more electrical ones Contacts depending on the position of the armature moving them be opened or closed.
  • the anchor is by means of a coil back and forth, the coil with a DC voltage is applied to set a certain coil current can be clocked, among other things.
  • a switching device is known from DE 44 09 010 A1, where the position of the movable Organ, in particular the armature of a contactor, during the Switching process can be determined.
  • the sensor is a potentiometer consisting of an elongated sensor element and a movable runner attached to the anchor, which is supported on the sensor element. Using the determined The position of the movable organ of the contactor is changed during the Switching the coil current over the entire displacement distance controlled, on the one hand the closing force of the contactor increased and secondly the electrical and mechanical Durability of the device is improved.
  • the coil is connected to a current sensor in series. The coil current is dependent on the difference between target coil current and measured actual coil current controlled by a pulse modulation circuit, the Coil current depends on the level of pulse size modulation.
  • Another switching magnet control is from DE 38 22 342 C2 known, the shift solenoid control a number of Photoelectric sensors consisting of photodiodes and a series of has light emitting diodes, which on both sides of the Anchor are arranged.
  • the anchor has a light interruption mark, the light path of the individual light barriers interrupts individually or one after the other when moving the anchor. This allows the position of the anchor or the Switch contacts can be determined precisely. By processing it is the position signals of the individual light barriers possible, an uneven switching of the contactor over all three phases of the circuit to be closed and opened to recognize.
  • the holding phase begins, in which the anchor of the coil no longer accelerates, but only in the ON position must be kept.
  • the holding current in the coil adjust during this phase so that the anchor is straight still remains dressed.
  • the coil current can thus during the Hold phase can be chosen relatively small.
  • a small holding current has the disadvantage, however, that even with slight vibrations the armature and, if necessary, the switching contacts a little later can be deflected from the ON position, whereby the circuit closed by the contactor is unintentionally interrupted can be.
  • DE 40 31 427 A1 describes a method for reducing energy Operation of an electromagnetic actuator known in which a maximum electrical for switching the actuator Power is supplied, and after switching the supplied Power on one to keep the switching state sufficient value is lowered, the ingested Switching status constantly monitored and when the Switching state, that is, by a reaction of the circle on the actuator, the actuator for a predetermined period of time an increased, especially the maximum Power is supplied.
  • the power supplied to it to the Start of a minimum power permitting a switching state change is reduced when the minimum power is reached the increased electrical power is applied to the actuator, and after a predeterminable period of time the electrical Performance again reduced to a performance value which is the Minimum performance plus a specifiable safety reserve performance corresponds.
  • the object of the invention is therefore a solenoid control to provide with the unwanted deflection of the Anchor is recognized immediately from the ON position.
  • the Sensor is arranged for marking so that at a small displacement of the armature from the ON position of the sensor the marking is detected and a corresponding signal is sent to the Shift solenoid control sends out.
  • the sensor has the advantage that small deflections of the Anchor from the ON position by the sensor immediately be detected and the solenoid control immediately take appropriate countermeasures. After finding the unwanted deflection is by means of a voltage supply the coil sets a maximum possible current in the coil or adjusts so that the one built up by the coil Magnetic field reaches a maximum strength, and the anchor from Magnetic field is accelerated in the direction of the ON position.
  • the magnetic field is only for a very specific one Time built up.
  • the anchor reaches during this predetermined maximum time is not in the ON position, it switches the solenoid control switches off the contactor.
  • the solenoid control lowers the Strength of the magnetic field or that flowing through the coil Current to a predetermined minimum strength so far that the Anchor just doesn't drop off.
  • the sensor is advantageously a light barrier mechanical switch, a Hall detector or an induction switch.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electronically controlled contactor 2, by means of which at least one phase 15 of a circuit can be interrupted or closed.
  • the switch contact 5 is closed.
  • the switching contact 5 pressurized by a contact force spring 5a is in loose connection with an armature 4 which can be moved by means of the coil 7.
  • a voltage U coil to the lead wires 7a of the coil 7 flows in this current I, which generates a magnetic field which draws the armature 4 in the coil.
  • the armature 4 covers a stroke distance between the ON position (FIG. 1) and the OFF position.
  • the armature 4 has a marking 4a which is detected by the sensor S, 3a as soon as the marking 4a passes the sensor S, 3a.
  • the sensor S, 3a can be a light barrier, S being the photodetector and 3a being the light source.
  • the marking 4a is a recess or bore.
  • the photodetector S and the light source 3a are connected by means of the feed lines 3b, 3c to the switching magnet control, not shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a path-time diagram of the marking 4a of the armature 4.
  • the contactor 2 is switched on, that is to say the armature 4 is in the ON position and the switching magnet control specifies the holding current I Hold .
  • the armature 4 with its marking 4a is deflected towards the OFF position at the time T 1 , the marking 4a being detected by the sensor S, 3a and the solenoid control triggering the maximum target current I max pretends.
  • the armature 4 does not have to be deflected so far that the switch contact 5 has also been deflected.
  • a strong magnetic field is now built up in the coil 7, which tries to push the armature 4 into the ON position.
  • the marking 4a is no longer detected.
  • the solenoid control evaluates this in that the armature 4 is again in the ON position and again specifies the holding current I Hold .
  • the armature 4 is again deflected out of the ON position by a disturbance, and the marking 4a is detected by the sensor S, 3a, whereupon the switching magnet control again specifies the maximum starting current I max .
  • the armature 4 is not yet in the ON position again. This may be due to an excessive deflection of the armature 4, for example. So that the coil 7 is not destroyed by the thermal load and other electrical devices are not unbalanced by a fault current caused by the deflected contactor 2, the switching magnet control switches off the contactor at time T 4 and sends a fault message to a higher-level control or other contactors, whereby these are also triggered.
  • the sensor S, 3a can be of the form that it detects the marking 4a over a relatively long distance. This can also be achieved by appropriately designing the marking.
  • the sensor S, 3a can also be composed of a plurality of individual sensors arranged along the direction of travel, by means of which the direction of movement and the speed of the armature 4 or its marking 4a can be determined. For example, the time t max can be recalculated depending on the position, speed and direction of movement of the armature 4 in order to move the armature 4 into the ON position with great certainty.
  • a program for holding a contactor 2 in the ON position for the solenoid control according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the holding phase is initiated and the holding current I Hold is specified (step S1).
  • the program then continuously checks whether the marking 4a has been detected by the sensor S, 3a (steps S2 and S3). As soon as the sensor S, 3a detects the marker 4a (step S2) due to a fault, the program branches to step S4, and the maximum target current I max is specified, a counter (not shown) being reset and started.
  • step S5 The program now runs through the loop formed by steps S4, S5 and S6 until the maximum time t max has been exceeded (step S5) or the armature 4 has returned to the ON position, in the latter case the sensor S, 3a the marker 4a is no longer detected (step S6). If the maximum time t max has been exceeded, the program branches to step S7, an error message being sent to a higher-level controller, and then initiates the switch-off process with step S8. If the ON position is reached by the armature 4 during the maximum target current specification, this is determined in step S6 and the program returns to step S1. The normal holding current I holding is then again specified until the contactor 2 is switched off or the armature 4 is deflected unintentionally by a fault.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a possible switching magnet control 1.
  • the switching on or off of the contactor 2 can be initiated by means of conventional input means 13, such as a command switch or the like. It is advantageous here if the solenoid control 1 has an auxiliary power supply 16 and the control is carried out via a data and control bus 12.
  • a voltage regulator 9 By means of a voltage regulator 9, the coil voltage U coil applied to the coil 7 is adjusted as a function of the difference between I ist and I soll .
  • the timer 10 is controlled, ie reset and / or started, by means of a control block 17 and a displacement sensor 3.
  • the corresponding position to the armature current target value I is in this case intended to be stored advantageously in a nonvolatile memory 11, read out if necessary, and fed to a comparator 20th
  • the actual current I ist the coil 7 is determined by means of the ammeter 6 and is also fed to the comparator 20.
  • Both the actual current I ist and the signals from the displacement sensor 3 and the contact system 5 are fed to a message block 19.
  • the message block 19 communicates by means of the data and control bus 12 with other electronic devices, not shown.
  • the solenoid control 1 also has a control circuit 18 by means of which the contactor 2 is switched off.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic switch magnet control system (1) for contactors (2). The contactor (2) has a coil (7) which drives switching contacts (5) via an armature (4) moving between an ON and OFF position. The switch magnet control system (1) also has a sensor (S, 3a) used to determine the position of the armature (4) driven by the coil (7). A mark (4a) joined to the armature (4) can be detected by the sensor (S, 3a). The sensor (S, 3a) is arranged with respect to the mark (4a) in such a manner that when the armature (4) deviates to a small extent from the ON position the sensor (S, 3a) detects the mark (4a) and sends an appropriate signal to the switch magnet control system (1). So, a maximum magnetic field is generated which drives the armature (4) towards the ON position as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the mark (4a), the strength of said maximum magnetic field being set or adjusted for a predetermined maximum time (tmax) and cut off at the end of said maximum time (tmax).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung für Schütze, wobei das Schütz eine Spule hat, welche über einen Anker Schaltkontakte antreibt, der zwischen einer EIN- und einer AUS-Stellung verfährt, und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung einen Sensor hat, mit dem die Position des von der Spule antreibbaren Ankers bestimmbar ist, wobei eine Markierung an dem Anker ist, die von dem Sensor detektierbar ist.The invention relates to an electronic switching magnet control for contactors, where the contactor has a coil, which drives switch contacts via an armature, which between one ON and an OFF position moves, and the solenoid control has a sensor with which the position of the Coil drivable armature can be determined, with a mark on the armature, which can be detected by the sensor.

Ein Schütz ist ein elektromechanischer Schalter, dessen Ausgabe es ist, einen Stromkreis zu schließen oder zu trennen. Zu diesem Zweck besitzt das Schütz ein oder mehrere elektrische Kontakte, die je nach Stellung des sie bewegenden Ankers geöffnet oder geschlossen werden. Der Anker wird dabei mittels einer Spule hin und her verfahren, wobei die Spule mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagt wird, die zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Spulenstroms unter anderem getaktet werden kann.A contactor is an electromechanical switch, the output of which it is to close or disconnect a circuit. To for this purpose the contactor has one or more electrical ones Contacts depending on the position of the armature moving them be opened or closed. The anchor is by means of a coil back and forth, the coil with a DC voltage is applied to set a certain coil current can be clocked, among other things.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der DE 44 09 010 A1 ist eine schaltvorrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bekannt, bei der mittels eines Sensors die Position des beweglichen Organs, insbesondere des Ankers eines Schützes, während des Schaltvorgangs bestimmbar ist. Der Sensor ist dabei ein Potentiometer, bestehend aus einem längsgestreckten Fühlerelement und einem am Anker befestigten beweglichen Läufer, welcher sich auf dem Fühlerelement abstützt. Mittels der ermittelten Position des beweglichen Organs des Schützes wird während des Schaltvorgangs der Spulenstrom über die gesamte Verschiebungsstrecke gesteuert, womit zum einen die Schließkraft des Schützes erhöht und zum anderen die elektrische und mechanische Haltbarkeit der Vorrichtung verbessert wird. Zur Steuerung des Spulenstroms ist der Spule ein Stromsensor in Reihe geschaltet. Der Spulenstrom wird dabei in Abhängigkeit der Differenz zwischen Soll-Spulenstrom und gemessenem Ist-Spulenstrom mittels einer Impulsmodulations-Schaltung gesteuert, wobei der Spulenstrom vom Niveau der Impulsgrößenmodulation abhängt.A switching device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 44 09 010 A1, where the position of the movable Organ, in particular the armature of a contactor, during the Switching process can be determined. The sensor is a potentiometer consisting of an elongated sensor element and a movable runner attached to the anchor, which is supported on the sensor element. Using the determined The position of the movable organ of the contactor is changed during the Switching the coil current over the entire displacement distance controlled, on the one hand the closing force of the contactor increased and secondly the electrical and mechanical Durability of the device is improved. To control the Coil current, the coil is connected to a current sensor in series. The coil current is dependent on the difference between target coil current and measured actual coil current controlled by a pulse modulation circuit, the Coil current depends on the level of pulse size modulation.

Eine weitere Schaltmagnetansteuerung ist aus der DE 38 22 342 C2 bekannt, wobei die Schaltmagnetansteuerung eine Reihe von Lichtschranken, bestehend aus Fotodioden und einer Reihe von lichtemittierenden Dioden hat, welche zu beiden Seiten des Ankers angeordnet sind. Der Anker hat eine Lichtunterbrechungsmarkierung, die den Lichtpfad der einzelnen Lichtschranken beim Verfahren des Ankers einzeln bzw. nacheinander unterbricht. Hierdurch kann die Position des Ankers bzw. der Schaltkontakte genauestens bestimmt werden. Durch Verarbeitung der Positionssignale der einzelnen Lichtschranken ist es möglich, ein ungleichmäßiges Schalten des Schützes über alle drei Phasen des zu schließenden und zu öffnenden Stromkreises hinweg zu erkennen. Wenn das Schütz angezogen hat, das heißt die Spule den Anker und die Schaltkontakte in die EIN-Stellung verfahren hat, beginnt die Haltephase, in der der Anker von der Spule nicht mehr beschleunigt, sondern lediglich in der EIN-Stellung gehalten werden muß. Hierbei ist es aus Energiespargründen allgemein üblich, den Haltestrom in der Spule während dieser Phase derart einzustellen, daß der Anker gerade noch angezogen bleibt. Der Spulenstrom kann somit während der Haltephase relativ klein gewählt werden. Ein kleiner Haltestrom hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß schon bei geringen Erschütterungen der Anker und gegebenenfalls etwas später die Schaltkontakte aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt werden können, wodurch der vom Schütz geschlossene Stromkreis ungewollt unterbrochen werden kann.Another switching magnet control is from DE 38 22 342 C2 known, the shift solenoid control a number of Photoelectric sensors consisting of photodiodes and a series of has light emitting diodes, which on both sides of the Anchor are arranged. The anchor has a light interruption mark, the light path of the individual light barriers interrupts individually or one after the other when moving the anchor. This allows the position of the anchor or the Switch contacts can be determined precisely. By processing it is the position signals of the individual light barriers possible, an uneven switching of the contactor over all three phases of the circuit to be closed and opened to recognize. If the contactor has picked up, that is the coil the armature and the switch contacts in the ON position has moved, the holding phase begins, in which the anchor of the coil no longer accelerates, but only in the ON position must be kept. Here it is for energy saving reasons common, the holding current in the coil adjust during this phase so that the anchor is straight still remains dressed. The coil current can thus during the Hold phase can be chosen relatively small. A small holding current has the disadvantage, however, that even with slight vibrations the armature and, if necessary, the switching contacts a little later can be deflected from the ON position, whereby the circuit closed by the contactor is unintentionally interrupted can be.

Aus der DE 40 31 427 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum energiereduzierten Betrieb eines elektromagnetischen Stellgliedes bekannt, bei dem zum Schalten des Stellgliedes eine maximale elektrische Leistung zugeführt wird, und nach dem Schalten die zugeführte Leistung auf einen zum Halten des Schaltzustandes ausreichenden Wert abgesenkt wird, wobei der eingenommene Schaltzustand ständig überwacht und bei einer Veränderung des Schaltzustandes, das heißt durch eine Rückwirkung des zu stellenden Kreises auf das Stellglied, dem Stellglied für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer eine erhöhte, insbesondere die maximale Leistung zugeführt wird. Nach Erreichen des Schaltzustandes des Stellgliedes wird die ihm zugeführte Leistung auf eine den Beginn einer Schaltzustandsänderung zulassenden Minimalleistung verringert, bei Erreichen der Minimalleistung wird dem Stellglied die erhöhte elektrische Leistung aufgeschaltet, und nach einer vorgebbaren Zeitdauer wird die elektrische Leistung erneut auf einen Leistungswert abgesenkt, welcher der Minimalleistung plus einer vorgebbaren Sicherheitsreserveleistung entspricht. Damit ergibt sich eine selbsttätige Anpassung der Minimalleistung an den notwendigen Leistungswert. Insbesondere ist eine überwachungsschaltung mit einem im elektrischen Kreis des Stellgliedes angeordneten Sensorwiderstand vorgesehen. Mit diesem Verfahren können vom zu stellenden Kreis ausgehende Rückwirkungen, insbesondere Druckanstiege in einem hydraulischen Kreis, auf das Stellglied ausgeregelt werden. Derartige Rückwirkungen sind bei Schaltmagneten von Schützen nicht zu beobachten. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr, daß nach dem Auftreten von starken Schockbelastungen des Ankers die zum Halten erforderliche Leistung einen unzulässigen, das heißt die Spule überlastenden Wert erreicht. DE 40 31 427 A1 describes a method for reducing energy Operation of an electromagnetic actuator known in which a maximum electrical for switching the actuator Power is supplied, and after switching the supplied Power on one to keep the switching state sufficient value is lowered, the ingested Switching status constantly monitored and when the Switching state, that is, by a reaction of the circle on the actuator, the actuator for a predetermined period of time an increased, especially the maximum Power is supplied. After reaching the switching state of the actuator, the power supplied to it to the Start of a minimum power permitting a switching state change is reduced when the minimum power is reached the increased electrical power is applied to the actuator, and after a predeterminable period of time the electrical Performance again reduced to a performance value which is the Minimum performance plus a specifiable safety reserve performance corresponds. This results in an automatic Adjustment of the minimum output to the necessary output value. In particular, a monitoring circuit with a electrical circuit of the actuator arranged sensor resistance intended. With this procedure, you can submit Circular outgoing effects, especially pressure increases in a hydraulic circuit, adjusted to the actuator become. Such reactions are in the case of switching magnets Protect not to watch. There is also a risk that after the occurrence of severe shock loads on the anchor the power required to hold an impermissible, the is called the coil overload value reached.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schaltmagnetansteuerung bereitzustellen, mit der ein ungewolltes Auslenken des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung sofort erkannt wird.The object of the invention is therefore a solenoid control to provide with the unwanted deflection of the Anchor is recognized immediately from the ON position.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Sensor derart zur Markierung angeordnet ist, daß bei einer kleinen Auslenkung des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung der Sensor die Markierung detektiert und ein entsprechendes Signal an die Schaltmagnetansteuerung aussendet. Eine derartige Anordnung des Sensors hat den Vorteil, daß kleine Auslenkungen des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung heraus von dem Sensor sofort erfaßt werden und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung unmittelbar geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten kann. Nach Feststellung der ungewollten Auslenkung wird mittels einer Spannungsversorgung der Spule einen maximalen möglichen Strom in der Spule einstellt bzw. einregelt, damit ein das von der Spule aufgebaute Magnetfeld eine maximale Stärke erreicht, und der Anker vom Magnetfeld in Richtung der EIN-Stellung beschleunigt wird. Um die Spule thermisch nicht zu überlasten und um den Spulenstrom durch das ungewollte Abfallen des Schützes nicht zu groß werden zu lassen, wird das Magnetfeld nur für eine ganz bestimmte Zeit aufgebaut. Erreicht der Anker während dieser vorbestimmten maximalen Zeit nicht die EIN-Stellung, so schaltet die Schaltmagnetansteuerung das Schütz ab.This object is achieved in that the Sensor is arranged for marking so that at a small displacement of the armature from the ON position of the sensor the marking is detected and a corresponding signal is sent to the Shift solenoid control sends out. Such an arrangement The sensor has the advantage that small deflections of the Anchor from the ON position by the sensor immediately be detected and the solenoid control immediately take appropriate countermeasures. After finding the unwanted deflection is by means of a voltage supply the coil sets a maximum possible current in the coil or adjusts so that the one built up by the coil Magnetic field reaches a maximum strength, and the anchor from Magnetic field is accelerated in the direction of the ON position. Around not to overload the coil thermally and around the coil current not too large due to the unintentional dropout of the contactor the magnetic field is only for a very specific one Time built up. The anchor reaches during this predetermined maximum time is not in the ON position, it switches the solenoid control switches off the contactor.

Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn mittels eines Strommessers der Ist-Strom der Spule bestimmbar ist und ein vorbestimmbarer maximaler Soll-Strom mittels eines Regelkreises in der Spule einregelbar ist, sobald der Sensor den Anker detektiert, und der maximale Soll-Strom ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, welches den Anker in die EIN-Stellung drückt.It is useful if the by means of an ammeter Actual current of the coil can be determined and a predeterminable one maximum target current by means of a control loop in the coil can be adjusted as soon as the sensor detects the armature, and the maximum target current generates a magnetic field that the Presses the anchor into the ON position.

Erreicht der Anker während der vorbestimmbaren maximalen Zeit die EIN-Stellung, so senkt die Schaltmagnetansteuerung die Stärke des Magnetfeldes bzw. den durch die Spule fließenden Strom auf eine vorbestimmte minimale Stärke soweit, daß der Anker gerade noch nicht abfällt.Reaches the anchor during the predeterminable maximum time the ON position, the solenoid control lowers the Strength of the magnetic field or that flowing through the coil Current to a predetermined minimum strength so far that the Anchor just doesn't drop off.

Der Sensor ist dabei vorteilhaft eine Lichtschranke, ein mechanischer Schalter, ein Hall-Detektor oder ein Induktionsschalter.The sensor is advantageously a light barrier mechanical switch, a Hall detector or an induction switch.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1a:
eine schematische Darstellung eines elektronisch gesteuerten Schützes in der EIN-Stellung;
Figur 1b:
eine schematische Darstellung eines elektronisch gesteuerten Schützes, dessen Anker durch eine Störung aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt ist;
Figur 2:
ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm zur Darstellung der Positionsänderung des Ankers und die dazugehörige Soll-Stromkurve;
Figur 3:
ein Flußdiagramm zur Darstellung des Programmablaufs während der Haltephase und
Figur 4:
ein Blockschaltbild der elektronischen Schaltmagnetansteuerung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
Figure 1a:
a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor in the ON position;
Figure 1b:
a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor, the armature of which is deflected from the ON position by a fault;
Figure 2:
a path-time diagram to show the change in position of the armature and the associated target current curve;
Figure 3:
a flowchart to show the program flow during the holding phase and
Figure 4:
a block diagram of the electronic solenoid control.

Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein elektronisch gesteuertes Schütz 2, mittels dem mindestens eine Phase 15 eines Schaltkreises unterbrochen oder geschlossen werden kann. Der Schaltkontakt 5 ist geschlossen. Der durch eine Kontaktkraftfeder 5a druckbeaufschlagte Schaltkontakt 5 ist mit einem Anker 4 in loser Verbindung, der mittels der Spule 7 verfahrbar ist. Durch Anlegen einer Spannung USpule an die Anschlußdrähte 7a der Spule 7 fließt in dieser ein Strom Iist , welcher ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das den Anker 4 in die Spule 7 hineinzieht. Zwischen der EIN-Stellung (Fig. l) und der AUS-Stellung legt der Anker 4 eine Hubstrecke zurück. Der Anker 4 hat dabei eine Markierung 4a, welche mittels des Sensors S, 3a detektiert wird, sobald die Markierung 4a an dem Sensor S, 3a vorbeifährt. Dabei kann der Sensor S, 3a eine Lichtschranke sein, wobei S der Photodetektor und 3a die Lichtquelle ist. Die Markierung 4a ist eine Ausnehmung oder Bohrung. Der Photodetektor S und die Lichtquelle 3a sind mittels der Zuführungsleitungen 3b, 3c mit der in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Schaltmagnetansteuerung verbunden.1 shows an electronically controlled contactor 2, by means of which at least one phase 15 of a circuit can be interrupted or closed. The switch contact 5 is closed. The switching contact 5 pressurized by a contact force spring 5a is in loose connection with an armature 4 which can be moved by means of the coil 7. By applying a voltage U coil to the lead wires 7a of the coil 7 flows in this current I, which generates a magnetic field which draws the armature 4 in the coil. 7 The armature 4 covers a stroke distance between the ON position (FIG. 1) and the OFF position. The armature 4 has a marking 4a which is detected by the sensor S, 3a as soon as the marking 4a passes the sensor S, 3a. The sensor S, 3a can be a light barrier, S being the photodetector and 3a being the light source. The marking 4a is a recess or bore. The photodetector S and the light source 3a are connected by means of the feed lines 3b, 3c to the switching magnet control, not shown in FIG. 1.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm der Markierung 4a des Ankers 4. Zum Zeitpunkt t=0 ist das Schütz 2 eingeschaltet, das heißt, der Anker 4 befindet sich in der EIN-Stellung und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung gibt dem Haltestrom IHalten vor. Durch eine äußere Störung, wie zum Beispiel Schock, wird zum Zeitpunkt T1 der Anker 4 mit seiner Markierung 4a in Richtung zur AUS-Stellung ausgelenkt, wobei die Markierung 4a vom Sensor S, 3a detektiert und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung den maximalen Soll-Strom Imax vorgibt. Der Anker 4 muß dabei noch nicht soweit ausgelenkt worden sein, daß auch der Schaltkontakt 5 ausgelenkt wurde. In der Spule 7 wird nun ein starkes Magnetfeld aufgebaut, welches versucht, den Anker 4 in die EIN-Stellung zu drücken. Zu einem nachfolgenden Zeitpunkt T2 wird die Markierung 4a nicht mehr detektiert. Die Schaltmagnetansteuerung wertet dies dahingehend, daß der Anker 4 sich wieder in der EIN-Stellung befindet und gibt wieder den Haltestrom IHalten vor. FIG. 2 shows a path-time diagram of the marking 4a of the armature 4. At the point in time t = 0, the contactor 2 is switched on, that is to say the armature 4 is in the ON position and the switching magnet control specifies the holding current I Hold . Due to an external disturbance, such as shock, the armature 4 with its marking 4a is deflected towards the OFF position at the time T 1 , the marking 4a being detected by the sensor S, 3a and the solenoid control triggering the maximum target current I max pretends. The armature 4 does not have to be deflected so far that the switch contact 5 has also been deflected. A strong magnetic field is now built up in the coil 7, which tries to push the armature 4 into the ON position. At a subsequent time T 2 , the marking 4a is no longer detected. The solenoid control evaluates this in that the armature 4 is again in the ON position and again specifies the holding current I Hold .

Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt T3 wird der Anker 4 erneut durch eine Störung aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt, und die Markierung 4a wird vom Sensor S, 3a erfaßt, worauf die Schaltmagnetansteuerung erneut den maximalen Anzugsstrom Imax vorgibt. Nach Ablauf einer nachfolgenden vorbestimmten maximalen Zeit tmax ist der Anker 4 noch nicht wieder in der EIN-Stellung. Dies kann zum Beispiel an einer zu starken Auslenkung des Ankers 4 liegen. Damit die Spule 7 durch die thermische Belastung nicht zerstört wird und andere elektrische Geräte nicht durch einen vom ausgelenkten Schütz 2 verursachten Fehlstrom unsymmetrisch belastet werden, schaltet die Schaltmagnetansteuerung das Schütz zum Zeitpunkt T4 ab und sendet eine Störmeldung an eine übergeordnete Steuerung oder andere Schütze, wodurch diese ebenfalls ausgelöst werden.At a later time T 3 , the armature 4 is again deflected out of the ON position by a disturbance, and the marking 4a is detected by the sensor S, 3a, whereupon the switching magnet control again specifies the maximum starting current I max . After a subsequent predetermined maximum time t max , the armature 4 is not yet in the ON position again. This may be due to an excessive deflection of the armature 4, for example. So that the coil 7 is not destroyed by the thermal load and other electrical devices are not unbalanced by a fault current caused by the deflected contactor 2, the switching magnet control switches off the contactor at time T 4 and sends a fault message to a higher-level control or other contactors, whereby these are also triggered.

Der Sensor S, 3a kann von der Gestalt sein, daß er die Markierung 4a über eine relativ lange Wegstrecke detektiert. Dies kann auch durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Markierung erreicht werden. Der Sensor S, 3a kann jedoch auch aus mehreren längs der Verfahrrichtung angeordneten Einzelsensoren zusammengesetzt sein, mittels derer die Bewegungsrichtung und die Geschwindigkeit des Ankers 4 bzw. dessen Markierung 4a bestimmbar ist. Dabei kann zum Beispiel die Zeit tmax je nach Position, Geschwindigkeit und Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers 4 neu berechnet werden, um den Anker 4 mit großer Sicherheit in die EIN-Stellung zu verfahren.The sensor S, 3a can be of the form that it detects the marking 4a over a relatively long distance. This can also be achieved by appropriately designing the marking. However, the sensor S, 3a can also be composed of a plurality of individual sensors arranged along the direction of travel, by means of which the direction of movement and the speed of the armature 4 or its marking 4a can be determined. For example, the time t max can be recalculated depending on the position, speed and direction of movement of the armature 4 in order to move the armature 4 into the ON position with great certainty.

Ein Programm zum Halten eines Schützes 2 in der EIN-Stellung für die erfindungsgemäße Schaltmagnetansteuerung ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Sobald der Einschaltvorgang beendet worden ist, das heißt, der Anker 4 angezogen hat, wird die Haltephase eingeleitet und der Haltestrom IHalten vorgegeben (Schritt S1). Das Programm prüft daraufhin laufend, ob die Markierung 4a vom Sensor S, 3a detektiert worden ist (Schritte S2 und S3). Sobald durch eine Störung der Sensor S, 3a die Markierung 4a detektiert (Schritt S2) zweigt das Programm zu Schritt S4 ab, und der maximale Soll-Strom Imax wird vorgegeben, wobei ein nicht dargestellter Zähler zurückgesetzt und gestartet wird. Das Programm durchläuft nun solange die durch Schritte S4, S5 und S6 gebildete Schleife, bis die maximale Zeit tmax überschritten ist (Schritt S5) oder der Anker 4 wieder in die EIN-Stellung zurückgekehrt ist, wobei im letzteren Falle der Sensor S, 3a die Markierung 4a nicht mehr detektiert (Schritt S6). Ist die maximale Zeit tmax überschritten, so zweigt das Programm zu Schritt S7 ab, wobei eine Fehlermeldung an eine übergeordnete Steuerung gesendet wird, und leitet danach mit Schritt S8 den Ausschaltvorgang ein. Wird während der maximalen Soll-Stromvorgabe die EIN-Stellung vom Anker 4 erreicht, so wird dies mit Schritt S6 ermittelt, und das Programm kehrt zu Schritt S1 zurück. Der normale Haltestrom IHalten wird dann wieder solange vorgegeben, bis das Schütz 2 abgeschaltet wird oder der Anker 4 durch eine Störung ungewollt ausgelenkt wird.A program for holding a contactor 2 in the ON position for the solenoid control according to the invention is shown in FIG. As soon as the switch-on process has ended, that is to say the armature 4 has attracted, the holding phase is initiated and the holding current I Hold is specified (step S1). The program then continuously checks whether the marking 4a has been detected by the sensor S, 3a (steps S2 and S3). As soon as the sensor S, 3a detects the marker 4a (step S2) due to a fault, the program branches to step S4, and the maximum target current I max is specified, a counter (not shown) being reset and started. The program now runs through the loop formed by steps S4, S5 and S6 until the maximum time t max has been exceeded (step S5) or the armature 4 has returned to the ON position, in the latter case the sensor S, 3a the marker 4a is no longer detected (step S6). If the maximum time t max has been exceeded, the program branches to step S7, an error message being sent to a higher-level controller, and then initiates the switch-off process with step S8. If the ON position is reached by the armature 4 during the maximum target current specification, this is determined in step S6 and the program returns to step S1. The normal holding current I holding is then again specified until the contactor 2 is switched off or the armature 4 is deflected unintentionally by a fault.

Die Figur 4 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild einer möglichen Schaltmagnetansteuerung 1. Mittels konventionellen Eingabemitteln 13, wie zum Beispiel einem Befehlssschalter oder ähnlichem, kann der Einschaltvorgang oder der Ausschaltvorgang des Schützes 2 eingeleitet werden. Es ist hierbei von Vorteil, wenn die Schaltmagnetansteuerung 1 eine Hilfsenergieversorgung 16 hat und die Ansteuerung über einen Daten- und Steuerbus 12 vollzogen wird. Mittels eines Spannungsstellers 9 wird die an der Spule 7 anliegende Spulenspannung USpule in Abhängigkeit der Differenz zwischen Iist und Isoll eingeregelt. Mittels eines Ansteuerungsblockes 17 und eines Wegsensors 3 wird der Zeitmesser 10 gesteuert, das heißt rückgesetzt und/oder gestartet. Der zur Ankerstellung entsprechende Strom-Sollwert Isoll wird dabei vorteilhaft in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher 11 abgespeichert, bei Bedarf ausgelesen und einem Vergleicher 20 zugeführt. Mittels des Strommessers 6 wird der Ist-Strom Iist der Spule 7 ermittelt und ebenfalls dem Vergleicher 20 zugeführt. Sowohl der Ist-Strom Iist , als auch die Signale des Wegsensors 3 und des Kontaktsystems 5 werden einem Meldeblock 19 zugeführt. Der Meldeblock 19 kommuniziert mittels des Daten- und Steuerbusses 12 mit anderen, nicht dargestellten elektronischen Geräten. Die Schaltmagnetansteuerung 1 hat darüberhinaus eine Aussteuerschaltung 18, mittels der das Schütz 2 ausgeschaltet wird.FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a possible switching magnet control 1. The switching on or off of the contactor 2 can be initiated by means of conventional input means 13, such as a command switch or the like. It is advantageous here if the solenoid control 1 has an auxiliary power supply 16 and the control is carried out via a data and control bus 12. By means of a voltage regulator 9, the coil voltage U coil applied to the coil 7 is adjusted as a function of the difference between I ist and I soll . The timer 10 is controlled, ie reset and / or started, by means of a control block 17 and a displacement sensor 3. The corresponding position to the armature current target value I is in this case intended to be stored advantageously in a nonvolatile memory 11, read out if necessary, and fed to a comparator 20th The actual current I ist the coil 7 is determined by means of the ammeter 6 and is also fed to the comparator 20. Both the actual current I ist and the signals from the displacement sensor 3 and the contact system 5 are fed to a message block 19. The message block 19 communicates by means of the data and control bus 12 with other electronic devices, not shown. The solenoid control 1 also has a control circuit 18 by means of which the contactor 2 is switched off.

Claims (4)

  1. Electronic switching magnet activation for contactors, with the contactor (2) having a coil (7) which activates switching contacts (5) via an armature (4) that moves between an ON position and an OFF position, and with the switching magnet activation (1) having a sensor (3; S, 3a) which makes it possible to determine the position of the armature (4) that may be driven by the coil (7), while the armature (4) carries a mark (4a) which is detectable by the sensor (3; S, 3a) characterised in that the sensor (3; S, 3a) is located with regard to the mark (4a) in such a way that the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the mark (4a) in the event of a small displacement of the armature (4) from the ON position, and sends a corresponding signal to the switching magnet activation (1), that the switching magnet activation (1) energises the coil (7) by applying a voltage in such a way that the coil (7) creates a maximum magnetic field which drives the armature (4) in the direction of the ON position as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the mark (4a), and that the switching magnet activation (1) sets or adjusts the intensity of the maximum magnetic field for a maximum period of time (tmax) which may be predetermined, and switches it off after the end of the maximum period of time (tmax).
  2. Electronic switching magnet activation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the actual current (Iist) of the coil (7) can be determined by a current measuring instrument (6), and that a setpoint current (Imax), which may be predetermined, may be adjusted in the coil (7) by means of a feedback control system as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) has detected the armature (4), and the maximum setpoint current (Imax) creates a magnetic field which pushes the armature (4) in the ON position.
  3. Electronic switching magnet activation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the switching magnet activation (1) reduces the intensity of the magnetic field to a minimum intensity, which may be predetermined, as soon as the armature (4) has reached the ON position within a maximum period of time (tmax), which may be predetermined, or as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) does not detect the armature (4) any longer.
  4. Electronic switching magnet activation as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the sensor (3; S 3a) is a light barrier, a mechanical switch, a Hall detector, or an induction switch.
EP97900577A 1996-02-06 1997-01-09 Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor Expired - Lifetime EP0879475B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19605759 1996-02-06
DE19605759A DE19605759A1 (en) 1996-02-06 1996-02-06 Electronic switching magnet control for holding a contactor
PCT/EP1997/000054 WO1997029502A1 (en) 1996-02-06 1997-01-09 Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor

Publications (2)

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EP0879475A1 EP0879475A1 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0879475B1 true EP0879475B1 (en) 1999-09-29

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AT (1) ATE185218T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1997029502A1 (en)

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US5983105A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-11-09 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method and receiver implemented on the rake principle
JP2007047270A (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-22 Komori Corp Abnormal state judgement method and device

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DE3239840C2 (en) * 1982-10-27 1986-11-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic switching devices
JPH0792016B2 (en) * 1986-06-09 1995-10-09 三菱電機株式会社 Failure detection circuit for fuel injection valve drive circuit for internal combustion engine
DE3822342A1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp CIRCUIT BREAKER
DE4129265A1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-04 Mannesmann Ag ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHGEAR
FR2702880B1 (en) * 1993-03-17 1995-04-28 Telemecanique Electromagnetic switch device.
DE4430867A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-07 Licentia Gmbh Electromagnetic drive for switching Apparatus

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DE19605759A1 (en) 1997-08-07
ATE185218T1 (en) 1999-10-15
DE59700505D1 (en) 1999-11-04
EP0879475A1 (en) 1998-11-25
WO1997029502A1 (en) 1997-08-14

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