EP0879475A1 - Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor - Google Patents

Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor

Info

Publication number
EP0879475A1
EP0879475A1 EP97900577A EP97900577A EP0879475A1 EP 0879475 A1 EP0879475 A1 EP 0879475A1 EP 97900577 A EP97900577 A EP 97900577A EP 97900577 A EP97900577 A EP 97900577A EP 0879475 A1 EP0879475 A1 EP 0879475A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
sensor
coil
magnet control
switching magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97900577A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0879475B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dieter NÜRENBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Moeller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Kloeckner Moeller GmbH filed Critical Kloeckner Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP0879475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0879475A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/168—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off" making use of an electromagnetic wave communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic switching magnet control for contactors, the contactor having a coil which drives switching contacts via an armature, which moves between an ON and an OFF position, and the switching magnet control has a sensor with which the position of the armature that can be driven by the coil can be determined, with a mark on the armature that can be detected by the sensor.
  • a contactor is an electromechanical switch, the output of which is to close or disconnect a circuit.
  • the contactor has one or more electrical contacts that are opened or closed depending on the position of the armature that moves them.
  • the armature is moved back and forth by means of a coil, a DC voltage being applied to the coil, which can be clocked, among other things, to set a specific coil current.
  • a switching device in which the position of the movable member, in particular the armature of a contactor, can be determined during the switching process by means of a sensor.
  • the sensor is a potentiometer, consisting of an elongated sensor element and a movable rotor attached to the armature, which is supported on the sensing element.
  • the coil current is controlled over the entire displacement distance during the switching process, which on the one hand increases the closing force of the contactor and on the other hand improves the electrical and mechanical durability of the device.
  • a current sensor is connected in series to the coil. The coil current is controlled as a function of the difference between the target coil current and the measured actual coil current by means of a pulse modulation circuit, the coil current depending on the level of the pulse size modulation.
  • Another switching magnet control is known from DE 38 22 342 C2, the switching magnet control having a number of light barriers consisting of photodiodes and a number of light-emitting diodes which are arranged on both sides of the armature.
  • the armature has a light interruption marking which interrupts the light path of the individual light barriers individually or in succession when the armature is moved. In this way, the position of the armature or the switching contacts can be determined precisely.
  • By processing the position signals of the individual light barriers it is possible to detect an uneven switching of the contactor across all three phases of the circuit to be closed and opened. When the contactor has picked up, i.e.
  • the holding phase begins, in which the armature no longer accelerates from the coil, but only has to be held in the ON position.
  • the coil current can thus be selected to be relatively small during the hold * : ase.
  • a small holding current has the disadvantage, however, that the armature, and possibly a little later, the switching contacts can be deflected out of the ON position, whereby the circuit closed by the protection can be unintentionally interrupted.
  • the power supplied to it is reduced to a minimum power permitting the start of a change in the switching state, when the minimum power is reached the increased electrical power is applied to the actuator, and after a predeterminable period of time the electrical power is reduced again to a power value , which corresponds to the minimum power plus a specifiable safety reserve power.
  • a monitoring circuit with a sensor resistor arranged in the electrical circuit of the actuator is provided. This method can be used to compensate for the actuator from the circuit to be set, in particular pressure increases in a hydraulic circuit. Such repercussions are not to be observed in contactor solenoids.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a switching magnet control with which an undesired deflection of the armature from the ON position is immediately recognized.
  • the senor is arranged for marking such that when the armature is deflected slightly from the ON position, the sensor detects the marking and sends a corresponding signal to the switching magnet control.
  • Such an arrangement of the sensor has the advantage that small deflections of the armature from the ON position are immediately detected by the sensor and the switching magnet control can immediately initiate suitable countermeasures. After detection of the unwanted deflection, a maximum possible current in the coil is set or regulated by means of a voltage supply to the coil, so that a magnetic field built up by the coil reaches a maximum strength and the armature accelerates from the magnetic field in the direction of the ON position becomes.
  • the magnetic field is only built up for a very specific time. If the armature does not reach the ON position during this predetermined maximum time, the solenoid control switches the contactor off.
  • the actual current of the coil can be determined by means of a current meter and a predeterminable maximum target current can be regulated by means of a control circuit in the coil as soon as the sensor detects the armature and the maximum target current generates a magnetic field. which pushes the armature into the ON position.
  • the solenoid control lowers it Strength of the magnetic field or the current flowing through the coil to a predetermined minimum strength to such an extent that the armature does not yet drop.
  • the sensor is advantageously a light barrier, a mechanical switch, a Hall detector or an induction switch.
  • Figure la a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor in the ON position
  • FIG. 1b a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor, the armature of which is deflected out of the ON position by a fault;
  • FIG. 2 a path-time diagram to show the change in position of the armature and the associated target current curve
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the program flow during the holding phase
  • Figure 4 a block diagram of the electronic switching magnet control.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electronically controlled contactor 2, by means of which at least one phase 15 of a circuit can be interrupted or closed.
  • the switch contact 5 is closed.
  • the switching contact 5 pressurized by a contact force spring 5a is in loose connection with an armature 4 which can be moved by means of the coil 7.
  • U s le By applying a voltage U s le to the lead wires 7a of the coil 7 flows in this current I, which generates a magnetic field which draws the armature 4 in the coil.
  • the armature 4 covers a stroke distance between the ON position (FIG. 1) and the OFF position.
  • the armature 4 has a marking 4a which is detected by the sensor S, 3a as soon as the marking 4a passes the sensor S, 3a.
  • the sensor S, 3a can be a light barrier, S being the photodetector and 3a being the light source.
  • the marking 4a is a recess or bore.
  • the photodetector S and the light source 3a are connected by means of the feed lines 3b, 3c to the switching magnet control, not shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a path-time diagram of the marking 4a of the armature 4.
  • the contactor 2 is switched on, that is to say the armature 4 is in the ON position and the switching magnet control specifies the holding current I Hold .
  • An external disturbance such as shock, causes the armature 4 with its marking 4a to deflect towards the OFF position at the time T 1 , the marking 4a being detected by the sensor S, 3a and the solenoid control triggering the maximum target current Imax " pretends * .
  • the armature 4 does not have to be deflected so far that the switch contact 5 has also been deflected.
  • a strong magnetic field is now built up in the coil 7, which tries to push the armature 4 into the ON position.
  • the marking 4a is no longer detected.
  • the switching magnet control evaluates this in that the armature 4 is again in the ON position and again specifies the holding current I Hold .
  • the armature 4 is again deflected out of the ON position by a disturbance, and the marking 4a is detected by the sensor S, 3a, whereupon the switching magnet control again specifies the maximum starting current I.
  • the armature 4 is not yet in the ON position again. This may be due to an excessive deflection of the armature 4, for example.
  • the switching magnet control switches off the contactor at time T 4 and sends a fault message to a higher-level control or other contactors, whereby these are also triggered.
  • the sensor S, 3a can be of the form that it detects the marking 4a over a relatively long distance. This can also be achieved by an appropriate design of the marking. However, the sensor S, 3a can also be composed of a plurality of individual sensors arranged along the direction of travel, by means of which the direction of movement and the speed of the armature 4 or its marking 4a can be determined. For example, the time t ma ⁇ can be recalculated depending on the position, speed and direction of movement of the armature 4 in order to move the armature 4 into the ON position with great certainty.
  • a program for holding a contactor 2 in the ON position for the solenoid control according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the holding phase is initiated and the holding current I Hold is predetermined (step S1).
  • the program then continuously checks whether the marking 4a has been detected by the sensor S, 3a (steps S2 and S3).
  • the program branches off to step S4, and the maximum target current I ma ⁇ is specified, wherein a counter, not shown, is reset and started.
  • the program now runs through the loop formed by steps S4, S5 and S6 until the maximum time t.
  • step S5 ⁇ Has been exceeded (step S5) or the armature 4 has returned to the ON position, the sensor in the latter case S, 3a no longer detects the marking 4a (step S6). If the maximum time t ma ⁇ is exceeded, the program branches to step S7, an error message being sent to a higher-level control system, and then initiates the switch-off process with step S8. If the ON position of armature 4 is reached during the maximum target current specification, this is determined in step S6 and the program returns to step S1. The normal holding current I u Ha ", t" t “s is then determined again as long, is cut off by the contactor 2 or the armature is deflected accidentally by disturbance. 4
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a possible switching magnet control 1.
  • the switching-on or switching-off process of the contactor 2 can be initiated by means of conventional input means 13, such as a command switch or the like. It is advantageous here if the switching magnet control 1 has an auxiliary power supply 16 and the control is carried out via a data and control bus 12.
  • the coil voltage U s le applied to the coil 7 is adjusted as a function of the difference between I jst and I u by means of a voltage regulator 9.
  • the timer 10 is controlled, that is reset and / or started, by means of a control block 17 and a displacement sensor 3.
  • the current setpoint I soU corresponding to the armature position is advantageously stored in a non-volatile memory 11, read out if necessary and fed to a comparator 20.
  • the actual current I. of the coil 7 is determined by means of the ammeter 6 and is likewise fed to the comparator 20. Both the actual current I. st and the signals from the displacement sensor 3 and the contact system 5 become a message block 19 fed.
  • the message block 19 communicates by means of the data and control bus 12 with other electronic devices, not shown.
  • the solenoid control 1 also has a control circuit 18 by means of which the contactor 2 is switched off.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic switch magnet control system (1) for contactors (2). The contactor (2) has a coil (7) which drives switching contacts (5) via an armature (4) moving between an ON and OFF position. The switch magnet control system (1) also has a sensor (S, 3a) used to determine the position of the armature (4) driven by the coil (7). A mark (4a) joined to the armature (4) can be detected by the sensor (S, 3a). The sensor (S, 3a) is arranged with respect to the mark (4a) in such a manner that when the armature (4) deviates to a small extent from the ON position the sensor (S, 3a) detects the mark (4a) and sends an appropriate signal to the switch magnet control system (1). So, a maximum magnetic field is generated which drives the armature (4) towards the ON position as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the mark (4a), the strength of said maximum magnetic field being set or adjusted for a predetermined maximum time (tmax) and cut off at the end of said maximum time (tmax).

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung zum Halten eines SchützesElectronic switching magnet control for holding a contactor
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektronische Schaltmagnetan¬ steuerung für Schütze, wobei das Schütz eine Spule hat, welche über einen Anker Schaltkontakte antreibt, der zwischen einer EIN- und einer AUS-Stellung verfährt, und die Schaltmagnetan¬ steuerung einen Sensor hat, mit dem die Position des von der Spule antreibbaren Ankers bestimmbar ist, wobei eine Markie¬ rung an dem Anker ist, die von dem Sensor detektierbar ist.The invention relates to an electronic switching magnet control for contactors, the contactor having a coil which drives switching contacts via an armature, which moves between an ON and an OFF position, and the switching magnet control has a sensor with which the position of the armature that can be driven by the coil can be determined, with a mark on the armature that can be detected by the sensor.
Ein Schütz ist ein elektromechanischer Schalter, dessen Aus¬ gabe es ist, einen Stromkreis zu schließen oder zu trennen. Zu diesem Zweck besitzt das Schütz ein oder mehrere elektrische Kontakte, die je nach Stellung des sie bewegenden Ankers geöffnet oder geschlossen werden. Der Anker wird dabei mittels einer Spule hin und her verfahren, wobei die Spule mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagt wird, die zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Spulenstroms unter anderem getaktet werden kann.A contactor is an electromechanical switch, the output of which is to close or disconnect a circuit. For this purpose, the contactor has one or more electrical contacts that are opened or closed depending on the position of the armature that moves them. The armature is moved back and forth by means of a coil, a DC voltage being applied to the coil, which can be clocked, among other things, to set a specific coil current.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus der DE 44 09 010 AI ist eine Schaltvorrichtung bekannt, bei der mittels eines Sensors die Position des beweglichen Organs, insbesondere des Ankers eines Schützes, während des Schaltvorgangs bestimmbar ist. Der Sensor ist dabei ein Poten¬ tiometer, bestehend aus einem längsgestreckten Fühlerelement und einem am Anker befestigten beweglichen Läufer, welcher sich auf dem Fühlerelement abstützt. Mittels der ermittelten Position des beweglichen Organs des Schützes wird während des Schaltvorgangs der Spulenstrom über die gesamte Verschiebungs- strecke gesteuert, womit zum einen die Schließkraft des Schüt¬ zes erhöht und zum anderen die elektrische und mechanische Haltbarkeit der Vorrichtung verbessert wird. Zur Steuerung des Spulenstroms ist der Spule ein Stromsensor in Reihe geschal¬ tet. Der Spulenstrom wird dabei in Abhängigkeit der Differenz zwischen Soll-Spulenstrom und gemessenem Ist-Spulenstrom mittels einer Impulsmodulations-Schaltung gesteuert, wobei der Spulenstrom vom Niveau der Impulsgrößenmodulation abhängt.From DE 44 09 010 AI a switching device is known in which the position of the movable member, in particular the armature of a contactor, can be determined during the switching process by means of a sensor. The sensor is a potentiometer, consisting of an elongated sensor element and a movable rotor attached to the armature, which is supported on the sensing element. By means of the determined position of the movable member of the contactor, the coil current is controlled over the entire displacement distance during the switching process, which on the one hand increases the closing force of the contactor and on the other hand improves the electrical and mechanical durability of the device. To control the coil current, a current sensor is connected in series to the coil. The coil current is controlled as a function of the difference between the target coil current and the measured actual coil current by means of a pulse modulation circuit, the coil current depending on the level of the pulse size modulation.
Eine weitere Schaltmagnetansteuerung ist aus der DE 38 22 342 C2 bekannt, wobei die Schaltmagnetansteuerung eine Reihe von Lichtschranken, bestehend aus Fotodioden und einer Reihe von lichtemittierenden Dioden hat, welche zu beiden Seiten des Ankers angeordnet sind. Der Anker hat eine Lichtunterbre¬ chungsmarkierung, die den Lichtpfad der einzelnen Lichtschran- ken beim Verfahren des Ankers einzeln bzw. nacheinander unter¬ bricht. Hierdurch kann die Position des Ankers bzw. der Schaltkontakte genauestens bestimmt werden. Durch Verarbeitung der Positionssignale der einzelnen Lichtschranken ist es möglich, ein ungleichmäßiges Schalten des Schützes über alle drei Phasen des zu schließenden und zu öffnenden Stromkreises hinweg zu erkennen. Wenn das Schütz angezogen hat, das heißt die Spule den Anker und die Schaltkontakte in die EIN-Stellung verfahren hat, beginnt die Haltephase, in der der Anker von der Spule nicht mehr beschleunigt, sondern lediglich in der EIN-Stellung gehalten werden muß. Hierbei ist es aus Energie¬ spargründen allgemein üblich, den Haltestrom in der Spule während dieser Phase derart einzustellen, daß der Anker gerade noch angezogen bleibt. Der Spulenstrom kann somit während der Halte*: ase relativ klein gewählt werden. Ein kleiner Halte- ström hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß schon bei geringen Erschüt¬ terungen der Anker und gegebenenfalls etwas später die Schalt- kontakte aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt werden können, wo¬ durch der vom Schutz geschlossene Stromkreis ungewollt unter¬ brochen werden kann.Another switching magnet control is known from DE 38 22 342 C2, the switching magnet control having a number of light barriers consisting of photodiodes and a number of light-emitting diodes which are arranged on both sides of the armature. The armature has a light interruption marking which interrupts the light path of the individual light barriers individually or in succession when the armature is moved. In this way, the position of the armature or the switching contacts can be determined precisely. By processing the position signals of the individual light barriers, it is possible to detect an uneven switching of the contactor across all three phases of the circuit to be closed and opened. When the contactor has picked up, i.e. the coil has moved the armature and the switch contacts into the ON position, the holding phase begins, in which the armature no longer accelerates from the coil, but only has to be held in the ON position. For energy-saving reasons, it is generally customary here to set the holding current in the coil during this phase in such a way that the armature just remains attracted. The coil current can thus be selected to be relatively small during the hold * : ase. A small holding current has the disadvantage, however, that the armature, and possibly a little later, the switching contacts can be deflected out of the ON position, whereby the circuit closed by the protection can be unintentionally interrupted.
Aus der DE 40 31 427 AI ist ein Verfahren zum energiereduzier¬ ten Betrieb eines elektromagnetischen Stellgliedes bekannt, bei dem zum Schalten des Stellgliedes eine maximale elektri¬ sche Leistung zugeführt wird, und nach dem Schalten die zuge¬ fuhrte Leistung auf einen zum Halten des Schaltzustandes ausreichenden Wert abgesenkt wird, wobei der eingenommene Schaltzustand standig überwacht und bei einer Veränderung des Schaltzustandes, das heißt durch eine Ruckwirkung des zu stellenden Kreises auf das Stellglied, dem Stellglied für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer eine erhöhte, insbesondere die maximale Leistung zugeführt wird. Nach Erreichen des Schaltzustandes des Stellgliedes wird die ihm zugefuhrte Leistung auf eine den Beginn einer Schaltzustandsanderung zulassenden Minimal¬ leistung verringert, bei Erreichen der Minimalleistung wird dem Stellglied die erhöhte elektrische Leistung aufgeschaltet, und nach einer vorgebbaren Zeitdauer wird die elektrische Leistung erneut auf einen Leistungswert abgesenkt, welcher der Minimalleistung plus einer vorgebbaren Sicherheitsreserve¬ leistung entspricht. Damit ergibt sich eine selbsttätige Anpassung der Minimalleistung an den notwendigen Leistungs- wert. Insbesondere ist eine Uberwachungsschaltung mit einem im elektrischen Kreis des Stellgliedes angeordneten Sensorwider¬ stand vorgesehen. Mit diesem Verfahren können vom zu stellen¬ den Kreis ausgehende Ruckwirkungen, insbesondere Druckanstiege in einem hydraulischen Kreis, auf das Stellglied ausgeregelt werden. Derartige Ruckwirkungen sind bei Schaltmagneten von Schützen nicht zu beobachten. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr, daß nach dem Auftreten von starken Schockbelastungen des Ankers die zum Halten erforderliche Leistung einen unzulässigen, das heißt die Spule überlastenden Wert erreicht. Darstellung der ErfindungFrom DE 40 31 427 AI a method for energy-reduced operation of an electromagnetic actuator is known, in which a maximum electrical power is supplied for switching the actuator, and after switching the supplied power to maintain the switching state sufficient value is lowered, the assumed switching state being constantly monitored and, in the event of a change in the switching state, that is to say by a reaction of the circuit to be set on the actuator, an increased, in particular the maximum, power is supplied to the actuator for a predetermined period of time. After the switching state of the actuator has been reached, the power supplied to it is reduced to a minimum power permitting the start of a change in the switching state, when the minimum power is reached the increased electrical power is applied to the actuator, and after a predeterminable period of time the electrical power is reduced again to a power value , which corresponds to the minimum power plus a specifiable safety reserve power. This results in an automatic adjustment of the minimum output to the required output value. In particular, a monitoring circuit with a sensor resistor arranged in the electrical circuit of the actuator is provided. This method can be used to compensate for the actuator from the circuit to be set, in particular pressure increases in a hydraulic circuit. Such repercussions are not to be observed in contactor solenoids. In addition, there is a risk that, after the armature has been subjected to severe shock loads, the power required for holding will reach an inadmissible value, that is to say the coil overloading value. Presentation of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schaltmagnetansteue¬ rung bereitzustellen, mit der ein ungewolltes Auslenken des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung sofort erkannt wird.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a switching magnet control with which an undesired deflection of the armature from the ON position is immediately recognized.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Sensor derart zur Markierung angeordnet ist, daß bei einer kleinen Auslenkung des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung der Sensor die Markierung detektiert und ein entsprechendes Signal an die Schaltmagnetansteuerung aussendet. Eine derartige Anordnung des Sensors hat den Vorteil, daß kleine Auslenkungen des Ankers aus der EIN-Stellung heraus von dem Sensor sofort erfaßt werden und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung unmittelbar geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten kann. Nach Feststellung der ungewollten Auslenkung wird mittels einer Spannungsversorgung der Spule einen maximalen möglichen Strom in der Spule ein¬ stellt bzw. einregelt, damit ein das von der Spule aufgebaute Magnetfeld eine maximale Stärke erreicht, und der Anker vom Magnetfeld in Richtung der EIN-Stellung beschleunigt wird. Um die Spule thermisch nicht zu überlasten und um den Spulenstrom durch das ungewollte Abfallen des Schützes nicht zu groß werden zu lassen, wird das Magnetfeld nur für eine ganz be¬ stimmte Zeit aufgebaut. Erreicht der Anker während dieser vor- bestimmten maximalen Zeit nicht die EIN-Stellung, εo schaltet die Schaltmagnetansteuerung das Schütz ab.This object is achieved in that the sensor is arranged for marking such that when the armature is deflected slightly from the ON position, the sensor detects the marking and sends a corresponding signal to the switching magnet control. Such an arrangement of the sensor has the advantage that small deflections of the armature from the ON position are immediately detected by the sensor and the switching magnet control can immediately initiate suitable countermeasures. After detection of the unwanted deflection, a maximum possible current in the coil is set or regulated by means of a voltage supply to the coil, so that a magnetic field built up by the coil reaches a maximum strength and the armature accelerates from the magnetic field in the direction of the ON position becomes. In order not to overload the coil thermally and to prevent the coil current from becoming too large due to the undesired dropout of the contactor, the magnetic field is only built up for a very specific time. If the armature does not reach the ON position during this predetermined maximum time, the solenoid control switches the contactor off.
Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn mittels eines Strommessers der Ist-Strom der Spule bestimmbar ist und ein vorbestimmbarer maximaler Soll-Strom mittels eines Regelkreises in der Spule einregelbar ist, sobald der Sensor den Anker detektiert, und der maximale Soll-Strom ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, welches den Anker in die EIN-Stellung drückt.It is expedient if the actual current of the coil can be determined by means of a current meter and a predeterminable maximum target current can be regulated by means of a control circuit in the coil as soon as the sensor detects the armature and the maximum target current generates a magnetic field. which pushes the armature into the ON position.
Erreicht der Anker während der vorbestimmbaren maximalen Zeit die EIN-Stellung, so senkt die Schaltmagnetansteuerung die Stärke des Magnetfeldes bzw. den durch die Spule fließenden Strom auf eine vorbestimmte minimale Stärke soweit, daß der Anker gerade noch nicht abfällt.If the armature reaches the ON position during the predeterminable maximum time, the solenoid control lowers it Strength of the magnetic field or the current flowing through the coil to a predetermined minimum strength to such an extent that the armature does not yet drop.
Der Sensor ist dabei vorteilhaft eine Lichtschranke, ein mechanischer Schalter, ein Hall-Detektor oder ein Induktions¬ schalter.The sensor is advantageously a light barrier, a mechanical switch, a Hall detector or an induction switch.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
Figur la: eine schematische Darstellung eines elektronisch gesteuerten Schützes in der EIN-Stellung;Figure la: a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor in the ON position;
Figur lb: eine εchematische Darstellung eines elektronisch gesteuerten Schützes, dessen Anker durch eine Stö- rung aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt ist;FIG. 1b: a schematic representation of an electronically controlled contactor, the armature of which is deflected out of the ON position by a fault;
Figur 2: ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm zur Darstellung der Positions¬ änderung des Ankers und die dazugehörige Soll-Strom¬ kurve;FIG. 2: a path-time diagram to show the change in position of the armature and the associated target current curve;
Figur 3: ein Flußdiagramm zur Darstellung des Programmablaufs während der Haltephase undFigure 3 is a flowchart showing the program flow during the holding phase and
Figur 4: ein Blockschaltbild der elektronischen Schaltmagnet- ansteuerung.Figure 4: a block diagram of the electronic switching magnet control.
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
Die Figur 1 zeigt ein elektronisch gesteuertes Schütz 2, mittels dem mindestens eine Phase 15 eines Schaltkreises unterbrochen oder geschlossen werden kann. Der Schaltkontakt 5 ist geschlossen. Der durch eine Kontaktkraftfeder 5a druck¬ beaufschlagte Schaltkontakt 5 ist mit einem Anker 4 in loser Verbindung, der mittels der Spule 7 verfahrbar ist. Durch Anlegen einer Spannung Us le an die Anschlußdrähte 7a der Spule 7 fließt in dieser ein Strom Iist , welcher ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das den Anker 4 in die Spule 7 hineinzieht. Zwischen der EIN-Stellung (Fig. 1) und der AUS-Stellung legt der Anker 4 eine Hubstrecke zurück. Der Anker 4 hat dabei eine Markie- rung 4a, welche mittels des Sensors S, 3a detektiert wird, sobald die Markierung 4a an dem Sensor S, 3a vorbeifährt. Dabei kann der Sensor S, 3a eine Lichtschranke sein, wobei S der Photodetektor und 3a die Lichtquelle ist. Die Markierung 4a ist eine Ausnehmung oder Bohrung. Der Photodetektor S und die Lichtquelle 3a sind mittels der Zuführungsleitungen 3b, 3c mit der in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Schaltmagnetansteuerung verbunden.FIG. 1 shows an electronically controlled contactor 2, by means of which at least one phase 15 of a circuit can be interrupted or closed. The switch contact 5 is closed. The switching contact 5 pressurized by a contact force spring 5a is in loose connection with an armature 4 which can be moved by means of the coil 7. By applying a voltage U s le to the lead wires 7a of the coil 7 flows in this current I, which generates a magnetic field which draws the armature 4 in the coil. 7 The armature 4 covers a stroke distance between the ON position (FIG. 1) and the OFF position. The armature 4 has a marking 4a which is detected by the sensor S, 3a as soon as the marking 4a passes the sensor S, 3a. The sensor S, 3a can be a light barrier, S being the photodetector and 3a being the light source. The marking 4a is a recess or bore. The photodetector S and the light source 3a are connected by means of the feed lines 3b, 3c to the switching magnet control, not shown in FIG. 1.
Figur 2 zeigt ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm der Markierung 4a des Ankers 4. Zum Zeitpunkt t=0 ist das Schütz 2 eingeschaltet, das heißt, der Anker 4 befindet sich in der EIN-Stellung und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung gibt dem Haltestrom IHalten vor. Durch eine äußere Störung, wie zum Beispiel Schock, wird zum Zeitpunkt T1 der Anker 4 mit seiner Markierung 4a in Richtung zur AUS-Stellung ausgelenkt, wobei die Markierung 4a vom Sensor S, 3a detektiert und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung den maximalen Soll-Strom Imax„ vorg-*ibt. Der Anker 4 muß dabei noch nicht soweit ausgelenkt worden sein, daß auch der Schaltkon¬ takt 5 ausgelenkt wurde. In der Spule 7 wird nun ein starkes Magnetfeld aufgebaut, welches versucht, den Anker 4 in die EIN-Stellung zu drücken. Zu einem nachfolgenden Zeitpunkt T2 wird die Markierung 4a nicht mehr detektiert. Die Schaltma¬ gnetansteuerung wertet dies dahingehend, daß der Anker 4 sich wieder in der EIN-Stellung befindet und gibt wieder den Halte- ström IHalten vor . Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt T3 wird der Anker 4 erneut durch eine Störung aus der EIN-Stellung ausgelenkt, und die Markie¬ rung 4a wird vom Sensor S, 3a erfaßt, worauf die Schaltmagnet¬ ansteuerung erneut den maximalen Anzugsstrom I vorgibt. Nach Ablauf einer nachfolgenden vorbestimmten maximalen Zeit t ist der Anker 4 noch nicht wieder in der EIN-Stellung. Dies kann zum Beispiel an einer zu starken Auslenkung des Ankers 4 liegen. Damit die Spule 7 durch die thermische Belastung nicht zerstört wird und andere elektrische Geräte nicht durch einen vom ausgelenkten Schütz 2 verursachten Fehlstrom unsymmetrisch belastet werden, schaltet die Schaltmagnetansteuerung das Schütz zum Zeitpunkt T4 ab und sendet eine Störmeldung an eine übergeordnete Steuerung oder andere Schütze, wodurch diese ebenfalls ausgelöst werden.FIG. 2 shows a path-time diagram of the marking 4a of the armature 4. At the point in time t = 0, the contactor 2 is switched on, that is to say the armature 4 is in the ON position and the switching magnet control specifies the holding current I Hold . An external disturbance, such as shock, causes the armature 4 with its marking 4a to deflect towards the OFF position at the time T 1 , the marking 4a being detected by the sensor S, 3a and the solenoid control triggering the maximum target current Imax " pretends * . The armature 4 does not have to be deflected so far that the switch contact 5 has also been deflected. A strong magnetic field is now built up in the coil 7, which tries to push the armature 4 into the ON position. At a subsequent time T 2 , the marking 4a is no longer detected. The switching magnet control evaluates this in that the armature 4 is again in the ON position and again specifies the holding current I Hold . At a later time T 3 , the armature 4 is again deflected out of the ON position by a disturbance, and the marking 4a is detected by the sensor S, 3a, whereupon the switching magnet control again specifies the maximum starting current I. After a subsequent predetermined maximum time t, the armature 4 is not yet in the ON position again. This may be due to an excessive deflection of the armature 4, for example. So that the coil 7 is not destroyed by the thermal load and other electrical devices are not unbalanced by a fault current caused by the deflected contactor 2, the switching magnet control switches off the contactor at time T 4 and sends a fault message to a higher-level control or other contactors, whereby these are also triggered.
Der Sensor S, 3a kann von der Gestalt sein, daß er die Markie¬ rung 4a über eine relativ lange Wegstrecke detektiert. Dies kann auch durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Markie¬ rung erreicht werden. Der Sensor S, 3a kann jedoch auch aus mehreren längs der Verfahrrichtung angeordneten Einzelsensoren zusammengesetzt sein, mittels derer die Bewegungsrichtung und die Geschwindigkeit des Ankers 4 bzw. dessen Markierung 4a bestimmbar ist. Dabei kann zum Beispiel die Zeit tmaχ je nach Position, Geschwindigkeit und Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers 4 neu berechnet werden, um den Anker 4 mit großer Sicherheit in die EIN-Stellung zu verfahren.The sensor S, 3a can be of the form that it detects the marking 4a over a relatively long distance. This can also be achieved by an appropriate design of the marking. However, the sensor S, 3a can also be composed of a plurality of individual sensors arranged along the direction of travel, by means of which the direction of movement and the speed of the armature 4 or its marking 4a can be determined. For example, the time t maχ can be recalculated depending on the position, speed and direction of movement of the armature 4 in order to move the armature 4 into the ON position with great certainty.
Ein Programm zum Halten eines Schützes 2 in der EIN-Stellung für die erfindungsgemäße Schaltmagnetansteuerung ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Sobald der Einschaltvorgang beendet worden ist, das heißt, der Anker 4 angezogen hat, wird die Haltephase eingeleitet und der Haltestrom IHalten vorgegeben (Schritt Sl) . Das Programm prüft daraufhin laufend, ob die Markierung 4a vom Sensor S, 3a detektiert worden ist (Schritte S2 und S3) . Sobald durch eine Störung der Sensor S, 3a die Markierung 4a detektiert (Schritt S2) zweigt das Programm zu Schritt S4 ab, und der maximale Soll-Strom Imaχ wird vorgegeben, wobei ein nicht dargestellter Zähler zurückgesetzt und gestartet wird. Das Programm durchläuft nun solange die durch Schritte S4, S5 und S6 gebildete Schleife, bis die maximale Zeit t.^ über- schritten ist (Schritt S5) oder der Anker 4 wieder in die EIN- Stellung zurückgekehrt ist, wobei im letzteren Falle der Sensor S, 3a die Markierung 4a nicht mehr detektiert (Schritt S6) . Ist die maximale Zeit tmaχ überschritten, so zweigt das Programm zu Schritt S7 ab, wobei eine Fehlermeldung an eine übergeordnete Steuerung gesendet wird, und leitet danach mit Schritt S8 den Ausschaltvorgang ein. Wird während der maxi¬ malen Soll-Stromvorgabe die EIN-Stellung vom Anker 4 erreicht, so wird dies mit Schritt S6 ermittelt, und das Programm kehrt zu Schritt Sl zurück. Der normale Haltestrom Iu Ha„,t»t„en wird dann wieder solange vorgegeben, bis das Schütz 2 abgeschaltet wird oder der Anker 4 durch eine Störung ungewollt ausgelenkt wird.A program for holding a contactor 2 in the ON position for the solenoid control according to the invention is shown in FIG. As soon as the switch-on process has ended, that is to say the armature 4 has attracted, the holding phase is initiated and the holding current I Hold is predetermined (step S1). The program then continuously checks whether the marking 4a has been detected by the sensor S, 3a (steps S2 and S3). As soon as the marker 4a detects (step S2) as a result of a fault in the sensor S, 3a, the program branches off to step S4, and the maximum target current I maχ is specified, wherein a counter, not shown, is reset and started. The program now runs through the loop formed by steps S4, S5 and S6 until the maximum time t. ^ Has been exceeded (step S5) or the armature 4 has returned to the ON position, the sensor in the latter case S, 3a no longer detects the marking 4a (step S6). If the maximum time t maχ is exceeded, the program branches to step S7, an error message being sent to a higher-level control system, and then initiates the switch-off process with step S8. If the ON position of armature 4 is reached during the maximum target current specification, this is determined in step S6 and the program returns to step S1. The normal holding current I u Ha ", t" t "s is then determined again as long, is cut off by the contactor 2 or the armature is deflected accidentally by disturbance. 4
Die Figur 4 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild einer möglichen Schalt¬ magnetansteuerung 1. Mittels konventionellen Eingabemitteln 13, wie zum Beispiel einem Befehlssschalter oder ähnlichem, kann der Einschaltvorgang oder der Ausschaltvorgang des Schüt¬ zes 2 eingeleitet werden. Es ist hierbei von Vorteil, wenn die Schaltmagnetansteuerung 1 eine Hilfsenergieversorgung 16 hat und die Ansteuerung über einen Daten- und Steuerbus 12 voll- zogen wird. Mittels eines Spannungsstellers 9 wird die an der Spule 7 anliegende Spulenspannung Us le in Abhängigkeit der Differenz zwischen Ijst und I u eingeregelt. Mittels eines Ansteuerungsblockes 17 und eines Wegsensors 3 wird der Zeit¬ messer 10 gesteuert, das heißt rückgesetzt und/oder gestartet. Der zur Ankerstellung entsprechende Strom-Sollwert IsoU wird dabei vorteilhaft in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher 11 abge¬ speichert, bei Bedarf ausgelesen und einem Vergleicher 20 zugeführt. Mittels des Strommessers 6 wird der Ist-Strom I. der Spule 7 ermittelt und ebenfalls dem Vergleicher 20 zuge- führt. Sowohl der Ist-Strom I.st , als auch die Signale des Wegsensors 3 und des Kontaktsystems 5 werden einem Meldeblock 19 zugeführt. Der Meldeblock 19 kommuniziert mittels des Daten- und Steuerbusses 12 mit anderen, nicht dargestellten elektronischen Geräten. Die Schaltmagnetansteuerung 1 hat darüberhinaus eine Aussteuerschaltung 18, mittels der das Schütz 2 ausgeschaltet wird. FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a possible switching magnet control 1. The switching-on or switching-off process of the contactor 2 can be initiated by means of conventional input means 13, such as a command switch or the like. It is advantageous here if the switching magnet control 1 has an auxiliary power supply 16 and the control is carried out via a data and control bus 12. The coil voltage U s le applied to the coil 7 is adjusted as a function of the difference between I jst and I u by means of a voltage regulator 9. The timer 10 is controlled, that is reset and / or started, by means of a control block 17 and a displacement sensor 3. The current setpoint I soU corresponding to the armature position is advantageously stored in a non-volatile memory 11, read out if necessary and fed to a comparator 20. The actual current I. of the coil 7 is determined by means of the ammeter 6 and is likewise fed to the comparator 20. Both the actual current I. st and the signals from the displacement sensor 3 and the contact system 5 become a message block 19 fed. The message block 19 communicates by means of the data and control bus 12 with other electronic devices, not shown. The solenoid control 1 also has a control circuit 18 by means of which the contactor 2 is switched off.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung für Schütze, wobei das Schütz (2) eine Spule (7) hat, welche über einen1. Electronic switching magnet control for contactors, the contactor (2) has a coil (7), which has a
Anker (4) Schaltkontakte (5) antreibt, der zwischen einer EIN-Stellung und einer AUS-Stellung verfährt, und die Schaltmagnetansteuerung (1) einen Sensor (3; S, 3a) hat, mit dem die Position des von der Spule (7) antreibbaren Ankers (4) bestimmbar ist, wobei eine Markierung (4a) an dem Anker (4) ist, die von dem Sensor (3; S, 3a) detek¬ tierbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sensor (3; S, 3a) derart zur Markierung (4a) angeordnet ist, daß bei einer kleinen Auslenkung des Ankers (4) aus der EIN- Stellung der Sensor (3; S, 3a) die Markierung (4a) detek¬ tiert und ein entsprechendes Signal an die Schaltmagnet¬ ansteuerung (1) aussendet, daß die Schaltmagnetansteue¬ rung (1) die Spule (7) mittels einer anzulegenden Span¬ nung derart erregt, daß die Spule (7) ein maximales Magnetfeld erzeugt, welches den Anker (4) in Richtung derArmature (4) drives switch contacts (5), which moves between an ON position and an OFF position, and the solenoid control (1) has a sensor (3; S, 3a) with which the position of the coil (7 ) drivable armature (4) can be determined, a mark (4a) on the armature (4) which can be detected by the sensor (3; S, 3a), characterized in that the sensor (3; S, 3a) is arranged in relation to the marking (4a) such that when the armature (4) is deflected slightly from the ON position of the sensor (3; S, 3a), the marking (4a) is detected and a corresponding signal is sent to the switching magnet ¬ control (1) emits that the switching magnet control (1) excites the coil (7) by means of a voltage to be applied such that the coil (7) generates a maximum magnetic field which the armature (4) in the direction of
EIN-Stellung treibt, sobald der Sensor (3; S, 3a) die Markierung (4a) detektiert und daß die Schaltmagnetan¬ steuerung (1) die Stärke des maximalen Magnetfeldes für eine vorbestimmbare maximale Zeit (tmaχ) einstellt bzw. einregelt und nach Ablauf der maximalen Zeit (t ) ab¬ schaltet.ON position drives as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the marking (4a) and that the switching magnet control (1) sets or adjusts the strength of the maximum magnetic field for a predeterminable maximum time (t maχ ) and after Expiration of the maximum time (t) switches off.
2. Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels eines Strom- messers (6) der Ist-Strom (Ijst) der Spule (7) bestimmbar ist und ein vorbestimmbarer maximaler Soll-Strom ( *Immaoxv)' mittels eines Regelkreises in der Spule (7) einregelbar ist, sobald der Sensor (3; S, 3a) den Anker (4) detek¬ tiert, und der maximale Soll-Strom (I^) ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, welches den Anker (4) in die EIN-Stellung drückt. 2. Electronic switching magnet control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that by means of a current meter (6) the actual current (I jst ) of the coil (7) can be determined and a predetermined maximum target current (* I m ma o x v ) 'can be regulated by means of a control circuit in the coil (7) as soon as the sensor (3; S, 3a) detects the armature (4) and the maximum target current (I ^) generates a magnetic field which presses the armature (4) into the ON position.
3. Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltmagnetan¬ steuerung (1) die Stärke des Magnetfeldes auf eine vorbe¬ stimmbare minimale Stärke reduziert, sobald der Anker (4) innerhalb der vorbestimmbaren maximalen Zeit (tm)l) die3. Electronic switching magnet control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching magnet control (1) reduces the strength of the magnetic field to a predetermined minimum strength as soon as the armature (4) within the predeterminable maximum time (t m) l ) the
EIN-Stellung erreicht bzw. der Sensor (3; S, 3a) den Anker (4) nicht mehr detektiert.ON position reached or the sensor (3; S, 3a) no longer detects the armature (4).
4. Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der4. Electronic switching magnet control according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
Sensor (3; S 3a) eine Lichtschranke, ein mechanischer Schalter, ein Hall-Detektor oder ein Induktionsschalter ist. Sensor (3; S 3a) is a light barrier, a mechanical switch, a Hall detector or an induction switch.
EP97900577A 1996-02-06 1997-01-09 Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor Expired - Lifetime EP0879475B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19605759 1996-02-06
DE19605759A DE19605759A1 (en) 1996-02-06 1996-02-06 Electronic switching magnet control for holding a contactor
PCT/EP1997/000054 WO1997029502A1 (en) 1996-02-06 1997-01-09 Electronic switch magnet control system for holding a contactor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0879475A1 true EP0879475A1 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0879475B1 EP0879475B1 (en) 1999-09-29

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EP (1) EP0879475B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE185218T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1997029502A1 (en)

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US5983105A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-11-09 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method and receiver implemented on the rake principle
JP2007047270A (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-22 Komori Corp Abnormal state judgement method and device

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DE3239840C2 (en) * 1982-10-27 1986-11-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic switching devices
JPH0792016B2 (en) * 1986-06-09 1995-10-09 三菱電機株式会社 Failure detection circuit for fuel injection valve drive circuit for internal combustion engine
DE3822342A1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp CIRCUIT BREAKER
DE4129265A1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-04 Mannesmann Ag ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHGEAR
FR2702880B1 (en) * 1993-03-17 1995-04-28 Telemecanique Electromagnetic switch device.
DE4430867A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-07 Licentia Gmbh Electromagnetic drive for switching Apparatus

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Title
See references of WO9729502A1 *

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DE19605759A1 (en) 1997-08-07
EP0879475B1 (en) 1999-09-29
ATE185218T1 (en) 1999-10-15
DE59700505D1 (en) 1999-11-04
WO1997029502A1 (en) 1997-08-14

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