EP0864499A1 - Process to open bags - Google Patents

Process to open bags Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0864499A1
EP0864499A1 EP97104347A EP97104347A EP0864499A1 EP 0864499 A1 EP0864499 A1 EP 0864499A1 EP 97104347 A EP97104347 A EP 97104347A EP 97104347 A EP97104347 A EP 97104347A EP 0864499 A1 EP0864499 A1 EP 0864499A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bags
laser
conveying means
cutting
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97104347A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Coryse Coudray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Generale D'entreprises Automobiles Cgea Cie
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Generale D'entreprises Automobiles Cgea Cie
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Application filed by Generale D'entreprises Automobiles Cgea Cie filed Critical Generale D'entreprises Automobiles Cgea Cie
Priority to EP97104347A priority Critical patent/EP0864499A1/en
Publication of EP0864499A1 publication Critical patent/EP0864499A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B69/0008—Opening and emptying bags

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials.
  • Waste and, in particular, garbage housewares are often packaged in bags intended for this purpose or used for other purposes and re-used for this purpose. These bags are collected Then directed to specialized centers in which the waste is sorted and possibly treated. In these centers, we open and emptying bags.
  • the opening means that is to say the sharp thread of a worm, the teeth of a toothed wheel or spikes or rods wear out on contact waste and require considerable maintenance.
  • these opening means break objects of glass contained in the waste, which makes sorting much longer and more complex waste.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plastic bag opening process which overcomes lower cost the aforementioned drawbacks, the means of cutting of bags requiring only low maintenance and not being subjected to mechanical wear, the bags being opened in one piece, without breaking glass and with a high yield.
  • the invention having as its first object a process opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials with a cutting step said bags, arranged on conveyor means, at the by means of a laser beam, characterized in that the cutting is performed on an element of the surface bottom of the bags kept substantially flat by the conveyor means.
  • a second subject of the invention which can be considered independent of the first aforementioned object, and which solves a problem relating to the advancement of the bags instead of cutting, relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials, characterized in that the bags are lined up in particular by means of a worm.
  • a third subject of the invention which can be considered independent of the aforementioned objects, and which solves a problem relating to the opening sensu stricto, emptying and separating the bags from their contents, relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other loose material with a cut out and arranged on a set of two means of conveying, characterized in that said opening, at the origin of the emptying of the bags, is caused by a relative distance of the two conveying means.
  • HDPE high density or low density polyethylene
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • Their dimensions, width and height are different from one bag to another, but it is estimated that the width of the bags 1 is, on average, between 40 and 50 cm, and that their height is, on average, between 60 and 70 cm.
  • Bags 1 contain waste 2 or other loose materials in variable quantity. It's about in particular selective collection products such as household waste including for example boxes metal cans, glass bottles or plastic, wood, newspapers and cardboard packaging, or in rare cases waste liquids or gases such as gasoline or bombs aerosols. The waste 2 contained in the bags 1 is therefore likely to be flammable.
  • bags 1 The population of bags 1 described above presents a certain heterogeneity. Depending on the case, bags 1 are said to be small or large, light or heavy, soft or hard, or more or less full.
  • the bags 1 collected and comprising the waste 2 is brought to a sorting center. The, they are unloaded and directed to delivery means in a line of bags 1 shown in Figure 1.
  • a hopper 3 supply comprising a deflector 4 and one of which lower part leads to an opening 5 plumb of one end of an endless screw 6.
  • This screw 6 is formed of a cylinder 7 on which a coil has been welded 8 helical, said cylinder 7 being, in the mode of embodiment shown in Figure 1, integral with at least a wheel 9 driven by a motor not shown.
  • the cylinder 7 is provided a central axis through which is done training.
  • cylinder 7 is a metal tube between 3.5 and 6 m in length and of diameter between 400 and 600 mm approximately.
  • the height of coil 8 is between 60 and 100 mm and the screw pitch is of the order of 1 m.
  • a sheet 10 of inclined guide is also partly fixed lower, below the axis of rotation 11 of the screw 6 and a retaining plate 12 is placed vertically, above this screw 6.
  • the bags 1 unloaded in the hopper 3 abut, if necessary, on the deflector 4 which bends their course so as to avoid any jamming at the outlet of the hopper 3.
  • the bags 1 fall on the end of screw 6. Since the dimensions and the relative position of the opening 5 from the hopper 3 with respect to the screw 6 are advantageously calculated to allow the passage of 1 larger bags one by one, these 1 bags larger ones fit naturally at each portion of the pitch defined by the thread of the screw 6. There, the 1 largest bags, confined to the bottom of the space formed between the worm 6 and the sheet 10 of guide, have a stable position which they keep during of their advance along said screw 6 caused by the rotation of cylinder 7.
  • these conveying means are formed of a set of two transport chains 13 substantially parallel.
  • These chains 13 are made up of 14 steel links or any other sufficiently resistant material such as plastic, said links 14 being bristling with spikes 15 or other reversible means of securing the bags 1.
  • the bags 1, retained by the pins 15, are then driven by chains 13 in synchronous movement and directed instead of cutting.
  • This cutting is carried out by means of a beam 17 of a laser 16.
  • This beam 17, shown in FIG. 3, is electromagnetic radiation. He can be parallel.
  • a beam is preferably chosen 17 says focused, which consists of an incident beam 18 focused by a 19-in-one convergence lens focal point 20 where the energy / surface ratio is maximum.
  • the laser beam 17 Upstream of the focal point 20, the laser beam 17 has a convergence cone 21 and downstream, a divergence cone 22.
  • the surface density of power of a focused beam 17 is maximum at focal point 20 and only at this point 20.
  • the waste 2 which is therefore too much in downstream of the focal point 20, in the divergence cone 22, receive a power surface density well lower than the density at focal point 20, which is a particularly interesting advantage of focused beam lasers 16.
  • the laser 16 is placed between the chains 13, directly below these chains 13, so that the laser beam 17 is directed substantially in the center of space separating the chains 13 and meets a element 23 of the lower surface 24 of a bag 1 scrolling.
  • the chains 13 are substantially parallel or then deviate slightly from each other.
  • the elements 23 of the lower surface 24 between the chains 13 are thus substantially planar and the distance between the end of the laser 16 and said elements 23 is substantially constant over the length of bag 1. It is therefore possible to focus the beam laser 17 on each element 23 of the surface 24 bottom of bags 1 so that the distance between the focal point 20 and said element 23 remains lower about 50 mm.
  • the power of the laser 16 is chosen so that the elements 23 of the surface 24 of the bags 1 receive a surface density of minimum power D sufficient for there to be a melting of the plastic of the bags 1 and that, therefore, cutting is done.
  • Tests were carried out and the results given in the following table were obtained: D (W / mm 2 ) 31.80 4.91 1.3 0.62 V (m / min) 35 17 13 8 D is, in practice, between 0.5 W / mm 2 and 2000 W / mm 2 approximately and, for example, between 50 W / mm 2 and 1000 W / mm 2 approximately.
  • the energy released by the laser 16 on the elements 23 of the surface 24 of the bags 1 is normally not sufficient to ignite the waste 2.
  • an inert gas 27, for example nitrogen or argon for example nitrogen or argon.
  • the optical unit 26 of the laser 16, which includes the convergence lens 19, is constructed so that the inert gas 27 can spread in said unit 26 and escape through an orifice 28 from the upper end of the laser 16 also allowing the passage of the beam 17.
  • the bags 1, which scroll one after the other above the laser beam 17, are cut 29 by example, in the sense of their height, their upper end closed with a cord at their lower end, or in any other direction.
  • This cutout 29, shown in Figure 3, is unique. She may be dotted.
  • the bags 1 open are emptied then separated from their content 2, continuously.
  • the invention must be understood in a general meaning including in particular other modes of embodiment in which the conveying means do not consist of a set of two chains but for example by a set of two conveyors or then in which the bags would be brought, for their cutting, on a fixed plate pierced with an orifice, said plate then constituting an element of the means conveyor. It is also possible to plan, still within the framework of the invention, modes of realization in which the bags would be conveyed at a cutting location where the laser itself would be moved, the bags remaining fixed above the beam scrolling the laser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)

Abstract

To open up plastics bags (1) containing rubbish, or other loose material, while carried on a conveyor (13) they are cut from below by a laser (16) beam (17). The cut is applied at a section of the lower surface of the bags (1), as they lie flat on the conveyor (13).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé d'ouverture de sacs contenant des déchets ou autres matériaux en vrac.The invention relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials.

Les déchets et, en particulier, les ordures ménagères, sont bien souvent conditionnés dans des sacs prévus à cet effet ou alors utilisés à d'autres fins et réemployés dans cet usage. Ces sacs sont collectés Puis dirigés vers des centres spécialisés dans lesquels les déchets sont triés et éventuellement traités. Dans ces centres, on procède à des opérations d'ouverture et de vidage des sacs.Waste and, in particular, garbage housewares, are often packaged in bags intended for this purpose or used for other purposes and re-used for this purpose. These bags are collected Then directed to specialized centers in which the waste is sorted and possibly treated. In these centers, we open and emptying bags.

Malgré leurs différences de taille, de forme, ou de nature (sacs mous ou durs), les sacs doivent être ouverts et vidés en grand nombre, par exemple 1000 sacs par heure. C'est la raison pour laquelle on a cherché à mécaniser l'ouverture et le vidage des sacs.Despite their differences in size, shape, or by nature (soft or hard bags), the bags must be opened and emptied in large numbers, for example 1000 bags per hour. This is the reason why we tried to mechanize the opening and emptying of the bags.

On connaít un procédé d'ouverture mécanisée des sacs qui met en oeuvre une vis sans fin, dont le filet à bords tranchants déchire les sacs ultérieurement vidés lors de leur transport le long de l'axe de ladite vis.We know a mechanized opening process of bags which implements a worm, including the thread with sharp edges later tears the bags emptied during transport along the axis of the said screw.

Par ailleurs, on connaít un autre procédé, selon lequel les sacs sont repoussés contre une roue dentée où ils sont crevés et déchirés.Furthermore, we know another process, according to which bags are pushed back against a gear where they are punctured and torn.

Toutefois, la plupart des procédés connus proposent une ouverture des sacs par des pics ou tiges fixés à la surface de rotors, qui percent les sacs en plusieurs endroits et, par un mouvement relatif desdits sacs par rapport auxdits pics ou tiges, les dechirent en libérant leur contenu.However, most of the known methods offer an opening of the bags by spikes or rods attached to the surface of rotors, which pierce the bags in several places and, by a relative movement of said bags in relation to said peaks or rods, tear them apart by releasing their content.

Ces procédés comportent de multiples inconvénients. These processes involve multiple disadvantages.

En effet, les moyens d'ouverture, c'est-à-dire le filet tranchant d'une vis sans fin, les dents d'une roue dentée ou les pics ou tiges, s'usent au contact des déchets et exigent une maintenance considérable.Indeed, the opening means, that is to say the sharp thread of a worm, the teeth of a toothed wheel or spikes or rods wear out on contact waste and require considerable maintenance.

De plus, ces moyens d'ouverture brisent les objets de verre contenus dans les déchets, ce qui rend le tri ultérieur des déchets beaucoup plus long et complexe.In addition, these opening means break objects of glass contained in the waste, which makes sorting much longer and more complex waste.

En outre, dans ces procédés, les sacs sont bien souvent déchirés en de multiples morceaux qu'il est nécessaire de trier par la suite.In addition, in these processes, the bags are well often torn into multiple pieces that it is necessary to sort afterwards.

Enfin, certains sacs, notamment les plus petits et les moins remplis, ne sont pas ouverts et un rendement de 95 % de sacs ouverts et vidés n'est bien souvent pas atteint.Finally, some bags, especially the smallest and least filled, are not open and yield 95% of open and emptied bags is often not achieved.

C'est le cas, aussi, des sacs ouverts selon le procédé décrit dans la demande de brevet allemande publiée sous le numéro DE-A1-4319790 où les sacs, transportés en vrac le long d'un convoyeur classique, subissent des découpes multiples par un faisceau laser balayant leur surface.This is also the case for open bags according to the process described in the German patent application published under the number DE-A1-4319790 where the bags, transported in bulk along a conventional conveyor, undergo multiple cuts by a laser beam sweeping their surface.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé d'ouverture de sacs en plastique qui pallie à moindre coût les inconvénients précités, les moyens de découpe des sacs n'exigeant qu'une maintenance réduite et n'étant pas soumis à une usure mécanique, les sacs étant ouverts en un seul morceau, sans bris de verre et avec un fort rendement.The object of the present invention is to provide a plastic bag opening process which overcomes lower cost the aforementioned drawbacks, the means of cutting of bags requiring only low maintenance and not being subjected to mechanical wear, the bags being opened in one piece, without breaking glass and with a high yield.

Ce but, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaítront par la suite, est atteint grâce à un faisceau laser, l'invention ayant pour premier objet un procédé d'ouverture de sacs contenant des déchets ou autres matériaux en vrac comportant une étape de découpe desdits sacs, disposés sur des moyens de convoyage, au moyen d'un faisceau laser, caractérisé en ce que la découpe est réalisée sur un élément de la surface inférieure des sacs maintenu sensiblement plan par les moyens de convoyage.This goal, as well as others that will appear by the next, is achieved with a laser beam, the invention having as its first object a process opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials with a cutting step said bags, arranged on conveyor means, at the by means of a laser beam, characterized in that the cutting is performed on an element of the surface bottom of the bags kept substantially flat by the conveyor means.

Un second objet de l'invention, qui peut être considéré comme indépendant du premier objet précité, et qui résout un problème relatif à l'avancée des sacs au lieu de découpe, concerne un procédé d'ouverture de sacs contenant des déchets ou autres matériaux en vrac, caractérisé en ce que les sacs sont mis en file notamment au moyen d'une vis sans fin.A second subject of the invention, which can be considered independent of the first aforementioned object, and which solves a problem relating to the advancement of the bags instead of cutting, relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other bulk materials, characterized in that the bags are lined up in particular by means of a worm.

Un troisième objet de l'invention, qui peut être considéré comme indépendant des objets précités, et qui résout un problème relatif à l'ouverture sensu stricto, au vidage et à la séparation des sacs de leur contenu, concerne un procédé d'ouverture de sacs contenant des déchets ou autres matériaux en vrac présentant une découpe et disposés sur un ensemble de deux moyens de convoyage, caractérisé en ce que ladite ouverture, à l'origine du vidage des sacs, est provoquée par un éloignement relatif des deux moyens de convoyage.A third subject of the invention, which can be considered independent of the aforementioned objects, and which solves a problem relating to the opening sensu stricto, emptying and separating the bags from their contents, relates to a method of opening bags containing waste or other loose material with a cut out and arranged on a set of two means of conveying, characterized in that said opening, at the origin of the emptying of the bags, is caused by a relative distance of the two conveying means.

La description qui va suivre, et qui ne présente aucun caractère limitatif, permettra de mieux comprendre la manière dont l'invention peut être mise en pratique.The description which follows, and which does not present no limitation, will allow better understand how the invention can be implemented in practice.

Elle doit être lue au regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre, en perpective, les moyens de mise en oeuvre de l'étape de mise en file des sacs selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 montre, en vue de côté, les' moyens de découpe des sacs selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 schématise le principe d'un laser focalisé à proximité d'un élément de la surface d'un sac selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 montre une découpe pratiquée sur un sac selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 5 montre, en perspective, les moyens de mise en oeuvre de l'étape d'ouverture, de vidage et de séparation sac/contenu selon l'invention.
It should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows, in perspective, the means of implementing the step of queuing bags according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows, in side view, the 'bag cutting means according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 shows schematically the principle of a laser focused near an element of the surface of a bag according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 shows a cutout on a bag according to the invention; and
  • FIG. 5 shows, in perspective, the means for implementing the opening, emptying and bag / content separation step according to the invention.

Les sacs objets de l'invention sont référencés 1 dans les figures.The bags which are the subject of the invention are referenced 1 in the figures.

Ce sont en général des sacs en plastique souples de polyéthylène haute densité (PEHD) ou basse densité (PEBD) d'une épaisseur inférieure à 200 µm environ. Leurs dimensions, largeur et hauteur, sont différentes d'un sac à un autre, mais on estime que la largeur des sacs 1 est, en moyenne, comprise entre 40 et 50 cm, et que leur hauteur est, en moyenne, comprise entre 60 et 70 cm.These are usually flexible plastic bags high density or low density polyethylene (HDPE) (LDPE) with a thickness of less than approximately 200 µm. Their dimensions, width and height are different from one bag to another, but it is estimated that the width of the bags 1 is, on average, between 40 and 50 cm, and that their height is, on average, between 60 and 70 cm.

Les sacs 1 contiennent des déchets 2 ou autres matériaux en vrac en quantité variable. Il s'agit notamment de produits de collectes sélectives tels que des ordures ménagères comportant par exemple des boítes de conserve métalliques, des bouteilles de verre ou de plastique, du bois, des journaux et cartons d'emballage, ou alors, dans des cas rares, des déchets liquides ou gazeux tels que de l'essence ou des bombes aérosols. Les déchets 2 contenus dans les sacs 1 sont donc susceptibles d'être inflammables.Bags 1 contain waste 2 or other loose materials in variable quantity. It's about in particular selective collection products such as household waste including for example boxes metal cans, glass bottles or plastic, wood, newspapers and cardboard packaging, or in rare cases waste liquids or gases such as gasoline or bombs aerosols. The waste 2 contained in the bags 1 is therefore likely to be flammable.

La population des sacs 1 décrits ci-dessus présente une certaine hétérogénéité. Selon les cas, les sacs 1 sont dits, petits ou grands, légers ou lourds, mous ou durs, ou alors plus ou moins remplis.The population of bags 1 described above presents a certain heterogeneity. Depending on the case, bags 1 are said to be small or large, light or heavy, soft or hard, or more or less full.

En pratique, les sacs 1 collectés et comportant les déchets 2, sont amenés dans un centre de tri. Là, ils sont déchargés et dirigés vers des moyens de mise en file de sacs 1 montrés à la figure 1. In practice, the bags 1 collected and comprising the waste 2 is brought to a sorting center. The, they are unloaded and directed to delivery means in a line of bags 1 shown in Figure 1.

Ces moyens sont constitués d'une trémie 3 d'alimentation comportant un déflecteur 4 et dont une partie basse débouche sur une ouverture 5 à l'aplomb d'une extrémité d'une vis sans fin 6. Cette vis 6 est formée d'un cylindre 7 sur lequel on a soudé une spire 8 hélicoïdale, ledit cylindre 7 étant, dans le mode de réalisation présenté en figure 1, solidaire d'au moins une roue 9 entraínée par un moteur non représenté. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le cylindre 7 est muni d'un axe central par le biais duquel se fait l'entraínement. Dans un exemple, le cylindre 7 est un tube métallique de longueur comprise entre 3,5 et 6 m et de diamètre compris entre 400 et 600 mm environ. La hauteur de la spire 8 est comprise entre 60 et 100 mm et le pas de vis est de l'ordre de 1 m. Une tôle 10 de guidage inclinée est par ailleurs fixée, en sa partie basse, en deçà l'axe de rotation 11 de la vis 6 et une tôle 12 de retenue est placée verticale, au-dessus de cette vis 6.These means consist of a hopper 3 supply comprising a deflector 4 and one of which lower part leads to an opening 5 plumb of one end of an endless screw 6. This screw 6 is formed of a cylinder 7 on which a coil has been welded 8 helical, said cylinder 7 being, in the mode of embodiment shown in Figure 1, integral with at least a wheel 9 driven by a motor not shown. In another embodiment, the cylinder 7 is provided a central axis through which is done training. In one example, cylinder 7 is a metal tube between 3.5 and 6 m in length and of diameter between 400 and 600 mm approximately. The height of coil 8 is between 60 and 100 mm and the screw pitch is of the order of 1 m. A sheet 10 of inclined guide is also partly fixed lower, below the axis of rotation 11 of the screw 6 and a retaining plate 12 is placed vertically, above this screw 6.

Ainsi, les sacs 1 déchargés dans la trémie 3 butent, le cas échéant, sur le déflecteur 4 qui infléchit leur course de manière à éviter tout bourrage en sortie de trémie 3. A cette sortie, les sacs 1 tombent sur l'extrémité de la vis 6. Etant donné que les dimensions et la position relative de l'ouverture 5 de sortie de la trémie 3 par rapport à la vis 6 sont avantageusement calculées pour permettre le passage des sacs 1 les plus volumineux un par un, ces sacs 1 les plus volumineux s'intercalent naturellement à chaque portion du pas défini par le filet de la vis 6. Là, les sacs 1 les plus volumineux, cantonnés au fond de l'espace formé entre la vis sans fin 6 et la tôle 10 de guidage, ont une position stable qu'ils conservent lors de leur avancée le long de ladite vis 6 provoquée par la rotation du cylindre 7. On notera que le sens de rotation du cylindre 7 tend à créer des forces d'entraínement des sacs 1 en sens opposé de leur poids, ce qui évite le coincement desdits sacs 1 entre les vis 6 et la tôle 10 de guidage. Contrairement aux sacs 1 les plus volumineux, des sacs 1, moins volumineux et généralement plus légers, viennent parfois se superposer à d'autres sacs 1. Leur position n'est alors pas suffisamment basse dans l'espace formé entre la vis sans fin 6 et la tôle 10 de guidage. Ces sacs 1 faisant l'objet d'une superposition sont alors entraínés par la rotation dudit cylindre 7 en direction de la tôle 12 de retenue qu'ils percutent éventuellement avant de trouver une position plus stable au fond de l'espace précité. En définitive, pour une vitesse d'avancement donnée des sacs 1, proportionnelle à la vitesse de rotation du cylindre 7, tous les sacs 1 sont mis en file sur la longueur de la vis sans fin 6 quelque soit leur volume ou leur poids. En pratique, une vis sans fin 6 de 4,5 m de longueur suffit pour que tous les sacs 1 soient mis en file avec une vitesse d'avancement de 19 m/min.Thus, the bags 1 unloaded in the hopper 3 abut, if necessary, on the deflector 4 which bends their course so as to avoid any jamming at the outlet of the hopper 3. At this outlet, the bags 1 fall on the end of screw 6. Since the dimensions and the relative position of the opening 5 from the hopper 3 with respect to the screw 6 are advantageously calculated to allow the passage of 1 larger bags one by one, these 1 bags larger ones fit naturally at each portion of the pitch defined by the thread of the screw 6. There, the 1 largest bags, confined to the bottom of the space formed between the worm 6 and the sheet 10 of guide, have a stable position which they keep during of their advance along said screw 6 caused by the rotation of cylinder 7. It will be noted that the direction of rotation of cylinder 7 tends to create forces bags 1 in the opposite direction of their weight, which prevents jamming of said bags 1 between the screws 6 and the guide plate 10. Unlike bags 1 larger ones, bags 1, less bulky and generally lighter, sometimes come superimpose on other bags 1. Their position is then not low enough in the space formed between the screw endless 6 and the guide plate 10. These bags 1 making the object of an overlay are then driven by the rotation of said cylinder 7 in the direction of the sheet 12 of restraint they eventually collide before find a more stable position at the bottom of the space cited above. Ultimately, for a forward speed data of bags 1, proportional to the speed of rotation of cylinder 7, all bags 1 are put in file along the length of the worm screw 6 whatever their volume or weight. In practice, a screw without end 6 of 4.5 m in length is sufficient for all bags 1 are lined up with forward speed of 19 m / min.

A l'issue de leur parcours le long de la vis 6, les sacs 1 mis en file tombent sur des moyens de convoyage. Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, ces moyens de convoyage sont formés d'un ensemble de deux chaínes 13 de transport sensiblement parallèles. Ces chaínes 13 sont constituées de maillons 14 d'acier ou toute autre matière suffisamment résistante telle que le plastique, lesdits maillons 14 étant hérissés de picots 15 ou autres moyens de fixation réversibles des sacs 1. Les sacs 1, retenus par les picots 15, sont alors entraínés par les chaínes 13 en déplacement synchrone et dirigés au lieu de découpe.At the end of their journey along the screw 6, bags 1 queued fall on means of conveying. In a particularly embodiment advantageous of the invention, these conveying means are formed of a set of two transport chains 13 substantially parallel. These chains 13 are made up of 14 steel links or any other sufficiently resistant material such as plastic, said links 14 being bristling with spikes 15 or other reversible means of securing the bags 1. The bags 1, retained by the pins 15, are then driven by chains 13 in synchronous movement and directed instead of cutting.

Cette découpe est réalisée au moyen d'un faisceau 17 d'un laser 16. Ce faisceau 17, montré à la figure 3, est un rayonnement électromagnétique. Il peut être parallèle. Toutefois, pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on choisit préférentiellement un faisceau 17 dit focalisé, qui se compose d'un faisceau incident 18 focalisé par une lentille de convergence 19 en un point focal 20 où le rapport énergie/surface est maximal. En amont du point focal 20, le faisceau laser 17 présente un cône de convergence 21 et en aval, un cône de divergence 22. La densité surfacique de puissance que dégage un faisceau 17 focalisé est maximale au point focal 20 et uniquement à ce point 20. De ce fait, les déchets 2 qui se trouvent donc trop en aval du point focal 20, dans le cône de divergence 22, recoivent une densité surfacique de puissance bien inférieure à la densité au point focal 20, ce qui constitue un avantage particulièrement intéressant des lasers 16 à faisceau 17 focalisé.This cutting is carried out by means of a beam 17 of a laser 16. This beam 17, shown in FIG. 3, is electromagnetic radiation. He can be parallel. However, for the implementation of the invention, a beam is preferably chosen 17 says focused, which consists of an incident beam 18 focused by a 19-in-one convergence lens focal point 20 where the energy / surface ratio is maximum. Upstream of the focal point 20, the laser beam 17 has a convergence cone 21 and downstream, a divergence cone 22. The surface density of power of a focused beam 17 is maximum at focal point 20 and only at this point 20. As a result, the waste 2 which is therefore too much in downstream of the focal point 20, in the divergence cone 22, receive a power surface density well lower than the density at focal point 20, which is a particularly interesting advantage of focused beam lasers 16.

En se référant désormais à la figure 2, on note que le laser 16 est placé entre les chaínes 13, directement dessous de ces chaínes 13, de manière que le faisceau laser 17 soit dirigé sensiblement au centre de l'espace séparant les chaínes 13 et rencontre un élément 23 de la surface 24 inférieure d'un sac 1 défilant. Les chaínes 13 sont sensiblement parallèles ou alors s'écartent légèrement l'une de l'autre. Les éléments 23 de la surface 24 inférieure compris entre les chaínes 13 sont ainsi sensiblement plans et la distance entre l'extrémité du laser 16 et lesdits éléments 23 est sensiblement constante sur la longueur du sac 1. Il est donc possible de focaliser le faisceau laser 17 sur chaque élément 23 de la surface 24 inférieure des sacs 1 de manière que la distance entre le point focal 20 et ledit élément 23 reste inférieure à 50 mm environ. Il est néanmoins avantageux d'associer un capteur 25 de position de la surface 24 des sacs 1 défilants au-dessus du laser 16 et d'asservir la position de ce laser 17 ou, à tout le moins, la position de sa partie supérieure 26, c'est-à-dire de son bloc optique, à ce capteur 25 de manière que, lorsque la surface 24 inférieure des sacs 1 faisant l'objet de la découpe montre des variations trop importantes de planéité, le point focal 20 du faisceau 17 soit légèrement déplacé pour suivre ces variations dans le domaine de tolérance de 50 mm défini ci-dessus. Toutefois, même lorsque la surface des sacs est trop irrégulière, la découpe s'effectue en pointillés et de manière suffisante pour que les sacs 1 puissent être ouverts lors d'une étape ultérieure du procédé.Referring now to Figure 2, we note that the laser 16 is placed between the chains 13, directly below these chains 13, so that the laser beam 17 is directed substantially in the center of space separating the chains 13 and meets a element 23 of the lower surface 24 of a bag 1 scrolling. The chains 13 are substantially parallel or then deviate slightly from each other. The elements 23 of the lower surface 24 between the chains 13 are thus substantially planar and the distance between the end of the laser 16 and said elements 23 is substantially constant over the length of bag 1. It is therefore possible to focus the beam laser 17 on each element 23 of the surface 24 bottom of bags 1 so that the distance between the focal point 20 and said element 23 remains lower about 50 mm. It is nevertheless advantageous to associate a sensor 25 for position of the surface 24 of the bags 1 scrolling above laser 16 and enslaving the position of this laser 17 or, at the very least, the position of its upper part 26, that is to say of its optical unit, to this sensor 25 so that, when the lower surface 24 of the bags 1 making the object of the cut shows variations too important flatness, the focal point 20 of the beam 17 is slightly moved to follow these variations within the tolerance range of 50 mm defined above. However, even when the surface of the bags is too large irregular, the cutting is done in dotted lines and enough so that the bags 1 can be opened during a later stage of the process.

A une vitesse de défilement V, la puissance du laser 16 est choisie de manière que les éléments 23 de la surface 24 des sacs 1 reçoivent une densité surfacique de puissance minimale D suffisante pour que l'on ait une fusion du plastique des sacs 1 et que, de ce fait, la découpe se fasse. Des essais ont été effectués et l'on a obtenu les résultats consignés dans le tableau suivant : D(W/mm2) 31,80 4,91 1,3 0,62 V(m/min) 35 17 13 8 D est, en pratique, compris entre 0,5 W/mm2 et 2000 W/mm2 environ et, par exemple, entre 50 W/mm2 et 1000 W/mm2 environ.At a running speed V, the power of the laser 16 is chosen so that the elements 23 of the surface 24 of the bags 1 receive a surface density of minimum power D sufficient for there to be a melting of the plastic of the bags 1 and that, therefore, cutting is done. Tests were carried out and the results given in the following table were obtained: D (W / mm 2 ) 31.80 4.91 1.3 0.62 V (m / min) 35 17 13 8 D is, in practice, between 0.5 W / mm 2 and 2000 W / mm 2 approximately and, for example, between 50 W / mm 2 and 1000 W / mm 2 approximately.

Contrairement à ce qu'aurait pu croire l'homme du métier a priori, l'énergie dégagée par le laser 16 sur les éléments 23 de la surface 24 des sacs 1 n'est normalement pas suffisante pour enflammer les déchets 2. Toutefois, pour des raisons de sécurité, il est particulièrement avantageux d'effectuer la découpe des sacs 1 en présence d'un gaz inerte 27, par exemple l'azote ou l'argon. En effet, sous atmosphère inerte, les risques d'inflammation sont pratiquement nuls. A cet effet, le bloc optique 26 du laser 16, qui comporte la lentille de convergence 19, est construit de manière que le gaz inerte 27 puisse se répandre dans ledit bloc 26 et s'échapper par un orifice 28 de l'extrémité supérieure du laser 16 permettant en outre le passage du faisceau 17. Le gaz 27 s'échappant par cet orifice 28 entre en contact avec ces éléments 23 de la découpe et permet en outre, si la pression est suffisante, de détourner la chute des déchets 2 liquides ou solides qui pourraient boucher cet orifice 28 lors de la découpe. Des essais effectués avec des lasers dits à CO2 de puissance de 15 W à 100 W montrent que, sous atmosphère inerte, les constituants cités en exemple ci-dessus relativement aux ordures ménagères n'ont pas fait l'objet d'inflammation pour des vitesses relatives de déplacement du laser par rapport aux sacs 1 comprises entre 3 et 150 m/min environ et, notamment, de l'ordre de 20 m/min. Des résultats équivalents pourraient être obtenus avec des lasers du type TEA fonctionnant par impulsions.Contrary to what a person skilled in the art would have believed a priori, the energy released by the laser 16 on the elements 23 of the surface 24 of the bags 1 is normally not sufficient to ignite the waste 2. However, for for security reasons, it is particularly advantageous to cut the bags 1 in the presence of an inert gas 27, for example nitrogen or argon. Indeed, under an inert atmosphere, the risks of ignition are practically nil. For this purpose, the optical unit 26 of the laser 16, which includes the convergence lens 19, is constructed so that the inert gas 27 can spread in said unit 26 and escape through an orifice 28 from the upper end of the laser 16 also allowing the passage of the beam 17. The gas 27 escaping through this orifice 28 comes into contact with these elements 23 of the cutout and also makes it possible, if the pressure is sufficient, to divert the fall of waste 2 liquids or solids which could block this orifice 28 during cutting. Tests carried out with so-called CO 2 lasers with a power of 15 W to 100 W show that, under an inert atmosphere, the constituents cited in the example above in relation to household waste have not been ignited for relative speeds of movement of the laser relative to the bags 1 of between 3 and 150 m / min approximately and, in particular, of the order of 20 m / min. Equivalent results could be obtained with lasers of the TEA type operating on pulses.

Dans le procédé de l'invention, les sacs 1, qui défilent les uns à la suite des autres au dessus du faisceau laser 17, font l'objet d'une découpe 29 par exemple, dans le sens de leur hauteur, de leur extrémité supérieure refermée par un cordon à leur extrémité inférieure, ou alors, dans tout autre sens. Cette découpe 29, montrée en figure 3, est unique. Elle s'effectue éventuellement en pointillés. In the method of the invention, the bags 1, which scroll one after the other above the laser beam 17, are cut 29 by example, in the sense of their height, their upper end closed with a cord at their lower end, or in any other direction. This cutout 29, shown in Figure 3, is unique. She may be dotted.

On notera que le passage des sacs 1 au dessus du laser 16 est avantageusement contraint, par exemple par le poids d'un arbre 30 montré en figure 5, qui tend à imprimer auxdits sacs 1, une légère rotation à l'origine de la découpe 29 plus grande. Cette légère rotation peut par ailleurs être imprimée par la rotation d'un élément tournant tel qu'une roue.Note that the passage of the bags 1 above the laser 16 is advantageously constrained, for example by the weight of a tree 30 shown in FIG. 5, which tends to print on said bags 1, a slight rotation at the origin of the larger cutout 29. This slight rotation can also be printed by the rotation of a rotating element such as a wheel.

Dans une étape ultérieure du procédé de l'invention, les sacs 1 ouverts, sont vidés puis séparés de leur contenu 2, en continu.In a later stage of the process the invention, the bags 1 open, are emptied then separated from their content 2, continuously.

L'ouverture des sacs 1 est mécanique forcée. A cet effet, les chaínes 13, dirigées chacune le long d'une glissière 31 montrée en partie à la figure 5, s'écartent progressivement l'une de l'autre. Les sacs 1 étant maintenus fixés aux picots 15, la découpe 29 pratiquée dans lesdits sacs 1 s'ouvre complètement et les déchets tombent alors sur un convoyeur 32, ou tout simplement une tôle inclinée, situé à la verticale et au-dessous des chaínes 13. Ces déchets 2 sont finalement évacués par ce convoyeur 32 en vue d'un tri ultérieur.The opening of the bags 1 is forced mechanical. In this indeed, the chains 13, each directed along a slide 31 partially shown in FIG. 5, gradually move away from each other. Bags 1 being kept fixed to the pins 15, the cutout 29 practiced in said bags 1 opens completely and the waste then falls on a conveyor 32, or all simply an inclined sheet, located vertically and below the chains 13. This waste 2 is finally evacuated by this conveyor 32 for sorting ulterior.

Les sacs 1 vidés sont par contre toujours retenus par les picots 15 des chaínes 13 écartées. Ces chaínes 13 font alors l'objet, peu après la chute des déchets 2, d'une torsion guidée par les glissières 31. Ainsi, les picots 15, qui avaient une position verticale jusqu'à la chute des déchets 2, prennent peu à peu une position horizontale voir légèrement incliné vers le bas et les sacs 1 tombent naturellement, en un seul morceau, sur un second convoyeur 33 ou tout simplemnt une tôle inclinée réservé aux sacs 1 vidés.The emptied 1 bags are however always retained by the pins 15 of the chains 13 apart. These chains 13 are then the object, shortly after the fall of the waste 2, a twist guided by the slides 31. Thus, the pins 15, which had a vertical position until the fall of waste 2, gradually take a horizontal position see slightly inclined towards the bottom and bags 1 fall naturally, in one piece, on a second conveyor 33 or quite simply an inclined sheet reserved for empty bags 1.

On devrait donc, selon l'invention, non seulement ouvrir les sacs 1 avec un fort rendement (1000 sacs par heure avec 90 voire 95 % de sacs ouverts et vidés si V = 10m/min), mais aussi, vidé ces sacs 1 et séparé lesdits sacs 1 des déchets 2 qu'ils contiennent sans bris de verre.We should therefore, according to the invention, not only open bags 1 with a high yield (1000 bags per hour with 90 or even 95% of bags open and emptied if V = 10m / min), but also, emptied these bags 1 and separated said bags 1 of waste 2 which they contain without glass breakage.

Bien entendu, l'invention doit se comprendre dans un sens général incluant notamment d'autres modes de réalisation dans lesquels les moyens de convoyage ne seraient pas constitués par un ensemble de deux chaínes mais par exemple par un ensemble de deux convoyeurs ou alors dans lesquels les sacs seraient amenés, pour leur découpe, sur une plaque fixe percée d'un orifice, ladite plaque constituant alors un élément des moyens de convoyage. Il est par ailleurs possible de prévoir, toujours dans le cadre de l'invention, des modes de réalisation dans lesquels les sacs seraient convoyés sur un lieu de découpe où le laser lui-même serait déplacé, les sacs restant fixes au-dessus du faisceau défilant du laser.Of course, the invention must be understood in a general meaning including in particular other modes of embodiment in which the conveying means do not would not consist of a set of two chains but for example by a set of two conveyors or then in which the bags would be brought, for their cutting, on a fixed plate pierced with an orifice, said plate then constituting an element of the means conveyor. It is also possible to plan, still within the framework of the invention, modes of realization in which the bags would be conveyed at a cutting location where the laser itself would be moved, the bags remaining fixed above the beam scrolling the laser.

Claims (12)

Procédé d'ouverture de sacs (1) contenant des déchets (2) ou autres matériaux en vrac comportant une étape de découpe desdits sacs (1), disposés sur des moyens de convoyage (13), au moyen d'un faisceau (17) d'un laser (16), caractérisé en ce que la découpe est réalisée sur un élément (23) de la surface (24) inférieure des sacs (1) maintenu sensiblement plan par les moyens de convoyage (13).Method for opening bags (1) containing waste (2) or other bulk materials containing step of cutting said bags (1), arranged on conveying means (13), by means of a bundle (17) a laser (16), characterized in that the cut is produced on an element (23) of the surface (24) lower of the bags (1) kept substantially flat by the conveying means (13). Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les sacs (1) sont en plastique, notamment en polyéthylène d'une épaisseur inférieure à 200 µm environ.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bags (1) are made of plastic, in particular polyethylene thickness less than 200 µm about. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de convoyage (13) sont des chaínes munies de moyens de fixation réversible des sacs (1) tels que des picots (15).Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the conveying means (13) are chains fitted with reversible fixing means for bags (1) such as spikes (15). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le faisceau laser (17) est focalisé sur l'élément (23) de la surface (24) inférieure des sacs (1) de manière que la distance entre le point focal (20) et ledit élément (23) soit inférieure à 50 mm environ.Method according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the laser beam (17) is focused on the element (23) of the surface (24) bottom of the bags (1) so that the distance between the focal point (20) and said element (23) either less than about 50 mm. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la découpe des sacs (1) par le faisceau laser (17) s'effectue en présence d'un gaz inerte (27), par exemple l'azote.Method according to one of the claims previous, characterized in that the cutting of the bags (1) by the laser beam (17) is carried out in the presence an inert gas (27), for example nitrogen. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse relative du déplacement du laser (16) par rapport aux sacs (1) est comprise entre 3 et 150 m/min et préférentiellement entre 10 et 30 m/min environ. Method according to one of the claims previous, characterized in that the relative speed displacement of the laser (16) relative to the bags (1) is between 3 and 150 m / min and preferably between 10 and 30 m / min approximately. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, à une vitesse de défilement V des sacs (1), la puissance du laser (8) est choisie de manière à ce que, quelque soit la distance pratique entre les éléments (23) de la surface (24) des sacs (1) et un point focal (20), lesdits éléments (23) reçoivent une densité surfacique de puissance minimale D comprise entre 0,5 W/mm2 et 2000 W/mm2 environ.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at a traveling speed V of the bags (1), the power of the laser (8) is chosen so that, whatever the practical distance between the elements ( 23) of the surface (24) of the bags (1) and a focal point (20), said elements (23) receive a surface density of minimum power D of between 0.5 W / mm 2 and approximately 2000 W / mm 2 . Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'étape de découpe, les sacs (1) sont mis en file au moyen d'une vis sans fin (6) formée d'un cylindre (7) et d'une spire hélicoïdale (8).Method according to one of the claims previous, characterized in that, prior to the cutting step, the bags (1) are lined up at the by means of a worm (6) formed by a cylinder (7) and a helical turn (8). Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les sacs (1) sont guidés, dans leur déplacement le long de la vis sans fin (6), par une tôle (10) de guidage inclinée dont la partie basse est fixée au deçà de l'axe de rotation (11) de la vis sans fin (6).Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the bags (1) are guided, in their displacement along the worm (6), by a inclined guide plate (10) the lower part of which is fixed below the axis of rotation (11) of the screw without end (6). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les sacs (1) faisant l'objet d'une superposition sont entraínés par la rotation du cylindre (7) en direction d'une tôle (12) de retenue qu'ils percutent éventuellement avant de trouver une position plus stable.Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the bags (1) forming the object of a superposition are driven by the rotation of the cylinder (7) in the direction of a retaining plate (12) they eventually collide before finding a more stable position. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite ouverture, à l'origine du vidage des sacs (1), est provoquée par un éloignement relatif des moyens doubles de convoyage (13).Method according to one of the claims above, characterized in that said opening, at the origin of the emptying of the bags (1), is caused by a relative distance of the double conveying means (13). Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens doubles de convoyage (13) font l'objet d'une torsion pour la chute des sacs (1).Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the double conveying means (13) do twisted to drop the bags (1).
EP97104347A 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Process to open bags Ceased EP0864499A1 (en)

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WO2012163311A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Dirk Barnstedt Device for opening packages
WO2016001488A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Serres Oy Emptying device, assembly and method for emptying suction bag
CN114194542A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-18 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 Automatic feeding system and using method

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DE4319790A1 (en) * 1993-05-10 1994-11-17 Adam Udo Maschinenfabrik Device for opening rubbish bags
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DE2012814A1 (en) * 1970-03-18 1971-09-30 Buttner Schilde Haas AG, 4150Krefeld Uerdingen Device for emptying sacks
DE2926398A1 (en) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-24 Marchesini Flli Wam TACKING DEVICE FOR BAGS, ESPECIALLY FOR DISPOSABLE BAGS OR PACKAGING CONTAINING GRANULATES OR POWDERED MATERIAL
EP0443999A1 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-28 First Brands Corporation Plastic bag opening apparatus
EP0563002A1 (en) * 1992-03-23 1993-09-29 Beloit Technologies, Inc. Garbage bag opener
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EP0713831A1 (en) * 1994-11-24 1996-05-29 Metaalbedrijf Busschers B.V. Bag opener
FR2738800A1 (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-03-21 Sarm Sa Plastic waste sack opening procedure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012163311A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Dirk Barnstedt Device for opening packages
WO2016001488A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Serres Oy Emptying device, assembly and method for emptying suction bag
US10807755B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2020-10-20 Serres Oy Emptying device, assembly and method for emptying suction bag
CN114194542A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-18 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 Automatic feeding system and using method

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