EP0798510B1 - Chaudière - Google Patents

Chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0798510B1
EP0798510B1 EP97101776A EP97101776A EP0798510B1 EP 0798510 B1 EP0798510 B1 EP 0798510B1 EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 0798510 B1 EP0798510 B1 EP 0798510B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
heating boiler
shaft
boiler according
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97101776A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0798510A2 (fr
EP0798510A3 (fr
Inventor
Eugen Fischer
Karl Krumm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer GmbH
Original Assignee
Georg Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georg Fischer GmbH filed Critical Georg Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0798510A2 publication Critical patent/EP0798510A2/fr
Publication of EP0798510A3 publication Critical patent/EP0798510A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0798510B1 publication Critical patent/EP0798510B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler with a solid fuel, in particular wood, fillable and combustible with combustion air, filling chute set up for bottom-side burn-off, from one to one Exhaust outlet leading flow path that goes through a Filling shaft adjacent, with combustion gases and secondary air Combusable combustion zone with flow from bottom to top and one of these subordinate heat exchange zone leads, the Combustion zone at least one with a standing axis, has a chimney-shaped combustion shaft at its lower end via at least one tangentially opening inflow channel with the Filling shaft is connected.
  • a boiler of this type is known from CH 671 822 A5.
  • the combustion shaft through two pipes formed, which delimit an annular space in which secondary air circulate can.
  • This is sucked in through recesses in the inflow channel one with the annulus surrounding the combustion shaft communicating annulus is surrounded.
  • the secondary air must be here overcome comparatively large flow resistance. With natural Train is therefore sucked in comparatively little secondary air, which too poor mixing of the secondary air with the combustion gases and leads to lack of air in the combustion zone. The consequence of this are therefore overall poor combustion and high CO and Dust pollution of the exhaust gas. If so by using a blower counteracted, arise in addition to the high Deployment effort also involves high running costs, which is unfavorable which affects profitability.
  • a boiler is known in which the combustion zone an insert made of refractory material with a with a lying axis arranged, drum-shaped chamber that contains one end a tangential connection to the filling shaft and at the other end has an upward opening.
  • the drum-shaped chamber results in a spiral flow axial and rotary component.
  • the thermal buoyancy of the Combustion gases here, however, mean that the flow in the lower Circumferential area is not as good against the drum wall as in the upper one Circumferential area, so that the heat storage capacity of the drum wall is not used optimally. There is therefore one in the lower peripheral area to fear comparatively poor afterburning. That could only can be counteracted by increasing the speed.
  • the inflow channel or the inflow channels each have a rectangular cross section have a greater height than width. This advantageously results in a slim flow band close to the wall, what a good one Heat transfer is beneficial.
  • Each combustion shaft can advantageously have several, on one Hole-shaped ventilation holes arranged near the wall pitch circle be assigned. Due to the larger number of ventilation holes these have a comparatively small diameter, so that a nozzle-like function gives what is good for achieving Mixture formation is beneficial.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the higher-level measures is that the height of the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts from the level of the hopper floor to the upper one Boiler area extends. This results despite high flow velocities a high dwell time. On an outlet-side narrowing of the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts can therefore be advantageous Be waived, which also increases the associated Flow resistance comes away.
  • the boiler according to the invention has, as can best be seen from FIG is, a filling chute 1, which has an upper, through a swivel cover 2 closable filling opening with logs etc. can be loaded.
  • the lower end of the filling shaft 1 is formed by a grate 3, below which is an ash collecting space 4.
  • the filling burns during operation the filling chute 1 from below, i.e. forms on the grate 3 Fire bed.
  • the grate 3 can be pivoted for adjustability his.
  • the air required for combustion is supplied to the boiler in the form of Primary air and secondary air are supplied as indicated by arrows 5 and 6 is indicated.
  • the primary air inlet is in the front area of the boiler arranged, preferably adjustable ventilation flap 7 formed.
  • the primary air enters the filling shaft as upper air and / or lower air 1, as indicated by the arrows 5 a, b.
  • the secondary air gets wider injected downstream, as will be explained later.
  • the volatile combustion products withdraw from the filling shaft 1, such as is indicated by the arrow 8.
  • the filling shaft is in the near-rust area Provide a flow outlet in the area of its rear wall.
  • the from Filling duct 1 outgoing flow path leads over a filling duct 1 adjacent combustion zone 9 and a heat exchange zone arranged downstream of this 10 to one in the area of the upper end of the rear boiler wall arranged, outgoing outlet port 11.
  • the combustion zone 9 is designed so that afterburning takes place, so that the flue gas emerging at the outlet port 11 is only slight Residues of CO and dust.
  • a heat transfer medium water in the example shown, heated.
  • the combustion zone 9, which is located in the back of the filling shaft 1 adjoining boiler area contains at least one with chimney-shaped combustion shaft 12 arranged upright, the one at its lower end by one transverse to its axis arranged, horizontal inflow duct 13 with the filling shaft 1 connected is.
  • the upper end of the combustion shaft 12 is open without restriction.
  • the bottom 14 of the filling shaft 12 is approximately at the level of the grate 3 that closes the filling chute 1 downwards.
  • the above-mentioned secondary air is in the area of the combustion zone 9 fed.
  • the one above the secondary air inlet connected distribution channel 21 arranged bottom 14 of the Combustion shaft 12 with at least one with a vertical axis, that is parallel, 12 bore-shaped to the axis of the combustion shaft Provide ventilation hole 15 through which secondary air can flow in, such as is indicated by the arrow 6b.
  • the axial direction of the ventilation hole 15 crosses the lying axis of the inflow channel 13.
  • the in the direction of Arrow 8 from the filling shaft 1 into the combustion shaft 12 Combustion products flowing in are as a result of the standing Arrangement of the combustion shaft 12 deflected upwards and flow along due to the effective pull and their thermal buoyancy high speed downwards.
  • the combustion shaft 12 is accordingly from bottom to top flows through.
  • inflowing combustion products result from the high Flow velocity is a negative pressure at the bottom.
  • the ventilation holes 15 inflowing secondary air practically crosses the mass flow of incoming combustion products, which ensures good mixing and thus achieved a good mixture formation for the afterburning become.
  • the combustion shaft extends 12 to the upper boiler area.
  • the upper, open end 16 of the Combustion shaft 12 is located approximately in the example shown the level of the rear outlet port 11.
  • the clear cross section of the Combustion shaft 12 is the same over the entire height, so that no narrowing.
  • a circular cross section provided so that there is a cylindrical combustion shaft configuration results.
  • the inflow channel 13 is, as can best be seen from FIG of the circular cross section of the combustion shaft 12 tangentially arranged so that the incoming combustion products on the circular Wall of the combustion shaft 12 guided along and accordingly are set into a rotational movement. Because at the same time, as mentioned above, there is an increasing movement, there is practically a spiral movement indicated near 17 in FIG. 1 at 17 inside the combustion shaft 12. As a result of the rotation This results in good wall contact and therefore good heat exchange with the wall of the combustion shaft 12, which is positive the reliability of afterburning regardless of throughput affects.
  • FIG. 1 To ensure a good admixture of secondary air, here are how Figure 2 can be seen further, several bottom ventilation holes 15 are provided. These can therefore have a comparatively small cross section have, so that rays with high penetration and thus a good mixing with those entering the combustion shaft 12 transversely thereto Combustion products result.
  • the ventilation holes 15 are arranged on a pitch circle close to the wall, expediently only the near the filling shaft Half of the circumference of this sub-circle is occupied, since here the Suction is best.
  • Combustion shaft 12 In the smallest size of the boiler according to the invention, only one can Combustion shaft 12 may be provided. In the example shown, as FIG. 2 further shows, two cylindrical ones arranged side by side Combustion shafts 12 are provided. The side by side Combustion shafts 12 practically form one to the rear wall of the Filling chute 1 parallel row. Of course it would be conceivable, too to arrange more than two combustion shafts side by side. All the provided combustion ducts 12 are expediently the same educated.
  • Each combustion shaft 12 has an inflow channel 13 on the bottom assigned.
  • the inflow ducts 13 of all combustion ducts 12 are arranged so that their inlet cross-sections 13a, practically form the exit of the filling shaft 1, approximately evenly over the Distribute the filling shaft width, which spreads over the entire filling shaft width uniform burning guaranteed.
  • the inflow channels 13 have expediently a rectangular cross section, the Cross-sectional height is greater than the cross-sectional width. This results in practically a slim flow band that fits neatly on the wall of the Filling chute 12 can create. All inlet channels 13 are expedient the same cross section.
  • the combustion shafts 12 with associated inflow channels 13 and Ventilation holes 15 are in a refractory material, for example Chamotte, existing insert 18 integrated. This extends in one piece across the entire boiler width and accordingly across all existing combustion ducts 12. It would also be conceivable, several inserts each containing only one combustion shaft to be placed side by side. This practically results in a modular structure, where the boiler width depends on the required output changed.
  • Each insert 18 is expediently divided into several over the height Blocks divided, which are placed on top of each other like chimneys can, which makes assembly easier.
  • the block structure of the Insert 18 or the inserts 18 results in a large, the combustion channels 12 surrounding material accumulation and thus a high heat storage capacity. As a result, even with long operating periods fluctuating throughput as high as possible Temperature and thus a reliable afterburning of the Combustion shafts 12 flowing gases reached as a result of spiral flow close to the wall into an intensive wall-side Heat exchange come.
  • the heat exchange zone 10 is accordingly with lamella-like, parallel to the rear wall of the filling shaft 1 arranged pockets 19 to which water can be applied Mistake.
  • the insert 18 is here between the first and the second, the Filling shaft 1 facing pocket 19 arranged. These are accordingly in thermal contact with the insert 18.
  • the others Pockets 19 delimit gap-shaped flow channels 20 between them the flue gases flow through here in parallel, which then to be deflected to the outlet port 11.
  • the insert 18 is arranged at a distance from the floor.
  • the Space below the insert 18 results in the entire width of the boiler continuous chamber which is connected to the secondary air inlet and thus acts as a distribution channel 21 through which the secondary air all ventilation holes 15 is distributed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Chaudière avec une chambre de remplissage (1) pouvant être remplie de combustibles solides, en particulier du bois, et pouvant être alimentée en air comburant, aménagée pour une combustion du côté du fond, et dont part un chemin d'écoulement conduisant à une sortie de gaz brûlés (11) passant par une zone de combustion (9) voisine de la chambre de remplissage (1) et pouvant être alimentée avec des gaz de combustion et de l'air secondaire, traversée de bas en haut, et par une zone d'échange de chaleur (10) en aval de celle-ci, la zone de combustion (9) présentant au moins une chambre de combustion (12) en forme de cheminée disposée à axe vertical, qui est raccordée à la chambre de remplissage (1) à son extrémité inférieure, par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un canal d'admission (13) débouchant tangentiellement, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de combustion (12) fabriquée en matériau réfractaire peut être alimentée en air secondaire par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un trou d'aération (15) prévu côté fond et ménagé à proximité de la paroi.
  2. Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la zone de combustion (9) présente plusieurs, de préférence deux chambres de combustion (12) parallèles en forme de cheminées, lesquelles sont agencées en formant une rangée parallèle à la paroi de la chambre de remplissage voisine.
  3. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que toutes les chambres de combustion (12) ont la même forme, de préférence une forme de cylindre de section transversale circulaire constante sur toute la hauteur.
  4. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de combustion (12) ou les chambres de combustion (12) présente(nt) une hauteur s'étendant du niveau du fond de la chambre de remplissage (1) jusque dans la zone supérieure de la chaudière.
  5. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les canaux d'admission prévus (13) sont répartis régulièrement avec leur sections d'entrée (13a) sur la largeur de la paroi correspondante de la chambre de remplissage (1).
  6. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'à chaque chambre de combustion (12) correspond un canal d'admission (13).
  7. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque canal d'admission (13) présente une section transversale rectangulaire plus grande en hauteur qu'en largeur.
  8. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'à chaque chambre de combustion (12) correspondent plusieurs trous d'aération (15) en forme de percements, agencés sur un cercle partiel proche de la paroi, de préférence dans la zone du périmètre du cercle partiel faisant face à la chambre de remplissage (1).
  9. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'à la zone de combustion (9) correspond au moins un insert (18) fabriqué en matériau réfractaire et contenant au moins une chambre de combustion (12), qui est maçonné de préférence avec des briques moulées empilables.
  10. Chaudière selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'insert (18) est placé entre deux poches (19) du dispositif d'échange de chaleur (10) lequel présente d'autres poches (19) s'échelonnant les unes derrière les autres à une distance donnant naissance à des fentes d'écoulement (20).
EP97101776A 1996-03-28 1997-02-05 Chaudière Expired - Lifetime EP0798510B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19612403A DE19612403A1 (de) 1996-03-28 1996-03-28 Heizkessel
DE19612403 1996-03-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0798510A2 EP0798510A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798510A3 EP0798510A3 (fr) 1998-04-08
EP0798510B1 true EP0798510B1 (fr) 2000-06-21

Family

ID=7789766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97101776A Expired - Lifetime EP0798510B1 (fr) 1996-03-28 1997-02-05 Chaudière

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EP (1) EP0798510B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE194030T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19612403A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2134838C1 (ru) 1999-01-14 1999-08-20 Скроцкий Виктор Георгиевич Печь
EP1085259B1 (fr) 1999-09-15 2004-01-14 LIGNOTECH Entwicklung von Biomassefeuerungsanlagen GmbH Appareil pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes
AT6578U3 (de) * 1999-09-15 2004-05-25 Lignotech Entwicklung Von Biom Vorrichtung zum verbrennen biogener brennstoffe
AT410254B (de) * 2000-09-01 2003-03-25 Froeling Heizkessel Und Behael Brennkammer für einen mit festbrennstoffen beheizbaren kessel
DE102007023051A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Martin Ahrends Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum
CZ201374A3 (cs) * 2013-02-04 2015-03-11 Step Trutnov A.S. Kotel pro spalování celých balíků biomasy
DE102013210985A1 (de) 2013-06-12 2014-12-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Kleinfeuerungsanlage mit Einbau
FR3031573B1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2017-01-27 Planete Bois Generateur a buches de bois a combustion laterale a hautes performances energetiques et environnementales
DK3798513T3 (da) * 2019-09-26 2022-08-22 Oekofen Forschungs Und Entw M B H Varmeindretning
CN115388459B (zh) * 2022-08-16 2023-04-18 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 一种具有烤火功能的环保型柴火炉

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210995A (en) * 1977-09-12 1980-07-08 Heimburg Richard W Method of constructing a burner
CH671822A5 (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-09-29 Haefliger Ag Geb Solid fuel fired boiler - has after burning chamber connected to primary combustion chamber by mixing tube
SE463576B (sv) * 1989-08-04 1990-12-10 Jan Wiklund Braennare foer fasta braenslen, foersedd med anordningar foer aastadkommande av fullstaendig foerbraenning
DE29605801U1 (de) * 1996-03-28 1996-06-27 Georg Fischer GmbH & Co, 89312 Günzburg Heizkessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE194030T1 (de) 2000-07-15
DE59701903D1 (de) 2000-07-27
EP0798510A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798510A3 (fr) 1998-04-08
DE19612403A1 (de) 1997-10-02

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