EP0758699B1 - Verfahren zur Einbringung von sich verjüngenden Pfählen, zugehörige Pfähle, und daraus hergestellte Gründungen und Fundamentbildungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Einbringung von sich verjüngenden Pfählen, zugehörige Pfähle, und daraus hergestellte Gründungen und Fundamentbildungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0758699B1 EP0758699B1 EP96111806A EP96111806A EP0758699B1 EP 0758699 B1 EP0758699 B1 EP 0758699B1 EP 96111806 A EP96111806 A EP 96111806A EP 96111806 A EP96111806 A EP 96111806A EP 0758699 B1 EP0758699 B1 EP 0758699B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piles
- pile
- ground
- concrete
- concrete piles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
- E02D27/14—Pile framings, i.e. piles assembled to form the substructure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/26—Placing by using several means simultaneously
Definitions
- the invention initially relates to a method for introduction of piles tapering in the direction of insertion the ground, which is used to support or support buildings or building parts, in particular building foundations serve (preamble of claim 1).
- Such, in the Piles also called “nails” by experts are from DE-PS 194 125 in the form of hollow ramming piles tapering downwards known from reinforced concrete. According to the title cited above In this patent, these piles are said to be in the ground be rammed in.
- steam-driven battering rams usual ramming of piles, sheet piling and the like referred to by steam-driven battering rams.
- This composition of the pile to be driven in from several Elements has the further disadvantage that the elements shift at their junctures can, or that the junction from the flight of the Elements to the side, so that the entire pile in has one or more kinks.
- the aforementioned are often Shifts or kinks after insertion of the concrete pile can no longer be determined and therefore a permanent threat to the structure supported by it represent.
- WO 94/17252 discloses piles and methods which should contribute to an improvement of the foundation. To do this, use a slightly tapered pile Hammering or vibration driven into the ground. The created hole is either directly with cement or similar poured out or struts first inserted and then poured cement into it.
- the task or problem of the invention is in contrast, initially in a procedure for collecting of piles according to the preamble of claim 1 in to create the earth with a relatively small Work and material expenditure is feasible, the so driven piles under the one resting on them No or practically no longer set the building load, i.e. not penetrate further into the ground, which is a corresponding lowering (settlement) of the building in question would result.
- the piles reciprocate in their longitudinal direction Vibrations and in this way initially in the Earth can be driven to a position that is short before reaching its intended final depth it is convenient that the vibrations are then switched off and then a final phase of driving in by application a vibration-free force acting in the driving direction on the pile until it is pre-tensioned is firmly held in the ground.
- This bias can also be seen as a wedging or bracing of the pile be understood with the adjacent soil.
- the bringing in such piles by means of in their longitudinal direction and vibrations are compared to the known Ramming cheaper because it is essential with a less equipment expenditure and also one essential less noise can occur.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is the subject of claim 2 the pile is not under the longitudinal vibrations or -vibrations set, but by means of an appropriate Tensile or compressive force over a portion of its length in depressed the ground. It is therefore relative to the earth firmly held so that the on it in its longitudinal direction acting vibrations can not lead to it moved aside or even damaged.
- the invention further relates to the configurations from Concrete or reinforced concrete existing piles for the implementation of the method according to the invention can be used can. For this purpose, reference is made to claims 3 to 11.
- the concrete piles are over their entire Length with a tapered or arched downward Provide taper.
- the surfaces roughened the outside of the piles or there are there deepenings.
- the piles take on their diameter viewed from the bottom up constantly. This has a constant displacement of the soil with the introduction of the piles. It will also hold the Piles in the ground with the pretension explained in claim 1 further consolidated.
- the further in such piles provided roughening or deepening support the The piles in question stop in or on the side of the ground.
- Claim 5 gives the Possibility of inclining or tapering the piles in Dependence on the consistency of the respective soil choose. This tendency can be around 2-6%.
- Claim 7 includes a preferred embodiment of the Invention for creating outer surfaces or sides of the Concrete pile, which have roughening and / or depressions.
- the claims 9 and 10 allow the attachment both a vibrator as well as a foundation, e.g. one Support plate.
- the principle of driving the piles 1 into the ground 2 is shown in Figs. 1-4.
- the stake in question 1 is with a only schematically indicated bracket 3 in placed vertically on the ground 2 and then by a pushing or pulling force according to arrow 4 over a Section 5 of its total length L pressed into the ground. This indentation is vibration-free or vibration-free.
- the upper end face 6 of the Pile 1 a vibrator, here only schematically indicated vibrator 7, placed in the, not shown Way connected to the upper portion 8 of the pile 1 and this in its longitudinal direction A-B according to the Arrows 9 swings up and down until it is the one shown in FIG Has reached the driving position.
- the pile 1 is tapered downwards. He can any cross-sectional shape, e.g. square or rectangular 7 have. He could also use an oval instead or have a circular cross-section. Furthermore, the Post 1 "trumpet-like" towards its upper end face expand as it is by the dash-dotted lines Lines 12 in Fig. 1 is indicated above.
- piles have one Design of the taper of its outer sides in such a way that after driving in and final impressions in stick the earth to it.
- the rejuvenation of the Piles depending on the consistency of each Soil can be chosen, in such a way that with harder The inclination of the outside of the concrete pile whose longitudinal central axis A-B is smaller and a softer one In contrast, soil is larger.
- the Inclination of each of the outer sides of the pile 1 in question its longitudinal central axis A-B is about 2 to 6%.
- the task of Invention roughened the surfaces of the outside of the piles or be provided with depressions. This will further their liability or friction on the surrounding Soil increased. For this it is recommended to use the concrete piles to produce from a porous concrete material, the the aforementioned porosity the roughening or indentation forms.
- the piles 1 are made of concrete or reinforced concrete. You can also hollow and be made from a porous concrete, so that through its hollow interior (not shown) about the porous concrete in the ground is sucked off can be. This reduces the on very damp floors Risk of excessive slipperiness on the outside of the pile on Ground.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show arrangements and Devices shown to the piles according to the invention in the Bring in soil.
- 5 is a smaller one, off-road vehicle 14 at the construction site by means of Common, hydraulically operated supports 15 supported and possibly held firmly by a ballast 16. It carries a via only schematically indicated struts 17 likewise only schematically indicated bracket 18, in the a hydraulic system 19 is attached.
- the movable part 19 ' this hydraulic is fixed in a manner not shown the upper region of the vibrator 7 connected via a only indicated connection 20 at the upper area 8 of the pile 1 attacks.
- the hydraulics 19 ensures the so-called Preload, i.e. the last vibrationless impression of the Pile 1 into the ground from the position shown in FIG. 3 in that of Fig. 4.
- FIG. 6 shows the Post 1 before it is placed in the ground. This matches with 1.
- the second cable 26 is moved by the roller 29 of the tractor and overflows another pulley 30 of leader 23, which as well the aforementioned pulley 28 in the upper area is appropriate.
- the cable 26 runs from the deflection roller 30 to a lower guide roller 31 of the leader and from there back up to the vibrator 7. This cable serves at corresponding drive via the roller 29, via which then not operated vibrator the pole 1 from the position 3 to the end position shown in FIG. 4, i.e. to give him the pretension already explained.
- Both the device 14 and the tractor 21 are because of required off-road capability with a caterpillar drive Mistake.
- Fig. 7 shows the possibility of executing one of the piles 1 in perspective. From this is both the Taper the pile from its top face 6 to to its lower end face 13 as well as a rectangular one or square cross-sectional shape. It could but also an oval or circular cross-sectional shape be provided.
- the cast-on pin 35 can be gripped of the pile by a crane or to connect to the Serve vibrator.
- FIG. 8 shows in this example a top view of part of the bottom 2 with a total of nine piles 1, each of which is the upper one End faces are recognizable. What to apply to this The foundation is for the sake of simplifying the drawing only indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 shows a view in the direction of arrow 32 with cast foundation 33.
- the foundation 33 is on the top end faces 6 of the piles 1, which are in are on a common level. You can do this in Pour the material of the piles 1 embedded iron rods 34 his. These iron struts 34 are in one of the piles 1 in Fig. 8 indicated. You can stop the piles at her Set down on the ground and also to transfer the Vibrations from vibrator 7 serve on the piles.
- So is a foundation 33 created in Fig. 8 by a group this single foundation of piles 1, here of eight Piles in the square and one in the middle of the square arranged pile is formed. Brackets 35 and 34 are firmly connected to the upper end faces of the piles 1.
- FIGS. 10, 11 An arrangement of the piles according to FIGS. 10, 11 may be provided, which, like the piles after the Embodiment of Figures 8, 9 according to the teaching of Invention are introduced into the ground. It is a Area 36 shown, in which a number of support posts 1 in several rows next to or on top of each other C-D and E-F is driven into the soil 2.
- the distances a between the support piles are relative low. They are chosen, for example 0.5 m, that according to the respective load and the soil value areas 37 with the driving of the supporting piles between them compacted earth, which is cross-hatched in Fig. 11 are shown.
- the support piles taper 1 from above, i.e.
- the piles can be configured as previously explained. This creates a total area between the piles compacted soil. They also serve here as well as in the other embodiments, the side walls 38 of the soil as contact and support areas for the tapered side walls 39 of the support piles 1.
- the load of the structure indicated by the arrows 40 presses on the supporting piles 1.
- the length L of the piles is in the range of 8 - 12 m, while the dimension of the upper end face 6 50 x 50 cm and the lower end face 13 is 15 x 15 cm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1 bis 4 :
- verschiedene Stadien des Eintreibvorganges gemäß dem-erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, mit Darstellung von Pfählen nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 5 :
- eine erste Ausführungsmöglichkeit eines Gerätes zur Durchführung des Eintreibvorganges,
- Fig. 6 :
- eine zweite Ausführungsmöglichkeit eines Gerätes zur Durchführung des Eintreibvorganges,
- Fig. 7 :
- einen Pfahl nach der Erfindung in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 8, 9 :
- in Teilansichten die Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit einer Gründung für ein Einzelfundament, mit Darstellung von Pfählen nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 10, 11 :
- eine Ausführungsmöglichkeit der Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit einer Gründung in Form eines plattenförmigen Fundamentes, mit Darstellung von Pfählen nach der Erfindung. Dabei ist Fig. 11 ein Schnitt gemäß der Linie XI-XI in Fig. 10.
Claims (11)
- Verfahren zur Einbringung von sich in Einbringrichtung verjüngenden Pfählen (1) in den Erdboden (2), die zur Abstützung bzw. dem Tragen von Bauwerken oder Bauwerksteilen, insbesondere von Bauwerksfundamenten dienen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pfähle (1) in in ihrer Längsrichtung (A-B) hin- und hergehende Schwingungen (9) versetzt und in dieser Weise zunächst in den Erdboden (2) bis zu einer Position eingetrieben werden, die kurz vor Erreichen ihrer endgültigen Tiefenlage gelegen ist, daß danach die Schwingungen abgestellt werden und dann eine Endphase des Eintreibvorganges durch Aufbringen einer in Eintreibrichtung (4) wirkenden, schwingungsfreien Zug- oder Druckkraft (10) auf den Pfahl erfolgt, bis dieser mit einer gewissen Vorspannung im Erdboden fest gehalten ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der jeweilige Pfahl (1) zunächst schwingungslos über einen Teilbereich (5) seiner Länge (L) in den Erdboden (2) eingezogen oder eingedrückt wird und daß erst danach dem Pfahl die Schwingungen (9) zugeführt werden.
- Betonpfähle zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Betonpfähle über ihre gesamte Länge eine konisch oder bogenförmig nach unten verlaufende Verjüngung aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächen der Außenseiten (1') der Betonpfähle (1) aufgerauht oder mit Vertiefungen versehen sind.
- Betonpfähle nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch eine Ausgestaltung der Steigung der Außenseiten (1') der Pfähle (1) zu ihrer Längsmittelachse (A-B) derart, daß sie nach ihrem Eintreiben und endgültigen Eindrücken in den Erdboden (2) an diesem haften.
- Betonpfähle nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei härterem Erdboden die Neigung der Außenseiten (1') des Betonpfahles zu dessen Längsmittelachse (A-8) kleiner ist als bei einem weicheren Erdboden.
- Betonpfähle nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Betonpfähle (1) im Bereich ihrer oberen Enden (8) "trompeten"-artig nach oben/außen erweitern (12).
- Betonpfähle nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Schaffung der Aufrauhungen oder Vertiefungen die Betonpfähle (1) aus einem porösen Beton bestehen.
- Betonpfähle nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pfähle (1) einen etwa quadratischen oder runden oder etwa elliptischen Querschnitt aufweisen.
- Betonpfähle zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, sowie nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pfähle (1) in ihrem oberen Bereich (8) eine von der oberen Stirnfläche (6) her zugängige Halterung (35; 34) für das Anbringen eines Vibrators aufweisen.
- Betonpfähle nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Halterungen (35; 34) für die Befestigung eines Einzelfundamentes (33) ausgebildet sind.
- Betonpfähle nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einzelfundament (33) mit Trageisen (34) vergossen ist, die von den oberen Bereichen (8) der Pfähle (1) über deren oberen Stirnflächen (6) nach oben vorragen.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29512311U | 1995-07-31 | ||
DE29512311U DE29512311U1 (de) | 1995-07-31 | 1995-07-31 | Anordnung zur Oberflächenverdichtung von Böden |
DE19535183 | 1995-09-25 | ||
DE1995135183 DE19535183A1 (de) | 1995-07-31 | 1995-09-25 | Verfahren zur Einbringung von sich in der Einbringrichtung verjüngenden Pfählen in den Erdboden, Ausgestaltungen der zugehörigen Pfähle, aus mehreren derart eingebrachten Pfählen hergestellte Gründungen u. ggf. Fundamentbildungen, sowie Geräte zur Durchführung des vorgenannten Verfahrens |
DE29601080U DE29601080U1 (de) | 1995-07-31 | 1996-01-23 | Betonpfähle zum Einbringen in den Erdboden, sowie aus mehreren derartigen Pfählen hergestellte Gründungen und gegebenenfalls Fundamentbildungen, sowie Geräte zum Einbringen der Betonpfähle |
DE29601080U | 1996-01-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0758699A1 EP0758699A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 |
EP0758699B1 true EP0758699B1 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
Family
ID=27215498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96111806A Expired - Lifetime EP0758699B1 (de) | 1995-07-31 | 1996-07-23 | Verfahren zur Einbringung von sich verjüngenden Pfählen, zugehörige Pfähle, und daraus hergestellte Gründungen und Fundamentbildungen |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0758699B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE207168T1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101331703B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-10 | 2013-11-20 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 강관 말뚝 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0902128A3 (de) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-04-28 | Van Splunder Funderingstechniek B.V. | Verfahren zur Einbringung von Verkehrsfundamenten und Vorrichtung dafür |
GB2330370B (en) * | 1997-10-18 | 2001-11-28 | Roxbury Ltd | Improvements in piling arrangements |
GB9724024D0 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1998-01-14 | Kvaerner Cementation Found Ltd | Improved piling method |
GB2354276B (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2001-05-09 | Kvaerner Cementation Found Ltd | Improved methods and apparatus for boring and piling |
US6672015B2 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2004-01-06 | Menard Soltraitement | Concrete pile made of such a concrete and method for drilling a hole adapted for receiving the improved concrete pile in a weak ground |
NL1017350C1 (nl) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-14 | Prepoton Panelcraft Groep B V | Fundering voor kassen en dergelijke. |
GB2384510B (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2005-06-22 | Cementation Found Skanska Ltd | Construction and design of foundation elements |
CN101298770B (zh) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | 一种扩底预应力锥形管桩及其施工方法 |
EP2446089B1 (de) * | 2009-06-24 | 2023-04-19 | Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bodenverbesserung |
US8328470B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-12-11 | Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ground improvement |
US9915050B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2018-03-13 | Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ground improvement |
NL2006996C2 (nl) | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-02 | Schokindustrie B V | Verjongde funderingspaal. |
GB2580041B8 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2023-06-07 | Keltbray Ltd | Improvements in and relating to pile foundations |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE194125C (de) | ||||
DE230436C (de) * | 1910-02-05 | 1911-01-26 | Wilhelm Bechtel | Eisenbetonrammpfahl |
US3820347A (en) * | 1971-11-01 | 1974-06-28 | Oolite Ind Inc | Tapered piles and methods of using tapered piles |
CH622570A5 (en) | 1977-09-29 | 1981-04-15 | Fietz & Leuthold Ag | Set of prefabricated concrete-pile elements and impact-driven concrete pile produced with the same |
JPS61179920A (ja) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-08-12 | Ohbayashigumi Ltd | 地中貫入部材用揺動装置 |
NL8701500A (nl) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-16 | Ringvaart B V De | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een door heipalen ondersteunde fundering. |
GB9301891D0 (en) * | 1993-01-30 | 1993-03-17 | Roxbury Ltd | Improvements in or relating to foundations |
-
1996
- 1996-07-23 EP EP96111806A patent/EP0758699B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-23 AT AT96111806T patent/ATE207168T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101331703B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-10 | 2013-11-20 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 강관 말뚝 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE207168T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
EP0758699A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 |
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