EP0757736B1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum enteisen von fahrbahnen unter wiederverwendung rückgewonnener auftaulösungen - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zum enteisen von fahrbahnen unter wiederverwendung rückgewonnener auftaulösungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0757736B1 EP0757736B1 EP95918593A EP95918593A EP0757736B1 EP 0757736 B1 EP0757736 B1 EP 0757736B1 EP 95918593 A EP95918593 A EP 95918593A EP 95918593 A EP95918593 A EP 95918593A EP 0757736 B1 EP0757736 B1 EP 0757736B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- melting
- solution
- agent
- concentration
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/005—Permanently-installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials, e.g. for spreading grit, for spraying de-icing liquids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for defrosting Roads on which a thawing solution of thawing agent in Water to lower the freezing point, which - if necessary mixed with rainwater and meltwater - as Condensation runs off the roadway, which you catch and after Checking its defrosting content (in 18) depending either derived from the test result or reused, by using it again as the aqueous thawing solution applies and to a facility for performing the method, with attached along the lanes to be de-iced Organs for applying the thawing solution to the road and drainage devices for collecting the defrost water from the Roadway that has channels, a concentration sensor for the Defrosting agent concentration and one controlled by the sensor Switch on the one hand with a derivative and on the other hand with are connected to a catch basin, which in turn a connection to the organs for applying the thawing agent Has.
- Such a device and such a method are known from WO 93/00481.
- WO 93/00481 According to this state of the art that of the road, especially of highways draining condensate collected and, if necessary, after Add more thawing agent or highly concentrated Thawing solution, reapplied to the road, in particular sprayed automatically via nozzles. Pure rainwater, that runs off the road, but can also directly in a receiving water can be derived. Recycling the Condensation for new thawing solution leads to savings new thawing agent and also relieves the environment otherwise due to the defrosting agent content in the defrost water, especially salt, is claimed.
- Defrosting agent requires an approx. 18 - 33% aqueous solution. Preferably 22-25% solutions are used. The condensation is, however, due to the addition of precipitation and melt water relatively diluted, a large percentage it must even be derived directly into the receiving water because the reuse is not worthwhile.
- the invention is intended to improve recovery of the recoverable thawing agent.
- a facility for performing this method is according to Claim 9 trained so that between the catch basin and the oranges to apply of the thawing agent a concentration increase level for the Concentration of the thawing agent in the reusable thawing solution Defrost is turned on with a drain for the other hand, decreased in concentration Share of defrost water. Through these measures, higher Parts of the defrost water are reused in the circuit will.
- Separation steps to increase concentration and corresponding Devices are, mostly for the purpose of desalination, known per se (e.g. Schwering "Water becomes water again", Gütling GmbH company name).
- the known ones are suitable for this Ion exchange circulation systems, desalination plants and filter systems with membrane filtration or ultrafiltration.
- When connected upstream for example, mechanical filters that Filter out dirt and floating particles from the condensation, are suitable for desalination plants, which after Work osmosis principle.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the application on a roadway, the top layer of which Drain asphalt exists because such pavements only little condensation and slush splashed into the area water, but because of the porosity of the asphalt oozes on the road and is collected below.
- the method according to the invention can be combined very advantageously are checked with a pollutant load of the Defrost water, especially the pollution with oil, and one Discharge of heavily contaminated condensation water or a separation the pollutants, for example in an oil separator, or with better secretion effect, in a filter like one Microfilter.
- Microfilters have larger pores than ultrafilters, however small enough to retain oil.
- the single figure shows a roadway with a top view an automatic device located at the edge of the road Deicing the road.
- the drawing shows a roadway 1 with roadway edges 2 and along one of the drainage shafts marked in the roadway edges 3, the drain channels 4 with a common Drainage channel 5 are connected. This installation is drawn along one of the road edges, it can also triple on both sides or on lanes with median strips to be available. On the surface between the drainage ducts 3 are collecting channels leading to these drainage shafts 6 available. These facilities are used for deduction of condensation and rainwater.
- organs for applying Thawing solution namely spray nozzles 11 installed over a distribution line 12 are fed, which in turn via a line 13 with thawing solution, namely in general Saline solution under pressure.
- the condensation water collected by the drainage shafts 3, the except the sprayed thawing solution also melt water and rain water contains, after appropriate preparation partially reused as a thawing solution. Goes through this There is first a sensor 18 in the embodiment shown at the same time a sensor for the pollution of the Condensation, e.g. B. oil contained therein, and also for the Concentration of thawing agent and two switches 19 and 20 controls, of which the switch 19 is first switched on and is a pollutant switch, at one exit the Switch 20 connects, which is a solution switch.
- the first Exit of the pollutant switch 19 leads to a pollutant catch basin 23, which is heavily contaminated with pollutants such as oil or Chemicals, for example due to an accident on the Have reached the road, mixed water for the purpose of disposal is caught.
- the percentages mentioned are only for guidance Example, as they can fluctuate widely.
- the to be processed on the one hand depend on the depending on the climatic conditions, d. H. especially the amount and frequency of application of thawing solution, that from the given temperatures and rainfall result.
- the requirements are the quality of the wastewater to be discharged and comply with the respective environmental requirements, decisive for the degree of desalination and the permissible Residual pollution value of the wastewater.
- the concentration increase level 26 consists of a commercially available Desalination plant that is complete or extensive demineralized water via a drain line 31 in the Emits receiving water and, in the case of the usual water desalination as the rest, in the present case as the useful product, a concentrated thawing solution via a line 32 in the Solution pool 25 initiates.
- concentration increase stage 26 also one upstream of the actual desalination stage Microfilter that filters out oils and fats and them via a line 33 to the pollutant collecting basin 23. Smaller amounts of pollutants carried, so still not to completely switch the pollutant switch 19 are filtered here.
- the solution pool 25 becomes sufficient in it amount collected by a suction pump 37 via a removal line 38 Thawing solution initially only in a roughly set one Concentration taken and goes through another Sensor 39 that controls a mixing valve 40 that the Thawing solution 41 fresh from a storage tank as required Thawing agent or highly concentrated thawing agent solution, or water diluted again from a water pipe 42.
- the admixture of water may then be necessary if the concentration of the thawing solution depends on the temperature is set and the concentration increase level 26 a provides certain concentration for the maximum expected cold.
- the desired one Concentration of the thawing solution directly in the solution pool 25 set by the one hand from the Concentration increase level 26 is a high concentration solution is initiated and, on the other hand, as required certain amount of low concentration thawing solution the condensation water collecting basin 24 via a further line in the solution pool 25 is introduced.
- the condensation coming from the carriageway basically only in the pollutant catch basin 23 initiated. From there it goes through a cleaning unit that contains pollutants and Filters out dirt particles. Only then does the pretreated Water depending on the concentration of thawing agent either in the condensate catchment basin 24 or to Receiving water 21. This ensures that there are no malfunctions the desalination plant by dirt or Share of pollutants are caused.
- Spray nozzles 11 it is also possible if there is no installation for Spray nozzles 11 is present or the solution collecting basin 25 is full and there is currently no sufficient need for there is immediate defrosting, the ready thawing solution to pump in winter service tank vehicles and with their help on road sections corresponding needs to distribute.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Description
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zum Enteisen von Fahrbahnen (1), auf die man eine Auftaulösung von Auftaumittel in Wasser zum Senken des Gefrierpunktes aufbringt, die - gegebenenfalls gemischt mit Niederschlags- und Schmelzwasser - als Tauwasser von der Fahrbahn abläuft, das man auffängt und nach Prüfung seines Gehalts an Auftaumittel (18) in Abhängigkeit vom Prüfungsergebnis entweder ableitet oder wiederverwendet, indem man es erneut als die wässerige Auftaulösung aufbringt (11), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zur Erhöhung der Lösungskonzentration des wiederzuverwendenden Tauwassers vor dem Wiederaufbringen als Auftaulösung dieses einem Trennschritt unterwirft, bei dem man es in zwei Teilströme teilt, nämlich einerseits einen Teilstrom mit auftaumittelfreiem oder -armem Wasser (31), den man ableitet, und andererseits einen Teilstrom mit einer höher konzentrierten Lösung (32), die man wiederverwendet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Trennschritt mit Hilfe eines Ionenaustauschs durchführt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Trennschritt mit Hilfe einer Filterung durchführt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch die Anwendung bei einer Fahrbahn, deren oberste Schicht aus Drain-Asphalt besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man im Strömungsverlauf zwischen dem Auffangen des Tauwassers (3) und dessen Wiederaufbringen als Auftaulösung (11) eine Schadstoffabsonderung (19, 26) durchführt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Schadstoffabsonderung (19) vor dem Trennschritt (26) durchführt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man der Auftaulösung nach der Erhöhung der Lösungskonzentration und vor dem erneuten Aufbringen auf die Fahrbahn frisches Auftaumittel zugibt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Auftaumittel nach der Erhöung der Lösungskonzentration in Tankfahrzeuge lädt und den Transport zur Fahrbahn tankfüllungsweise über die Tanks der Fahrzeuge durchführt.
- Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, mit entlang den zu enteisenden Fahrbahnen (1) angebrachten Organen (11) zum Aufbringen der Auftaulösung auf die Fahrbahn und Abzugseinrichtungen (3) zum Sammeln des Tauwassers von der Fahrbahn, die über Kanäle (4, 5), einen Konzentrationssensor (18) für die Auftaumittelkonzentration des Tauwassers und eine durch den Sensor gesteuerte Weiche (20) einerseits mit einer Ableitung (21) und andererseits mit einem Auffangbecken (24) verbunden sind, das seinerseits wiederum eine Verbindung zu den Organen (11) zum Aufbringen der Auftaulösung hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Auffangbecken (24) und den Organen (11) zum Aufbringen der Auftaulösung eine Konzentrationserhöhungsstufe (26) für die Konzentration des Auftaumittels im als Auftaulösung wiederzuverwendenden Tauwasser eingeschaltet ist, mit einer Ableitung (31) für den andererseits in seiner Konzentration erniedrigten Anteil des Tauwassers.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Konzentrationserhöhungsstufe (26) ein weiteres Sammelbecken folgt.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentrationserhöhungsstufe (26) in eine Kaskade von Teil-Konzentrationserhöhungsstufen aufgeteilt ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein weiterer Konzentrationssensor (39), der zwischen der Konzentrationserhöhungsstufe (26) und den Organen (11) zum Aufbringen der Auftaulösung eingeschaltet ist, eine Einrichtung (40) zur Zuspeisung von Konzentrat und/oder Wasser steuert.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Strömungsverlauf des Tauwassers zwischen den Abzugseinrichtungen (3) und den Organen (11) zum Aufbringen wenigstens ein Schadstoffsensor (18) eingeschaltet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Strömungsverlauf des Tauwassers zwischen den Abzugseinrichtungen (3) und den Organen (11) zum Aufbringen wenigstens eine Schadstoffweiche (19) eingeschaltet ist.
- Einrichtung nach dem auf Anspruch 13 rückbezogenen Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. der erste Schadstoffsensor (18) und, von ihm gesteuert, die bzw. eine erste Schadstoffweiche (19) zwischen den Abzugseinrichtungen und der durch den Sensor (18) für die Auftaumittelkonzentration gesteuerten Weiche (20) eingeschaltet ist und ihrem Auslaß für schadstoffbelastetes Tauwasser ein Schadstoffsammelbecken (23) nachgeschaltet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentrationserhöhungsstufe (26) mit einer Schadstoff-Abtrennstufe kombiniert ist und ihrem Auslaß für schadstoffbelastetes Tauwasser das bzw. ein Schadstoffsammelbecken (23) nachgeschaltet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4414520 | 1994-04-26 | ||
DE4414520A DE4414520C1 (de) | 1994-04-26 | 1994-04-26 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Enteisen von Fahrbahnen unter Wiederverwendung rückgewonnener Auftaulösungen |
PCT/EP1995/001534 WO1995029296A1 (de) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-24 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum enteisen von fahrbahnen unter wiederverwendung rückgewonnener auftaulösungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0757736A1 EP0757736A1 (de) | 1997-02-12 |
EP0757736B1 true EP0757736B1 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
Family
ID=6516466
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95918593A Expired - Lifetime EP0757736B1 (de) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-24 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum enteisen von fahrbahnen unter wiederverwendung rückgewonnener auftaulösungen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5853262A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0757736B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE164901T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2188935A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE4414520C1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0757736T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995029296A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1002231C2 (nl) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-07 | P Van Der Kooij Transport N V | Werkwijze voor het bestrijden van koudeoverlast. |
US7717173B2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2010-05-18 | Ecycling, LLC | Methods of improving oil or gas production with recycled, increased sodium water |
US7866916B2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2011-01-11 | Ecycling, LLC | Methods for deicing roads |
US8192633B2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2012-06-05 | Grott Gerald J | Methods of energy storage and transfer |
US7758281B2 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2010-07-20 | General Sports Venue Llc | Synthetic sports turf having improved playability and wearability |
KR100608483B1 (ko) | 2006-04-04 | 2006-08-02 | (주)도심엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 | 건축물 진입램프 결빙방지구조 |
US20100051556A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Grott Gerald J | Methods of purifiying water using waste brines to regenerate ion-exchange resins |
US20100147767A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | Grott Gerald J | Method for purifying waste saline waters without reagent waste |
US20120205459A1 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-16 | Envirotech Services, Inc. | Road spray system and method |
ITTO20110245A1 (it) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-22 | . | Sistema e procedimento per il trattamento anticongelamento di manti stradali drenanti |
SE1350548A1 (sv) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-11-07 | Nordic Ground Support Equipment Ip Ab | Tågavisningssystem |
JP6552541B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-12 | 2019-07-31 | 日中東北物産有限会社 | 凍結防止液の散布循環システム |
JP6619771B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-12-11 | 北海道ポラコン株式会社 | 凍結防止液循環装置 |
JP7234231B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2023-03-07 | イーグル エアロスペース,リミテッド | 空港除氷化学薬品を散布、回収およびリサイクルする方法およびシステム |
CN108457336A (zh) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-28 | 天津美加恒升科技发展有限公司 | 一种智能雨水回收*** |
AT524209B1 (de) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-04-15 | C Kidery Gerhard | System zur versickerung von niederschlagswasser |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE804040A (fr) * | 1972-08-28 | 1973-12-17 | Dustbane Enterprises Ltd | Appareil pour le degivrage d'avions |
US4392959A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1983-07-12 | Coillet Dudley W | Process for sterilization and removal of inorganic salts from a water stream |
EP0213251B1 (de) * | 1984-03-09 | 1988-09-21 | De-Icing System KB | Flugzeugenteisungs-System |
US5104068A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-04-14 | Krilla Ronald A | Apparatus and method for de-icing and anti-icing (and/or cleaning and rinsing) aircraft |
DE4121608A1 (de) * | 1991-06-29 | 1993-01-07 | Cts Consulting Gmbh | Verfahren und einrichtung zum enteisen von fahrbahnen |
US5350533A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-09-27 | General Atomics International Services Corporation | Pavement deicer compositions |
US5462655A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-10-31 | Ladd; Michael | Vehicle containment mat with vacuum recovery and recycle means |
US5515623A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-05-14 | Root Spring Scraper Co. | Snowplow with deicer spray attachment |
-
1994
- 1994-04-26 DE DE4414520A patent/DE4414520C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-24 CA CA002188935A patent/CA2188935A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-24 EP EP95918593A patent/EP0757736B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-24 DK DK95918593T patent/DK0757736T3/da active
- 1995-04-24 US US08/727,576 patent/US5853262A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-24 WO PCT/EP1995/001534 patent/WO1995029296A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-24 AT AT95918593T patent/ATE164901T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4414520C1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
US5853262A (en) | 1998-12-29 |
EP0757736A1 (de) | 1997-02-12 |
DK0757736T3 (da) | 1999-01-11 |
CA2188935A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
ATE164901T1 (de) | 1998-04-15 |
WO1995029296A1 (de) | 1995-11-02 |
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