EP0754259B1 - Refiner filling - Google Patents
Refiner filling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0754259B1 EP0754259B1 EP95916728A EP95916728A EP0754259B1 EP 0754259 B1 EP0754259 B1 EP 0754259B1 EP 95916728 A EP95916728 A EP 95916728A EP 95916728 A EP95916728 A EP 95916728A EP 0754259 B1 EP0754259 B1 EP 0754259B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- refining
- filling according
- refiner
- pulp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/20—Methods of refining
- D21D1/30—Disc mills
- D21D1/306—Discs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a filling for a dough refiner such as a refiner. pulp, a refiner comprising at least one such filling, a process for preparation of this filling and a refining process in which we use minus such a garnish.
- Pulp refiners have a rotor and a stator between which the raw material is defibrated and fibrillated.
- disc refiners There are two main categories of refiners: disc refiners and conical refiners.
- Disc refiners typically include one or more rotors and a or several stators each consisting of a support disc on which is mounted a another disc called a refining disc, the role of which is both to protect the disk supporting erosion by the raw material to be refined and participating in refining of the latter.
- the raw material can be introduced through the center of at least one of the refining discs, in the space between the two refining discs and flow towards their periphery. It can also be introduced at the level of the periphery of the discs and come out through the center of the discs.
- the dough undergoes a treatment which modifies significantly the physical properties of the fibers in the pulp and then allows the paper made from treated pulp to possess the characteristics necessary for use for which it is intended.
- the refining discs include generally a fixing face 1 on the refiner and a working face 2 comprising an alternation of grooves 3 and projections called blades 4.
- the surface active 5 of these blades 4 gradually wears out during refining, so that periodically shut down the refiner and replace the refining discs.
- FIG. 1 Currently used as refining discs, discs which have a complete annular shape and which are cast in one piece, as a torus-shaped element (FIG. 1), ie disks, illustrated in FIG. 3, composed of several segments 6 and which together form a ring.
- Conical refiners generally include a rotor 7 represented on Figures 4, and 5 of conical or frustoconical shape, and a stator 8, shown in the Figures 6 and 7, also conical or frustoconical.
- Cones or trunks of refining cone 9 and 10 are mounted, respectively, on the outer surface 11 of the rotor 7 and on the inner surface 12 of the stator 8.
- These cones or truncated cones of 9,10 refining can be composed, respectively, of 13,14 segments. They have alternating grooves and blades (not shown) and they play the same role as the refining discs mentioned above.
- the raw material is introduced between the stator and the refiner's rotor, at the top of the cone or trunk cone constituting the rotor and comes out at the base of this same cone or trunk of cone.
- the refining discs or cones must be resistant to wear, they generally consist of a metal or a metal alloy having a high hardness.
- German patent application No. DE-A-1 621 703 proposes a seal metal for refiner at least the active surface of which is covered by a coating in wear-resistant material.
- Patent application EP-A-0634522 belongs to the state of the art referred to Article 53 (4) EPC which is not taken into account for the assessment of the activity inventive.
- Patent application EP-A-0634522 relates to a defibration plate or paper pulp refining, comprising a grinding surface having ribs separated by grooves.
- the body of the plate is made of a first material such as stainless steel or cast iron, ensuring the general mechanical strength of the plate in use.
- the upper part of the ribs is made of a layer of abrasion-resistant material comprising grains of hard abrasion-resistant material bonded in an alloy metallic whose melting and weldability characteristics are suitable for laser reloading on the first material forming the plate body.
- the ribs are successively recharged by scanning a laser beam and a spray nozzle, in one or more passes.
- This trim has a face of attachment to the refiner, a working face, at least one core of a material rigid, covered by a coating of a wear-resistant material, such so that at least the active surface of the lining is made up of all or part of the exterior surface of said coating and is distinguished from the linings of the state of the technique in that said coating is porous and consists of a superposition of layers thin or strips.
- Such a lining has a higher wear resistance than the linings known so far.
- it may include a core made of a rigid material little expensive, such as a recovery material.
- the refined dough obtained has, for the same specific power consumed, a length average fiber and whiteness superior to that of pasta obtained in a refiner provided with fittings according to the state of the art.
- Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent a refining disc according to the state of the art, respectively in front view and in side view in section according to axis A-A.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents a second refining disc according to the state of the art.
- Figures 4 and 5 schematically represent a conical refiner rotor equipped with refining cones according to the state of the art, respectively with a view to face in cross section along axis B-B and in right view.
- Figures 6 and 7 schematically represent a conical refiner stator exhausted from refining cones according to the state of the art, respectively with a view to face in cross section along axis C-C, and in left view.
- Figures 8 and 9 show a packing according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view.
- Figure 10 shows schematically in section, the packing of Figures 8 and 9 in bottom view in section according to D-D.
- Figures 11 and 12 schematically represent a first variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the E-E axis.
- Figure 13 shows schematically in section, a second variant of the lining according to the invention.
- Figure 14 shows schematically in section, a third variant of the lining according to the invention.
- Figures 15 and 16 schematically represent a fourth variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the axis F-F.
- Figure 17 shows schematically in section, a fifth variant of the lining according to the invention.
- Figure 18 shows schematically in section, a sixth variant of the packing according to the invention.
- Figures 19 and 20 schematically represent a seventh variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the axis G-G.
- Figure 21 shows schematically in section, an eighth variant of the lining according to the invention.
- Figure 22 shows schematically in perspective a lining according to the invention intended to be mounted on a conical refiner rotor block.
- Figure 23 shows schematically in perspective a lining according to the invention intended to be mounted on a stator block of a conical refiner.
- FIG. 24 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a raw material before refining.
- FIG. 25 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a pulp obtained after refining with discs according to the state of the art.
- FIG. 26 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a pulp obtained after refining with fillings according to the invention.
- Figure 27 shows another weighted fiber length curve a paste obtained after refining with fillings according to the invention.
- the fixing face and the working face of a gasket according to the invention are, respectively, the side intended to be fixed against the disc or support cone of the refiner, and the face intervening directly during the refining of the dough.
- active surface is meant in the description of the invention, only the surface of the filling furthest from the fixing face and against which the dough will be refined (fibrillated).
- the active surface can occupy the entire working face of the packing: this is the case, in particular, when the working face is flat.
- the surface active can also represent only part of the working face, for example, when the latter has places, such as grooves, where the dough is not fibrillated.
- the active surface of a lining according to the invention is always constituted by all or part of the exterior surface of the coating.
- exterior surface of the coating is meant the surface which is opposite to the surface of the coating in contact with the core.
- the outer surface coating therefore always includes at least the active surface of the lining.
- the active surface is always constituted by the material resistant to wear and tear of the coating.
- the extent of the exterior surface of the coating may not be limited to the active surface of the lining.
- the coating is not present only on the working face which it therefore occupies at least in part.
- This coating is preferably continuous and of uniform thickness at the level of the entire active surface. His thickness is generally between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 0.8 mm.
- the rigid material from which the core of the lining is made is a material having mechanical properties, in particular of compressive strength, allowing it not to break, when the rotor and the stator are close to each other, and do not tear off and be carried away by the flow of raw material during refining. It can be a metal, a metal alloy, cast iron, a plastic material having good mechanical properties, including shear strength sufficient, such as so-called "high performance" plastics, which may be mentioned polyamides 4-6, polyamide imides, or technical polymers such as polyamide 6-6.
- the rigid material can also be a composite material such as epoxy / carbon fiber, epoxy / glass fiber, or vinyl ester / fiber carbon. It goes without saying that the choice of rigid material also depends on its resistance to the process chosen to apply the coating.
- the rigid material can be an inexpensive recovery material such as a metal or metal alloy recovery or a plastic material made from recycled polymers having the mechanical characteristics mentioned above.
- the linings according to the invention may comprise a core made up of a material which is not very resistant to wear, because the core does not have an active surface and has not intended to resist wear.
- the wear-resistant material constituting the coating is preferably a different material from that of which the core is made. It must be able to adhere to the latter in a sufficiently firm manner so as not to be torn off and carried away by the flow of raw material during refining.
- It can be a pure metal such as molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), tantalum (Ta) or titanium (Ti), a metal alloy such as nickel-chromium (NiCr), nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium (NiCrAlY), nickel-chromium-iron-boron-silicon (NiCrFeBSi), nickel-aluminum (NiAl) or copper-aluminum (CuAl), a pseudo-alloy such as aluminum-molybdenum (Al-Mo) or copper-tungsten (Cu-W), a cermet such as WC-Co, Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr, WC-Ni or WC-NiCr, a ceramic such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), oxide zi
- the coating is a mixture of these materials, or a superposition of layers made up of different materials chosen among these materials.
- a ceramic is used as coating, in particular alumina.
- Porous coating means a coating with a ratio of total pore volume to total coating volume between 2% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 30%.
- the porosity increases from the surface of the coating in contact with the core up to the active surface.
- Such a porosity gradient allows both good adhesion of the coating to the core and better refining paste.
- the porosity can thus be zero in contact with the core and close to 50% at level of the active surface.
- the porosity is advantageously of the open type. Indeed, this seems cause a capillary effect with respect to the water contained in the dough being refining and beneficially modifying the circulation of the dough and its refining.
- the coating may include a second material disposed between the material wear-resistant and core, so as to cover it and protect it from corrosion by the raw material to be refined which could pass through the coating, if this coating is porous.
- the core is made of a metal or an oxidizable alloy.
- Said second material is preferably in the form of a layer thin, between about 20 and about 200 microns thick (micrometers ⁇ m) and preferably between about 50 and about 100 microns, ranging from preferably at least on the entire working face.
- the choice of this second material depends on the physico-chemical conditions under which the packing will be brought to to work.
- Said second material can be, for example, an oxide of nickel and chromium. It turned out that the alloy composed of nickel, chromium, aluminum and yttrium (NiCrAlY), provided excellent protection against the phenomena of corrosion.
- the packing according to the invention When the packing according to the invention is intended to be used in a disc refiner, it can have the shape of a ring or a washer like the refining rings or washers of the state of the art represented by FIG. 1, or the shape of a disc segment like segments 6 in Figure 3.
- the packing according to the invention When the packing according to the invention is intended to be mounted on a conical refiner, it can have a cone or truncated cone shape or a shape of segment of cone or truncated cone, like those illustrated by the figures 22 and 23.
- the lining according to the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, comprises a core 15 of a rigid material comprising a fixing face 16 on the refiner and a working face 17 at least essentially flat.
- the active surface 18 of the seal extends over the entire working face 17.
- a coating 19 made of a wear-resistant material covers said core 15, so that at least the entire active surface 18 of the lining is made of wear-resistant material. So the fibrillation action of the dough is only performed on the wear-resistant material and not on the core 15.
- the coating 20 consists of at least at least two thin layers or lamellae 21 arranged one on top of the other, preferably, at least essentially parallel. These strips 21 allow more uniform wear of the coating 20 and thus contribute to the constancy of the refining conditions. Preferably, the number of lamellae 21 is the highest possible that the technique used to achieve the coating allows to achieve. Of tests have shown that when the coating consists of only one layer, it could be easily torn off when the rotor was brought closer to stator. The slats give the coating a special wear capacity which allows the toppings to adapt to the refiner. In the case of a disc refiner, for example, the discs are never in practice perfectly parallel.
- the working face 22 of the lining is provided with one or more alternating grooves 23 with one or more blades 24.
- Said grooves 23 are intended to facilitate the flow of the dough. They can be of any section. They can in particular have a section rectangular like those found on the refining discs of the trade. They are present in the coating 25 which extends over the entire face of work 22. The active surface of the lining is then the sum of the surfaces of all vertices 26 of the blades 24. The area of the active surface is therefore less than the area of the working face 22.
- the geometry of the blades 24 and grooves 23 can be chosen by depending on the type of specific treatment you want to subject the material to refine. The geometry / material pair of said coating 25 can be optimized for each specific treatment of the material to be refined.
- the grooves 27 are present in the core 28 and the coating 29 covers only the vertices 30 of the blades 31.
- the rigid material constituting the core 28 is a material having a fairly good resistance to wear, such as "Ni-hard” type cast iron or chrome steels. The latter also the advantage of having good resistance to corrosion.
- the grooves 32 are present in the core 33 and the coating 34 occupies the entire face of work 35.
- the covering 34 preferably matches all the shapes of the core 33. It is therefore placed both on the vertices 36 of the blades 37 and on their bottoms 38. Its thickness is preferably uniform on all the vertices 36.
- the coating 34 can also be composed of several parts made up each of a different material.
- said first material is then chosen from among the materials with high wear resistance and / or good properties tribological materials such as alumina and said second material is chosen from materials with high abrasiveness such as tungsten carbide and / or resistance high corrosion.
- one or more obstacles 39 are arranged in one or more grooves 40, so to achieve one or more throttles and to disturb the circulation of the dough by creating micro-vortexes inside the grooves 40, which has the effect of forcing the material to be refined to pass between the active surfaces of the rotor and the stator. The refining quality is then improved.
- Said obstacles 39 can be arranged randomly or in groups of two and located opposite one another, respectively on the walls 41 and 42 of the grooves 40.
- the obstacles located on the wall 41 can also be offset with respect to to those located on the wall 42.
- Obstacles are preferably made of the same material as the coating 43 with which they are integral.
- the obstacles 39 are preferably made of said second material.
- the obstacles 45 are arranged in the bottoms or on the walls of the grooves 46. As the covering 47 covers only the vertices 48 of the blades 49, the obstacles 45 are therefore in contact and adhere to the core 50. They can also be part of the core 50 and therefore be made of the same material as this core 50.
- the core 51 is provided with grooves 52.
- the covering 53 covers the entire working face 54.
- the obstacles 55 are therefore fixed against the covering 53 or form part of the latter which preferably follows all the shapes of the core 51 and preferably has a uniform thickness over the entire working face 54.
- Figures 19 and 20 show a seventh advantageous variant of the packing according to the invention, in which the grooves 56 have a quasi-circular section.
- Such fittings thus have a high active surface (constituted by the sum of the surfaces of the vertices 57 covered by the coating 58), while having grooves 56 which may contain a large volume of dough during the refining.
- FIG. 21 represents an eighth advantageous variant of the lining according to the invention, in which the coating 59 covers the entire working face and the grooves 60 have a dovetail shape, which is another way to achieve a high active surface while having grooves 60 in volume important.
- the lining according to the invention has grooves, it can be envisaged for these grooves a variable depth.
- the latter can, for example, be weak at one end (for example, the periphery for a trim annular), and increase, preferably regularly, to become important in level of the other end (the center, for an annular packing), or vice versa.
- the choice between increasing the depth towards one end, or increase towards the other of the extremities, will then depend on the characteristics of operation of the refiner, in particular, the direction imposed on the circulation of the dough in the refiner.
- Figures 22 and 23 show fittings according to the invention intended for be implemented respectively on the rotor and on the stator of a refiner conical. During the operation of the latter, the raw material is fibrillated between the coatings 61 and 62 of the linings which are pressed against each other.
- the packing according to the invention and its variants are intended to be fixed, in known manner, on the rotor block or on the stator block of a refiner. That is why they may include one or more holes (not shown), passing through the core and optionally the covering by connecting the working face to the fixing face, and intended for the passage of fixing screws on the rotor block or the stator block of the refiner.
- the linings according to the invention can advantageously be prepared for starting from a core of a rigid material which is covered at least partially with using a wear-resistant coating, in such a way that at least the surface active lining is formed by all or part of the outer surface of said coating.
- the recovery is carried out according to any process allowing to deposit a hard coating on a substrate, such as, for example, the process called "laser-cladding", the process of plasma deposition by thermal spraying, the process of Induction plasma deposition, or the C.V.D. Vapor Deposition).
- the core is preferably provided with grooves which can be practiced by machining in a flat core, or else provided during the molding of the core, especially in the case where it is more economical to manufacture the latter by molding.
- the core can advantageously be a disc or a disc segment of commercial refining, or a cone, truncated cone or segment of a cone or trade refined cone trunk. Then preferably apply the coating of wear-resistant material so that all forms of the disc, disc segment, cone, trunk of cone or segment of cone or trunk of cone of commerce are kept.
- the coating can completely cover the core, i.e. its working face as well as its fixing face or its lateral faces.
- the coating when the coating is present in the grooves (first, third, fourth, sixth and eighth variants), and if this coating is abrasive, the turbulent nature of the flow is increased, which results in better maintenance of the dough film between the rotor and the stator of the refiner, for better refining and better management of the entire refining operation.
- the core with the coating of wear-resistant material by implementing the so-called plasma removal process. Indeed, we obtain thus, when the core has grooves, a continuous coating of uniform thickness and fitting well to all forms of the working face. In addition, like grains forming the starting material have at least partially melted when passing through flame, the coating obtained is in a continuous, uniform form and relatively high density.
- the plasma deposition process proves to be particularly advantageous to make a coating composed of a superposition or stack of layers thin or strips.
- this process makes it possible to deposit the coating in several passes, each time depositing a very small amount of the material resistant to wear, so as to obtain a coating consisting of a superposition of thin layers or coverslips. Such a coating then wears uniformly and has a surface with maximum flatness throughout its wear.
- the thickness of the slats can thus be between 0.003 and 0.100 mm. It is preferably between 0.005 and 0.025 mm.
- Another advantage of implementing the plasma deposition process is that can use a sophisticated and expensive material as a coating because this process allows to deposit thin layers of material, so a small amount of material, which does not lead to a significant increase in the cost price of the garnish.
- the starting material for the implementation of the plasma process presents generally a particle size between about 10 and about 80 microns ( ⁇ m) and preferably between about 30 and about 40 microns ( ⁇ m).
- the obstacles shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 can be arranged by the plasma process.
- the packing according to the invention is fixed in a known manner, for example to the screw means, on the rotor block or the stator block of the refiner.
- the Applicant has noticed that the implementation of the linings according to the invention makes it possible to keep a constant air gap during refining even when the refining power is very high, which has the advantage of leading to a stable refining conditions and maintaining the quality of the refined dough in time.
- the refined dough has a whiteness greater than that obtained with the linings according to the state of the art.
- the lining according to the invention can be fixed on the rotor block or on the block stator of the refiner. Preferably, it covers the entire working face of the rotor block or the stator block. Thus, the entire active surface of the block has a coating of wear-resistant material.
- trims of dimensions equal or different on the rotor block or on the stator block, in particular, if we wishes to cover the entire working face of the rotor or stator and that the dimensions a single trim are insufficient to allow it to occupy on its own all the working face of the rotor block or the stator block.
- both the rotor and the stator of the refiner are provided with one or more several fittings according to the invention. It is even more preferable to cover the entire working face of the rotor block and the entire working face of the stator block of one or several linings according to the invention, so that the entire active surface of the refiner is made of wear-resistant material. We then obtain a flow of the dough to be refined having maximum turbulence and refining optimal.
- the linings according to the invention can be used with a view to defibering and / or refining any material composed of fibers, such as pulp, and in particular, paper pulp whose dry matter concentration is less than 60% and preferably less than 25%. They are particularly revealed effective when the pulp to be refined is an aqueous suspension whose concentration is between 3 and 8%.
- the linings according to the invention make it possible to obtain better results, in regarding the cutting of fibers (less cutting phenomena), than state of the art fittings. It is therefore advantageous to use them in the paper recycling industry. Because they can be used to refine old paper, that is to say improve its quality, they make possible a reduction in the content of long (new) fibers in recycled paper. Of more, they improve the dispersion of "stickies", the impurities of the paper, which produces paper with fewer dark spots. So we get, thanks to the linings according to the invention, a lowering of the cost of recycling.
- fittings according to the invention can be used to produce on disc refiners refining operations that were previously practically possible only on conical refiners, more particularly on wide angle conical refiners.
- refining operations are those necessary for the preparation of special paper such as cigarette papers, tracing papers, etc ..., i.e. papers obtained from degree pulp High Shopper-Riegler (over 60 degrees).
- the linings according to the invention can also be used for the defibration of any cellulosic material, such as wood waste, so-called "annual" plants (bagasse, sorghum, alfa, ).
- the refining of a paper pulp was carried out under the same conditions, with 4 metal discs according to the prior art and with 4 fillings according to the invention.
- the discs according to the state of the art were 40.64 cm (16 inch) diameter crowns marketed by the company Black-Clawson, made of "Ni-hard” cast iron having 10 sectors, tops of blades of a width of about 5.5 mm, and grooves parallel to each other within each sector, inclined by about 20 ° with respect to the radius, of rectangular cross section, about 5.0 mm in width and d '' about 6.0 mm deep.
- the linings according to the invention were linings prepared by the plasma spraying deposition process, covering with a uniform or approximately uniform thickness of approximately 500 ⁇ (microns) of alumina / titanium oxide 97/3 (Al 2 O 3 97% -TiO 2 3%) the entire working face of crowns identical to those described above.
- the coating consisted of a superposition of 25 thin layers 20 ⁇ m thick each.
- the porosity was of the open type and equal to 20% (measured according to the alcohol penetration test).
- the refiner used was the Twin Midjet refiner marketed by the company Black-Clawson, comprising 4 support discs and working in duo-flow, that is to say that the 4 support discs are arranged parallel to each other and a part (theoretically half) of the raw material is refined between 2 refining discs of a first game and the other part between 2 refining discs of a second game.
- the introduction of the raw material was done in the center of the refining discs.
- the refiner was equipped with a 140 kW engine.
- the nominal circulation rate of the pulp was 30 to 40 m 3 / h, the maximum flow being 60 m 3 / h.
- the raw material had a concentration of 3% and consisted of Scandinavian softwood chemical pulp.
- Figure 24 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers and of the elements making up the raw material.
- the average fiber length measured by an optical sensor was 2.49 mm.
- the mass percentage of fibers as a function of their length is indicated above the curve.
- LR 0 is the breaking length calculated from the breaking force with adjoining jaws while LR is the breaking length according to AFNOR Q03004 standard.
- the column '° SR' indicates the Schopper-Riegler degree of the refined dough. Refining time (min) Weight (g / m 2 ) NFQ03 -019 Thickness ( ⁇ m) NFQ03 -016 ° SR NFQ50 -003 AND INV. AND INV. AND INV.
- Figure 25 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 20 minutes with the discs according to the state of the art, and with a useful power of 40 kW.
- the average length of fibers was 1.55 mm.
- Figure 26 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 20 minutes with the fillings according to the invention, also with a power of 40 kW.
- the average length of fibers was 2.66 mm.
- Figure 27 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 25 minutes with the fillings according to the invention, with a power of 60 kW.
- the average fiber length was 2.18 mm.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une garniture pour raffineur de pâte tels qu'un raffineur de pâte à papier, un raffineur comprenant au moins une telle garniture, un procédé de préparation de cette garniture et un procédé de raffinage dans lequel on utilise au moins une telle garniture.The invention relates to a filling for a dough refiner such as a refiner. pulp, a refiner comprising at least one such filling, a process for preparation of this filling and a refining process in which we use minus such a garnish.
Il est connu d'effectuer le raffinage des pâtes telles que les pâtes à papier par passage dans un raffineur. Les raffineurs de pâte à papier sont munis d'un rotor et d'un stator entre lesquels la matière brute est défibrée et fibrillée. Il existe deux catégories principales de raffineurs: les raffineurs à disques et les raffineurs coniques.It is known to refine pulps such as paper pulps by passage in a refiner. Pulp refiners have a rotor and a stator between which the raw material is defibrated and fibrillated. There are two main categories of refiners: disc refiners and conical refiners.
Les raffineurs à disques comprennent généralement un ou plusieurs rotors et un ou plusieurs stators constitués chacun d'un disque support sur lequel est monté un autre disque appelé disque de raffinage, dont le rôle est, à la fois, de protéger le disque support de l'érosion par la matière brute à raffiner et de participer au raffinage de cette dernière.Disc refiners typically include one or more rotors and a or several stators each consisting of a support disc on which is mounted a another disc called a refining disc, the role of which is both to protect the disk supporting erosion by the raw material to be refined and participating in refining of the latter.
Lors du raffinage, la matière brute peut être introduite par le centre d'au moins un des disques de raffinage, dans l'espace situé entre les deux disques de raffinage et s'écouler vers leur périphérie. Elle peut également être introduite au niveau de la périphérie des disques et ressortir par le centre des disques. Au cours de l'une ou l'autre de ces circulations, la pâte subit un traitement qui modifie de façon importante les propriétés physiques des fibres contenues dans la pâte et permet ensuite au papier fabriqué à partir de la pâte traitée de posséder les caractéristiques nécessaires à l'usage auquel il est destiné.During refining, the raw material can be introduced through the center of at least one of the refining discs, in the space between the two refining discs and flow towards their periphery. It can also be introduced at the level of the periphery of the discs and come out through the center of the discs. During one or the other of these circulations, the dough undergoes a treatment which modifies significantly the physical properties of the fibers in the pulp and then allows the paper made from treated pulp to possess the characteristics necessary for use for which it is intended.
Les disques de raffinage, comme illustré par les figures 1 et 2, comportent
généralement une face de fixation 1 sur le raffineur et une face de travail 2
comprenant une alternance de rainures 3 et de saillies appelées lames 4. La surface
active 5 de ces lames 4 s'use progressivement lors du raffinage, de sorte qu'il faut
périodiquement arrêter le raffineur et remplacer les disques de raffinage.The refining discs, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, include
generally a
On utilise actuellement comme disques de raffinage, soit des disques qui
présentent une forme annulaire complète et qui sont coulés en une seule pièce, comme
un élément en forme de tore (figure 1), soit des disques, illustrés par la figure 3,
composés de plusieurs segments 6 et qui forment ensemble un anneau. Currently used as refining discs, discs which
have a complete annular shape and which are cast in one piece, as
a torus-shaped element (FIG. 1), ie disks, illustrated in FIG. 3,
composed of
Les raffineurs coniques comprennent généralement un rotor 7 représenté sur
les figures 4, et 5 de forme cônique ou tronconique, et un stator 8, représenté sur les
figures 6 et 7, également de forme conique ou tronconique. Des cônes ou troncs de
cône de raffinage 9 et 10 sont montés, respectivement, sur la surface extérieure 11
du rotor 7 et sur la surface intérieure 12 du stator 8. Ces cônes ou troncs de cône de
raffinage 9,10 peuvent être composés, respectivement, de segments 13,14. Ils
comportent une alternance de rainures et de lames (non représentées) et ils jouent le
même rôle que les disques de raffinage évoqués plus haut.Conical refiners generally include a
Lors du raffinage dans un raffineur conique, la matière brute est introduite entre le stator et le rotor du raffineur, au niveau du sommet du cône ou tronc de cône constituant le rotor et ressort au niveau de la base de ce même cône ou tronc de cône.During refining in a conical refiner, the raw material is introduced between the stator and the refiner's rotor, at the top of the cone or trunk cone constituting the rotor and comes out at the base of this same cone or trunk of cone.
Etant donné que les disques ou cônes de raffinage doivent résister à l'usure, ils sont généralement constitués d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique présentant une dureté élevée.Since the refining discs or cones must be resistant to wear, they generally consist of a metal or a metal alloy having a high hardness.
Afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du raffinage de la pâte à papier réalisé à l'aide de tels disques ou cônes métalliques, les recherches effectuées actuellement portent sur la modification de la géométrie de leur face de travail et sur la nature du métal ou de l'alliage métalique.In order to improve the efficiency of the refining of paper pulp using such discs or metal cones, research currently carried out on the modification of the geometry of their working face and on the nature of the metal or metallic alloy.
Ainsi, la demande internationale n° WO 90/04673 propose un procédé de fabrication de pâte de fibres dans lequel un matériau de départ contenant de la lignocellulose est défibré et fibrillisé entre les lames de deux disques de broyage se faisant face, et selon lequel, pour améliorer le raffinage, on a incliné les lames d'un angle de 5 à 30 degrés par rapport au rayon des disques sur lesquelles ces lames sont situées.Thus, international application No. WO 90/04673 proposes a method of fiber pulp manufacturing in which a starting material containing lignocellulose is defibrated and fibrillized between the blades of two grinding discs facing, and according to which, to improve refining, the blades have been tilted angle of 5 to 30 degrees from the radius of the discs on which these blades are located.
Toutefois ce procédé ne permet pas encore d'améliorer suffisamment la qualité de la pâte obtenue.However, this process does not yet sufficiently improve the quality of the dough obtained.
La demande de brevet allemand n° DE-A-1 621 703 propose une garniture métallique pour raffineur dont au moins la surface active est recouverte par un revêtement en un matériau résistant à l'usure.German patent application No. DE-A-1 621 703 proposes a seal metal for refiner at least the active surface of which is covered by a coating in wear-resistant material.
Lors de ses recherches, la demanderesse a constaté que la qualité du raffinage était limitée par la nature du matériau constituant les disques, c'est-à-dire par le métal ou l'alliage métallique, et que pour améliorer le raffinage de la pâte, il serait intéressant de pouvoir s'affranchir du recours à des surfaces actives métalliques.During its research, the plaintiff found that the quality of the refining was limited by the nature of the material of the discs, that is to say by the metal or metal alloy, and that to improve the refining of the dough, it would interesting to be able to get rid of the use of metallic active surfaces.
En effet, lors du raffinage à l'aide de disques métalliques il se produit entre
le disque du rotor et le disque du stator, des chocs au cours desquels des particules
de métal sont arrachées aux lames du disque. Il s'ensuit que la surface active 5 des
lames 4 devient très irréguliere et réduit la fibrillation des fibres de papier, ce qui
diminue la qualité du raffinage. Indeed, during refining using metal discs, it occurs between
the rotor disc and the stator disc, shocks during which particles
of metal are torn from the disc blades. It follows that the
De plus, du fait que les disques métalliques s'usent rapidement, la qualité de la pâte raffinée n'est pas constante dans le temps et les arrêts du raffineur, nécessaires pour remplacer les disques usés par des disques métalliques neufs, sont fréquents. Les disques usés ne pouvant pas être régénérés, ils doivent donc être jetés.In addition, because the metal discs wear out quickly, the quality of the refined dough is not constant over time and the refiner's stops, necessary to replace worn discs with new metal discs, are frequent. Worn discs cannot be regenerated, so they must be thrown away.
Il n'existe donc pas dans l'état de la technique, de possibilité de raffinage qui permette d'obtenir une qualité élevée et constante de la pâte raffinée, et qui diminue la fréquence des arrêts du raffineur nécessaires au changement des disques de raffinage. Il n'existe pas non plus de disque de raffinage présentant une résistance élevée à l'usure, un caractère régénérable avec un coût de régénération acceptable.There is therefore no prior art refining possibility which provides a high and constant quality of refined dough, which decreases the frequency of refiner stops required to change the discs refining. There is also no refining disc with resistance high in wear, a regenerable character with an acceptable regeneration cost.
La demande de brevet EP-A-0634522 appartient à l'état de la technique visé à l'article 53(4) CBE qui n'est pas pris en considération pour l'appréciation de l'activité inventive.Patent application EP-A-0634522 belongs to the state of the art referred to Article 53 (4) EPC which is not taken into account for the assessment of the activity inventive.
La demande de brevet EP-A-0634522 a pour objet une plaque de défibrage ou de raffinage de pâte à papier, comportant une surface de broyage présentant des nervures séparées par des rainures.Patent application EP-A-0634522 relates to a defibration plate or paper pulp refining, comprising a grinding surface having ribs separated by grooves.
Le corps de la plaque est constitué d'un premier matériau tel que l'acier inoxydable ou la fonte, assurant la tenue mécanique générale de la plaque en utilisation. La partie supérieure des nervures est constituée d'une couche d'un matériau anti-abrasion comprenant des grains de matière dure anti-abrasion liés dans un alliage métallique dont les caractéristiques de fusion et de soudabilité sont appropriées pour un rechargement au laser sur le premier matériau formant le corps de plaque. Les nervures sont rechargées successivement par balayage d'un faisceau laser et d'une buse de pulvérisation, en une ou plusieurs passes.The body of the plate is made of a first material such as stainless steel or cast iron, ensuring the general mechanical strength of the plate in use. The upper part of the ribs is made of a layer of abrasion-resistant material comprising grains of hard abrasion-resistant material bonded in an alloy metallic whose melting and weldability characteristics are suitable for laser reloading on the first material forming the plate body. The ribs are successively recharged by scanning a laser beam and a spray nozzle, in one or more passes.
La demanderesse, en effectuant ses recherches dans une nouvelle direction, est parvenue à mettre au point une garniture palliant les inconvénients liés aux disques métalliques de l'état de la technique. Cette garniture comporte une face de fixation sur le raffineur, une face de travail, au moins une âme en un matériau rigide, recouverte par un revêtement en un matériau résistant à l'usure, de telle façon qu'au moins la surface active de la garniture soit constituée par tout ou partie de la surface extérieure dudit revêtement et se distingue des garnitures de l'état de la technique en ce que ledit revêtement est poreux et est constitué d'une superposition de couches minces ou lamelles.The plaintiff, in carrying out its research in a new direction, has succeeded in developing a packing which overcomes the drawbacks associated with state of the art metal discs. This trim has a face of attachment to the refiner, a working face, at least one core of a material rigid, covered by a coating of a wear-resistant material, such so that at least the active surface of the lining is made up of all or part of the exterior surface of said coating and is distinguished from the linings of the state of the technique in that said coating is porous and consists of a superposition of layers thin or strips.
Une telle garniture présente une résistance à l'usure supérieure aux garnitures connues jusqu'à présent.Such a lining has a higher wear resistance than the linings known so far.
De plus, elle peut comprendre une âme constituée d'un matériau rigide peu coûteux, tel qu'un matériau de récupération.In addition, it may include a core made of a rigid material little expensive, such as a recovery material.
En outre, elle peut, une fois le revêtement usé, être à nouveau régénérée par application d'un nouveau revêtement.In addition, it can, once the coating is worn, be regenerated again by application of a new coating.
Par ailleurs, lors de sa mise en oeuvre dans un raffineur, la pâte raffinée obtenue présente, pour une même puissance spécifique consommée, une longueur moyenne de fibres et une blancheur supérieures à celle des pâtes obtenues dans un raffineur pourvu de garnitures selon l'état de la technique. On observe également une réduction du bruit lors du raffinage et une plus grande stabilité de l'entrefer (distance entre le rotor et le stator) du raffineur, ce qui se traduit par une plus grande régularité dans les propriétés de la pâte raffinée.Furthermore, when it is used in a refiner, the refined dough obtained has, for the same specific power consumed, a length average fiber and whiteness superior to that of pasta obtained in a refiner provided with fittings according to the state of the art. We also observe reduced noise during refining and greater air gap stability (distance between rotor and stator) of the refiner, which results in greater regularity in the properties of the refined dough.
D'autres avantages procurés par la garniture selon l'invention et sa mise en oeuvre apparaítront à la lecture de l'exposé détaillé qui suit, ainsi qu'à l'examen des figures 8 à 27, données simplement à titre illustratif. Other advantages provided by the filling according to the invention and its implementation work will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, as well as on examining the Figures 8 to 27, given simply by way of illustration.
Les figures 1 et 2 représentent schématiquement un disque de raffinage selon l'état de la technique, respectivement en vue de face et en vue de côté en section selon l'axe A-A.Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent a refining disc according to the state of the art, respectively in front view and in side view in section according to axis A-A.
La figure 3 représente schématiquement un second disque de raffinage selon l'état de la technique.FIG. 3 schematically represents a second refining disc according to the state of the art.
Les figures 4 et 5 représentent schématiquement un rotor de raffineur conique équipé de cones de raffinage selon l'état de la technique, respectivement en vue de face en section transversale selon l'axe B-B et en vue de droite.Figures 4 and 5 schematically represent a conical refiner rotor equipped with refining cones according to the state of the art, respectively with a view to face in cross section along axis B-B and in right view.
Les figures 6 et 7 représentent schématiquement un stator de raffineur conique épuipé de cones de raffinage selon l'état de la technique, respectivement en vue de face en section transversale selon l'axe C-C, et en vue de gauche.Figures 6 and 7 schematically represent a conical refiner stator exhausted from refining cones according to the state of the art, respectively with a view to face in cross section along axis C-C, and in left view.
Les figures 8 et 9 représentent une garniture selon l'invention, respectivement en vue de face et en vue de dessous.Figures 8 and 9 show a packing according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view.
La figure 10 représente schématiquement en section, la garniture des figures 8 et 9 en vue de dessous en section selon D-D.Figure 10 shows schematically in section, the packing of Figures 8 and 9 in bottom view in section according to D-D.
Les figures 11 et 12 représentent schématiquement une première variante de la garniture selon l'invention, respectivement en vue de face et en vue de dessous en section selon l'axe E-E.Figures 11 and 12 schematically represent a first variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the E-E axis.
La figure 13 représente schématiquement en section, une deuxième variante de la garniture selon l'invention.Figure 13 shows schematically in section, a second variant of the lining according to the invention.
La figure 14 représente schématiquement en section, une troisième variante de la garniture selon l'invention.Figure 14 shows schematically in section, a third variant of the lining according to the invention.
Les figures 15 et 16 représentent schématiquement une quatrième variante de la garniture selon l'invention, respectivement en vue de face et en vue de dessous en section selon l'axe F-F.Figures 15 and 16 schematically represent a fourth variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the axis F-F.
La figure 17 représente schématiquement en section, une cinquième variante de la garniture selon l'invention.Figure 17 shows schematically in section, a fifth variant of the lining according to the invention.
La figure 18 représente schématiquement en section, une sixième variante de la garniture selon l'invention.Figure 18 shows schematically in section, a sixth variant of the packing according to the invention.
Les figures 19 et 20 représentent schématiquement une septième variante de la garniture selon l'invention, respectivement en vue de face et en vue de dessous en section selon l'axe G-G.Figures 19 and 20 schematically represent a seventh variant of the lining according to the invention, respectively in front view and in bottom view in section along the axis G-G.
La figure 21 représente schématiquement en section, une huitième variante de la garniture selon l'invention. Figure 21 shows schematically in section, an eighth variant of the lining according to the invention.
La figure 22 représente schématiquement en perpective une garniture selon l'invention destinée à être montée sur un bloc rotor de raffineur conique.Figure 22 shows schematically in perspective a lining according to the invention intended to be mounted on a conical refiner rotor block.
La figure 23 représente schématiquement en perspective une garniture selon l'invention destinée à être montée sur un bloc stator de raffineur conique.Figure 23 shows schematically in perspective a lining according to the invention intended to be mounted on a stator block of a conical refiner.
La figure 24 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres d'une matière brute avant raffinage.FIG. 24 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a raw material before refining.
La figure 25 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres d'une pâte obtenue après raffinage avec les disques selon l'état de la technique.FIG. 25 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a pulp obtained after refining with discs according to the state of the art.
La figure 26 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres d'une pâte obtenue après raffinage avec des garnitures selon l'invention.FIG. 26 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers of a pulp obtained after refining with fillings according to the invention.
La figure 27 représente une autre courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres d'une pâte obtenue après raffinage avec des garnitures selon l'invention.Figure 27 shows another weighted fiber length curve a paste obtained after refining with fillings according to the invention.
Par souci de clarté, les figures 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20 et 21 quoique représentant des sections, n'ont pas été hachurées.For the sake of clarity, Figures 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 21 although representing sections, have not been hatched.
La face de fixation et la face de travail d'une garniture selon l'invention sont, respectivement, la face destinée à être fixée contre le disque ou cône support du raffineur, et la face intervenant directement lors du raffinage de la pâte.The fixing face and the working face of a gasket according to the invention are, respectively, the side intended to be fixed against the disc or support cone of the refiner, and the face intervening directly during the refining of the dough.
Ces faces sont de préférence parallèles lorsque la garniture est destinée à être utilisée sur un raffineur à disques, et concentriques lorsque la garniture est destinée à être mise en oeuvre sur un raffineur conique.These faces are preferably parallel when the lining is intended to be used on a disc refiner, and concentric when the lining is intended for be implemented on a conical refiner.
Par surface active, on entend dans la description de l'invention, uniquement la surface de la garniture la plus éloignée de la face de fixation et contre laquelle la pâte va être raffinée (fibrillée). La surface active peut occuper toute la face de travail de la garniture : c'est le cas, notamment, lorsque la face de travail est plane. La surface active peut aussi ne représenter qu'une partie de la face de travail, par exemple, lorsque cette dernière comporte des endroits, tels que des rainures, où la pâte n'est pas fibrillée.By active surface is meant in the description of the invention, only the surface of the filling furthest from the fixing face and against which the dough will be refined (fibrillated). The active surface can occupy the entire working face of the packing: this is the case, in particular, when the working face is flat. The surface active can also represent only part of the working face, for example, when the latter has places, such as grooves, where the dough is not fibrillated.
La surface active d'une garniture selon l'invention est toujours constituée par tout ou partie de la surface extérieure du revêtement.The active surface of a lining according to the invention is always constituted by all or part of the exterior surface of the coating.
Par surface extérieure du revêtement, on entend la surface qui est opposée à la surface du revêtement en contact avec l'âme. Selon l'invention, la surface extérieure du revêtement englobe donc toujours au moins la surface active de la garniture. En d'autres termes, la surface active est toujours constituée par le matériau résistant à l'usure dont est fait le revêtement. Par contre, l'étendue de la surface extérieure du revêtement peut ne pas être limitée à la surface active de la garniture.By exterior surface of the coating is meant the surface which is opposite to the surface of the coating in contact with the core. According to the invention, the outer surface coating therefore always includes at least the active surface of the lining. In in other words, the active surface is always constituted by the material resistant to wear and tear of the coating. However, the extent of the exterior surface of the coating may not be limited to the active surface of the lining.
En règle générale, mais ce n'est pas une obligation, le revêtement n'est présent que sur la face de travail qu'il occupe donc au moins en partie. Ce revêtement est de préférence continu et d'épaisseur uniforme au niveau de toute la surface active. Son épaisseur est généralement comprise entre 0,1 et 2 mm, de préférence entre 0,5 et 0,8 mm.As a rule, but this is not an obligation, the coating is not present only on the working face which it therefore occupies at least in part. This coating is preferably continuous and of uniform thickness at the level of the entire active surface. His thickness is generally between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 0.8 mm.
Le matériau rigide dont est faite l'âme de la garniture est un matériau ayant des propriétés mécaniques, notamment de résistance à la compression, lui permettant de ne pas se briser, lorsque le rotor et le stator sont rapprochés l'un de l'autre, et de ne pas s'arracher et être emporté par le flux de la matière brute en cours de raffinage. Ce peut être un métal, un alliage métallique, de la fonte, un matériau plastique ayant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques, notamment une résistance au cisaillement suffisante, tel que les plastiques dits "haute performance" parmi lesquels on peut citer les polyamides 4-6, les polyamides imides, ou les polymères techniques comme le polyamide 6-6. Le matériau rigide peut également être un matériau composite tel que les époxy/fibres de carbone, les époxy/fibres de verre, ou les vinyl-ester/fibres de carbone. Il va de soi que le choix de matériau rigide est également fonction de sa résistance vis-à-vis du procédé choisi pour appliquer le revêtement.The rigid material from which the core of the lining is made is a material having mechanical properties, in particular of compressive strength, allowing it not to break, when the rotor and the stator are close to each other, and do not tear off and be carried away by the flow of raw material during refining. It can be a metal, a metal alloy, cast iron, a plastic material having good mechanical properties, including shear strength sufficient, such as so-called "high performance" plastics, which may be mentioned polyamides 4-6, polyamide imides, or technical polymers such as polyamide 6-6. The rigid material can also be a composite material such as epoxy / carbon fiber, epoxy / glass fiber, or vinyl ester / fiber carbon. It goes without saying that the choice of rigid material also depends on its resistance to the process chosen to apply the coating.
Un avantage de la garniture selon l'invention est que le matériau rigide peut être un matériau de récupération peu coûteux tel qu'un métal ou alliage métallique de récupération ou une matière plastique élaborée à partir de polymères recyclés présentant les caractéristiques mécaniques évoquées précédemment. En effet, contrairement aux garnitures de l'état de la technique qui doivent obligatoirement être fabriquées avec des métaux présentant une grande résistance à l'usure tels que l'acier ou la fonte, les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent comprendre une âme constituée d'un matériau peu résistant à l'usure, car l'âme ne possède pas de surface active et n'a pas pour but de résister à l'usure.An advantage of the lining according to the invention is that the rigid material can be an inexpensive recovery material such as a metal or metal alloy recovery or a plastic material made from recycled polymers having the mechanical characteristics mentioned above. Indeed, unlike the fittings of the state of the art which must be made of metals with high resistance to wear such as steel or cast iron, the linings according to the invention may comprise a core made up of a material which is not very resistant to wear, because the core does not have an active surface and has not intended to resist wear.
De plus, il est possible de choisir comme matériau rigide, un matériau présentant une résilience (résistance aux chocs) élevée et comme revêtement, un matériau peu résilient mais ayant une dureté élevée. La garniture obtenue est alors peu fragile tout en étant très performante.In addition, it is possible to choose as rigid material, a material having a high resilience (impact resistance) and as a coating, a poorly resilient material but with high hardness. The filling obtained is then little fragile while being very efficient.
Le matériau résistant à l'usure constituant le revêtement est de préférence un matériau différent de celui dont est faite l'âme. Il doit pouvoir adhérer sur cette dernière de manière suffisamment ferme pour ne pas être arraché et emporté par le flux de matière brute lors du raffinage. Ce peut être un métal pur tel que le molybdène (Mo), le nickel (Ni), l'aluminium (Al), le cuivre (Cu), le tantale (Ta) ou le titane (Ti), un alliage métallique tel que le nickel-chrome (NiCr), le nickel-chrome-aluminium-yttrium (NiCrAlY), le nickel-chrome-fer-bore-silicium (NiCrFeBSi), le nickel-aluminium (NiAl) ou le cuivre-aluminium (CuAl), un pseudo-alliage tel que l'aluminium-molybdène (Al-Mo) ou le cuivre-tungstène (Cu-W), un cermet tel que le WC-Co, le Cr3C2-NiCr, le WC-Ni ou le WC-NiCr, une céramique telle que l'alumine (Al2O3), l'oxyde de chrome (Cr2O3), l'oxyde de titane (TiO2), la zircone (ZrO2), l'oxyde de zirconium et d'yttrium (ZrO2/Y2O3), l'oxyde d'yttrium, de barium et de cuivre (Y1Ba2Cu3O7) ou la silice (SiO2), un minéral tel que l'apatite, un carbure tel que le carbure de tungstène, de titane, de bore ou de silicium, ou un carbone adamantin.The wear-resistant material constituting the coating is preferably a different material from that of which the core is made. It must be able to adhere to the latter in a sufficiently firm manner so as not to be torn off and carried away by the flow of raw material during refining. It can be a pure metal such as molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), tantalum (Ta) or titanium (Ti), a metal alloy such as nickel-chromium (NiCr), nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium (NiCrAlY), nickel-chromium-iron-boron-silicon (NiCrFeBSi), nickel-aluminum (NiAl) or copper-aluminum (CuAl), a pseudo-alloy such as aluminum-molybdenum (Al-Mo) or copper-tungsten (Cu-W), a cermet such as WC-Co, Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr, WC-Ni or WC-NiCr, a ceramic such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), oxide zirconium and yttrium (ZrO 2 / Y 2 O 3 ), yttrium, barium and copper oxide (Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O7) or silica (SiO 2 ), a mineral such as l apatite, a carbide such as tungsten carbide, titanium, boron or silicon, or an adamantine carbon.
On peut également prévoir que le revêtement soit un mélange de ces matériaux, ou une superposition de couches constituées de matériaux différents choisis parmi ces matériaux.It can also be provided that the coating is a mixture of these materials, or a superposition of layers made up of different materials chosen among these materials.
De préférence, on utilise comme revêtement une céramique, en particulier l'alumine.Preferably, a ceramic is used as coating, in particular alumina.
Selon l'invention, on met en oeuvre un revêtement poreux. On améliore ainsi les caractéristiques de la pâte raffinée. Par revêtement poreux, il faut entendre un revêtement dont le rapport volume total des pores/volume total du revêtement est compris entre 2% et 50%, de préférence entre 10% et 30%.According to the invention, a porous coating is used. We thus improve the characteristics of the refined dough. Porous coating means a coating with a ratio of total pore volume to total coating volume between 2% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 30%.
La demanderesse a, en effet, été surprise de découvrir qu'il est possible d'utiliser pour le revêtement un matériau ayant une porosité élevée, car généralement, lorsqu'on cherche à augmenter la résistance à l'usure d'un élément, on le revêt d'une couche d'un matériau ayant la porosité la plus basse possible.The plaintiff was, indeed, surprised to discover that it is possible to use for the coating a material having a high porosity, because generally, when we seek to increase the resistance to wear of an element, we coat it with a layer of a material with the lowest possible porosity.
Il est en outre souhaitable que la porosité augmente depuis la surface du revêtement en contact avec l'âme jusqu'à la surface active. Un tel gradient de porosité permet à la fois une bonne adhérence du revêtement sur l'âme et un meilleur raffinage de la pâte. La porosité peut ainsi être nulle au contact de l'âme et voisine de 50% au niveau de la surface active.It is further desirable that the porosity increases from the surface of the coating in contact with the core up to the active surface. Such a porosity gradient allows both good adhesion of the coating to the core and better refining paste. The porosity can thus be zero in contact with the core and close to 50% at level of the active surface.
La porosité est avantageusement du type ouverte. En effet, ceci semble provoquer un effet de capillarité vis-à-vis de l'eau contenue dans la pâte en cours de raffinage et modifier de façon bénéfique la circulation de la pâte et son raffinage.The porosity is advantageously of the open type. Indeed, this seems cause a capillary effect with respect to the water contained in the dough being refining and beneficially modifying the circulation of the dough and its refining.
Il s'avère avantageux d'utiliser comme revêtement un matériau possédant de bonnes caractéristiques tribologiques et/ou une abrasivité élevée vis-à-vis de la matière à raffiner.It is advantageous to use as a coating a material having good tribological characteristics and / or high abrasiveness towards the material to refine.
Le revêtement peut comprendre un second matériau disposé entre le matériau résistant à l'usure et l'âme, de façon à recouvrir cette dernière et à la protéger contre la corrosion par la matière brute à raffiner qui pourrait passer à travers le revêtement, si ce revêtement est poreux. Ceci se révèle particulièrement avantageux lorsque, par exemple, l'âme est faite d'un métal ou d'un alliage oxydable.The coating may include a second material disposed between the material wear-resistant and core, so as to cover it and protect it from corrosion by the raw material to be refined which could pass through the coating, if this coating is porous. This is particularly advantageous when, for example example, the core is made of a metal or an oxidizable alloy.
Ledit second matériau se présente de préférence sous la forme d'une couche mince, d'épaisseur comprise entre environ 20 et environ 200 microns (micromètres µm) et préférentiellement entre environ 50 et environ 100 microns, s'étendant de préférence au moins sur toute la face de travail. Le choix de ce second matériau dépend des conditions physico-chimiques dans lesquelles la garniture sera amenée à travailler. Ledit second matériau peut être, par exemple, un oxyde de nickel et de chrome. Il s'est avéré que l'alliage composé de nickel, de chrome, d'aluminium et d'yttrium (NiCrAlY), conférait une excellente protection contre les phénomènes de corrosion.Said second material is preferably in the form of a layer thin, between about 20 and about 200 microns thick (micrometers µm) and preferably between about 50 and about 100 microns, ranging from preferably at least on the entire working face. The choice of this second material depends on the physico-chemical conditions under which the packing will be brought to to work. Said second material can be, for example, an oxide of nickel and chromium. It turned out that the alloy composed of nickel, chromium, aluminum and yttrium (NiCrAlY), provided excellent protection against the phenomena of corrosion.
Lorsque la garniture selon l'invention est destinée à être utilisée dans un
raffineur à disques, elle peut avoir la forme d'un anneau ou d'une rondelle comme les
anneaux ou rondelles de raffinage de l'état de la technique représentés par la figure 1,
ou la forme d'un segment de disque comme les segments 6 de la figure 3.When the packing according to the invention is intended to be used in a
disc refiner, it can have the shape of a ring or a washer like the
refining rings or washers of the state of the art represented by FIG. 1,
or the shape of a disc segment like
Lorsque la garniture selon l'invention est prévue pour être montée sur un raffineur conique, elle peut présenter une forme de cône ou de tronc de cône ou une forme de segment de cône ou de tronc de cône, comme celles illustrées par les figures 22 et 23.When the packing according to the invention is intended to be mounted on a conical refiner, it can have a cone or truncated cone shape or a shape of segment of cone or truncated cone, like those illustrated by the figures 22 and 23.
La garniture selon l'invention telle qu'illustrée par les figures 8 et 9, comprend une âme 15 en un matériau rigide comportant une face de fixation 16 sur le raffineur et une face de travail 17 au moins essentiellement plane.The lining according to the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, comprises a core 15 of a rigid material comprising a fixing face 16 on the refiner and a working face 17 at least essentially flat.
Comme la face de travail 17 de la garniture est plane, la surface active 18 de la
garniture s'étend sur toute la face de travail 17.As the working face 17 of the lining is flat, the
Un revêtement 19 constitué d'un matériau résistant à l'usure recouvre ladite
âme 15, de façon à ce qu'au moins toute la surface active 18 de la garniture soit
constituée par du matériau résistant à l'usure. Ainsi, l'action de fibrillation de la pâte
n'est effectuée que sur le matériau résistant à l'usure et non sur l'âme 15.A
Comme cela est visible sur la figure 10, le revêtement 20 est constitué d'au
moins deux couches minces ou lamelles 21 disposées les unes sur les autres, de
préférence, de façon au moins essentiellement parallèle. Ces lamelles 21 permettent
une usure plus uniforme du revêtement 20 et contribuent ainsi à la constance des
conditions de raffinage. De préférence, le nombre de lamelles 21 est le plus élévé
possible que la technique utilisée pour réaliser le revêtement permet de réaliser. Des
essais ont en effet montré que lorsque le revêtement n'était constitué que d'une seule
couche, il pouvait être facilement arraché lors du rapprochement du rotor par rapport
au stator. Les lamelles confèrent au revêtement une capacité d'usure particulière qui
permet aux garnitures de s'adapter au raffineur. Dans le cas d'un raffineur à disques,
par exemple, les disques ne sont en pratique jamais parfaitement parallèles. Il s'ensuit
que lorsque l'on réduit l'entrefer, il arrive- que des contacts se produisent, à certains
endroits, entre deux disques se faisant face. Si le revêtement est fait d'une seule
couche épaisse, il est alors très souvent arraché. En revanche, si le revêtement est
constitué de lamelles, seules les lamelles superficielles situées aux endroits où se sont
produits les contacts sont arrachées et le raffinage peut ensuite se faire entre les
lamelles restantes de chacun des disques.As can be seen in FIG. 10, the
Ainsi, les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent présenter deux types de résistance à l'usure :
- une résistance à l'usure élevée vis-à-vis de la pâte à raffiner, due à la nature du matériau constituant le revêtement, ce qui permet une usure lente et une utilisation de la garniture pendant de longues durées et
- une résistance à l'usure par choc faible qui permet de nombreux arrêts et redémarrages sans arrachement du revêtement.
- a high wear resistance with respect to the dough to be refined, due to the nature of the material constituting the coating, which allows slow wear and use of the filling for long periods of time and
- low impact resistance which allows many stops and restarts without tearing off the coating.
Selon une première variante avantageuse représentée par les figures 11 et 12,
la face de travail 22 de la garniture est munie d'une ou plusieurs rainures 23 alternant
avec une ou plusieurs lames 24.According to a first advantageous variant represented by FIGS. 11 and 12,
the working
Lesdites rainures 23 sont destinées à faciliter l'écoulement de la pâte. Elles
peuvent être de section quelconque. Elles peuvent notamment avoir une section
rectangulaire comme celles que l'on rencontre sur les disques de raffinage du
commerce. Elles sont présentes dans le revêtement 25 qui s'étend sur toute la face de
travail 22. La surface active de la garniture est alors la somme des surfaces de tous les
sommets 26 des lames 24. L'aire de la surface active est donc inférieure à l'aire de la
face de travail 22. La géométrie des lames 24 et rainures 23 peut-être choisie en
fonction du type de traitement spécifique que l'on veut faire subir à la matière à
raffiner. Le couple géométrie/matériau dudit revêtement 25 peut être optimisé pour
chaque traitement spécifique de la matière à raffiner.Said
Selon une deuxième variante avantageuse représentée par la figure 13, les
rainures 27 sont présentes dans l'âme 28 et le revêtement 29 ne recouvre que les
sommets 30 des lames 31. Il est, dans ce cas, préférable que le matériau rigide
constituant l'âme 28 soit un matériau présentant une assez bonne résistance à l'usure,
tel que la fonte du type "Ni-hard" ou les aciers au chrome. Ces derniers ont en outre
l'avantage de présenter une bonne résistance à la corrosion.According to a second advantageous variant represented by FIG. 13, the
Selon une troisième variante avantageuse représentée par la figure 14, les
rainures 32 sont présentes dans l'âme 33 et le revêtement 34 occupe toute la face de
travail 35. Le revêtement 34 épouse préférablement toutes les formes de l'âme 33. Il
est donc disposé aussi bien sur les sommets 36 des lames 37 que dans leurs fonds 38.
Son épaisseur est de préférence uniforme sur tous les sommets 36.According to a third advantageous variant represented by FIG. 14, the
Le revêtement 34 peut aussi être composé de plusieurs parties constituées
chacune d'un matériau différent. Ainsi, il est possible de recouvrir les sommets 36
d'un premier matériau et les fonds 38 et les parois des rainures 32 d'un second
matériau. De façon avantageuse, ledit premier matériau est alors choisi parmi les
matériaux présentant un résistance élevée à l'usure et/ou de bonnes propriétés
tribologiques tels que l'alumine et ledit second matériau est choisi parmi les matériaux
présentant une abrasivité élevée tels que le carbure de tungstène et/ou une résistance
élevée à la corrosion.The
Selon une quatrième variante avantageuse représentée par les figures 15 et 16,
un ou plusieurs obstacles 39 sont disposés dans une ou plusieurs rainures 40, de façon
à réaliser un ou plusieurs étranglements et à perturber la circulation de la pâte en
créant des micro-vortex à l'intérieur des rainures 40, ce qui a pour effet de forcer la
matière devant être raffinée à passer entre les surfaces actives du rotor et du stator. La
qualité du raffinage est alors améliorée.According to a fourth advantageous variant represented by FIGS. 15 and 16,
one or
La forme exacte desdits obstacles 39 importe peu dès lors qu'ils permettent de
provoquer un écoulement du type turbulent de la pâte. Il s'ensuit alors une
augmentation du temps de résidence de la pâte entre le rotor et le stator du raffineur,
ce qui améliore l'efficacité du raffinage et par conséquent, la qualité de la pâte
obtenue.The exact form of the said
Lesdits obstacles 39 peuvent être disposés aléatoirement ou par groupes de
deux et situés l'un en face de l'autre, respectivement sur les parois 41 et 42 des
rainures 40. Les obstacles situés sur la paroi 41 peuvent aussi être décalés par rapport
à ceux situés sur la paroi 42 .Said
Les obstacles sont de préférence constitués du même matériau que le revêtement 43 avec lequel ils font corps.Obstacles are preferably made of the same material as the coating 43 with which they are integral.
Le revêtement 43 recouvrant toute la face de travail 44 selon cette cinquième
variante, les obstacles 39 sont donc disposés à la fois dans les rainures 40 et sur le
revêtement 43. The covering 43 covering the entire working face 44 according to this fifth
variant, the
Lorsque le revêtement 43 comprend un premier matériau pour la surface active
et un second matériau dans les rainures 40, les obstacles 39 sont de préférence
constituées dudit second matériau.When the coating 43 comprises a first material for the active surface
and a second material in the
Selon une cinquième variante avantageuse représentée par la figure 17, les
obstacles 45 sont disposés dans les fonds ou sur les parois des rainures 46. Comme le
revêtement 47 recouvre uniquement les sommets 48 des lames 49, les obstacles 45
sont donc en contact et adhèrent à l'âme 50. Ils peuvent aussi faire partie de l'âme 50
et être par conséquent constitués du même matériau que cette âme 50.According to a fifth advantageous variant represented by FIG. 17, the
Selon une sixième variante avantageuse représentée par la figure 18, l'âme 51
est munie de rainures 52. Le revêtement 53 recouvre toute la face de travail 54. Les
obstacles 55 sont donc fixés contre le revêtement 53 ou font partie de ce dernier qui
suit préférentiellement toutes les formes de l'âme 51 et présente de préférence une
épaisseur uniforme sur toute la face de travail 54.According to a sixth advantageous variant represented by FIG. 18, the
Les figures 19 et 20 représentent une septième variante avantageuse de la
garniture selon l'invention, dans laquelle les rainures 56 ont une section quasi-circulaire.
De telles garnitures ont ainsi une surface active élevée (constituée par la
somme des surfaces des sommets 57 recouverts par le revêtement 58), tout en
présentant des rainures 56 pouvant contenir un volume important de pâte lors du
raffinage.Figures 19 and 20 show a seventh advantageous variant of the
packing according to the invention, in which the
La figure 21 représente une huitième variante avantageuse de la garniture selon
l'invention, dans laquelle le revêtement 59 recouvre toute la face de travail et les
rainures 60 présentent une forme en queue d'aronde, ce qui constitue une autre
manière de parvenir à une surface active élevée tout en ayant des rainures 60 à volume
important.FIG. 21 represents an eighth advantageous variant of the lining according to
the invention, in which the
Lorsque la garniture selon l'invention présente des rainures, il peut être envisagé pour ces rainures une profondeur variable. Cette dernière peut, par exemple, être faible au niveau d'une extrémité (par exemple, la périphérie pour une garniture annulaire), et s'accroítre, de préférence régulièrement, pour devenir importante au niveau de l'autre extrémité (le centre, pour une garniture annulaire), ou vice-versa. Le choix entre une augmentation de la profondeur vers l'une des extrémités, ou une augmentation vers l'autre des extrémités, dépendra alors des caractéristiques de fonctionnement du raffineur, notamment, du sens imposé à la circulation de la pâte dans le raffineur.When the lining according to the invention has grooves, it can be envisaged for these grooves a variable depth. The latter can, for example, be weak at one end (for example, the periphery for a trim annular), and increase, preferably regularly, to become important in level of the other end (the center, for an annular packing), or vice versa. The choice between increasing the depth towards one end, or increase towards the other of the extremities, will then depend on the characteristics of operation of the refiner, in particular, the direction imposed on the circulation of the dough in the refiner.
Il peut se révéler avantageux de pratiquer ou prévoir, dans le revêtement et sur sa surface extérieure, des entailles de profondeur peu importante par rapport à l'épaisseur du revêtement, de facon à créer des arêtes et donner ainsi un caractère abrasif ou augmenter le caractère abrasif du revêtement.It may be advantageous to practice or plan, in the coating and on its outer surface, notches of small depth compared to the thickness of the coating, so as to create edges and thus give a character abrasive or increase the abrasiveness of the coating.
Les figures 22 et 23 représentent des garnitures selon l'invention destinées à
être mises en oeuvre respectivement sur le rotor et sur le stator d'un raffineur
conique. Lors du fonctionnement de ce dernier, la matière brute est fibrillée entre les
revêtements 61 et 62 des garnitures qui sont pressées l'une contre l'autre.Figures 22 and 23 show fittings according to the invention intended for
be implemented respectively on the rotor and on the stator of a refiner
conical. During the operation of the latter, the raw material is fibrillated between the
La garniture selon l'invention et ses variantes sont destinées à être fixées, de façon connue, sur le bloc rotor ou sur le bloc stator d'un raffineur. C'est pourquoi elles peuvent comporter un ou plusieurs trous (non représentés), traversant l'âme et éventuellement le revêtement en reliant la face de travail à la face de fixation, et destinés au passage de vis de fixation sur le bloc rotor ou le bloc stator du raffineur.The packing according to the invention and its variants are intended to be fixed, in known manner, on the rotor block or on the stator block of a refiner. That is why they may include one or more holes (not shown), passing through the core and optionally the covering by connecting the working face to the fixing face, and intended for the passage of fixing screws on the rotor block or the stator block of the refiner.
Les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent avantageusement être préparées à partir d'une âme en un matériau rigide que l'on recouvre au moins partiellement à l'aide d'un revêtement résistant à l'usure, d'une manière telle qu'au moins la surface active de la garniture soit constituée par tout ou partie de la surface extérieure dudit revêtement.The linings according to the invention can advantageously be prepared for starting from a core of a rigid material which is covered at least partially with using a wear-resistant coating, in such a way that at least the surface active lining is formed by all or part of the outer surface of said coating.
Le recouvrement est effectué selon tout procédé permettant de déposer un revêtement dur sur un substrat, comme, par exemple, le procédé appelé "laser-cladding", le procédé de dépose plasma par projection thermique, le procédé de dépose par plasma à induction, ou le procédé de dépose plasma C.V.D.(Chemical Vapor Deposition). L'âme est préférentiellement munie de rainures qui peuvent être pratiquées par usinage dans une âme plane, ou bien prévues lors du moulage de l'âme, dans le cas notamment où il s'avère plus économique de fabriquer cette dernière par moulage.The recovery is carried out according to any process allowing to deposit a hard coating on a substrate, such as, for example, the process called "laser-cladding", the process of plasma deposition by thermal spraying, the process of Induction plasma deposition, or the C.V.D. Vapor Deposition). The core is preferably provided with grooves which can be practiced by machining in a flat core, or else provided during the molding of the core, especially in the case where it is more economical to manufacture the latter by molding.
L'âme peut avantageusement être un disque ou un segment de disque de raffinage du commerce, ou un cône, un tronc de cône ou un segment de cône ou de tronc de cône de raffinage du commerce. On applique alors préférablement le revêtement de matériau résistant à l'usure de manière à ce que toutes les formes du disque, segment de disque, cône, tronc de cône ou segment de cône ou de tronc de cône du commerce soient conservées.The core can advantageously be a disc or a disc segment of commercial refining, or a cone, truncated cone or segment of a cone or trade refined cone trunk. Then preferably apply the coating of wear-resistant material so that all forms of the disc, disc segment, cone, trunk of cone or segment of cone or trunk of cone of commerce are kept.
Il va de soi que le revêtement peut recouvrir complètement l'âme, c'est-à-dire aussi bien sa face de travail que sa face de fixation ou ses faces latérales.It goes without saying that the coating can completely cover the core, i.e. its working face as well as its fixing face or its lateral faces.
On dispose ainsi d'une garniture selon l'invention qui conduit à un meilleur raffinage que le disque, segment de disque, cône, tronc de cône ou segment de cône ou de tronc de cône du commerce. La garniture selon l'invention ainsi obtenue a également une meilleure résistance à l'usure que le disque, segment de disque, cône, tronc de cône ou segment de cône ou de tronc de cône du commerce. De plus, elle peut être régénérée une fois usée.There is thus a packing according to the invention which leads to better refining as the disc, disc segment, cone, truncated cone or cone segment or commercial cone trunk. The packing according to the invention thus obtained has also better wear resistance than disc, disc segment, cone, commercial cone or cone or cone segment. In addition, she can be regenerated once worn.
Par ailleurs, lorsque le revêtement est présent dans les rainures (première, troisième, quatrième, sixième et huitième variantes), et si ce revêtement est abrasif, on augmente le caractère turbulent de l'écoulement, ce qui se traduit par un meilleur maintien du film de pâte entre le rotor et le stator du raffineur, à un meilleur raffinage et à une meilleure conduite de l'ensemble de l'opération de raffinage.Furthermore, when the coating is present in the grooves (first, third, fourth, sixth and eighth variants), and if this coating is abrasive, the turbulent nature of the flow is increased, which results in better maintenance of the dough film between the rotor and the stator of the refiner, for better refining and better management of the entire refining operation.
Il est préférable de munir l'âme du revêtement en matériau résistant à l'usure en mettant en oeuvre le procédé dit de dépose plasma. En effet, on obtient ainsi, lorsque l'âme comporte des rainures, un revêtement continu et d'épaisseur uniforme et épousant bien toutes les formes de la face de travail. De plus, comme les grains formant le matériau de départ ont au moins partiellement fondu lors du passage dans la flamme, le revêtement obtenu se présente sous une forme continue, uniforme et de densité relativement élevée.It is preferable to provide the core with the coating of wear-resistant material by implementing the so-called plasma removal process. Indeed, we obtain thus, when the core has grooves, a continuous coating of uniform thickness and fitting well to all forms of the working face. In addition, like grains forming the starting material have at least partially melted when passing through flame, the coating obtained is in a continuous, uniform form and relatively high density.
On évite ainsi également l'usinage difficile et coûteux de saillies dans le matériau résistant à l'usure.This also avoids the difficult and costly machining of projections in the wear-resistant material.
Par ailleurs, la demanderesse a constaté, lors de ses essais, que malgré les forces importantes intervenant lors du raffinage, le revêtement déposé par le procédé plasma n'était pas arraché.Furthermore, the plaintiff noted, during its tests, that despite the significant forces involved in refining, the coating deposited by the process plasma was not removed.
En outre, le procédé de dépose plasma se révèle particulièrement avantageux pour réaliser un revêtement composé d'une superposition ou empilement de couches minces ou lamelles. En effet, ce procédé permet d'effectuer le dépôt du revêtement en plusieurs passages, en déposant à chaque fois une quantité très faible du matériau résistant à l'usure, de façon à obtenir un revêtement constitué d'une superposition de couches minces ou lamelles. Un tel revêment s'use alors de façon uniforme et présente une surface ayant le maximum de planéité tout au long de son usure.In addition, the plasma deposition process proves to be particularly advantageous to make a coating composed of a superposition or stack of layers thin or strips. In fact, this process makes it possible to deposit the coating in several passes, each time depositing a very small amount of the material resistant to wear, so as to obtain a coating consisting of a superposition of thin layers or coverslips. Such a coating then wears uniformly and has a surface with maximum flatness throughout its wear.
L'épaisseur des lamelles peut ainsi être comprise entre à 0,003 et 0,100 mm. Elle est de préférence comprise entre 0,005 et 0,025 mm. The thickness of the slats can thus be between 0.003 and 0.100 mm. It is preferably between 0.005 and 0.025 mm.
Un autre avantage de la mise en oeuvre du procédé de dépose plasma est qu'on peut utiliser comme revêtement un matériau sophistiqué et cher, car ce procédé permet de déposer des couches minces de matériau, donc une faible quantité de matériau, ce qui n'entraíne pas une augmentation importante du coût de revient de la garniture.Another advantage of implementing the plasma deposition process is that can use a sophisticated and expensive material as a coating because this process allows to deposit thin layers of material, so a small amount of material, which does not lead to a significant increase in the cost price of the garnish.
Un autre avantage encore du procédé de dépose plasma est que le dépôt de revêtement peut être effectué de manière précise. Ce procédé se prête donc bien à la réalisation de garnitures selon l'invention telles que, par exemple, celles correspondant à la deuxième, quatrième, cinquième, sixième, septième ou à la huitième variante.Yet another advantage of the plasma deposition process is that the deposition of coating can be done precisely. This process therefore lends itself well to production of fittings according to the invention such as, for example, those corresponding to the second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or the eighth variant.
Le matériau de départ pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé plasma présente généralement une granulométrie comprise entre environ 10 et environ 80 microns (µm) et de préférence entre environ 30 et environ 40 microns (µm).The starting material for the implementation of the plasma process presents generally a particle size between about 10 and about 80 microns (µm) and preferably between about 30 and about 40 microns (µm).
Les obstacles représentés sur les figures 16, 17 et 18 peuvent être disposés par le procédé plasma.The obstacles shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 can be arranged by the plasma process.
Pour obtenir une garniture dont la face de travail comporte des lames et des rainures et dont seuls les sommets des lames soient recouverts de revêtement, il est possible d'obstruer les rainures à l'aide de caches, de déposer le revêtement sur lesdits sommets puis de retirer les caches. Les parois des rainures sont alors dépourvues de revêtement.To obtain a gasket whose working face includes blades and grooves and of which only the tops of the blades are covered with coating, it is possible to obstruct the grooves with covers, to deposit the coating on said tops and then remove the covers. The walls of the grooves are then devoid of coating.
La garniture selon l'invention est fixée de façon connue, par exemple au moyen de vis, sur le bloc rotor ou le bloc stator du raffineur.The packing according to the invention is fixed in a known manner, for example to the screw means, on the rotor block or the stator block of the refiner.
La demanderesse s'est apercue que la mise en oeuvre des garnitures selon l'invention permet de garder un entrefer constant lors du raffinage même quand la puissance de raffinage est très élevée, ce qui a pour avantage de conduire à une stabilité des conditions de raffinage et à un maintien de la qualité de la pâte raffinée dans le temps.The Applicant has noticed that the implementation of the linings according to the invention makes it possible to keep a constant air gap during refining even when the refining power is very high, which has the advantage of leading to a stable refining conditions and maintaining the quality of the refined dough in time.
De plus, la pâte raffinée est d'une blancheur supérieure à celle obtenue avec les garnitures selon l'état de la technique.In addition, the refined dough has a whiteness greater than that obtained with the linings according to the state of the art.
La garniture selon l'invention peut être fixée sur le bloc rotor ou sur le bloc stator du raffineur. De préférence, elle recouvre toute la face de travail du bloc rotor ou du bloc stator. Ainsi, toute la surface active du bloc présente un revêtement de matériau résistant à l'usure. The lining according to the invention can be fixed on the rotor block or on the block stator of the refiner. Preferably, it covers the entire working face of the rotor block or the stator block. Thus, the entire active surface of the block has a coating of wear-resistant material.
Bien entendu, il est possible de disposer plusieurs garnitures de dimensions égales ou différentes sur le bloc rotor ou sur le bloc stator, notamment, si l'on souhaite recouvrir toute la face de travail du rotor ou stator et que les dimensions d'une seule garniture sont insuffisantes pour lui permettre d'occuper à elle seule toute la face de travail du bloc rotor ou du bloc stator.Of course, it is possible to have several trims of dimensions equal or different on the rotor block or on the stator block, in particular, if we wishes to cover the entire working face of the rotor or stator and that the dimensions a single trim are insufficient to allow it to occupy on its own all the working face of the rotor block or the stator block.
Il est préférable de munir à la fois le rotor et le stator du raffineur d'une ou plusieurs garnitures selon l'invention. Il est encore davantage préférable de recouvrir toute la face de travail du bloc rotor et toute la face de travail du bloc stator d'une ou plusieurs garnitures selon l'invention, de façon à ce que toute la surface active du raffineur soit constituée du matériau résistant à l'usure. On obtient alors un écoulement de la pâte à raffiner ayant une turbulence maximale et un raffinage optimal.It is preferable to provide both the rotor and the stator of the refiner with one or more several fittings according to the invention. It is even more preferable to cover the entire working face of the rotor block and the entire working face of the stator block of one or several linings according to the invention, so that the entire active surface of the refiner is made of wear-resistant material. We then obtain a flow of the dough to be refined having maximum turbulence and refining optimal.
Les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent être mises en oeuvre en vue du défibrage et/ou du raffinage de tout matériau composé de fibres, telles que les pâtes, et en particulier, les pâtes à papier dont la concentration en matières sèches est inférieure à 60% et de préférence inférieure à 25%. Elles se révèlent particulièrement performantes lorsque la pâte à papier à raffiner est une suspension aqueuse dont la concentration est comprise entre 3 et 8%.The linings according to the invention can be used with a view to defibering and / or refining any material composed of fibers, such as pulp, and in particular, paper pulp whose dry matter concentration is less than 60% and preferably less than 25%. They are particularly revealed effective when the pulp to be refined is an aqueous suspension whose concentration is between 3 and 8%.
Les garnitures selon l'invention permettent d'obtenir de meilleurs résultats, en ce qui concerne la coupe des fibres (moins de phénomènes de coupe), que les garnitures de l'état de la technique. Il est donc avantageux de les mettre en oeuvre dans l'industrie du recyclage du papier. En effet du fait qu'elles peuvent être utilisées pour raffiner des vieux papiers, c'est-à-dire améliorer leur qualité, elles rendent possible une diminution de la teneur en fibres longues (neuves) du papier recyclé. De plus, elles améliorent la dispersion des "stickies", les impuretés du papier, ce qui permet d'obtenir un papier comportant moins de tâches foncées. On obtient donc, grâce aux garnitures selon l'invention, un abaissement du coût du recyclage.The linings according to the invention make it possible to obtain better results, in regarding the cutting of fibers (less cutting phenomena), than state of the art fittings. It is therefore advantageous to use them in the paper recycling industry. Because they can be used to refine old paper, that is to say improve its quality, they make possible a reduction in the content of long (new) fibers in recycled paper. Of more, they improve the dispersion of "stickies", the impurities of the paper, which produces paper with fewer dark spots. So we get, thanks to the linings according to the invention, a lowering of the cost of recycling.
En outre, les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent être utilisées pour réaliser sur des raffineurs à disque des opérations de raffinage qui n'étaient jusqu'à présent pratiquement possibles que sur des raffineurs coniques, plus particulièrement sur des raffineurs coniques à grand angle. De telles opérations de raffinage sont celles nécessaires pour la préparation de papier spéciaux tels que les papiers pour cigarettes, les papiers calques, etc..., c'est-à-dire des papiers obtenus à partir de pâtes à degré Shopper-Riegler élevé (supérieur à 60 degrés).In addition, the fittings according to the invention can be used to produce on disc refiners refining operations that were previously practically possible only on conical refiners, more particularly on wide angle conical refiners. Such refining operations are those necessary for the preparation of special paper such as cigarette papers, tracing papers, etc ..., i.e. papers obtained from degree pulp High Shopper-Riegler (over 60 degrees).
Par ailleurs, les garnitures selon l'invention peuvent en outre être employées pour le défibrage de toute matière cellulosique, telle que les déchets de bois, de plantes dites "annuelles" (bagasse, sorgho, alfa, ...). Furthermore, the linings according to the invention can also be used for the defibration of any cellulosic material, such as wood waste, so-called "annual" plants (bagasse, sorghum, alfa, ...).
Le raffinage d'une pâte à papier a été réalisé dans les mêmes conditions, avec
4 disques métalliques selon l'état de la technique et avec 4 garnitures selon
l'invention. Les disques selon l'état de la technique étaient des couronnes de
40,64 cm (16 pouces) de diamètre commercialisées par la société Black-Clawson,
constitués de fonte dite "Ni-hard" ayant 10 secteurs, des dessus de lames d'une
largeur d'environ 5,5 mm, et des rainures parallèles entre elles à l'intérieur de
chaque secteur, inclinées de 20° environ par rapport au rayon, de section
transversale rectangulaire, d'environ 5,0 mm de largeur et d'environ 6,0 mm de
profondeur. Les garnitures selon l'invention étaient des garnitures préparées par le
procédé de dépose par projection plasma, en recouvrant d'une épaisseur uniforme ou
à peu près uniforme d'environ 500µ (microns) d'alumine/oxyde de titane 97/3
(Al2O3 97%-TiO2 3%) toute la face de travail de couronnes identiques à celles
décrites précédemment. Le revêtement était constitué d'une superposition de 25
couches minces de 20 µ d'épaisseur chacune. La porosité était du type ouverte et
égale à 20% (mesurée selon le test de pénétration par l'alcool).The refining of a paper pulp was carried out under the same conditions, with 4 metal discs according to the prior art and with 4 fillings according to the invention. The discs according to the state of the art were 40.64 cm (16 inch) diameter crowns marketed by the company Black-Clawson, made of "Ni-hard" cast iron having 10 sectors, tops of blades of a width of about 5.5 mm, and grooves parallel to each other within each sector, inclined by about 20 ° with respect to the radius, of rectangular cross section, about 5.0 mm in width and d '' about 6.0 mm deep. The linings according to the invention were linings prepared by the plasma spraying deposition process, covering with a uniform or approximately uniform thickness of approximately 500 μ (microns) of alumina / titanium oxide 97/3 (Al 2 O 3 97% -
Le raffineur utilisé était le raffineur Twin Midjet commercialisé par la société Black-Clawson, comportant 4 disques support et travaillant en duo-flow, c'est-à-dire que les 4 disques support sont disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et une partie (la moitié théoriquement) de la matière brute est raffinée entre 2 disques de raffinage d'un premier jeu et l'autre partie entre 2 disques de raffinage d'un second jeu. L'introduction de la matière brute se faisait au centre des disques de raffinage. La pâte raffinée ressortait par la périphérie des disques.The refiner used was the Twin Midjet refiner marketed by the company Black-Clawson, comprising 4 support discs and working in duo-flow, that is to say that the 4 support discs are arranged parallel to each other and a part (theoretically half) of the raw material is refined between 2 refining discs of a first game and the other part between 2 refining discs of a second game. The introduction of the raw material was done in the center of the refining discs. The refined paste stood out from the periphery of the discs.
Le raffineur était équipé d'un moteur d'une puissance de 140 kW.The refiner was equipped with a 140 kW engine.
Le débit nominal de circulation de la pâte était de 30 à 40 m3/h, le débit maximal étant de 60 m3/h.The nominal circulation rate of the pulp was 30 to 40 m 3 / h, the maximum flow being 60 m 3 / h.
La matière brute présentait une concentration de 3% et était constituée de pâte à papier dite chimique de résineux de provenance scandinave. La figure 24 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres et des éléments composant la matière brute. La longueur moyenne des fibres mesurée par un capteur optique était de 2,49 mm. Le pourcentage massique des fibres en fonction de leur longueur est indiqué au dessus de la courbe.The raw material had a concentration of 3% and consisted of Scandinavian softwood chemical pulp. Figure 24 represents the weighted length curve of the fibers and of the elements making up the raw material. The average fiber length measured by an optical sensor was 2.49 mm. The mass percentage of fibers as a function of their length is indicated above the curve.
La supériorité des garnitures selon l'invention est évaluée au travers des mesures effectuées sur des formettes de papier préparées à partir de pâte raffinée. Les résultats de ces mesures sont regroupés dans les tableaux A, B, C, et D suivants dans lesquels :
- 'E.T.' désigne les formettes obtenues à partir de pâte raffinée dans un raffineur muni de 4 disques du commerce,
- 'INV.' désigne les formettes obtenues à partir de pâte raffinée dans un raffineur muni de 4 garnitures selon l'invention.
- 'ET' designates the formettes obtained from refined dough in a refiner fitted with 4 commercial discs,
- 'INV.' denotes the formettes obtained from refined dough in a refiner provided with 4 fillings according to the invention.
Les mesures ont été efectuées suivant les normes françaises indiquées dans les tableaux, en atmosphère conditionnée à 65 %HR et à 20°C.The measurements were carried out according to the French standards indicated in the tables, in an atmosphere conditioned at 65% RH and at 20 ° C.
LR0 est la longueur de rupture calculée à partir de la force de rupture à machoires jointives alors que LR est la longueur de rupture selon la norme AFNOR Q03004.LR 0 is the breaking length calculated from the breaking force with adjoining jaws while LR is the breaking length according to AFNOR Q03004 standard.
La colonne '°SR' indique le degré Schopper-Riegler de la pâte raffinée.
Il apparaít donc d'après les résultats de ces tableaux que l'hydratation et la fibrillation de la pâte s'effectuent sans qu'on observe un phénomène notable de coupe des fibres.It therefore appears from the results of these tables that the hydration and fibrillation of the dough takes place without a notable cutting phenomenon being observed fibers.
La figure 25 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres et des éléments composant la pâte après raffinage pendant 20 minutes avec les disques selon l'état de la technique, et avec une puissance utile de 40 kW. La longueur moyenne des fibres était de 1,55 mm.Figure 25 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 20 minutes with the discs according to the state of the art, and with a useful power of 40 kW. The average length of fibers was 1.55 mm.
La figure 26 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres et des éléments composant la pâte après raffinage pendant 20 minutes avec les garnitures selon l'invention, également avec une puissance de 40 kW. La longueur moyenne des fibres était de 2,66 mm.Figure 26 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 20 minutes with the fillings according to the invention, also with a power of 40 kW. The average length of fibers was 2.66 mm.
La figure 27 représente la courbe de longueur pondérée des fibres et des éléments composant la pâte après raffinage pendant 25 minutes avec les garnitures selon l'invention, avec une puissance de 60 kW. La longueur moyenne des fibres était de 2,18 mm.Figure 27 shows the weighted length curve of fibers and components of the dough after refining for 25 minutes with the fillings according to the invention, with a power of 60 kW. The average fiber length was 2.18 mm.
Ces courbes montrent clairement que les garnitures selon l'invention permettent d'obtenir une réduction du phénomène de coupe des fibres et une diminution de la production de fines.These curves clearly show that the linings according to the invention allow a reduction in the fiber cutting phenomenon and a decrease in the production of fines.
Des tests mécaniques effectués de manière comparative sur des formettes de papier fabriquées à partir de pâte raffinée font apparaítre que la longueur de rupture et l'indice d'éclatement du papier obtenu avec les garnitures selon l'invention sont en moyenne d'environ 15 à 20% supérieurs à ceux du papier obtenu avec les disques de l'état de la technique. Une supériorité d'environ 30% a même été obtenue lorsque la puissance utile appliquée a été de 60 kW. A cet égard, il convient de noter que lors de la mise en oeuvre de disques selon l'état de la technique, il est impossible d'appliquer une puissance utile aussi élevée dans les conditions spécifiques de fonctionnement de l'installation utilisée pour tester les garnitures selon l'invention.Mechanical tests carried out in a comparative manner on paper made from refined pulp show that the breaking length and the burst index of the paper obtained with the linings according to the invention are in about 15 to 20% higher on average than the paper obtained with the state of the art. A superiority of around 30% has even been obtained when the applied useful power was 60 kW. In this regard, it should be noted that during of the implementation of discs according to the state of the art, it is impossible to apply such a high power output under the specific conditions of operation of the installation used to test the linings according to the invention.
De façon étonnante, on s'est aperçu également que l'indice de déchirement croít au début du raffinage avec les garnitures selon l'invention alors que en règle générale l'indice de déchirement des formettes décroít dès le début de l'opération de raffinage avec des disques selon l'état de la technique.Surprisingly, we also noticed that the tear index increases at the start of refining with the fillings according to the invention while in good standing general the tear index of the formettes decreases from the start of the operation of refining with discs according to the state of the art.
D'autres essais menés par la demanderesse sur des installations industrielles, ont permis d'observer lors de l'utilisation des garnitures selon l'invention, une réduction de 10 à 15% de la puissance à vide du raffineur par rapport à la puissance nécessaire avec les garnitures en fonte de l'état de la technique. Par puissance à vide, on entend ici la puissance mécanique et hydraulique utilisée pour faire circuler la pâte à travers le raffineur.Other tests carried out by the applicant on industrial installations, allowed to observe when using the linings according to the invention, a 10 to 15% reduction in the no-load power of the refiner compared to the power necessary with state-of-the-art cast iron fittings. By power at empty, we mean here the mechanical and hydraulic power used to circulate the dough through the refiner.
En outre, la demanderesse a constaté avec satisfaction que le raffineur lorsqu'il était muni des garnitures selon l'invention, était beaucoup moins bruyant que lorsqu'il comportait les garnitures en fonte de l'état de la technique.In addition, the Applicant has noted with satisfaction that the refiner when fitted with the fittings according to the invention, was much less noisy only when it included the cast iron fittings of the state of the art.
Claims (18)
- A pulp refiner filling, comprising a face (16) for securing to [the] a refiner and a working face (17, 22) comprising an active surface and including at least one core (15, 28, 33, 50, 51) made of a rigid material covered by a coating made of a wear-resistant material in such a way that at least the active surface (18) of the filling is comprised of all or a portion of the external surface of the said coating (19, 20, 25), characterized in that the said coating (19, 20, 25) is porous and is comprised of an overlay of thin layers or lamellae (21).
- Filling according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the said thin layers or lamellae (21) is between 0.003 and 0.100 mm and preferably between 0.005 and 0.025 mm.
- Filling according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio-total volume of the pore/total volume of the coating-is between 2% and 50%.
- Filling according to claim 3, characterized in that the ratio-total volume of the pore /total volume of the coating-is between 10% and 30%.
- Filling according to Claim 1,3 or 4, characterized in that the porosity of the said coating (19, 20, 25) increases from the core (15, 28, 33, 50, 51) towards the said active surface (18).
- Filling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said working face (17, 22) is provided with at least one groove (23, 40, 46) intended to facilitate the flow of the pulp to be refined.
- Filling according to Claim 6, characterized in that the said groove or grooves (23, 40, 46) are present in the said core (15, 28, 33, 50, 51).
- Filling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said coating (19, 20, 25) covers the whole said working face (17, 22).
- Filling according to claims 6 to 8 characterized in that at least one obstacle (39, 45, 55) intended to perturb the flow of the pulp is placed in at least one of the said grooves (23, 40, 46).
- Filling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said rigid material is chosen from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys, cast iron and plastics.
- filling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said wear-resistant material is chosen from the group consisting of pure metals, metal alloys, pseudoalloys, cermets, ceramics, minerals and mixtures thereof.
- Filling according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the coating is between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 0.8 mm.
- Disc or conical refiner characterized in that it is fitted with at least one Filling according to any one of Claims 1 to 12.
- Process for the preparation of a Filling according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, comprising a core (15, 28, 33, 50, 51) made of a rigid material at least partially covered with the aid of a porous wear-resistant coating (19, 20, 25) in such a way that at least the active surface (18) of the Filling consists of all or a portion of the external surface of the said coating (19, 20, 25), which is performed in a number of runs so as to obtain a coating (19,20,25) consisting of an overlay of thin layers or lamellae (21).
- Process according to Claim 14, characterized in that the coating (19, 20, 25) is applied by a plasma spraying deposition process.
- Process for refining pulp, characterized in that at least one Filling according to one of Claims 1 to 12 is used during the refining of the pulp.
- Process according to Claims 16, in which the pulp to be refined is a paper pulp.
- Use of a Filling according to any one of Claims 1 to 12 for defibring cellulosic matter.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9404667A FR2718469B1 (en) | 1994-04-08 | 1994-04-08 | Garnish for dough refiner. |
FR9404667 | 1994-04-08 | ||
PCT/FR1995/000452 WO1995027822A1 (en) | 1994-04-08 | 1995-04-07 | Refiner component |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0754259A1 EP0754259A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
EP0754259B1 true EP0754259B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
Family
ID=9462261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95916728A Expired - Lifetime EP0754259B1 (en) | 1994-04-08 | 1995-04-07 | Refiner filling |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5836525A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0754259B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10506686A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE170578T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2311395A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69504490T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI108868B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2718469B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995027822A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104343034A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-11 | 臧田良 | Abrasive sheet for abrasive disc of pulping machine |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19923865A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-11-30 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Process for the production of sets for the mechanical processing of water-containing paper pulp |
DE19955009C2 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2001-10-18 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process for the production of sets for the mechanical processing of suspended fiber material |
US20020185560A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-12 | Johansson Ola M. | Adjustable refiner plate pattern |
DE10258324B4 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2008-03-27 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Process for the production of sets for the milling of hydrous paper pulp |
SE0300082L (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-06-01 | Metso Paper Inc | Malelement |
DE202004003743U1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2004-05-19 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Grinder and grinding set for paper pulp |
AT502541B1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2008-01-15 | Andritz Ag Maschf | PLATE OR PLATE SEGMENT AND DEVICE WITH SUCH PLATES OR PLATE SEGMENTS |
US7100651B1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2006-09-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Stump grinding disk and wear strips therefor |
NZ596892A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2012-02-24 | Andritz Inc | Mechanical pulp refining through plates with large holdback angles and sidewall protrusions |
DE102008039001A1 (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2010-02-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Aqueously suspended cellulose fiber e.g. old paper fiber, refining method for double disk refiner, involves guiding suspension between refining devices, where part of blocks of devices has cutting width extended from inner to outer sides |
FI121793B (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2011-04-15 | Metso Minerals Inc | A method of coating a wear member, using a wear coated article, a wear member and a refiner |
WO2011098147A1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Method for refining aqueously suspended cellulose fibers and refiner filling for carrying out said method |
EP2508670B1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2013-08-21 | Cellwood Machinery AB | Refining disc or refining disc segment |
FI125608B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-12-15 | Valmet Technologies Inc | The blade element |
FI125739B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2016-01-29 | Valmet Technologies Inc | Leaf element and refiner |
JP5969422B2 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-08-17 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Hardened build-up structure of roll |
US10166546B2 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2019-01-01 | Andritz Inc. | Reduced mass plates for refiners and dispersers |
DE102015207536A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-27 | Voith Patent Gmbh | treatment set |
DE102015213896A1 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-26 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for coating a metallic tool and component |
EP2947203B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2022-07-13 | Smurfit Kappa Paper Holdings France | Use of cellulosic fibre pulp |
DE102016200912A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Wear protection element for a shredding device |
RU2649013C9 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-04-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева" (СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева) | Grinding tacking for disk mill |
RU2652177C2 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-04-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева" (СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева) | Disc mill grinding headset |
WO2018009954A1 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-18 | Flsmidth A/S | Composite ceramic-polyurethane disc for ufg mills |
US11141735B2 (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2021-10-12 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Refiner plate with wave-like groove profile |
RU2649595C1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева" (СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева) | Grinding headset |
RU2670523C1 (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-10-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева" (СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева) | Grinding filling for disk mill |
US11643779B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-05-09 | Andritz Inc. | Refiner plate having grooves imparting rotational flow to feed material |
KR102196593B1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-31 | 주식회사 다산환경 | System for producing recycled aggregates from construction waste |
KR102196591B1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-31 | 주식회사 다산환경 | Mill for the producing of recycled aggregate from construction waste |
DE102020127783A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-28 | Aikawa Fiber Technologies Inc. | Refiner set with knives coated in variable thickness |
DE102021132158A1 (en) | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-07 | Aikawa Fiber Technologies Inc. | Refiner filler with multiple coatings on rods |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0634522A1 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-01-18 | Technogenia S.A. | Defibrating- or refining disk for paper pulp and process for making the same |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3104837A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1963-09-24 | Bauer Bros Co | Self cleaning refiner plate |
US3462089A (en) * | 1966-12-21 | 1969-08-19 | Texas Instruments Inc | Mechanical defibering means |
CH592477A5 (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1977-10-31 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | |
CA1151926A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1983-08-16 | Macmillan Bloedel Limited | Refiner plates |
US4372495A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1983-02-08 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Process and apparatus for comminuting using abrasive discs in a disc refiner |
US4951888A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1990-08-28 | Sprout-Bauer, Inc. | Refining element and method of manufacturing same |
US5039022A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-08-13 | Kamyr Ab | Refiner element pattern achieving successive compression before impact |
US5046672A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1991-09-10 | Beloit Corporation | Refiner plate groove configuration |
FR2667804B1 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1995-02-10 | Technogenia Sa | ANTI-ABRASION SURFACE PLATE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. |
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 FR FR9404667A patent/FR2718469B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 DE DE69504490T patent/DE69504490T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-07 WO PCT/FR1995/000452 patent/WO1995027822A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-07 JP JP7526127A patent/JPH10506686A/en active Pending
- 1995-04-07 US US08/721,992 patent/US5836525A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-07 AU AU23113/95A patent/AU2311395A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-07 AT AT95916728T patent/ATE170578T1/en active
- 1995-04-07 EP EP95916728A patent/EP0754259B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-10-07 FI FI964013A patent/FI108868B/en active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0634522A1 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-01-18 | Technogenia S.A. | Defibrating- or refining disk for paper pulp and process for making the same |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104343034A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-11 | 臧田良 | Abrasive sheet for abrasive disc of pulping machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0754259A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
FR2718469A1 (en) | 1995-10-13 |
FR2718469B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 |
FI964013A0 (en) | 1996-10-07 |
JPH10506686A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
US5836525A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
FI108868B (en) | 2002-04-15 |
FI964013A (en) | 1996-10-07 |
AU2311395A (en) | 1995-10-30 |
ATE170578T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
WO1995027822A1 (en) | 1995-10-19 |
DE69504490T2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
DE69504490D1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0754259B1 (en) | Refiner filling | |
BE1015000A5 (en) | Turning drill and method of realization. | |
EP0459916B1 (en) | Carbon-carbon composite material friction elements having a differential texture, processes and devices for their fabrication | |
EP1993786B1 (en) | Fine fettling wheel, use of said wheel, and method for producing the same | |
EP0333244B1 (en) | Sound insulating and/or vibration-damping cover, element incorporating such a cover, and method of applying the latter | |
CA2126517C (en) | Pulp defibration or preparation plate, and process using said plate | |
FR2721251A1 (en) | Multilayer absorbent paper sheet, its manufacturing process. | |
FR2534608A1 (en) | SCRAPER | |
FR2925897A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PIECES WITH INSERT IN METALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIAL | |
JPH09111683A (en) | Plate for refiner | |
EP0480851B1 (en) | Plate with abrasion resistant surface and method of manufacturing same | |
FR2759017A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR CREATING THIN ABSORBENT PAPER | |
FR2516550A1 (en) | FLAME THERMAL SPRAY MATERIAL | |
JP2007521421A (en) | Tool with an edge and method for manufacturing the same | |
CA2710870A1 (en) | Security paper | |
FR2908791A1 (en) | Refining element for refining e.g. paper fiber, has blades or teeth fixed on plate, where element is made from sheet that is issued from rolling equipment and is cut according to desired shape of element | |
EP3025977B1 (en) | Method for producing a container in the form of a can with an inner protection layer | |
FR2600551A1 (en) | Wear-resistant perforated sheet, especially for filter screens and drums | |
CH513088A (en) | Ceramic coating | |
JPH02200763A (en) | Member for refiner | |
KR20060073615A (en) | Creping blade | |
FR2661866A1 (en) | Multilayer friction element made of carbon-carbon composite material having a differential texture, and its method of manufacture | |
WO2022096833A1 (en) | Method for producing a security document | |
OA21257A (en) | Process for producing a security document. | |
FR2689148A1 (en) | Cylindrical sieve for paper pulp purifier and its manufacturing process. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19961009 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE GB IT LI SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970221 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE GB IT LI SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 170578 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19980915 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69504490 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19981008 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19981110 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010330 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20010402 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20010402 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20010402 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20010731 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020407 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020407 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020408 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021101 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 95916728.9 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020407 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050407 |