EP0748265B1 - Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel - Google Patents

Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748265B1
EP0748265B1 EP95941627A EP95941627A EP0748265B1 EP 0748265 B1 EP0748265 B1 EP 0748265B1 EP 95941627 A EP95941627 A EP 95941627A EP 95941627 A EP95941627 A EP 95941627A EP 0748265 B1 EP0748265 B1 EP 0748265B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
melt
flow
stator
inductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95941627A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0748265A1 (en
Inventor
Raimund Brückner
Rick Ardell
Bernhard Schiefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Didier Werke AG
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Didier Werke AG
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Publication of EP0748265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0748265A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control and closure device for a metallurgical Vessel in which a rotor is arranged in a stator arranged in a vessel wall is rotatably supported, the stator and the rotor by rotating to cover have bringable flow openings and in the rotor a flow channel for Melt exists.
  • melt in the area of this facility is not provided.
  • the melt can have a temperature that is too low for undisturbed operation accept.
  • the melt can freeze between sealing surfaces exist in the vicinity of the flow openings.
  • DE 44 05 082 A1 describes an electromagnetic flow control device (EMC) with a nozzle in combination with an on / off valve, namely one Slide closure. Since the nozzle is made of electrically non-conductive material, couples the melt in it, but the nozzle itself to the electromagnetic one Field of the coil does not appear. The electromagnetic field should be in the slide lock for melting, couple to the melt which may have solidified there. There the slide is far outside the field of the coil, this is hardly, at best to be reached very delayed.
  • EMC electromagnetic flow control device
  • the coupling of the melt for the purpose of flow regulation is always included a temperature increase in the melt. A throttling of the However, the melt flow is not independent of the heating of the Melt possible.
  • the object of the invention is a control and closure device of the beginning to propose the type mentioned, in which the throttling or regulating and Sealing a melt flow from a vessel with a heating option the melt is integrated.
  • the heating should preferably be independent of the Control or closure function take place.
  • the above object is the control and closure device type mentioned in that the rotor is surrounded by an inductor is at the field of the melt in the flow channel or the rotor can be coupled electromagnetically.
  • the melt flow can be throttled by turning the rotor and interruptible and the melt can be heated so that it does not freeze or after a possible freeze can be melted or reheated if necessary.
  • the melt heated by heat transfer from the rotor If the rotor couples to the electromagnetic field, then the melt heated by heat transfer from the rotor.
  • the throttling and closing takes place independently of the heating by turning the rotor.
  • melt flow can also be controlled by turning the rotor.
  • a stator (1) made of refractory, ceramic material is in a vessel bottom (2) of a metallurgical vessel.
  • the stator (1) has at least one side a flow opening (3) which opens into the interior of the vessel.
  • a hollow cylindrical rotor (4) rotatable about a vertical axis (A).
  • the rotor (4) has at least one corresponding to the flow opening (3)
  • Flow opening (5) in the existing in the rotor (4), coaxial Flow channel (6) opens.
  • the rotor (4) is enclosed by an inductor (11) which is cooled by a electromagnetic coil is formed.
  • the Inductor (11) built into the vessel bottom (2) which is a special one for this Perforated stone can have.
  • the stator (1) consists of both embodiments an electrically non-conductive, refractory, ceramic material.
  • the rotor (4) is made of an electric conductive, refractory, ceramic material, such as a resin-bound, high alumina material.
  • the rotor (4) not, however, or only insignificantly, the one flowing through the flow channel (6) Melt, thereby coupling to the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11).
  • the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 is as follows:
  • the rotor (4) is in itself for throttling and shutting off the melt flow rotated in a known manner around the axis (A). Regardless, can on the Melt temperature are affected.
  • the inductor (11) switched on, whereby the rotor (4) is heated.
  • the heat of the rotor (4) is transferred to the melt in the by heat conduction and / or heat radiation Flow channel (6) and in the flow opening (5).
  • the melt temperature leaves thereby increasing in a desired manner, which among other things also it is avoided that melt freezes between the sealing surfaces (7). Is in the Closed position of the rotor (4) approximately melt between the sealing surfaces (7) solidifies, then it can be melted by switching on the inductor (11).
  • the rotor (4) is in contrast to Embodiment according to Figure 1 from an electrically non-conductive, refractory, ceramic material, such as zirconium oxide.
  • the rotor (4) does not couple to it electromagnetic field of the inductor (11).
  • the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 is as follows:
  • the melt flow can be throttled and shut off by turning the rotor (4).
  • the inductor (11) If the inductor (11) is switched on, its electromagnetic field acts directly on the melt in the flow channel (6) and in the flow openings (5, 3). This on the one hand has a narrowing of the melt flow cross section and thus Throttling the melt flow and on the other hand heating the Melt.
  • the throttling effect is due to the displacement body (12) reinforced.
  • the regulation of the melt flow can be here through the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11) alone and in addition, if necessary Turning the rotor (4) can be reached.
  • the displacement body (12) is for this not absolutely necessary.
  • Heating the melt ensures that it does not freeze can.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Regel- und Verschlußeinrichtung für ein metallurgisches Gefäß, bei der in einem in einer Gefäßwandung angeordneten Stator ein Rotor drehbar gelagert ist, wobei der Stator und der Rotor durch Drehen zur Deckung bringbare Durchflußöffnungen aufweisen und im Rotor ein Durchlaufkanal für die Schmelze besteht.The invention relates to a control and closure device for a metallurgical Vessel in which a rotor is arranged in a stator arranged in a vessel wall is rotatably supported, the stator and the rotor by rotating to cover have bringable flow openings and in the rotor a flow channel for Melt exists.

Eine derartige Einrichtung ist in der EP 0 361 052 B1 beschrieben. Eine Beheizung der Schmelze im Bereich dieser Einrichtung ist nicht vorgesehen. In Grenzfällen kann die Schmelze zonal eine für den ungestörten Betrieb zu niedrige Temperatur annehmen. Beispielsweise kann die Schmelze zwischen Dichtflächen einfrieren, die in der Umgebung der Durchflußöffnungen bestehen.Such a device is described in EP 0 361 052 B1. A heater the melt in the area of this facility is not provided. In borderline cases the melt can have a temperature that is too low for undisturbed operation accept. For example, the melt can freeze between sealing surfaces exist in the vicinity of the flow openings.

Die DE 44 05 082 A1 beschreibt eine elektromagnetische Durchflußregelvorrichtung (EMV) mit einer Düse in Kombination mit einem Ein/Aus-Ventil, nämlich einem Schieberverschluß. Da die Düse aus elektrisch nichtleitendem Material besteht, koppelt zwar die Schmelze in ihr, jedoch die Düse selbst an das elektromagnetische Feld der Spule nicht an. In dem Schieberverschluß soll das elektromagnetische Feld zum Aufschmelzen an die gegebenenfalls dort erstarrte Schmelze ankoppeln. Da der Schieber weit außerhalb des Feldes der Spule liegt, ist dies kaum, bestenfalls sehr zeitverzögert zu erreichen.DE 44 05 082 A1 describes an electromagnetic flow control device (EMC) with a nozzle in combination with an on / off valve, namely one Slide closure. Since the nozzle is made of electrically non-conductive material, couples the melt in it, but the nozzle itself to the electromagnetic one Field of the coil does not appear. The electromagnetic field should be in the slide lock for melting, couple to the melt which may have solidified there. There the slide is far outside the field of the coil, this is hardly, at best to be reached very delayed.

Das Ankoppeln der Schmelze zum Zwecke einer Durchflußregulierung ist immer mit einer Temperaturerhöhung der Schmelze verbunden. Ein Drosseln des Schmelzenflusses ist allerdings nicht unabhängig vom Aufheizen der Schmelze möglich.The coupling of the melt for the purpose of flow regulation is always included a temperature increase in the melt. A throttling of the However, the melt flow is not independent of the heating of the Melt possible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Regel- und Verschlußeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, bei der das Drosseln bzw. Regeln und das Verschließen eines Schmelzenflusses aus einem Gefäß mit einer Aufheizmöglichkeit der Schmelze integriert ist. Das Aufheizen soll vorzugsweise unabhängig von der Regel- bzw. Verschlußfunktion erfolgen.The object of the invention is a control and closure device of the beginning to propose the type mentioned, in which the throttling or regulating and Sealing a melt flow from a vessel with a heating option the melt is integrated. The heating should preferably be independent of the Control or closure function take place.

Erfindungsgemäß ist obige Aufgabe bei einer Regel- und Verschlußeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß der Rotor von einem Induktor umgeben ist, an dessen Feld die Schmelze im Durchlaufkanal oder der Rotor elektromagnetisch ankoppelbar ist.According to the invention, the above object is the control and closure device type mentioned in that the rotor is surrounded by an inductor is at the field of the melt in the flow channel or the rotor can be coupled electromagnetically.

Mit dieser Einrichtung ist der Schmelzenfluß durch Drehen des Rotors drosselbar und unterbrechbar und die Schmelze erwärmbar, so daß sie nicht einfriert oder nach einem etwaigen Einfrieren aufschmelzbar ist oder im Bedarfsfall nacherwärmbar ist. With this device, the melt flow can be throttled by turning the rotor and interruptible and the melt can be heated so that it does not freeze or after a possible freeze can be melted or reheated if necessary.

Koppelt der Rotor an das elektromagnetische Feld an, dann wird die Schmelze durch Wärmeübertragung vom Rotor erwärmt. Das Drosseln und Verschließen erfolgt unabhängig vom Erwärmen durch Drehen des Rotors.If the rotor couples to the electromagnetic field, then the melt heated by heat transfer from the rotor. The throttling and closing takes place independently of the heating by turning the rotor.

Koppelt die Schmelze selbst an das elektromagnetische Feld an, dann wird sie von diesem direkt erwärmt. Das Verschließen kann hiervon unabhängig durch Drehen des Rotors erfolgen. Eine Drosselfunktion ergibt sich durch die Einwirkung des elektromagnetischen Feldes. Diese kann durch einen Verdrängungskörper im Durchlaufkanal verstärkt werden. Zusätzlich kann der Schmelzenfluß auch durch Drehen des Rotors gesteuert werden.If the melt couples itself to the electromagnetic field, it will be from heated this directly. The locking can be done independently by turning of the rotor. A throttle function results from the action of the electromagnetic field. This can be achieved by a displacement body in the Flow channel to be reinforced. In addition, the melt flow can also can be controlled by turning the rotor.

Weitere vorteilhatte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der folgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Regel- und Verschlußeinrichtung an einem metallurgischen Gefäß im Schnitt und
Figur 2
eine Figur 1 entsprechende Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels.
Further advantageous refinements of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description of exemplary embodiments. The drawing shows:
Figure 1
a control and closure device on a metallurgical vessel in section and
Figure 2
a view corresponding to Figure 1 of another embodiment.

Ein Stator (1) aus feuerfestem, keramischem Material ist in einen Gefäßboden (2) eines metallurgischen Gefäßes eingesetzt. Der Stator (1) weist seitlich wenigstens eine Durchflußöffnung (3) auf, die in das Gefäßinnere mündet. In dem Stator (1) ist ein hohlzylindrischer Rotor (4) um eine vertikale Achse (A) drehbar gelagert. Der Rotor (4) weist wenigstens eine mit der Durchflußöffnung (3) korrespondierende Durchflußöffnung (5) auf, die in einen im Rotor (4) bestehenden, koaxialen Durchlaufkanal (6) mündet.A stator (1) made of refractory, ceramic material is in a vessel bottom (2) of a metallurgical vessel. The stator (1) has at least one side a flow opening (3) which opens into the interior of the vessel. In the stator (1) a hollow cylindrical rotor (4) rotatable about a vertical axis (A). Of the The rotor (4) has at least one corresponding to the flow opening (3) Flow opening (5) in the existing in the rotor (4), coaxial Flow channel (6) opens.

Zwischen dem Stator (1) und dem Rotor (4) bestehen in der Umgebung der Durchflußöffnungen (3,5) zylindrische Dichtflächen (7). Unterhalb der Dichtflächen (7) besteht ein Spielraum (8), der in einen Ringspalt (9) mündet, in welchen über eine Leitung (10) Inertgas eingeblasen werden kann.Between the stator (1) and the rotor (4) exist in the vicinity of the Flow openings (3,5) cylindrical sealing surfaces (7). Below the sealing surfaces (7) there is a scope (8) which opens into an annular gap (9) in which over a line (10) of inert gas can be blown in.

Durch Drehen des Rotors (4) im Stator (1) lassen sich die Durchflußöffnungen (3,5) mehr oder weniger zur Deckung bringen, wodurch der Schmelzenfluß vom Gefäßinneren in den Durchlaufkanal (6) mehr oder weniger gedrosselt und unterbrochen werden kann.By turning the rotor (4) in the stator (1), the flow openings (3,5) more or less to coincide, whereby the melt flow from More or less throttled inside the flow channel (6) and can be interrupted.

Der Rotor (4) ist von einem Induktor (11) umschlossen, der von einer gekühlten elektromagnetischen Spule gebildet ist. Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Induktor (11) in den Gefäßboden (2) eingebaut, der hierfür einen besonderen Lochstein aufweisen kann. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, den Induktor (11) im Stator (1) anzuordnen. Der Stator (1) besteht bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden, feuerfesten, keramischen Material. The rotor (4) is enclosed by an inductor (11) which is cooled by a electromagnetic coil is formed. In the embodiments, the Inductor (11) built into the vessel bottom (2), which is a special one for this Perforated stone can have. However, it is also possible to place the inductor (11) in the stator (1) to be arranged. The stator (1) consists of both embodiments an electrically non-conductive, refractory, ceramic material.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 ist der Rotor (4) aus einem elektrisch leitenden, feuerfesten, keramischen Material, beispielsweise einem harzgebundenen, hochtonerdehaltigen Material, hergestellt. Der Rotor (4), nicht jedoch oder nur unwesentlich die den Durchlaufkanal (6) durchströmende Schmelze, koppelt dadurch an das elektromagnetische Feld des Induktors (11) an.In the embodiment of Figure 1, the rotor (4) is made of an electric conductive, refractory, ceramic material, such as a resin-bound, high alumina material. The rotor (4), not, however, or only insignificantly, the one flowing through the flow channel (6) Melt, thereby coupling to the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11).

Die Funktionsweise des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 1 ist folgende:The mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 is as follows:

Zum Drosseln und Absperren des Schmelzenflusses wird der Rotor (4) in an sich bekannter Weise um die Achse (A) gedreht. Unabhängig davon kann auf die Schmelzentemperatur eingewirkt werden. Es wird hierzu der Induktor (11) eingeschaltet, wodurch der Rotor (4) erhitzt wird. Die Wärme des Rotors (4) überträgt sich durch Wärmeleitung und/oder Wärmestrahlung auf die Schmelze im Durchlaufkanal (6) und in der Durchflußöffnung (5). Die Schmelzentemperatur läßt sich dadurch in einer gewünschten Weise erhöhen, wodurch unter anderem auch vermieden ist, daß Schmelze zwischen den Dichtflächen (7) einfriert. Ist in der Schließstellung des Rotors (4) etwa Schmelze zwischen den Dichtflächen (7) erstarrt, dann läßt sie sich durch Einschalten des Induktors (11) aufschmelzen.The rotor (4) is in itself for throttling and shutting off the melt flow rotated in a known manner around the axis (A). Regardless, can on the Melt temperature are affected. For this purpose, the inductor (11) switched on, whereby the rotor (4) is heated. The heat of the rotor (4) is transferred to the melt in the by heat conduction and / or heat radiation Flow channel (6) and in the flow opening (5). The melt temperature leaves thereby increasing in a desired manner, which among other things also it is avoided that melt freezes between the sealing surfaces (7). Is in the Closed position of the rotor (4) approximately melt between the sealing surfaces (7) solidifies, then it can be melted by switching on the inductor (11).

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 besteht der Rotor (4) im Gegensatz zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden, feuerfesten, keramischen Material, wie Zirkonoxid. Der Rotor (4) koppelt also nicht an das elektromagnetische Feld des Induktors (11) an.In the embodiment of Figure 2, the rotor (4) is in contrast to Embodiment according to Figure 1 from an electrically non-conductive, refractory, ceramic material, such as zirconium oxide. The rotor (4) does not couple to it electromagnetic field of the inductor (11).

In den Durchlaufkanal(6) des Rotors (4) ist bei der Ausführung nach Figur 2 ein zentraler Verdrängungskörper (12) eingebaut. Im übrigen gleicht der Aufbau dem der Figur 1. In the run-through channel (6) of the rotor (4) in the embodiment according to FIG central displacement body (12) installed. Otherwise, the structure is the same of Figure 1.

Die Funktionsweise des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 2 ist folgende:The mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 is as follows:

Der Schmelzenfluß läßt sich durch Drehen des Rotors (4) drosseln und absperren.The melt flow can be throttled and shut off by turning the rotor (4).

Wird der Induktor (11) eingeschaltet, dann wirkt sein elektromagnetisches Feld direkt auf die Schmelze im Durchlaufkanal (6) und in den Durchflußöffnungen (5, 3). Dies hat einerseits eine Verengung des Schmezenflußquerschnittes und damit Drosselung des Schmelzenstromes und andererseits eine Erhitzung der Schmelze zur Folge. Die Drosselwirkung ist durch den Verdrängungskörper (12) verstärkt. Die Regelung des Schmelzenflusses kann hier also durch das elektromagnetische Feld des Induktors (11) allein und im Bedarfsfall zusätzlich durch Drehen des Rotors (4) erreicht werden. Der Verdrängungskörper (12) ist hierfür nicht unbedingt notwendig.If the inductor (11) is switched on, its electromagnetic field acts directly on the melt in the flow channel (6) and in the flow openings (5, 3). This on the one hand has a narrowing of the melt flow cross section and thus Throttling the melt flow and on the other hand heating the Melt. The throttling effect is due to the displacement body (12) reinforced. The regulation of the melt flow can be here through the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11) alone and in addition, if necessary Turning the rotor (4) can be reached. The displacement body (12) is for this not absolutely necessary.

Durch die Erwärmung der Schmelze ist gewährleistet, daß diese nicht einfrieren kann.Heating the melt ensures that it does not freeze can.

Im Gegensatz zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1, besteht beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 eine Abhängigkeit zwischen der Drosselwirkung und der Erwärmung der Schmelze von dem ankoppelnden elektromagnetischen Feld.In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 1, the Embodiment according to Figure 2 a dependency between the throttle effect and the heating of the melt from the coupling electromagnetic Field.

Claims (4)

  1. Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel in which a rotor is rotatably mounted in a stator disposed in a vessel wall, the stator and the rotor having flow openings which may be moved into registry by rotation and there being a flow passage in the rotor for the melt, characterised in that the rotor (4) is surrounded by a conductor (11), with the electromagnetic field of which the melt in the flow passage (6) or the rotor may be electromagnetically coupled.
  2. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the inductor (11) is disposed in the vessel wall (2) or in the stator (1).
  3. Device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rotor (4) comprises an electrically conductive, refractory, ceramic material, such as resin bonded, high alumina material, so that the rotor (4) couples with the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11), but the melt does not, whereby the rotor (4) transmits heat to the melt.
  4. Device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that arranged in the flow passage (6) there is a central displacement body (12), which augments the flow control of the melt subjected to the electromagnetic field of the inductor (11), whereby closing is effected by rotation of the rotor (4) in the stator (1).
EP95941627A 1995-01-02 1995-11-25 Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel Expired - Lifetime EP0748265B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19500012 1995-01-02
DE19500012A DE19500012A1 (en) 1995-01-02 1995-01-02 Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel
PCT/EP1995/004649 WO1996020801A1 (en) 1995-01-02 1995-11-25 Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748265A1 EP0748265A1 (en) 1996-12-18
EP0748265B1 true EP0748265B1 (en) 1998-06-03

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EP95941627A Expired - Lifetime EP0748265B1 (en) 1995-01-02 1995-11-25 Control and closure device for a metallurgical vessel

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US (1) US5690854A (en)
EP (1) EP0748265B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09510921A (en)
CN (1) CN1054560C (en)
BR (1) BR9506609A (en)
CA (1) CA2182606A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19500012A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2119506T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1996020801A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA9612B (en)

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DE4136066A1 (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-05-06 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden, De Outlet improved arrangement for metallurgical vessel - comprises sleeve and surrounding cooled induction coil of truncated conical form, with oil axially adjustable to vary gap to freeze or melt metal
US5350159A (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-09-27 Westinghouse Electric Corporation On/off valve apparatus for use in conjunction with electromagnetic flow control device controlling the flow of liquid metal through an orifice

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5690854A (en) 1997-11-25
ES2119506T3 (en) 1998-10-01
BR9506609A (en) 1997-09-09
DE19500012A1 (en) 1996-07-04
WO1996020801A1 (en) 1996-07-11
ZA9612B (en) 1996-07-10
JPH09510921A (en) 1997-11-04
CA2182606A1 (en) 1996-07-11
CN1139397A (en) 1997-01-01
DE59502411D1 (en) 1998-07-09
CN1054560C (en) 2000-07-19
EP0748265A1 (en) 1996-12-18

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