EP0379647A2 - Refractory nozzle and induction coil therefor - Google Patents

Refractory nozzle and induction coil therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0379647A2
EP0379647A2 EP89119300A EP89119300A EP0379647A2 EP 0379647 A2 EP0379647 A2 EP 0379647A2 EP 89119300 A EP89119300 A EP 89119300A EP 89119300 A EP89119300 A EP 89119300A EP 0379647 A2 EP0379647 A2 EP 0379647A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
refractory
molten metal
ceramic material
primary coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89119300A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0379647A3 (en
EP0379647B1 (en
Inventor
Raimund Brückner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Didier Werke AG
Original Assignee
Didier Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Didier Werke AG filed Critical Didier Werke AG
Priority to AT89119300T priority Critical patent/ATE94791T1/en
Publication of EP0379647A2 publication Critical patent/EP0379647A2/en
Publication of EP0379647A3 publication Critical patent/EP0379647A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0379647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0379647B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/367—Coil arrangements for melting furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory connection between a vessel containing a molten metal and an extraction device for the molten metal, in particular a refractory spout for molten steel.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a refractory spout of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages mentioned are reliably avoided.
  • the spout inner wall consists entirely or partially of ceramic material which is electrically conductive at at least the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and can be inductively heated by means of a primary coil, or has such a material.
  • the required conductivity should expediently begin at least at the temperature and should at least continue until the liquidus temperature of the molten metal or above which the pouring inner wall is heated by the molten metal itself.
  • Induction furnaces are known per se in which the wall of the heating chamber is heated by means of an induction coil surrounding it (cf. e.g. GB 2 121 028 A).
  • the induction coils known per se are supplied with a completely new application and thereby undesirable freezing of molten metal in a refractory spout and undesirable deposits from the molten metal are reliably avoided by inductively heating the pouring wall to the required temperature or keeping it there , in which the entire adverse side effects are avoided.
  • the spout does not consist of the electrically conductive ceramic material over its entire length, but only over a longitudinal section of the spout wall, and if the induction coil is assigned to this longitudinal section.
  • inductively heatable ceramic material one which is or has ZrO2 is particularly suitable in the context of the invention. Such materials have already proven themselves as sheathing induction coils and have excellent erosion and corrosion resistance against molten metal.
  • the ZrO2 is stabilized by means of Y2O3, CaO and / or MgO.
  • the primary coil itself can also consist of ceramic material, which is particularly advantageous if cooling for energy reasons is to be dispensed with.
  • the primary coil can advantageously be part of the pouring wall itself, for example embedded in it.
  • the output of the primary coil can be regulated, the heating temperature can be changed to regulate the temperature of the molten metal and / or to prevent or remove deposits from the molten metal.
  • the frequency range should expediently be in the order of 3 to 10 MHz.
  • the invention relates to a novel, at least one primary coil inductor for heating electrically conductive material, in particular electrically conductive, ceramic material or components made therefrom. According to the invention, it is distinguished by the fact that its coil consists of an electrically conductive ceramic material. This solves the problem on economical way to operate an induction coil permanently. As with metal coils, cooling is not required.
  • Such an induction coil can be used according to a further proposal of the invention for inductively heating components of the electrically conductive material, in particular tubular components, preferably connections between a vessel containing molten metal and a withdrawal device, such as refractory spouts of the type described above.
  • the coil preferably encloses the component or is integrated in its wall.
  • the refractory spout for a continuous caster according to FIG. 1 has a spout inner wall 1 which encloses a flow channel 3. At a distance, the spout inner wall 1, in this case over its entire length L, is surrounded by a primary coil 4.
  • the primary coil 4 in turn is provided with a metallic shield 5 against stray radiation, which can be cooled.
  • the space 7 delimited by the shield 5 and the outer wall surface 6 of the pouring inner wall 1 can be filled with a thermally insulating material, for example a ZrO2 granulate.
  • the primary coil 4 can be connected to a frequency-dependent current source with controllable power.
  • the inner wall surface 2 of the spout inner wall 1 delimiting the flow channel 3 can be heated to the required extent in a controlled manner or can be kept at the desired temperature after the wall has been heated by the molten metal flowing through it, in order to avoid freezing of the molten metal.
  • the inner wall 2 can have a layer or casing that is electrically insulating from the molten steel.
  • the primary coil 4 also extends over the entire length L of the spout inner wall 1, in contrast to FIG. 1, however, it is embedded in the stronger spout inner wall 1 itself.
  • the optionally cooled metal shield 5 is here directly on the outer wall surface 6 of the inner wall 1.
  • the inner wall 2 can also have a layer or casing which is electrically insulating from the molten steel.
  • the primary coil 4 can be arranged such that its inducing magnetic field is directed parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the spout.
  • the primary coil 4 itself can consist of electrically conductive ceramic material, so that cooling of the coil itself is unnecessary.
  • An arrangement equipped with such a coil 4 can also be used for other heating purposes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a refractory nozzle between a vessel containing a metal melt and a withdrawal device for the metal melt, in particular a refractory outlet for molten steel. <??>To avoid the metal melt freezing in and to avoid deposits of constituents of the metal melt on the inner surface (2) of the wall of the outlet, the invention essentially proposes that the inner wall (1) of the outlet be composed completely or partially of a ceramic material which is electrically conductive at least at the liquidus temperature of the metal melt and can be inductively heated by means of an induction coil (4), or contains such a material. The invention also relates to the particular design of an induction coil (4) which is economic to use for this purpose or, indeed, in another context.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine feuerfeste Verbindung zwischen einem eine Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefäß und einer Abzugsvorrichtung für die Metallschmelze, insbesondere feuerfesten Ausguß für Stahlschmelze.The invention relates to a refractory connection between a vessel containing a molten metal and an extraction device for the molten metal, in particular a refractory spout for molten steel.

Bei derartigen Ausgüssen besteht insbesondere dann, wenn es um das Stranggießen von Metallschmelze, z.B. Stahlschmelze, in Kokillen für dünne Brammen geht, wegen der verhältnismäßig geringen Querschnitte der Ausgüsse das Problem des Einfrierens der metallschmelze und des Zuschmierens aufgrund unerwünschter Ablagerungen, wie Tonerdeablagerungen aus der Metallschmelze.With such spouts there is particularly when it comes to the continuous casting of molten metal, e.g. Melting steel, in molds for thin slabs, because of the relatively small cross sections of the spouts, the problem of freezing the molten metal and smearing due to undesirable deposits, such as alumina deposits from the molten metal.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen feuerfesten Ausguß der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem die genannten Nachteile zuverlässig vermieden sind.The object of the present invention is to provide a refractory spout of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages mentioned are reliably avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß die Ausgußinnenwandung ganz oder teilweise aus bei mindestens Liquidus-Temperatur der Metallschmelze elektrisch leitfähigem, mittels einer Primärspule induktiv aufheizbaren keramischen Material besteht bzw. ein solches Material aufweist.This object is essentially achieved in that the spout inner wall consists entirely or partially of ceramic material which is electrically conductive at at least the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and can be inductively heated by means of a primary coil, or has such a material.

Hierdurch ist es möglich, mittels der induktiven Aufheizung in den erforderlichen Bereichen des Ausgusses, welcher z.B. von der hindurchströmenden Metallschmelze bereits aufgeheizt worden ist, ein Einfrieren der Metallschmelze bzw. unerwünschte Ablagerungen auf wirtschaftliche Weise zu vermeiden. Die erforderliche Leitfähigkeit sollte zweckmäßigerweise mindestens bereits bei der Temperatur einsetzen und darüber wenigstens bis zur Liquidus-Temperatur der Metallschmelze oder darüber anhalten, auf welche die Ausgußinnenwandung von der Metallschmelze selbst aufgeheizt wird.This makes it possible to use inductive heating in the required areas of the spout, which e.g. has already been heated by the molten metal flowing through, to avoid freezing of the molten metal or undesirable deposits in an economical manner. The required conductivity should expediently begin at least at the temperature and should at least continue until the liquidus temperature of the molten metal or above which the pouring inner wall is heated by the molten metal itself.

Es sind an sich Induktionsöfen bekannt, bei welchen die Wandung der Heizkammer mittels einer diese umgebenden Induktionsspule aufgeheizt wird (vgl. z.B. GB 2 121 028 A).Induction furnaces are known per se in which the wall of the heating chamber is heated by means of an induction coil surrounding it (cf. e.g. GB 2 121 028 A).

Es ist auch bei einer Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Durchflusses einer Metallschmelze beim Stranggießen an sich bekannt (vgl. EP 0 155 575 B1), eine elektromagnetische Spule konzentrisch um das Gießrohr anzuordnen, um bei elektrischer Beaufschlagung der Spule eine elektromagnetische Einschnürung des Gießstrahles und damit einen reduzierten Durchflußquerschnitt zu erreichen. Dabei kann auch eine gewisse induktive Erwärmung der Metallschmelze im Wirkungsbereich der nur mit geringem Abstand um das Gießrohr angeordneten Spule eintreten. Hierdurch ist jedoch ein Einfrieren der Metallschmelze und eine unerwünschte Ablagerung von z.B. Tonerde auf der Innenfläche der Ausgußwandung nicht zu vermeiden.It is also known per se in a device for regulating the flow rate of a molten metal during continuous casting (cf. EP 0 155 575 B1) to arrange an electromagnetic coil concentrically around the pouring tube in order to constrict the casting jet and thus one when the coil is electrically acted on to achieve a reduced flow cross-section. A certain inductive heating of the molten metal can also occur in the effective range of the coil, which is arranged only a short distance around the pouring tube. In this way, however, freezing of the molten metal and undesired deposition of, for example, alumina on the inner surface of the pouring wall cannot be avoided.

Mit der Erfindung werden die an sich bekannten Induktionsspulen einer völlig neuen Anwendung zugeführt und dadurch unerwünschtes Einfrieren von Metallschmelze in einem feuerfesten Ausguß und unerwünschte Ablagerungen aus der Metallschmelze dadurch zuverlässig vermieden, daß die Ausgußwandung selbst induktiv auf die erforderliche Temperatur aufgeheizt bzw. auf dieser gehalten wird, bei welcher die gesamten nachteiligen Begleiterscheinungen vermieden sind.With the invention, the induction coils known per se are supplied with a completely new application and thereby undesirable freezing of molten metal in a refractory spout and undesirable deposits from the molten metal are reliably avoided by inductively heating the pouring wall to the required temperature or keeping it there , in which the entire adverse side effects are avoided.

Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen reicht es aus, wenn der Ausguß nicht über seine gesamte Länge, sondern nur über einen Längsabschnitt der Ausgußwandung aus dem elektrisch leitfähigen keramischen Material besteht oder dieses aufweist und die Induktionsspule diesem Längsabschnitt zugeordnet ist. Bei besonders langen Ausgüssen kann es dabei auch zweckmäßig sein, im Abstand voneinander zwei oder mehrere derartiger Längsabschnitte folgen zu lassen, so daß die Metallschmelze bei ihrem Durchfluß durch den Ausguß immer wieder auf die erforderliche Temperatur gebracht wird, bei welcher ein Einfrieren der Metallschmelze und eine Ablagerung von z.B. Tonerde verhindert.Under certain conditions, it is sufficient if the spout does not consist of the electrically conductive ceramic material over its entire length, but only over a longitudinal section of the spout wall, and if the induction coil is assigned to this longitudinal section. In the case of particularly long spouts, it may also be expedient to have two or more such longitudinal sections follow one another at a distance, so that the metal melt is repeatedly brought to the required temperature as it flows through the spout, at which a freezing of the metal melt and a Deposition of e.g. Prevents alumina.

Als elektrisch leitfähiges, induktiv aufheizbares keramisches Material bietet sich im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere ein solches an, welches ZrO₂ ist oder aufweist. Derartige Materialien haben sich bereits als Ummantelung von Induktionsspulen bewährt und weisen einen ausgezeichneten Erosions- und Korrosionswiderstand gegen Metallschmelze auf.As an electrically conductive, inductively heatable ceramic material, one which is or has ZrO₂ is particularly suitable in the context of the invention. Such materials have already proven themselves as sheathing induction coils and have excellent erosion and corrosion resistance against molten metal.

Für eine wirksame thermische Kopplung von elektromagnetischer spule und dem elektrisch leitfähigen, induktiv aufheizbaren keramischen Material ist es von Vorteil, wenn das ZrO₂ mittels Y₂O₃, CaO und/oder MgO stabilisiert ist.For an effective thermal coupling of the electromagnetic coil and the electrically conductive, inductively heatable ceramic material, it is advantageous if the ZrO₂ is stabilized by means of Y₂O₃, CaO and / or MgO.

Bei einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auch die Primärspule selbst aus keramischem Material bestehen, was insbesondere dann von Vorteil ist, wenn auf eine Kühlung aus Energiegründen verzichtet werden soll.In a special embodiment of the invention, the primary coil itself can also consist of ceramic material, which is particularly advantageous if cooling for energy reasons is to be dispensed with.

Dabei kann die Primärspule vorteilhafterweise Bestandteil der Ausgußwandung selbst, also beispielsweise in diese eingebettet sein.The primary coil can advantageously be part of the pouring wall itself, for example embedded in it.

Wenn die Primärspule gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung regelbar ist, kann die Aufheiztemperatur zur Regelung der Temperatur der Metallschmelze und/oder zur Verhinderung bzw. Beseitigung von Ablagerungen aus der Metallschmelze verändert werden.If, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the output of the primary coil can be regulated, the heating temperature can be changed to regulate the temperature of the molten metal and / or to prevent or remove deposits from the molten metal.

Für den hier vorliegenden Einsatzzweck sollte der Frequenzbereich zweckmäßigerweise in einer Größenordnung von 3 bis 10 MHz liegen.For the intended use here, the frequency range should expediently be in the order of 3 to 10 MHz.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen neuartigen, mindestens eine Primärspule aufweisenden Induktor zum Aufheizen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials, insbesondere elektrisch leitfähigen, keramischen Materials bzw. daraus hergestellter Bauteile. Er zeichnet sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch aus, daß seine Spule aus elektrisch leitfähigem keramischen Material besteht. Hierdurch wird die Aufgabe gelöst, auf wirtschaftliche Weise eine Induktionsspule dauerhaft betreiben zu können. Eine Kühlung ist wie bei metallenen Spulen nicht erforderlich.The invention relates to a novel, at least one primary coil inductor for heating electrically conductive material, in particular electrically conductive, ceramic material or components made therefrom. According to the invention, it is distinguished by the fact that its coil consists of an electrically conductive ceramic material. This solves the problem on economical way to operate an induction coil permanently. As with metal coils, cooling is not required.

Eine solche Induktionsspule kann man nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bauteilen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials, insbesondere von rohrförmigen Bauteilen, vorzugsweise von Verbindungen zwischen einem Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefäß und einer Abzugsvorrichtung, wie feuerfesten Ausgüssen der oben geschilderten Art anwenden. In solchen Fällen umschließt die Spule vorzugsweise das Bauteil oder ist in dessen Wandung integriert.Such an induction coil can be used according to a further proposal of the invention for inductively heating components of the electrically conductive material, in particular tubular components, preferably connections between a vessel containing molten metal and a withdrawal device, such as refractory spouts of the type described above. In such cases, the coil preferably encloses the component or is integrated in its wall.

Weitere Ziele, Merkmale, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger sinnvoller Kombination den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, auch unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Ansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung.Further objectives, features, advantages and possible applications result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. All of the described and / or illustrated features, alone or in any meaningful combination, form the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of how they are summarized in the claims or their relationship.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 schematisch einen die Erfindugn aufweisenden feuerfesten Ausguß im Vertikalschnitt, und
  • Figur 2 eine Schnittdarstellung entsprechend Figur 1 für eine andere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Ausgusses.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a refractory spout having the invention in vertical section, and
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view corresponding to Figure 1 for another embodiment of a spout according to the invention.

Der feuerfeste Ausguß für eine Stranggießanlage gemäß Figur 1 hat eine Ausgußinnenwandung 1, welche einen Durchflußkanal 3 umschließt. Im Abstand ist die Ausgußinnenwandung 1, in diesem Falle über ihre gesamte Länge L, von einer Primärspule 4 umgeben. Die Primärspule 4 ihrerseits ist mit einer metallischen Abschirmung 5 gegen Streustrahlung versehen, welche gekühlt sein kann. Der von der Abschirmung 5 und der Außenwandfläche 6 der Ausgußinnenwandung 1 begrenzte Raum 7 kann von einem thermisch isolierenden Material, beispielsweise einem ZrO₂-Granulat ausgefüllt sein. Die Primärspule 4 ist an eine fequenzabhängige Stromquelle mit regelbarer Leistung anschließbar. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die den Durchflußkanal 3 begrenzende Innenwandfläche 2 der Ausgußinnenwandung 1 in dem erforderlichen Maße geregelt aufheizen bzw. auf der gewünschten Temperatur nach einer Aufheizung der Wandung durch die hindurchströmende Metallschmelze halten, um ein Einfrieren der Metallschmelze zu vermeiden. Die Innenwandung 2 kann eine gegenüber der Stahlschmelze elektrisch isolierende Schicht bzw. Umhüllung aufweisen.The refractory spout for a continuous caster according to FIG. 1 has a spout inner wall 1 which encloses a flow channel 3. At a distance, the spout inner wall 1, in this case over its entire length L, is surrounded by a primary coil 4. The primary coil 4 in turn is provided with a metallic shield 5 against stray radiation, which can be cooled. The space 7 delimited by the shield 5 and the outer wall surface 6 of the pouring inner wall 1 can be filled with a thermally insulating material, for example a ZrO₂ granulate. The primary coil 4 can be connected to a frequency-dependent current source with controllable power. In this way, the inner wall surface 2 of the spout inner wall 1 delimiting the flow channel 3 can be heated to the required extent in a controlled manner or can be kept at the desired temperature after the wall has been heated by the molten metal flowing through it, in order to avoid freezing of the molten metal. The inner wall 2 can have a layer or casing that is electrically insulating from the molten steel.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2 erstreckt sich die Primärspule 4 ebenfalls über die gesamte Länge L der Ausgußinnenwandung 1, im Gegensatz zu Figur 1 ist sie jedoch in die stärker ausgebildete Ausgußinnenwandung 1 selbst eingebettet. Die gegebenenfalls gekühlte metallene Abschirmung 5 liegt hier unmittelbar an der Außenwandfläche 6 der Außgußinnenwandung 1 an. Auch bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2 kann die Innenwandung 2 eine gegenüber der Stahlschmelze elektrisch isolierende Schicht bzw. Umhüllung aufweisen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the primary coil 4 also extends over the entire length L of the spout inner wall 1, in contrast to FIG. 1, however, it is embedded in the stronger spout inner wall 1 itself. The optionally cooled metal shield 5 is here directly on the outer wall surface 6 of the inner wall 1. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the inner wall 2 can also have a layer or casing which is electrically insulating from the molten steel.

Die Primärspule 4 kann so angeordnet sein, daß ihr induzierendes Magnetfeld parallel bzw. senkrecht zur Achse des Ausgusses gerichtet ist.The primary coil 4 can be arranged such that its inducing magnetic field is directed parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the spout.

In beiden dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen kann die Primärspule 4 selbst aus elektrisch leitfähigem keramischen Material bestehen, so daß eine Kühlung der Spule selbst entbehrlich ist. Eine mit einer solchen Spule 4 ausgestattete Anordnung ist auch für andere Aufheizzwecke einsetzbar.In both of the exemplary embodiments shown, the primary coil 4 itself can consist of electrically conductive ceramic material, so that cooling of the coil itself is unnecessary. An arrangement equipped with such a coil 4 can also be used for other heating purposes.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

  • 1 Ausgußinnenwandung1 pouring spout
  • 2 Innenwandung2 inner wall
  • 3 Durchflußkanal3 flow channel
  • 4 Primärspule4 primary coil
  • 5 Abschirmung5 shielding
  • 6 Außenwandfläche6 outer wall surface
  • 7 Raum7 room
  • L LängenabschnittL length section

Claims (12)

1. Feuerfeste Verbindung zwischen einem eine Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefäß und einer Abzugsvorrichtung für die Metallschmelze, insbesondere feuerfester Ausguß für Stahlschmelze,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ausgußinnenwandung (1) ganz oder teilweise aus bei mindestens Liquidus-Temperatur der Metallschmelze elektrisch leitfähigem, mittels einer Primärspule (4) induktiv aufheizbaren keramischen Material besteht bzw. ein solches Material aufweist.1. Refractory connection between a vessel containing a molten metal and an extraction device for the molten metal, in particular a refractory spout for molten steel,
characterized,
that the spout inner wall (1) consists entirely or partially of ceramic material that is electrically conductive at at least the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and that can be inductively heated by means of a primary coil (4) or has such a material. 2. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein Längenabschnitt (L) der Ausgußinnenwandung (1) aus dem elektrisch leitfähigen keramischen Material besteht oder dieses aufweist und dieser Längenabschnitt (L) induzierbar ist.2. Refractory connection according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a length section (L) of the spout inner wall (1) consists of or has the electrically conductive ceramic material and this length section (L) is inducible. 3. Feuerfester Verbindung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das elektrisch leitfähige keramische Material ZrO₂ ist oder aufweist.3. Refractory connection according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the electrically conductive ceramic material is ZrO₂ or has. 4. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das ZrO₂ stabilisiert ist mittels CaO oder MgO oder insbesondere Y₂O₃.4. Refractory connection according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the ZrO₂ is stabilized by means of CaO or MgO or in particular Y₂O₃. 5. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Primärspule (4) aus elektrisch leitfähigem keramischen Material besteht.5. Refractory connection according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the primary coil (4) consists of electrically conductive ceramic material. 6. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Primärspule (4) Bestandteil der Ausgußinnenwandung (1) ist.6. Refractory connection according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the primary coil (4) is part of the pouring spout (1). 7. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Leistungsabgabe der Primärspule (4) mittels einer frequenzabhängigen Stromquelle regelbar ist.7. Refractory connection according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the power output of the primary coil (4) can be regulated by means of a frequency-dependent current source. 8. Feuerfeste Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Frequenz der Stromquelle in einer Größenordnung von 3 bis 10 MHz liegt.8. Refractory connection according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the frequency of the current source is in the order of 3 to 10 MHz. 9. Induktionsspule zum Aufheizen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials, insbesondere elektrisch leitfähigen keramischen Materials bzw. daraus bestehender Bauteile,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß seine Primärspule (4) aus elektrisch leitfähigem keramischen Material besteht.9. induction coil for heating electrically conductive material, in particular electrically conductive ceramic material or components consisting thereof,
characterized,
that its primary coil (4) consists of electrically conductive ceramic material. 10. Verwendung einer Induktionsspule nach Anspruch 9, zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bauteilen aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material, insbesondere von rohrförmigen Bauteilen, vorzugsweise von Verbindungen zwischen einem Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefäß und einer Abzugsvorrichtung für die Metallschmelze, wie feuerfesten Ausgüssen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.10. Use of an induction coil according to claim 9, for inductive heating of components made of electrically conductive material, in particular tubular components, preferably of connections between a vessel containing molten metal and a withdrawal device for the molten metal, such as refractory spouts according to one of claims 1 to 8. 11. Verwendung nach Anspruch 9, zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bauteilen aus elektrisch leitfähigem, insbesondere rohrförmigem, Material und/oder eines darin enthaltenen elektrisch leitfähigen Fluids, insbesondere Metallschmelze.11. Use according to claim 9, for inductive heating of components made of electrically conductive, in particular tubular, material and / or an electrically conductive fluid contained therein, in particular molten metal. 12. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11, zum Bewegen, insbesondere Transportieren des Fluids und/oder Mischen des Fluids.12. Use according to claim 11, for moving, in particular transporting the fluid and / or mixing the fluid.
EP89119300A 1988-12-19 1989-10-18 Refractory nozzle and induction coil therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0379647B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89119300T ATE94791T1 (en) 1988-12-19 1989-10-18 REFRACTORY CONNECTION AND INDUCTION COIL THEREOF.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842690A DE3842690C2 (en) 1988-12-19 1988-12-19 Refractory connection and induction coil therefor
DE3842690 1988-12-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379647A2 true EP0379647A2 (en) 1990-08-01
EP0379647A3 EP0379647A3 (en) 1991-03-13
EP0379647B1 EP0379647B1 (en) 1993-09-22

Family

ID=6369512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89119300A Expired - Lifetime EP0379647B1 (en) 1988-12-19 1989-10-18 Refractory nozzle and induction coil therefor

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US5052597A (en)
EP (1) EP0379647B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2884246B2 (en)
KR (1) KR900009184A (en)
CN (1) CN1043648A (en)
AT (1) ATE94791T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8906446A (en)
CA (1) CA2005657C (en)
DE (2) DE3842690C2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA898396B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992015413A1 (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-17 Mefos Stiftelsen För Metallurgisk Forskning A method and arrangement for purging molten metal in a container with the aid of a gas
FR2701225A1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-12 Seva Method of manufacturing a liquid metal heating member, heating member, its application and use
DE19607560A1 (en) * 1995-03-04 1996-09-12 Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr Method and equipment for maintaining the fluidity of high temperature melts
WO1997044152A1 (en) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Didier-Werke Ag Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof
WO1997047412A1 (en) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-18 Salzgitter Ag Casting nozzle for thin strip casting plants
EP1275452A2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-15 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Refractory nozzle
EP2486156A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2012-08-15 Wagstaff, Inc. Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE467241B (en) * 1990-06-01 1992-06-22 Sandvik Ab PROCEDURE FOR WEIGHTING OF METAL CONTENT IN A BOILER IN A PLANT BEFORE CASTING
DE4108153A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-17 Didier Werke Ag Refractory molded part and its use
DE4125916A1 (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-02-11 Didier Werke Ag METHOD FOR INDUCTINGLY HEATING CERAMIC MOLDED PARTS
US5339329A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-08-16 Armco Steel Company, L.P. Induction heated meniscus coating vessel
DE9320208U1 (en) * 1993-12-31 1994-03-31 Kalthoff Luftfilter und Filtermedien GmbH, 59379 Selm Multi-layer filter material
DE4428297A1 (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-15 Didier Werke Ag Refractory nozzle for pouring molten metal from a vessel
US5902509A (en) * 1995-07-25 1999-05-11 Dider-Werke Ag Method and apparatus for inductively heating a refractory shaped member
DE19526970C2 (en) * 1995-07-25 2000-11-16 Didier Werke Ag Process for induction heating of a refractory molded part
DE19651533C2 (en) * 1996-12-11 1999-01-14 Didier Werke Ag Process for the prevention of deposits in metallurgical vessels
KR100478646B1 (en) * 1996-12-26 2005-06-08 디지털 비디오 시스템스 인코퍼레이션 Sector Address Error Detector
US6425504B1 (en) 1999-06-29 2002-07-30 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. One-piece, composite crucible with integral withdrawal/discharge section
US6358466B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2002-03-19 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Thermal sprayed composite melt containment tubular component and method of making same
DE10150032C2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-11-20 Heraeus Electro Nite Int Fireproof spout
US6555801B1 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-04-29 Melrose, Inc. Induction heating coil, device and method of use
US7624597B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2009-12-01 Certainteed Corporation Insulation shielding for glass fiber making equipment
US7021084B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2006-04-04 Certainteed Corporation Insulation shielding for glass fiber making equipment
AU2003301029A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-22 Herman D. Branover Systems and methods of electromagnetic influence on electroconducting continuum
CA2673272A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2008-06-26 Novelis Inc. Method of and apparatus for conveying molten metals while providing heat thereto
CN103398588B (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-02-04 朱兴发 Underflow-type flow-controllable electric-heating graphite nozzle device of electromagnetic induction slag smelter
CN106475552B (en) * 2015-08-31 2018-06-26 鞍钢股份有限公司 Submerged nozzle for eliminating flocculation flow and use method
WO2017090819A1 (en) * 2015-11-27 2017-06-01 주식회사 포스코 Nozzle, casting device, and casting method
CN107520437A (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-29 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 A kind of temperature compensation means and its method of ladle long nozzle low overheat

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779073A (en) * 1952-10-27 1957-01-29 Jr Harry B Osborn Receptacle for molten metal
FR1525154A (en) * 1966-03-11 1968-05-17 Improvements to casting nozzles for continuous casting of metal or carbon steel in liquid state
DE2234127A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-01-24 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh VACUUM OR PROTECTIVE GAS OVEN FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES
JPS5820355A (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-02-05 Hitachi Ltd Producing device for fine wire
GB2121028A (en) * 1982-05-28 1983-12-14 Western Electric Co Induction furnace for drawing lightguide fibres from preforms
FR2609914A1 (en) * 1987-01-26 1988-07-29 Aubert & Duval Acieries Composite liquid-metal (pouring) spout, particularly for metal-spraying apparatus
EP0328316A2 (en) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-16 Shinagawa Shirorenga Kabushiki Kaisha Zirconia refractory heating element

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2673228A (en) * 1950-09-15 1954-03-23 Norton Co Induction furnace with high-temperature resistor
US3435992A (en) * 1966-03-11 1969-04-01 Tisdale Co Inc Pouring nozzle for continuous casting liquid metal or ordinary steel
JPS5564857A (en) * 1978-11-07 1980-05-15 Nippon Rutsubo Kk Preheating method for steeping nozzle for continuous casting
FR2532866B1 (en) * 1982-09-13 1985-06-07 Pont A Mousson INDUCTION HEATED CASTING CHANNEL
CH665369A5 (en) * 1984-03-07 1988-05-13 Concast Standard Ag METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF A METAL MELT IN CONTINUOUS CASTING, AND A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD.
US4946082A (en) * 1989-07-10 1990-08-07 General Electric Company Transfer tube with in situ heater

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779073A (en) * 1952-10-27 1957-01-29 Jr Harry B Osborn Receptacle for molten metal
FR1525154A (en) * 1966-03-11 1968-05-17 Improvements to casting nozzles for continuous casting of metal or carbon steel in liquid state
DE2234127A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-01-24 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh VACUUM OR PROTECTIVE GAS OVEN FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES
JPS5820355A (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-02-05 Hitachi Ltd Producing device for fine wire
GB2121028A (en) * 1982-05-28 1983-12-14 Western Electric Co Induction furnace for drawing lightguide fibres from preforms
FR2609914A1 (en) * 1987-01-26 1988-07-29 Aubert & Duval Acieries Composite liquid-metal (pouring) spout, particularly for metal-spraying apparatus
EP0328316A2 (en) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-16 Shinagawa Shirorenga Kabushiki Kaisha Zirconia refractory heating element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 7, Nr. 95 (M-209)[1240], 21. April 1983; & JP,A,58 020 355 (HITACHI SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 05-02-1983; Zusammenfassung. *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992015413A1 (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-17 Mefos Stiftelsen För Metallurgisk Forskning A method and arrangement for purging molten metal in a container with the aid of a gas
US5708257A (en) * 1993-02-08 1998-01-13 Seva Heating device for transfer of liquid metal and process for manufacturing the device
FR2701225A1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-12 Seva Method of manufacturing a liquid metal heating member, heating member, its application and use
WO1994017938A1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-18 Seva Method for producing a heating assembly for transferring liquid metal, heating assembly, application and use thereof
DE19607560A1 (en) * 1995-03-04 1996-09-12 Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr Method and equipment for maintaining the fluidity of high temperature melts
DE19607560C2 (en) * 1995-03-04 2001-05-17 Preussenelektra Kraftwerke Ag Device for conveying high temperature melts
US6156446A (en) * 1996-05-21 2000-12-05 Didier-Werke Ag Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof
WO1997044152A1 (en) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Didier-Werke Ag Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof
AU715986B2 (en) * 1996-06-07 2000-02-10 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Casting nozzle for thin strip casting plants
WO1997047412A1 (en) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-18 Salzgitter Ag Casting nozzle for thin strip casting plants
CN1072054C (en) * 1996-06-07 2001-10-03 曼内斯曼股份公司 Casting nozzle for thin strip casting plants
EP1275452A2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-15 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Refractory nozzle
EP1275452A3 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-12-10 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Refractory nozzle
US7028868B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2006-04-18 Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. Refractory nozzle
EP2486156A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2012-08-15 Wagstaff, Inc. Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations
EP2486156A4 (en) * 2009-10-08 2014-07-23 Wagstaff Inc Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations
CN106334788A (en) * 2009-10-08 2017-01-18 瓦格斯塔夫公司 Control pin and nozzle system for heated metal casting and distribution nozzle structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA898396B (en) 1990-07-25
US5054664A (en) 1991-10-08
KR900009184A (en) 1990-07-02
US5052597A (en) 1991-10-01
CA2005657A1 (en) 1990-06-19
JPH02274368A (en) 1990-11-08
ATE94791T1 (en) 1993-10-15
EP0379647A3 (en) 1991-03-13
BR8906446A (en) 1990-08-21
DE3842690A1 (en) 1990-06-21
CN1043648A (en) 1990-07-11
JP2884246B2 (en) 1999-04-19
DE58905694D1 (en) 1993-10-28
CA2005657C (en) 1999-06-15
DE3842690C2 (en) 1998-04-30
EP0379647B1 (en) 1993-09-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3842690C2 (en) Refractory connection and induction coil therefor
EP0155575B1 (en) Method of regulating the flow of an electrically conductive fluid especially of a molten bath of metal in continuous casting and an apparatus for carrying out the method
WO2010015687A1 (en) Tapping channel for draining iron and metal melts and liquid slags from metallurgical containers such as blast furnaces and melt furnaces
DE3427563A1 (en) DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVEL MEASUREMENT FOR METALLURGICAL VESSELS
DE3427268C2 (en) Device for determining the presence of metallic melt in a flow channel of a metallurgical furnace or a ladle
EP0138802A1 (en) Horizontal continuous casting mould
EP0915746A1 (en) Method, device and fireproof nozzle for the injection and/or casting of liquid metals.
DD208564A5 (en) TUBULAR GIESSMUNDSTUECK FOR A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM
EP0771239A1 (en) Process for the inductive heating of a fireproof moulding and a suitable moulding therefor
DE102006004637B4 (en) Inductively heatable skull crucible, melting plant and process for the continuous production of a molten glass
DE19651534C2 (en) Method, device and refractory pouring spout for pouring and / or pouring liquid metals
EP0363375B1 (en) Continuous casting device
EP0959997A2 (en) Method, device and closure member for casting on liquid casts
EP0180891B1 (en) Ring-shaped linear induction immerged pump for pumping liquid metal
DE20014593U1 (en) Pouring device of a melt vessel
DE10041418C1 (en) Outlet arrangement used for a vessel, e.g. an electric arc furnace for receiving a molten metal has a monolithic outlet body made from a refractory material coupled to the electromagnetic alternating field of an inductor
DE69619289T2 (en) Metallurgical immersion pipes
DE3105129A1 (en) EQUIPMENT OF TAPE HOLE OF A MELTING FURNACE FOR NON-METAL MATERIALS
EP1002601B1 (en) Hot chamber die casting machine
DE974053C (en) Coreless induction crucible furnace for mains frequency for melting light metals, especially magnesium
DE4214539C1 (en)
DE4038304A1 (en) CONTINUOUS CASTING DEVICE WORKING WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC LIFT
EP0492231A2 (en) Pouring tube for casting steel
EP0490264A1 (en) Channel type inductor with outer metallic casing
DE3511341A1 (en) Outlet nozzle for treatment vessels for metal melts, in particular steel melts

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891103

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920409

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 94791

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19931015

Kind code of ref document: T

ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 58905694

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19931028

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19930930

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3009327

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19940102

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19941001

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19941031

Year of fee payment: 6

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 89119300.5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19951018

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 19951025

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19960501

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19960501

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19961030

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19970430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: MM2A

Free format text: 3009327

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010925

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20011017

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20011023

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20011023

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20011023

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20011023

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20011219

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021018

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021018

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021031

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021031

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021031

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *DIDIER-WERKE A.G.

Effective date: 20021031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030501

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20021018

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030630

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051018