EP0740361B1 - Flachantennen-Anordnung - Google Patents
Flachantennen-Anordnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0740361B1 EP0740361B1 EP95119434A EP95119434A EP0740361B1 EP 0740361 B1 EP0740361 B1 EP 0740361B1 EP 95119434 A EP95119434 A EP 95119434A EP 95119434 A EP95119434 A EP 95119434A EP 0740361 B1 EP0740361 B1 EP 0740361B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- mobile radio
- sheet
- gps
- lamina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Definitions
- the invention relates to a flat antenna arrangement for mobile radio and for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS) with the im Preamble of the main claim specified generic features.
- the antenna combination according to the invention is used as put on, with the body of a motor vehicle connected module or as a module e.g. with holding magnets for releasable attachment. It is made from the GPS antenna for 1.575 GHz and optionally the antennas for mobile radio in the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz range educated.
- the outer slot arrangement is for mobile radio in the 900 MHz range and the internal arrangement used for GPS.
- the solution principle according to US 5 124 714 and DE 94 14 817 has a disadvantage: the concentric arrangement of the Antennas can only be used in the desired space-saving manner realize if you look at the fixed combination of two Frequencies - e.g. of the 900 MHz band only with the 1.575 GHz band or only with the 1.8 GHz band - limited.
- you can here is an antenna for mobile radio in the 1.8 GHz band and the GPS antenna because of the small differences in the dimensions of the antennas to be paired cannot be combined. That applies for the version with two slot antennas as well as if a stripline antenna for GPS just above a small one Ring slot antenna for 1.8 GHz is mounted. - the Stripline antenna with its ground area would Cover the ring slot antenna and hinder its field formation.
- the invention has for its object an antenna module for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS) and for mobile communications to create a stripline antenna for the GPS band optionally with a flat antenna for radio in the 900 MHz band and or or can be combined with such an antenna for 1.8 GHz can.
- GPS satellite-based vehicle navigation
- FIG. 1 shows two views of an antenna combination according to the invention, formed from the GPS antenna and an antenna for mobile radio in the 900 MHz range.
- the GPS antenna consists of a circuit board 1, as is also used for printed circuits, with the area-wide metallization 2 as the ground plane and the rectangular conductive surface segment (patch) 3 as the radiator area.
- the feed point 4 is located outside the center of the area because the GPS antenna works with circular polarization.
- the board 1 has a diameter of 85 mm and the radiator surface has an edge length of 50 mm.
- the effective edge length of the radiator surface corresponds to 1/2 the operating wavelength ⁇ G of the GPS frequency, and the geometric dimension depends in practice on the shortening factor associated with the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the board material.
- the ground surface 2 of the GPS antenna must in this version of the underlying antenna, e.g. through an air gap of at least 2 mm wide or through a interposed foil made of dielectric material.
- the cellular antenna includes the sheet metal element 6 and the short-circuit element 7 in the present example, which together with the ground reference surface 8, for example the roof of a metal vehicle body, form a cavity resonator for the intended operating frequency, on the open sides of which field formation to the outside occurs with all-round radiation in the far field .
- the sheet metal element 6 is designed as a circular section with an opening angle of 90 ° and a radius of 90 mm.
- the edge dimension results from 1/4 of the mean operating wavelength ⁇ M of the radio frequency range.
- the dimension A between the sheet metal element 6 and the ground reference surface 8 should be at least 0.04 ⁇ M in order to ensure sufficient values of the efficiency and the bandwidth.
- the short-circuit element 7 is not directly with the sheet 8 of the body or an adequate one Ground surface connected. Serves as an intermediate and connecting link the thin metal base plate 9 of the antenna housing, on the also the means for mechanically holding the housing on the Substructure can be provided.
- the means for mechanically holding the housing on the Substructure can be provided.
- the distance between the base plate and the Body sheet is chosen to be as small as possible (less than 1 mm), because a good capacitive coupling between the two ground potentials must be guaranteed. You can do this in antenna modules according to the invention, for the detachable Fastening on the car roof can be designed, support, by arching the underside of the base plate 9 slightly concave and so that the body curvature is adapted approximately.
- antenna modules according to the invention which like the usual Roof antennas - e.g. Short rod antennas - over a hole in the Roof sheet to be fastened by screwing on, is used in the usual Established a galvanic ground connection. Through the The RF cables are then opened in the roof panel Antennas led into the vehicle interior.
- the outer conductors of the two coaxial cables 12 and 13 are each connected at the end of the exposed inner conductor section, at points 14 and 15, to the ground potential 2 and 8 and 9 effective for the respective antenna. At a distance of 1/4 ⁇ M , measured from the contact points 14, 15, they are again grounded at point 16.
- the influence of the relatively large ground area 2 of the GPS antenna on the field formation of the mobile radio antenna is neutralized to a certain extent: the circuit board 1 with the conductive surface 2 and the sheet metal element 6 are - so mainly for reasons of space - placed so close together that normally an exchange and thus the outflow of signal energy in a capacitive way between the ground surface 2 and the sheet metal element cannot be avoided.
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement that is surprising and represents advantageous continuation of the combination idea and above all to a simplified construction of the stripline GPS antenna leads.
- the relatively large area on both sides metallized board 1, as in the execution after FIG. 1 is used, replaced by a small disk la, which is only provided with the metallization 3 as the radiator surface.
- the additional dielectric 5 or the free distance between the board and the sheet metal element 6 are completely eliminated.
- the ground area for the stripline GPS antenna is at this embodiment uses the sheet metal element 6a of the radio antenna, that fulfills an additional function.
- the sheet metal element 6a is circular, and the board la with the radiator surface the GPS antenna is centered on it.
- the short-circuit element 7a is within the circumscribed circle of the sheet metal element 6a arranged in a lateral position.
- the short-circuit element 7a can - like the element 7 in Embodiment 1 - also from one or more pins or similar bodies are formed.
- a second ground contact 16 at a distance of 1/4 ⁇ M from the feed point 4 is required only for the feed line cable 12 of the GPS antenna.
- the dimensions of the individual components of the arrangement also correspond here to the characteristic proportions of the two antenna types which are oriented to the operating wavelength of the respective frequency range.
- the effective edge length of the surface segment 3 is ⁇ G / 2 for the GPS frequency.
- the circuit board material is to be selected such that the dimension d of the diagonal is smaller than the diameter D of the sheet metal element 6 a.
- FIG. 3 are - in addition to the embodiment of Figure 1 - Variants for positioning two mobile radio antennas in Combination with the GPS antenna shown.
- the components on the base plate are made with the one dielectric material existing hood 17 covered and closed moisture-proof.
- a cheap variant would be also, the entire assembly of molded parts from a curing Form foam, the outer contours of those of the hood 17th correspond.
- the foam would also be the antenna parts fix in their position permanently.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show radiation characteristics that with the combination of a GPS antenna with a cellular antenna for the 900 MHz band. The pictures speak for yourself. The measurements showed that the radiation diagrams, the one with the two antennas in a separate arrangement be obtained with which the combined arrangement of Antennas are identical, and above all none Differences in level can be determined.
- the performance of the antenna combination according to the invention is completely identical to one in the field of mobile communications conventional ⁇ / 4 long rod antenna.
- the result is +3 dBic - this is a stripline antenna this kind of common and satisfactory value.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
Eine rundstrahlende Funkantenne in Kombination mit der vertikal strahlenden GPS-Antenne läßt sich mit diesem Prinzip nicht verwirklichen.
- daß die GPS-Antenne auch mit einer Antenne des 1,8-GHz-Bands kombiniert werden kann und daß dabei für beide Antennen gute Strahlungsleistungen gewährleistet sind,
- daß Kombinationen der GPS-Antenne wahlweise mit einer beliebigen und auch mit beiden Mobilfunk-Antennen gleichzeitig möglich sind und
- daß dabei das Flachantennen-Prinzip und eine kompakte, flache Bauweise der Gesamtanordnung beibehalten wird.
- Figur 1.
- Kombination der GPS-Antenne mit einer Mobilfunk-antenne
- a) Seitenansicht und -schnitt in Sprengdarstellung
- b) Draufsicht, ohne Haube
- Figur 2.
- Antennenkombination mit vereinfachtem Aufbau
- a) Seitenansicht
- b) Draufsicht
- Figur 3.
- Varianten der Anordnung zweier Mobilfunkantennen in Kombination mit der GPS-Antenne
- Figur 4.
- Strahlungscharakteristik der GPS-Antenne bei 1,570 GHz im Vertikaldiagramm
- Figur 5.
- Strahlungscharakteristik einer Mobilfunkantenne bei 925 MHz im Vertikaldiagramm
- Figur 6.
- Strahlungscharakteristik der Mobilfunkantenne bei 925 MHz im Horizontaldiagramm
Die GPS-Antenne besteht aus einer Platine 1, wie sie auch für gedruckte Schaltungen verwendet wird, mit der flächengroßen Metallisierung 2 als Massefläche (ground plane) und dem rechteckigen leitenden Flächensegment (patch) 3 als Strahlerfläche. Der Speisepunkt 4 ist außerhalb des Flächen-Mittelpunkts angeordnet, weil die GPS-Antenne mit zirkularer Polarisation arbeitet.
Die Platine 1 hat einen Durchmesser von 85 mm und die Strahlerfläche eine Kantenlänge von 50 mm. Die wirksame Kantenlänge der Strahlerfläche entspricht 1/2 der Betriebswellenlänge λG der GPS-Frequenz, und das geometrische Maß hängt in der praktischen Realisierung von dem mit der relativen Dielektrizitätskonstante εr des Platinenmaterials verbundenen Verkürzungsfaktor ab. Die Kantenlänge von 50 mm ergibt sich bei einem εr = 4.
So ist der Durchmesser D = λM/4 und der Abstand A = 0,04 λM Die wirksame Kantenlänge des Flächensegments 3 beträgt λG/2 für die GPS-Frequenz. Für die geometrischen Abmessungen des Flächensegments 3 und damit der Platine la gilt, daß das Platinenmaterial so zu wählen ist, daß das Maß d der Diagonale kleiner als der Durchmesser D des Blechelements 6a ist.
- D = 80 mm
- A = 15 mm
- K = 25 mm
Claims (8)
- Flachantennen-Anordnung für Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, vorzugsweise bestehend aus einer Antenne für satellitengestützte Fahrzeugnavigation (GPS) und mindestens einer Antenne für Mobilfunk, die in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse auf einer leitenden Fläche größerer Ausdehnung, insbesondere auf einer Fahrzeugkarosserie, angeordnet sind, wobeidie GPS-Antenne vorzugsweise als Streifenleiter-Antenne mit Querstrahlung ausgebildet ist, bestehend aus einer Platte aus einem dielektrischen Material mit partieller Metallisierung,die Mobilfunk-Antenne Rundumcharakteristik im horizontalen Strahlungsdiagramm hat und die leitende Fläche größerer Ausdehnung für diese Antenne die Massebezugsfläche darstellt,die GPS-Antenne über der Mobilfunk-Antenne angeordnet ist undals Speiseleitungen für beide Antennen Koaxialkabel Verwendung finden,die Mobilfunkantenne aus einem Blechelement (6, 6', 6a) besteht, das mit einem Abstand (A, A') von 0,04 der mittleren Betriebswellenlänge der Funkfrequenz planparallel zur Massebezugsfläche (8) angeordnet ist und das im Bereich einer Seitenkante oder in seitlicher Position über mindestens ein Kurzschlußelement (7, 7a) und über eventuelle weitere Zwischenglieder in galvanischer Verbindung oder in kapazitiver HF-Kopplung mit der Massebezugsfläche (8) steht,die GPS-Antenne (1, 1a, 2, 3) aufliegend über der mindestens einen Antenne für Mobilfunk abgeordnet ist,der Innenleiter (10) des als Speiseleitung für die Mobilfunkantenne dienden Koaxialkabels (13, 13a) für einen Abschnitt in dem Raum unterhalb des Blechelements (6, 6', 6a) bis zur Massebezugsfläche (8) oder zu einer Bodenplatte (9) freiliegend ist, unddie Außenleiter der beiden Koaxialkabel (12, 13, 13a) jeweils an einem ersten Kontaktpunkt (14, 15), bis zu dem der Innenleiter hinter dem jeweiligen Speisepunkt (4, 11) jeder Antenne freigelegt ist, mit der für die jeweilige Antenne wirksamen Massefläche (8, 2, 6a) verbunden sind und vorzugsweise nochmals, mit einem Abstand zu den ersten Kontaktpunkten (14, 15) von 1/4 der mittleren Betriebswellenlänge λM der Mobilfunkantenne, an einem zweiten Kontaktpunkt (16) auf Masse gelegt sind.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine GPS-Antenne, die aus einer beidseitig metallisierten Platine (1) besteht, wobeidie eine Seite der Platine, als Massefläche (2), durchgängig metallisiert ist und die andere Seite, in Strahlungsrichtung, mit einer teilweisen Metallisierung in Form eines Flächensegments (patch) versehen ist, das die Strahlerfläche (3) bildet,die HF-wirksame Kantenlänge des Flächensegments (3) etwa 1/2 der mittleren Betriebswellenlänge λG der GPS-Frequenz beträgt,die Platine (1) so angeordnet ist, daß sie mit ihrer Massefläche (2) die Antenne oder die beiden Antennen für Mobilfunk flächig zumindest teilweise überdeckt,die Platine (1) mit einem Abstand von mindestens 2 mm oder unter Zwischenfügen von dielektrischem Material (5) mit dem Blechelement (6 oder 6') einer Mobilfunkantenne oder, wenn beide Mobilfunkantennen vorgesehen sind, mit dem höherragenden Blechelement (6) der Funkantenne für den niedrigeren Frequenzbereich verbunden ist, unddie Blechelemente (6, 6') vorzugsweise die Form eines Kreisausschnitts mit einem Öffnungswinkel von vorzugsweise 90° und einer radialen Kantenlänge von 1/4 der mittleren Betriebswellenlänge λM der jeweiligen Funkfrequenz haben.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine GPS-Antenne mit einer einseitig metallisierten Platine (la), wobeials Metallisierung die Strahlerfläche (3) aufgetragen ist,die Platine (la) die seitlichen Konturen und Abmessungen der Strahlerfläche (3) hat,die Platine (1a) zentrisch und ohne Spalt direkt auf dem Blechelement (6a) der Mobilfunkantenne aufliegt und das Blechelement (6a) gleichzeitig als Massefläche für die GPS-Antenne wirkt,das Blechelement (6a) vorzugsweise kreisförmig ist, mit einem Durchmesser (D) von etwa 1/4 λM für den zugehörigen Mobilfunk-Frequenzbereich, unddie relative Dielektrizitätskonstante εr des Materials der Platine (la) so gewählt ist, das das geometrische Maß (d) der Diagonale der Platine vorzugsweise kleiner als der Durchmesser (D) des Blechelements (6a) ist.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Kombination der GPS-Antenne mit zwei Mobilfunkantennen die Blechelemente (6, 6') vorzugsweise so positioniert sind, daß ihre Seitenkanten mit den Kurzschlußelementen (7, 7') einander zugewendet sind
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mechanischen und HF-Anschlüsse der Antennen als Steckverbindungen ausgeführt sind und in der Fertigung eine wahlweise Kombination der GPS-Antenne mit einer oder mit beiden Mobilfunkantennen auf einer universellen Bodenplatte (9) erlauben.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bodenplatte (9) mit wahlweise einer oder mit zwei Mobilfunkantennen als komplexes Spritzgußteil ausgeführt ist.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bodenplatte (9) auf ihrer der Fahrzeugkarosserie zugewendeten Seite vorzugsweise leicht konkav ausgebildet ist und daß Halterungselemente für die lösbare Befestigung so angeordnet sind, daß der Abstand zwischen der Bodenplatte (9) und dem Karosserieblech (8) minimal ist.
- Flachantennen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder die Kurzschlußelemente (7, 7a) als ein Steg oder als Metallstifte oder ähnliche Körper aus leitendem Material ausgebildet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19514556 | 1995-03-20 | ||
DE1995114556 DE19514556A1 (de) | 1995-04-20 | 1995-04-20 | Flachantennen-Anordnung |
DE19546010 | 1995-12-09 | ||
DE19546010A DE19546010A1 (de) | 1995-12-09 | 1995-12-09 | Flachantennen-Anordnung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0740361A1 EP0740361A1 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
EP0740361B1 true EP0740361B1 (de) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=26014491
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95119434A Expired - Lifetime EP0740361B1 (de) | 1995-04-20 | 1995-12-09 | Flachantennen-Anordnung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5706015A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0740361B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59501555D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2114717T3 (de) |
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-
1995
- 1995-12-09 ES ES95119434T patent/ES2114717T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-09 EP EP95119434A patent/EP0740361B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-09 DE DE59501555T patent/DE59501555D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-03-04 US US08/607,996 patent/US5706015A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2114717T3 (es) | 1998-06-01 |
EP0740361A1 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
US5706015A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
DE59501555D1 (de) | 1998-04-09 |
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