EP0706843B1 - Method and device for the production of curved workpieces - Google Patents

Method and device for the production of curved workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0706843B1
EP0706843B1 EP95112843A EP95112843A EP0706843B1 EP 0706843 B1 EP0706843 B1 EP 0706843B1 EP 95112843 A EP95112843 A EP 95112843A EP 95112843 A EP95112843 A EP 95112843A EP 0706843 B1 EP0706843 B1 EP 0706843B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extrusion
die
extrudate
force
workpiece
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EP95112843A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0706843A1 (en
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Matthias Prof. Dr. Kleiner
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WKW Engineering GmbH
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/12—Extruding bent tubes or rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
    • B21D11/14—Twisting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/04—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a movably-arranged forming menber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing curved Hollow profiles through a combination of extrusion presses and bending and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Extrusion processes for different materials are in many different ways Form known. Mainly come aluminum, copper alloys, but also steel and titanium are used. For the material Aluminum is the extrusion process in detail in the aluminum pocket book Pages 269 - 296 shown.
  • JP-A-03 047615 describes a method and an apparatus for Production of curved hollow profiles, whereby during the Bending a gas under pressure inside the Hollow profile is included. At a distance from the A guide member is arranged with a guide hole. By moving the guide member transversely to the extrusion direction there is a curvature of the hollow profile.
  • the object of the present invention is a method and to develop a device of the type mentioned that or with a simple means a defined curvature Extruded products in repeatable approximately predictable Way possible, even with complicated hollow profile cross sections the cross-sectional areas in the bent state compared to the cross-sectional areas of the straight profile should remain unchanged. Under "complex cross sections" especially those with large wall thickness differences, but also understood such profiles that have a small wall thickness have based on the circumscribing circle of the extruded profile.
  • any bending radii can act on the strand possible.
  • the workpiece experiences when exiting the die in a bending or shear load at the same temperature, whereby the stress distribution in the press channel of the extrusion die being affected.
  • the device according to the invention can also a ring shape of the workpiece can be generated.
  • the Forming tool brought into a suitable position and there fixed.
  • the workpiece can also have a constant Curvature or with an increasing or decreasing curvature as a coiled tubing or in spiral form.
  • multiple devices for bending the extruded profiles can also be used, however, one after the other Apply lateral forces to the extruded profile.
  • lateral forces to the extruded profile For example can be used to create spatially curved profiles several leadership roles on separate delivery devices one or more roller cages arranged one behind the other be combined.
  • the required forming force can be achieved by rolling as well can be applied to the profile using fixed tools. But there are also other active media such. B. gases, fluids or electric / magnetic fields for the generation of a suitable Forming force applicable. Instead of a forming roll or one Fixed sliding shoe must be used in the case of the use of active media the zone of influence of the active media is brought close to the workpiece must be, for example, when using electromagnetic A suitably shaped magnetic coil in immediate fields Be brought close to the strand.
  • the extrusion device consists of a stamp 1, a block sensor 2, in which the stamp 1 in the direction of the arrow is insertable, and a die 4, which is in Seen pressing direction against a crosshead 5 supports.
  • the bending radius R By moving the pressure roller 7 transversely to the direction of extrusion the bending radius R can be influenced. It is for the person skilled in the art can easily see how he can by a suitable Control or regulation position the pressure roller 7 or can orientate that a predetermined curvature achieved both in level and in spatial training becomes. This is not only the formation of the workpiece curvature on one level, but also in any room multiple changes in the feed direction possible, so very complex workpiece geometries with the device according to the invention are producible.
  • FIG. 2 a further embodiment of the extrusion and bending device according to the invention is shown.
  • a sliding surface 8 generating a transverse force is shown immediately following the die holder 5.
  • this can be adjustable or, as shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, can be arranged in a stationary manner. This allows curved structures to be produced in a simple manner.
  • a roller cage is used in a corresponding manner to apply the transverse force, so that depending on the positioning relative to the die, different deformations with radii R 1 and R 2 can be applied to the strand.
  • the device according to the invention it has now been possible to solve the manufacturing problems of curved problems in that the workpiece simultaneously with or immediately after the shaping Extrusion process deformed with a precisely controllable force becomes.
  • the workpieces leave with defines the curved longitudinal axis of the extrusion device, wherein the curvature of the workpiece can be adjusted in a defined manner in the longitudinal axis is.
  • the workpiece cross sections formed in the extrusion die 4 are influenced in such a way that they are not parallel to each other emerge from the die, but stand at an angle to each other, the size of the angle by the geometry and the Positioning or orientation of those applying the transverse force Device is determined.
  • the following is a procedure for determining the delivery route of the bending or guiding tool depending on the contour of the bent workpiece and the pressing path at a constant Radius shown.
  • the workpiece contour is specific to the geometric during manufacture Boundary conditions linked.
  • the contour has to be because of the manufacturing process match with the die and tangentially to the exit axis, d. H. stand perpendicular to the exit plane.
  • the infeed path z can be determined with the known distance a from the exit plane depending on the radius using the secant equation (see Figure 1);
  • the contour to be produced is generally described as a space curve in a coordinate system, so for any point on the one hand, the coordinates themselves are determined and continue with the methods of curve geometry a tangent vector for this point can be calculated. With this tangent vector, the according to the above conditions with the exit axis is identical, the delivery path of the guide tool can simple calculations can be determined. It is still possible to determine the length of the contour, so that the delivery path as Function of the press path can be specified.
  • the contour can for the control program of a manipulator or the like available as a function or as a table of values. In picture 2 is the geometric approach for any contour.
  • Figure 4 is the production of twisted profile sections shown.
  • the strand 15 emerging from the die 14 becomes inserted in a roller cage 16, the roller axis 17 around rotated an angle ⁇ relative to the vertical profile edge 18 is.
  • the hatched area 19 represents the profile opening in the die 14 is in a view against the pressing direction.
  • the roller cage is in front of the die by an angle ⁇ twisted against the orientation of the profile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The method for producing a bent workpiece by combined extrusion and bending is characterised by the fact that the workpiece is bent immediately after its exit from the die of the extrusion press by means of an appropriate tool (a guide roll, for example).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von gekrümmten Hohlprofilen durch eine Kombination von Strangpressen und Biegen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing curved Hollow profiles through a combination of extrusion presses and bending and an apparatus for performing the method.

Strangpreßverfahren für verschiedene Werkstoffe sind in vielfältiger Form bekannt. Hauptsächlich kommen Aluminium, Kupferlegierungen, aber auch Stahl und Titan zum Einsatz. Für den Werkstoff Aluminium ist das Strangpreßverfahren ausführlich im Aluminiumtaschenbuch Seite 269 - 296 dargestellt.Extrusion processes for different materials are in many different ways Form known. Mainly come aluminum, copper alloys, but also steel and titanium are used. For the material Aluminum is the extrusion process in detail in the aluminum pocket book Pages 269 - 296 shown.

Zu den typischen Strangpreßteilen zählen:

  • Bauteile in der Bauindustrie wie z. B. Fensterprofile, Handläufe an Brückengeländer und Treppenhäusern sowie Träger für Brückenkonstruktionen
  • im Waggonbau Konstruktionsprofile und Profilversteifungen in Differential- und Großprofilbauweise
  • in der Flugzeugindustrie Sitzschienen, Stringerprofile, Spanten, Fußbodenquerträger
  • in der Automobilindustrie Konstruktionselemente wie Fensterrahmen, Dachreling oder dekorative Bauteile wie Zierleisten und Blenden.
Typical extrusions include:
  • Components in the construction industry such. B. window profiles, handrails on bridge railings and stairwells and beams for bridge constructions
  • In wagon construction, construction profiles and profile stiffeners in differential and large profile construction
  • in the aircraft industry seat rails, stringer profiles, frames, floor cross members
  • in the automotive industry, construction elements such as window frames, roof rails or decorative components such as moldings and trims.

In den genannten Anwendungsfällen werden häufig auch gebogene Profile benötigt. Diese können in Form von Hohl- und Vollprofilen eingesetzt werden, wobei in zunehmender Weise auch multifunktionale Konstruktionselemente benötigt werden. In the mentioned use cases, curved ones are also often used Profiles needed. These can be in the form of hollow and solid profiles be used, increasingly multifunctional Construction elements are required.

Aus der US 5 305 626 (Reynolds Aluminium Holland BV) ist ein Verfahren zum Strangpressen von gekrümmten Profilen bekannt, bei dem an der Innenfläche der Strangpreßmatrize unterschiedliche Reibungswiderstände für eine lokale Verzögerung bzw. Beschleunigung des Fließvorganges während des Strangpressens sorgen. Als Ergebnis der unterschiedlichen Reibungsverhältnisse tritt aus der Matrize eine gekrümmte Werkstückform aus, die über eine gebogene Auslaufstrecke geführt, jedoch dabei nicht weiter verformt wird.From US 5 305 626 (Reynolds Aluminum Holland BV) is a Method for extruding curved profiles known the different on the inner surface of the extrusion die Frictional resistances for local deceleration or acceleration of the flow process during extrusion. As The result of the different friction conditions emerges the die from a curved workpiece shape, which over a curved outlet run, but not deformed further becomes.

Dieses Verfahren hat sich bisher nicht durchsetzen können, da es wegen der aufwendigen Ausbildung der Matrizeninnenkontur nur bei großen Stückzahlen rentabel ist.This method has not been able to prevail since it only because of the complex design of the inner contour of the die large quantities is profitable.

JP-A-03 047615 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung gekrümmter Hohlprofile, wobei während des Biegevorganges ein unter Druck stehendes Gas im Innern des Hohlprofiles eingeschlossen ist. In einer Entfernung von der Matrize ist ein Führungsglied mit einem Führungsloch angeordnet. Durch Bewegung des Führungsglieds quer zur Strangpressrichtung erfolgt eine Krümmung des Hohlprofiles. JP-A-03 047615 describes a method and an apparatus for Production of curved hollow profiles, whereby during the Bending a gas under pressure inside the Hollow profile is included. At a distance from the A guide member is arranged with a guide hole. By moving the guide member transversely to the extrusion direction there is a curvature of the hollow profile.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, das bzw. die mit einfachen Mitteln eine definierte Krümmung bei Strangpreßerzeugnissen in wiederholbarer näherungsweise berechenbarer Weise ermöglicht, wobei auch bei komplizierten Hohlprofilquerschnitten die Querschnittsflächen im gebogenen Zustand im Vergleich zu den Querschnittsflächen des geraden Profils unverändert bleiben sollen. Unter "komplexen Querschnitten" werden insbesondere solche mit großen Wanddickenunterschieden, aber auch solche Profile verstanden, die eine geringe Wandstärke bezogen auf den umschreibenden Kreis des Strangpreßprofils aufweisen.The object of the present invention is a method and to develop a device of the type mentioned that or with a simple means a defined curvature Extruded products in repeatable approximately predictable Way possible, even with complicated hollow profile cross sections the cross-sectional areas in the bent state compared to the cross-sectional areas of the straight profile should remain unchanged. Under "complex cross sections" especially those with large wall thickness differences, but also understood such profiles that have a small wall thickness have based on the circumscribing circle of the extruded profile.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 4 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device and solved a method according to claims 1 and 4.

Mit dem neuen Verfahren ist es möglich, eine hohe Maßgenauigkeit sowie Formentreue gekrümmter Profile auch über große Länge zu gewährleisten. With the new process, it is possible to achieve high dimensional accuracy as well as shape conformity of curved profiles even over great lengths guarantee.

Da das formgebende Werkzeug nach dem Austritt des Stranges aus der Matrize in einem von Anlageflächen freien Raum auf den austretenden Strang einwirken kann, sind beliebige Biegeradien möglich. Das Werkstück erfährt beim Austreten aus der Matrize in der gleichen Temperatur eine Biege- oder Querkraftbeanspruchung, wodurch die Spannungsverteilung im Preßkanal der Strangpreßmatrize beeinflußt wird.Because the shaping tool comes out after the strand exits the die in a space free of contact surfaces on the emerging Any bending radii can act on the strand possible. The workpiece experiences when exiting the die in a bending or shear load at the same temperature, whereby the stress distribution in the press channel of the extrusion die being affected.

Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, beliebige Raumwinkel durch eine entsprechende Führung der Biegevorrichtung bei der Umformung einzustellen. Üblicherweise wird auch die Biegevorrichtung in der Preßebene bewegt, so daß einfache Vorschubbewegungen der Biegevorrichtungen ausreichen.Basically, it is possible to use any solid angle Appropriate guidance of the bending device during the forming adjust. The bending device is also usually used in the press plane moves so that simple feed movements of the Bending devices are sufficient.

Falls erwünscht, kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auch eine Ringform des Werkstückes erzeugt werden. Hierzu wird das Umformwerkzeug in eine geeignete Position gebracht und dort fixiert. Alternativ kann das Werkstück auch mit einer konstanten Krümmung oder mit einer zu- oder abnehmenden Krümmung als Rohrwendel oder in Spiralform hergestellt werden.If desired, the device according to the invention can also a ring shape of the workpiece can be generated. For this, the Forming tool brought into a suitable position and there fixed. Alternatively, the workpiece can also have a constant Curvature or with an increasing or decreasing curvature as a coiled tubing or in spiral form.

Spezielle Vorrichtungen für das Pressen von Voll- oder Hohlprofilen sind bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensweise nicht erforderlich. So kann z. B. eine einfache Rolle als Umformwerkzeug sowohl für ein gebogenes Vierkantrohr als auch für eine gebogene Vierkantstange verwendet werden. Es muß lediglich dafür gesorgt werden, daß die Geometrie der Presse, insbesondere die Anordnung des Querhauptes so ausgebildet ist, daß diese nicht den Biegevorgang behindern können. Bei großen Biegelängen soll ferner eine Abstützung zur Verhinderung des Durchbiegens infolge Eigengewicht unterhalb des Werkstückes angeordnet werden.Special devices for pressing solid or hollow profiles are not necessary in the procedure according to the invention. So z. B. a simple role as a forming tool for a curved square tube as well as for a curved one Square bar can be used. It just has to take care of it be that the geometry of the press, especially the arrangement the crosshead is designed so that it does not the bending process can hinder. With large bending lengths should also a support to prevent sagging due to dead weight be arranged below the workpiece.

Es können aber auch Mehrfachvorrichtungen zum Biegen der Strangpreßprofile verwendet werden, die allerdings nacheinander ihre Querkräfte auf das Strangpreßprofil ausüben. Beispielsweise können zur Erzeugung von räumlich gebogenen Profilen eine oder mehrere Führungsrollen auf gesonderten Zustelleinrichtungen mit einen oder mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Rollenkäfigen kombiniert werden.However, multiple devices for bending the extruded profiles can also be used can be used, however, one after the other Apply lateral forces to the extruded profile. For example can be used to create spatially curved profiles several leadership roles on separate delivery devices one or more roller cages arranged one behind the other be combined.

Die benötigte Umformkraft kann sowohl durch Rollen als auch durch feststehende Werkzeuge auf das Profil aufgebracht werden. Es sind aber auch andere Wirkmedien wie z. B. Gase, Fluide oder elektrische/magnetische Felder für die Erzeugung einer geeigneten Umformkraft anwendbar. Anstelle einer Umformrolle oder eines feststehenden Gleitschuhs muß im Falle der Anwendung von Wirkmedien die Einflußzone der Wirkmedien dicht an das Werkstück gebracht werden, beispielsweise muß bei Verwendung elektromagnetischer Felder eine geeignet geformte Magnetspule in unmittelbare Nähe des Stranges gebracht werden.The required forming force can be achieved by rolling as well can be applied to the profile using fixed tools. But there are also other active media such. B. gases, fluids or electric / magnetic fields for the generation of a suitable Forming force applicable. Instead of a forming roll or one Fixed sliding shoe must be used in the case of the use of active media the zone of influence of the active media is brought close to the workpiece must be, for example, when using electromagnetic A suitably shaped magnetic coil in immediate fields Be brought close to the strand.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
prinzipieller Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Strangpreß- und Biegeeinrichtung mit Andrückrolle;
Figur 2:
prinzipieller Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Strangpreß- und Biegeeinrichtung mit einer Gleitfläche
Figur 2a:
erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem Rollenkäfig;
Figur 3:
prinzipieller Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gekrümmten Werkstücken mit einer, ein Druckmedium erzeugenden Druckquelle;
Figur 4:
Prinzipbild zur Herstellung von gedrillten Profilquerschnitten.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of several exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figure 1:
basic structure of an extrusion and bending device according to the invention with pressure roller;
Figure 2:
basic structure of an extrusion and bending device according to the invention with a sliding surface
Figure 2a:
device according to the invention with a roller cage;
Figure 3:
basic structure of a device according to the invention for the production of curved workpieces with a pressure source generating a pressure medium;
Figure 4:
Block diagram for the production of twisted profile cross sections.

Gemäß Figur 1 besteht die Strangpreßeinrichtung aus einem Stempel 1, einem Blockaufnehmer 2, in den der Stempel 1 in Pfeilrichtung einschiebbar ist, und einer Matrize 4, die sich in Preßrichtung gesehen gegen ein Querhaupt 5 abstützt.According to Figure 1, the extrusion device consists of a stamp 1, a block sensor 2, in which the stamp 1 in the direction of the arrow is insertable, and a die 4, which is in Seen pressing direction against a crosshead 5 supports.

Im Blockaufnehmer 2 befindet sich das auf Strangpreßtemperatur erhitzte Metall, beispielsweise in Form eines Aluminiumblockes 3, der bei der Betätigung des Stempels 1 in Preßrichtung aus der Matrize in Form eines Stranges 6 ausgepreßt wird. This is at the extrusion temperature in the block sensor 2 heated metal, for example in the form of an aluminum block 3, which when pressing the stamp 1 in the pressing direction from the Die is pressed in the form of a strand 6.

Unmittelbar nach dem Austreten des Stranges 6 aus der Matrize 4, im Abstand a vom Querhaupt 5 befindet sich eine Andrückrolle 7, die eine quer zur Strangpreßrichtung auf das Werkstück, hier den Strang 6, einwirkende Kraft ausübt.Immediately after the strand 6 emerges from the die 4, at a distance a from the crosshead 5 there is a pressure roller 7, the one transverse to the extrusion direction on the workpiece, here the Strand 6, exerting force.

Durch eine Verschiebung der Andrückrolle 7 quer zur Strangpreßrichtung kann der Biegeradius R beeinflußt werden. Es ist für den Fachmann ohne weiteres ersichtlich, wie er durch eine geeignete Steuerung oder Regelung die Andrückrolle 7 so positionieren bzw. orientieren kann, daß ein vorgegebener Krümmungsverlauf sowohl in ebener als auch in räumlicher Ausbildung ererreicht wird. Damit ist nicht nur die Ausbildung der Werkstückkrümmung in einer Ebene, sondern beliebig im Raum auch mit mehrfacher Änderung der Vorschubrichtung möglich, so daß sehr komplexe Werkstückgeometrien mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung herstellbar sind.By moving the pressure roller 7 transversely to the direction of extrusion the bending radius R can be influenced. It is for the person skilled in the art can easily see how he can by a suitable Control or regulation position the pressure roller 7 or can orientate that a predetermined curvature achieved both in level and in spatial training becomes. This is not only the formation of the workpiece curvature on one level, but also in any room multiple changes in the feed direction possible, so very complex workpiece geometries with the device according to the invention are producible.

In Figur 2 ist eine weitere Ausbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Strangpreß- und Biegeeinrichtung dargestellt. Anstelle einer Andruckrolle 7 ist unmittelbar im Anschluß an den Matrizenhalter 5 eine eine Querkraft erzeugende Gleitfläche 8 dargestellt. Diese kann ebenso wie die Andrückrolle 7 einstellbar oder aber wie im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 dargestellt - ortsfest angeordnet sein. Hiermit lassen sich in einfacher Weise gekrümmte Strukturen erzeugen. Gemäß Figur 2a wird in entsprechender Weise ein Rollenkäfig zum Aufbringen der Querkraft eingesetzt, so daß je nach Positionierung relativ zur Matrize unterschiedliche Umformungen mit Radien R1 und R2 auf den Strang aufgebracht werden können.In Figure 2, a further embodiment of the extrusion and bending device according to the invention is shown. Instead of a pressure roller 7, a sliding surface 8 generating a transverse force is shown immediately following the die holder 5. Like the pressure roller 7, this can be adjustable or, as shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, can be arranged in a stationary manner. This allows curved structures to be produced in a simple manner. According to FIG. 2a, a roller cage is used in a corresponding manner to apply the transverse force, so that depending on the positioning relative to the die, different deformations with radii R 1 and R 2 can be applied to the strand.

Eine besondere Schwierigkeit bestand bisher beim Biegen von Strangpreßprofilen darin, eine Maßhaltigkeit unter Beibehaltung aller Abmessung der Teile vor und nach dem Biegen zu erzielen. Dies gilt insbesondere für räumliche Strukturen bei offenen Profilquerschnitten, die besonders empfindlich auf seitlichen Druck bzw. auf unterschiedliche Reibungswiderstände reagieren. So far, there has been a particular difficulty in bending Extruded profiles in it, maintaining dimensional accuracy to achieve all dimensions of the parts before and after bending. This applies in particular to spatial structures with open ones Profile cross-sections that are particularly sensitive to lateral Pressure or react to different frictional resistances.

Nach dem Stand der Technik war bei Biegevorgängen eine Gefügeveränderung, eine Verfestigung des Werkstücks und unterschiedliche Eigenspannungsverteilungen, einhergehend mit einer Geometrieänderung (z. B. Einschnürung der Wanddicke, kissenförmige Verzerrung) unvermeidbar. Nun kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einer üblichen Strangpreßmatrize ein gerades oder beliebig gekrümmtes Werkstück (Profil) mit immer gleicher Geometrie und immer gleichen Gefüge- und Festigkeitseigenschaften erzeugt werden.According to the state of the art, there was a structural change in bending processes, a solidification of the workpiece and different Residual stress distributions, accompanied by a change in geometry (e.g. constriction of the wall thickness, pillow-shaped Distortion) inevitable. Now with the invention Process in a usual extrusion die a straight or Any curved workpiece (profile) with the same geometry and always the same structural and strength properties be generated.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es nunmehr gelungen, die Fertigungsprobleme gebogener Probleme dadurch zu lösen, daß das Werkstück gleichzeitig mit oder unmittelbar nach dem formgebenden Strangpreßvorgang mit einer genau dosierbaren Kraft verformt wird. Dies bedeutet, daß der Spannungszustand während der Herstellung der Werkstücke direkt beim Strangpressen beeinflußt wird, da gleichzeitig mit dem Strangpreßvorgang die austretenden Strangabschnitte gebogen werden. Die Werkstücke verlassen mit definiert gekrümmter Längsachse die Strangpreßeinrichtung, wobei die Krümmung des Werkstückes in der Längsachse definiert einstellbar ist.With the device according to the invention it has now been possible to to solve the manufacturing problems of curved problems in that the workpiece simultaneously with or immediately after the shaping Extrusion process deformed with a precisely controllable force becomes. This means that the voltage state during the Production of the workpieces directly influenced during extrusion is because at the same time as the extrusion process the emerging Strand sections are bent. The workpieces leave with defines the curved longitudinal axis of the extrusion device, wherein the curvature of the workpiece can be adjusted in a defined manner in the longitudinal axis is.

In Figur 3 ist dieser Vorgang anhand einer geometrischen Betrachtung näher erläutert. Es soll dabei angenommen werden, daß der aus der Matrize 4 austretende Strang 6 von einer, ein Gaspolster 11 erzeugenden Druckquelle 10 gebogen wird.In Figure 3, this process is based on a geometric view explained in more detail. It should be assumed that the strand 6 emerging from the die 4, a gas cushion 11 generating pressure source 10 is bent.

Als Ausgangspunkt der geometrischen Überlegungen wird angenommen, daß im Strang 6 beim Eintritt in die Matrize 4 exakt parallele Schnitte 12a, 12b vorliegen. Je näher diese Schnitte 12a, 12b zum Austrittsende der Matrize 4 wandern, desto mehr verringert sich ihre Planparallelität, so daß nach dem Austritt des Stranges 6 aus der Matrize 4 ein Winkel α zwischen den ursprünglich planparallelen Schnitten 12a, 12b meßbar ist. Daraus wird deutlich, daß die im Abstand a von Matrizenaustrittsende angeordnete Druckquelle 10 eine Rückwirkung auf das in der Strangpreßmatrize geformte Profil ausübt. Mit anderen Worten: The starting point for the geometric considerations is assumed that in strand 6 exactly parallel when entering the die 4 Sections 12a, 12b are present. The closer these cuts 12a, 12b to the exit end of the die 4, the more reduced their plane parallelism, so that after the exit of the Strands 6 from the die 4 an angle α between the originally plane-parallel cuts 12a, 12b can be measured. Out of it it becomes clear that the distance a from the die exit end arranged pressure source 10 a reaction to that in the Extrusion die exerts shaped profile. In other words:

Die in der Strangpreßmatrize 4 gebildeten Werkstückquerschnitte werden derart beeinflußt, daß sie nicht parallel zueinander aus der Matrize austreten, sondern in einem Winkel zueinander stehen, wobei die Größe des Winkels durch die Geometrie und die Positionierung bzw. Orientierung der die Querkraft aufbringenden Vorrichtung bestimmt wird.The workpiece cross sections formed in the extrusion die 4 are influenced in such a way that they are not parallel to each other emerge from the die, but stand at an angle to each other, the size of the angle by the geometry and the Positioning or orientation of those applying the transverse force Device is determined.

Im folgenden wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Zustellweges des Biege- oder Führungswerkzeuges in Abhängigkeit von der Kontur des gebogenen Werkstückes und dem Preßweg bei einem konstanten Radius dargestellt.The following is a procedure for determining the delivery route of the bending or guiding tool depending on the contour of the bent workpiece and the pressing path at a constant Radius shown.

Die Werkstückkontur ist bei der Herstellung an bestimmte geometrische Randbedingungen geknüpft. Die Kontur muß wegen des Fertigungsprozesses mit der Matrize übereinstimmen und tangential zur Austrittsachse, d. h. senkrecht zur Austrittsebene stehen. The workpiece contour is specific to the geometric during manufacture Boundary conditions linked. The contour has to be because of the manufacturing process match with the die and tangentially to the exit axis, d. H. stand perpendicular to the exit plane.

Falls ein konstanter Radius hergestellt werden soll, kann der Zustellweg z bei bekanntem Abstand a von der Austrittsebene in Abhängigkeit vom Radius durch die Sekantengleichung bestimmt werden (siehe Bild 1);

Figure 00090001
If a constant radius is to be established, the infeed path z can be determined with the known distance a from the exit plane depending on the radius using the secant equation (see Figure 1);
Figure 00090001

Beschreibt man die herzustellende Kontur allgemein als Raumkurve in einem Koordinatensystem, so können für jeden beliebigen Punkt zum einen die Koordinaten an sich bestimmt werden und weiterhin mit den Methoden der Kurvengeometrie ein Tangentenvektor für diesen Punkt berechnet werden. Mit diesem Tangentenvektor, der gemäß den oben genannten Bedingungen mit der Austrittsachse identisch ist, kann der Zustellweg des Führungswerkzeuges über einfache Rechnungen bestimmt werden. Weiterhin ist es möglich die Länge der Kontur zu bestimmen, so daß der Zustellweg als Funktion des Preßweges angegeben werden kann. Die Kontur kann für das Steuerungsprogramm eines Manipulators oder dergleichen als Funktion oder als Wertetabelle vorliegen. In Bild 2 ist der geometrische Ansatz für eine beliebige Kontur dargestellt. If the contour to be produced is generally described as a space curve in a coordinate system, so for any point on the one hand, the coordinates themselves are determined and continue with the methods of curve geometry a tangent vector for this point can be calculated. With this tangent vector, the according to the above conditions with the exit axis is identical, the delivery path of the guide tool can simple calculations can be determined. It is still possible to determine the length of the contour, so that the delivery path as Function of the press path can be specified. The contour can for the control program of a manipulator or the like available as a function or as a table of values. In picture 2 is the geometric approach for any contour.

Geometrische Grundlagen zur Bestimmung des Zustellweges:

  • Allgemeine Beschreibung der Kontur durch einen Kurvenparameter: F = f(x(λ),y(λ),z(λ)), Gewählt: λ = x. Daraus ergibt sich: F = f(x,y(x),z(x)).
  • Die Länge der Kurve für ein bestimmtes x läßt sich über folgende Formel ermitteln:
    Figure 00100001
  • Der Tangenteneinheitsvektor ergibt sich durch folgende Berechnung:
    Figure 00100002
  • Mit Hilfe des Tangenteneinheitsvektors kann im 2-dimensionalen Raum die Gleichung einer Geraden bestimmt werden, die senkrecht auf diesem Vektor steht und im Abstand a von der Austrittsebene verläuft.
  • Der Schnittpunkt dieser Geraden mit der Raumkurve ist der Kontaktpunkt des Werkzeuges mit der Werkstückkontur. Daraus ergibt sich im 2-dimensionalen Raum der Zustellweg z.
  • Da für jedes x eindeutig eine Raumkurvenlänge s, die der ausgepreßten Länge entspricht, und ein Zustellweg z bestimmt werden kann, kann z als Funktion von s dargestellt werden.
  • Für den 3-dimensionalen Raum ist die Berechnung aufwendiger, aber auch möglich.
  • c) es sind Bewegungen in beliebiger Raumrichtung möglich, wobei die Führungsrolle beispielsweise durch einen Manipulator gesteuert wird;
  • d) es lassen sich Torsionsbewegungen zur Erzeugung eines verdrillten Stranges durchführen.
    •  Geometric basics for determining the delivery route:
    • General description of the contour using a curve parameter: F = f (x (λ), y (λ), z (λ)) , Chosen: λ = x . This results in: F = f (x, y (x), z (x)) .
    • The length of the curve for a specific x can be determined using the following formula:
      Figure 00100001
    • The tangent unit vector results from the following calculation:
      Figure 00100002
    • With the help of the tangent unit vector, the equation of a straight line that is perpendicular to this vector and runs at a distance a from the exit plane can be determined in 2-dimensional space.
    • The intersection of this straight line with the space curve is the contact point of the tool with the workpiece contour. This results in the delivery path z in the 2-dimensional space.
    • Since a space curve length s, which corresponds to the pressed length, and a feed path z can be determined unambiguously for each x, z can be represented as a function of s.
    • For 3-dimensional space, the calculation is more complex, but also possible.
  • c) movements in any spatial direction are possible, the guide roller being controlled, for example, by a manipulator;
  • d) torsional movements can be carried out to produce a twisted strand.

    • In jedem Fall muß gewährleistet sein, daß bei der Biegung im Abstand a von der Austrittsebene eine Rückwirkung über das Strangpreßerzeugnis in die formgebende Zone der Strangpresse möglich ist. Dies bedeutet, daß keine Anlageflächen für das zu biegende Strangpreßprofil in dem Raum zwischen der Querkrafteinwirkung bzw. Stranganpreßfläche und der Austrittsebene des Stranges vorhanden sind.In any case, it must be ensured that when bending in the Distance a from the exit plane has a retroactive effect on the Extruded product in the shaping zone of the extrusion press is possible. This means that there is no investment space for that bending extrusion profile in the space between the action of the transverse force or extrusion surface and the exit plane of the Stranges are present.

    Unter dieser Voraussetzung findet der Biegevorgang während des Strangpreßverfahrens durch Spannungsüberlagerung im plastischen Zustand statt. Die aus der Matrize austretenden Profilquerschnitte sind identisch mit den Querschnittsflächen, die beim geraden Strangpressen erzeugt würden. Die Wandstärken bleiben durch das Biegen unbeeinflußt und sind auch bei verdrillten Profilabschnitten absolut formtreu über große Preßlängen.Under this condition, the bending process takes place during the Extrusion process by superimposing stress in plastic State instead. The profile cross sections emerging from the die are identical to the cross-sectional areas that are used for straight extrusions would be produced. The wall thicknesses remain unaffected by bending and are also twisted Profile sections absolutely true to shape over long press lengths.

    In Figur 4 ist die Herstellung von verdrillten Profilabschnitten dargestellt. Der aus der Matrize 14 austretende Strang 15 wird in einen Rollenkäfig 16 eingeführt, dessen Rollenachse 17 um einen Winkel β gegenüber der vertikalen Profilkante 18 verdreht ist. Die schraffierte Fläche 19 stellt den Profildurchbruch in der Matrize 14 dar bei einer Ansicht gegen die Preßrichtung. Somit ist der Rollenkäfig vor der Matrize um einen Winkel β gegen die Orientierung des Profils verdrillt.In Figure 4 is the production of twisted profile sections shown. The strand 15 emerging from the die 14 becomes inserted in a roller cage 16, the roller axis 17 around rotated an angle β relative to the vertical profile edge 18 is. The hatched area 19 represents the profile opening in the die 14 is in a view against the pressing direction. Thus the roller cage is in front of the die by an angle β twisted against the orientation of the profile.

    Claims (5)

    1. A method of producing, by extrusion, curved hollow profiled sections with greatly differing wall thicknesses, which sections have a small wall thickness relative to the circumscribing circle of the extruded profile, with the hollow profile, either simultaneously with the shaping extrusion process or directly thereafter, being bent by a force which acts on the workpiece (6) transversely to the direction of extrusion, with one force component, in the form of a tensile or compressive force, acting on the cross-sectional face of the resulting profile walls during the shaping extrusion process.
    2. A method according to claim 1,
      characterised in
      that, for the purpose of achieving differently bent radii, the force acting on the workpiece (6) during the extrusion process varies in respect of direction and intensity, which force - via the extruded product - acts back into the shaping zone of the extrusion press.
    3. A method according to any one of the preceding claims,
      characterised in
      that the workpiece sections produced in the extrusion press die (4) leave the die at an angle α relative to one another, with the size of the angle being determined by the geometry and the positioning of the device applying the transverse force.
    4. A device for carrying out the method of producing curved hollow extruded sections under the effect of a transverse force applied to the extruded profile (6), consisting of an ingot heating plant, an extrusion device with a die (4) which, in the region where the extrudate emerges, comprises an exit plane, as well as ingot handling devices, shearing and conveying devices and a cooling line,
      characterised in
      that, following the die, as seen in the direction of extrusion, there is arranged a roller (7) which can be pressed against the emerging extrudate, a pressure source generating a gas cushion (11) or an induction coil and that, in the space between the device generating the transverse force and the exit plane of the extrudate, the extrudate is provided with a zone which is free of contact faces, with the transverse force being applied to the extrudate via a path which extends substantially parallel to the extrudate exit plane.
    5. A device according to claim 4,
      characterised in
      that the device generating the transverse force is provided in the form of a device suitable for producing a helically bent extrudate (15) and consisting of a cage (16) with rollers, with the pass-through cross-sections of the die (14) and roller cage (16) being twisted or offset relative to one another around the extrusion axis.
    EP95112843A 1994-08-17 1995-08-16 Method and device for the production of curved workpieces Expired - Lifetime EP0706843B1 (en)

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    DE4428827 1994-08-17
    DE4428827A DE4428827A1 (en) 1994-08-17 1994-08-17 Process for the production of curved workpieces by a combination of extrusion and bending

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    DE10209481C1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-12-04 Wkw Erbsloeh Automotive Gmbh Process for cutting an extruded profile
    DE10241028B3 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-07-29 Erbslöh Ag Process for the production of curved (rounded) structural components from an extruded profile
    DE10317080A1 (en) * 2003-04-12 2004-11-11 Peter Stolfig Production of metal sheet molded parts made from magnesium (alloys) comprises feeding a liquid melt from a melting oven and melting crucible into a continuous casting installation to form a strand, and deforming into a final shape
    DE10329697B3 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-20 WKW Erbslöh Automotive GmbH Method for producing curved workpieces by extrusion and rounding
    DE10329696B3 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-03-03 WKW Erbslöh Automotive GmbH Method for producing a plurality of curved extruded profiles
    DE10141328B4 (en) * 2001-08-28 2005-04-14 Sms Eumuco Gmbh Method and device for extrusion molding of curved extruded profiles
    DE10110035B4 (en) * 2001-03-02 2005-05-04 Sms Eumuco Gmbh Outfeed device of an extrusion press
    DE10150021B4 (en) * 2001-10-11 2005-08-04 Peter Stolfig Method and device for the production of profiles or sheet metal parts from magnesium or magnesium alloys
    CN101905249A (en) * 2010-07-30 2010-12-08 长沙仲腾金属材料科技有限公司 Method and device for machining curved profiles in combination with online quenching temperature control in short flow
    DE10156034B4 (en) * 2001-11-15 2012-05-03 Techmag Ag Device for the production of profiles or sheet metal parts from magnesium or magnesium alloys
    DE102008047015B4 (en) * 2007-09-14 2013-09-12 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Double-bar link arm made by a variable-curvature extrusion process
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    DE10120953A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-31 Sms Eumuco Gmbh Process for cutting off partial lengths during extrusion
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    DE102004033200B3 (en) * 2004-07-09 2005-10-20 Erbsloeh Ag Extrusion and bending process for curved workpieces involves feeding string between at least two roller pairs, and bending by feeding through further pairs
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    DE10241028B3 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-07-29 Erbslöh Ag Process for the production of curved (rounded) structural components from an extruded profile
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    DE10317080A1 (en) * 2003-04-12 2004-11-11 Peter Stolfig Production of metal sheet molded parts made from magnesium (alloys) comprises feeding a liquid melt from a melting oven and melting crucible into a continuous casting installation to form a strand, and deforming into a final shape
    DE10329696B3 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-03-03 WKW Erbslöh Automotive GmbH Method for producing a plurality of curved extruded profiles
    DE10329697B3 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-20 WKW Erbslöh Automotive GmbH Method for producing curved workpieces by extrusion and rounding
    US7197907B2 (en) 2003-07-02 2007-04-03 Wkw Erbsloh Automotive Gmbh Method for producing a plurality of curved extruded profiles
    DE102008047015B4 (en) * 2007-09-14 2013-09-12 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Double-bar link arm made by a variable-curvature extrusion process
    CN101905249A (en) * 2010-07-30 2010-12-08 长沙仲腾金属材料科技有限公司 Method and device for machining curved profiles in combination with online quenching temperature control in short flow
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    DK0706843T3 (en) 1999-09-13
    ES2129715T3 (en) 1999-06-16

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