EP0648872B1 - Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer - Google Patents
Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0648872B1 EP0648872B1 EP94116410A EP94116410A EP0648872B1 EP 0648872 B1 EP0648872 B1 EP 0648872B1 EP 94116410 A EP94116410 A EP 94116410A EP 94116410 A EP94116410 A EP 94116410A EP 0648872 B1 EP0648872 B1 EP 0648872B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fault
- yarn
- group
- spinning station
- spinning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H13/00—Other common constructional features, details or accessories
- D01H13/14—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop motions ; Monitoring the entanglement of slivers in drafting arrangements
- D01H13/22—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop motions ; Monitoring the entanglement of slivers in drafting arrangements responsive to presence of irregularities in running material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
- B65H63/06—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to presence of irregularities in running material, e.g. for severing the material at irregularities ; Control of the correct working of the yarn cleaner
- B65H63/062—Electronic slub detector
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H69/00—Methods of, or devices for, interconnecting successive lengths of material; Knot-tying devices ;Control of the correct working of the interconnecting device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2557/00—Means for control not provided for in groups B65H2551/00 - B65H2555/00
- B65H2557/60—Details of processes or procedures
- B65H2557/65—Details of processes or procedures for diagnosing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
Definitions
- the invention is concerned with a fault indicator and qualifier and with a device for assigning certain Fault reports and a procedure for recording and evaluating the Incidents occurred at a spinning station of a Spinning machine.
- Modern spinning machines work essentially automatically and at a particularly high speed.
- a variety of individual spinning positions are lined up and develop a preset thread independently of each other an individually fed sliver. This will be Sliver with a dissolving roller dissolved and the dissolved Fibers over an air flow in a very high Speed rotating rotor passed where the fibers in a fiber collecting groove can be collected from the middle of the one-sided open conical rotor a yarn or a thread subtract from the pulleys or rollers and possibly one Shimmer is guided to be wound on a spool become.
- To ensure the quality of the drawn yarn it is necessary to immediately improve the quality of the yarn to record and evaluate. This is usually one Measuring device (measuring head) provided between the yarn take-off and Winding spool is arranged in the course of the yarn.
- the CH patent exemplifies that Foreign bodies in the yarn, such as shells, pieces of wood or bast fibers, she also calls machine defects, non-circular stretching cylinders or of Operating errors resulting from irregularities, such as unclean ones Other and spun dust particles (flight).
- the CH patent suggests distinguishing it from the second group the use of two criteria, namely the thread thickness and a length dimension. By adding the length dimension become short, relatively thick errors that basically don't bother not recognized as error group 2, but error group 1 assigned. If, on the other hand, long, the middle thread cross-section only slightly exceeding thread sections are disturbed these sensitive, so they are essentially the most essential Error group 2 can be assigned.
- the invention is therefore based, inter alia, on the problem of not only differentiating between a real malfunction and an insignificant "malfunction", but also of carrying out a malfunction report and qualification at a spinning station which is comprehensive and accurate about the current status - or better: the accident just occurred - informed.
- the invention can be used so that a fixed Assignment of certain malfunctions (failures, static yarn errors, Short-term yarn deviations) of a specific one Incident group assigned with a specific message hierarchy become; these are the so-called default settings that can be set as a factory default. But next to it the invention can also work with variable assignments (Claim 7, claim 11), the individual adjustment of the Spinning machine with its multitude of spinning positions. The adjustment of the factory preset Spinning machine can be made dependent on the customer, she can be tailored to the individual situation in which the spinning machine is working (user-specific). A Change can also be made by certain designs of the spinning machine be made dependent and influenced by certain Special requests, each in a user-specific machine be installed (machine-specific).
- the invention accomplishes much more than that comprehensive and accurate information about the operating status and the accident just occurred, made possible by the decentralized qualification of these accidents rather one considerably faster troubleshooting by troubleshooting, because the "responsible organ" for each group, the spinner, the Automatic walking machine, the mechanic, the electronics technician or the Operations center immediately and immediately - without intermediate Operator considerations or decisions - informed can be.
- the time that a spinning station or a spinning section or even the entire machine can stand still be significantly reduced, so that the effectiveness of Spinning machine can be significantly improved with the invention can and the central control of inferior Error messages are relieved.
- the invention can also be used for statistical purposes be drawn up to provide a longer term protocol of the to create respective spinning machine, with their by groups classified errors to make a reliable statement about to get more common sources of error and these sources of error specifically target for this user-specific machine can. Maintenance time and follow-up costs can therefore be reduced become.
- parameters which are measured to the yarn defects too will primarily recognize the thickness measurement d (t) of the yarn suggested; parameters can also be added, such as e.g. the thread length (claims 8, 9).
- the assignment section can be used in addition to the signal signals for Yarn error one or more signals from the spinning machine or the spinning station or a spinning station section from their the respective mechanical or electronic part.
- monitoring signals for the sensor of the Thickness measurement d (t) or speed signals for Sliver inlet and / or yarn take-off are called Function or values can be monitored electronically (Claim 12).
- the only figure shows a partially schematic representation of a rotor 10 from which a yarn 1 is drawn off at high speed via take-off rolls or rolls 12.
- FZ schematically indicates the fiber feed, via which fibers of a fiber sliver, which are broken up by an opening roller, are fed.
- this part of the spinning station is of secondary importance here, which is why it is not dealt with in detail.
- the geometry of the thread or yarn path is also of secondary importance, it is only shown schematically in the figure.
- 10B forms in the fiber collecting groove the yarn fed via the drive shaft 11 at high speed, that is twisted when you pull it off and then over one Traverser 14a is guided onto a take-up reel 14.
- a measuring device 20 is provided, which can consist of a capacitor through which the pulled thread runs. With it, the current Thread thickness d (t) over the thread mass or alternatively over a optical detection measured.
- a pressure roller 13 can Serve speed detection v (t).
- the measuring device 20 is electrical with an evaluation stage 21 connected, the signals of the thickness measuring device 20 directly prepared on site and reinforced if necessary. Already here Interference signals are filtered out, but only one can Amplification of the measurement signal can be made.
- the evaluation stage 21 feeds a distributor (bus) on which one A large number of error detection modules arranged decentrally at the spinning station 22a, 22b, 22c ... 22f are connected.
- 22 - stands for an individual type of error in the yarn. So it can Error identification 22a an L / T error of the measurement signal on Detect bus immediately and clearly.
- the error detection 22d can for example recognize an N or an S error, the one a short thick spot or a very short thick spot in the yarn can mean.
- the Nm value is from the C monitor 22c observed;
- the Moire error identifies the Module 22b.
- error identifiers 22 are implemented in the program, see above results from the parallel hardware solution of Figure shows a sequential succession of software identifiers in the program, but all with the same Measurement signal d (t) are fed.
- Identifiers 22 then subroutines 22, each one Identify errors for which they are from a distributor - also in different frequencies, depending on the weight the error or the speed at which the error is detected must be called.
- All the individualized incidents - everyone forms one individual errors at the spinning station - are in one Assignment unit 23 grouped. Shown are exemplary four groups A, B, C and D, each one decentralized Accident hierarchy. So is the schematic Error group A is represented as such an error group, the one emits optical signal. Incident group B becomes one assigned electrically transmitted signal. With this signal can, for example, a robot unit (automatic walker) be notified to this spinning station as soon as possible check or initiate a new thread approach.
- This Assignments A ⁇ optical or B ⁇ electrical have exemplary character. It is understood that the Signaling of fault group A is also electrical can take place, as well as the electrical signaling of the Defect group B also optically, e.g. over fiber optic cable can be. Accompanying acoustic signals can also be triggered become.
- the assignment unit 23 combines the possible accidents that are supplied by the individual recognition units 22 and assigns it to specific accident groups A, B, C or D.
- there are also sources of errors or malfunctions assigned to the mechanics or electronics of the spinning station or fed to the spinning device via the error detection 24 are, they usually have considerable weight, so that they are the Shutdown fault group D can be assigned. Indeed can also cause minor electronics or mechanical faults Redundancy can be caught, so the failure of one of the redundant facilities do not switch off, but only for a signaling soon eliminating (still) harmless accident.
- the assignment can be achieved in different ways. It there is the possibility of certain errors due to jumpers assign to certain group signals A, B, C or D. It can a diode matrix can also be used (schematic shown in the figure). Another possibility is a programmatic implementation, in which a link of the Memory cells are made for a particular Error signal. Finally, there is an opportunity use discrete logic in which a plurality of AND gates with at least two inputs are used, whereby an input an output of an error identifier 22a, 22b is assigned and the other input is a control signal, whether this AND gate is to be activated. The outputs of all AND gates are linked via OR gates so that e.g. the Error output A only with a certain number of AND gate outputs is linked to this fault group form.
- the assignments are the error identifiers 22a to 22e chosen so that they define two groups, namely group A, which enables visual displays, and group B, which sends an electrical signal to a moving robot unit (Wander automat) passes on.
- group A which enables visual displays
- group B which sends an electrical signal to a moving robot unit (Wander automat) passes on.
- These two hierarchies of Error mapping can also be viewed as if they were two Subgroups to a global group of yarn defects (long or short yarn defects). Then all error identifiers 22a to 22e of an accident group - the Incident group of yarn defects - assigned and within this Yarn defect accident group results in a sub-grouping in the two shown optically or electrically indicating Error signals.
- the dashed lines indicate the changeability of the Assignment of the fault signal signals to the group output signals on.
- An optical error indicator was mentioned at output A. she can affect a viewing screen, it can display LEDs concern that can be varied in shape and flashing frequency, however, it can also affect a printer that issues a message prints out about a particular incident that does not continue was significant and only needs to be logged. For example, a short yarn thickness error that is automatically cleaned up again.
- an output C which Spinning station blocked by artificially creating one Thread breakage and blocking of this spinning station for the Automatic walking machine. This can result in a logged message, Appropriate maintenance personnel must be notified.
- Error of the error identifier 22a identifies the L / T yarn defects that affect thick spots or thin spots and are a summary of the long mistakes.
- the Error identification 22b identifies moiré errors that arise when the yarn has a varying thickness with certain Repetition frequency.
- the C yarn monitoring is the stationary thickness monitoring, it comes with the error identifier 22c from the bus signal from the evaluation stage 21 filtered.
- a fault group A which is an optical Signaling, for example to the spinning machine operator arrange so that this is an easily fixable Errors themselves and within their technical horizon can eliminate.
- Such a fault can be the cleaning of the rotor then you can start again.
- Appropriate setup of the walking machine can be done on this Hierarchy also automated troubleshooting.
- the error group B are the N / S yarn errors and the CV yarn errors summarized.
- the N / S errors are the short ones Errors, they include the short and very short thick sections.
- the error group B is assigned the CV errors that the large long-term irregularities in the yarn thickness describe. You can e.g. due to errors in the opening roller, the feed roller or the take-off roller arise. Here is a significantly more qualified staff is required because it is at changing or replacing rollers to high ones Accuracy arrives and here the correcting person or the Automatic walking machine, which was called in error group A, insufficient technical knowledge or mechanical Have opportunities.
- a Fitter can be called, but the WanderAutomat can also be brought in via an electrical signal to certain attempts to make, perhaps without a fitter get along. Multiple attempts to spin again fail or without spinning errors, the error signal becomes a Group shifted higher, which is shown schematically with C. and those for blocking (thread breakage and blocking for Automatic walking machine) of the spinning station.
- An example is n attempts to re-spin after a CV error the identifier 22f recognized.
- the error group D is the one that the spinning station entirely will turn off. Here's a significant one, not easy too corrective error occurred, so the machine manufacturer must be informed. An example of this is a damaged one Measuring head 20 if no redundant second measuring head is provided is. Another example is the failure of length measurement 25.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Filamentary Materials, Packages, And Safety Devices Therefor (AREA)
Description
Claims (12)
- Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer, mit einer Meßeinrichtung (20,25) zur Messung mindestens eines Parameters eines bewegten Garnes in einer Spinnstelle;a) mit einer Auswertestufe (21;22;22a,22b,22c ...), die ausgebildet ist, zumindest einen gemessenen Parameter des Garnes fortlaufend unter Berücksichtigung vorgegebener Kriterien auszuwerten;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßb) die Auswertestufe ausgebildet ist, um Stör-Meldesignale (L/T,M0,C,N/S,CV) zu erzeugen;c) eine Zuordnungs-Sektion (23) vorgesehen ist, die ausgebildet ist zum insbesondere veränderbaren qualifizierenden Zuordnen der Stör-Meldesignale in vorgegebene unterschiedliche Störfallgruppen (A,B,C,D). - Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der
das Garn (1) aus einem mit hoher Drehzahl antreibbaren Rotor (10;10a,10b;11) abgezogen und einer Aufwickeleinrichtung (14) zugeführt wird, wobei die Garnparameter-Meßeinrichtung (20) zwischen Abzugsort am Rotor und Aufwickeleinrichtung (14) im Garnlauf, vorzugsweise nahe dem Abzugsort, angeordnet ist. - Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei der die Störfallgruppen (A,B,C,D) unmittelbar (dezentral) an der Spinnstelle gebildet werden und verschiedene Melde-Hierarchien haben.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem eine Steuerung vorgesehen ist, um bei mehrfachen - erfolglosen oder nur teilweise erfolgreiche - Versuchen, denselben Störfall zu beheben (22f), den Störfall selbsttätig in eine in ihrer Hierarchie gewichtigere Störfallgruppe (B,C,D) heraufzustufen.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei dereine Melde-Hierarchie (C) die Spinnstelle blockiert; und/odereine (andere) Melde-Hierarchie (B) die Spinnstelle stoppt; und/odereine (weitere) Melde-Hierarchie (B) einem Wanderautomat einen von ihm behebbaren Störfall signalisiert; insbesondere durch Herbeiführen eines Fadenbruchs/Garnbruchs; und/odereine (weitere) Melde-Hierarchie (D) die Spinnstelle ganz ausschaltet; und/odereine (weitere) Melde-Hierarchie (A) einen optischen Hinweis erzeugt, insb. eine Meldung ausdruckt, eine Meldung auf einem Sichtschirm anzeigt oder eine oder mehrere Signallampen aktiviert
- Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem mehrere Unter-Störfallgruppen innerhalb einer Störfallgruppe (A,B,C,D) definiert sind.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der die qualifizierende Zuordnung (23) der Unter-Störfallgruppe veränderbar ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der obigen Ansprüche,
bei der die Meßeinrichtungeinen vom Garn durchlaufenen Kondensator (20) enthält, um die Momentandicke (d) des Fadens fortlaufend anhand seiner Masse zu ermitteln; odereinen optischen Sensor aufweist zur trägheitslosen Ermittlung der Fadendicke. - Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der eine weitere Meßeinrichtung (25,26,13) vorgesehen ist, um der Auswertestufe (21,22) weitere Garnparameter, wie Fadenlänge pro Zeit (v) oder Fadenlänge (Δs), zuzuführen.
- Verfahren zum Erfassen und Bewerten eingetretener Störfälle an einer Garn-Spinnstelle, mit dem der Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche arbeitet,
wobei zwei oder mehr Störfallgruppen (A,B,C,D) definiert werden, denen individuelle Störfälle im Betrieb der Garn-Spinnstelle, insbesondere Gruppen von Garnfehlern, Elektronik-Bauteilfehler, Mechanik-Funktionselementfehler, zugewiesen werden, um abgestufte Störfall-Beseitungsreaktionen selbsttätig zu veranlassen, und wobei die Zuweisung der Störfälle zu den zumindest zwei Störfallgruppen (A,B,C,D) veränderbar ist, und zwar maschinenspezifisch, anwenderspezifisch und/oder betriebsspezifisch. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, bei dem mehrfache - erfolglose oder nur teilweise erfolgreiche - Versuche, denselben Störfall zu beheben (22f), bewirken, daß der Störfall selbsttätig in eine in ihrer Hierarchie gewichtigere Störfallgruppe (B,C,D) heraufgestuft wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, bei demeine Störfallgruppe (B) einen Wanderautomat herbeisignalisiert,eine Störfallgruppe (A) die manuelle Fehlerbeseitigung durch eine Spinnerin oder Spinner veranlaßt,eine Störfallgruppe (B,C) einen Mechaniker oder Elektroniker des Wartungspersonals benachrichtigt,eine Störfallgruppe (C) die Spinnstelle blockiert,eine Störfallgruppe (D) die Spinnstelle ausschaltet und/odereine Störfallgruppe (D) den Maschinenhersteller informiert.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4335459 | 1993-10-18 | ||
DE4335459A DE4335459C2 (de) | 1993-10-18 | 1993-10-18 | Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0648872A1 EP0648872A1 (de) | 1995-04-19 |
EP0648872B1 true EP0648872B1 (de) | 2001-05-09 |
EP0648872B2 EP0648872B2 (de) | 2008-07-02 |
Family
ID=6500411
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94116410A Expired - Lifetime EP0648872B2 (de) | 1993-10-18 | 1994-10-18 | Spinnstellenstörmelder und -qualifizierer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5799476A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0648872B2 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ288653B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4335459C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3147067B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-03-19 | 村田機械株式会社 | 単錘駆動型の繊維機械 |
DE19850538A1 (de) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-04 | Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnerei | Fadenführung |
DE19930714C5 (de) * | 1999-07-02 | 2015-04-09 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Textilmaschine mit einer Vielzahl gleichartiger Arbeitsstellen |
JP3861644B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2006-12-20 | 村田機械株式会社 | 糸条巻取機 |
DE102004013776B4 (de) * | 2004-03-20 | 2017-07-27 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausreinigung von Garnfehlern |
DE102014018628A1 (de) * | 2014-12-13 | 2016-06-16 | Saurer Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vielstellentextilmaschine |
DE102015111673A1 (de) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Rieter Cz S.R.O. | Verfahren zum sicheren Starten und/oder Stoppen eines Rotors einer Rotorspinnmaschine und Rotorspinnmaschine |
CZ306820B6 (cs) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-07-26 | Rieter Cz S.R.O. | Způsob justace pracovního místa a čističe příze nebo snímače kvality příze na textilním stroji vyrábějícím přízi |
DE102018005732A1 (de) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Saurer Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Fadenspannungsbeeinflussungseinrichtung für eine Zwirn- oder Kabliermaschine |
US12043926B2 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2024-07-23 | Uster Technologies Ag | Optimizing a spinning process with respect to foreign materials |
DE102019116627A1 (de) | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | Saurer Spinning Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg | Textilmaschine mit mehreren Arbeitsstellen sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Textilmaschine mit mehreren Arbeitsstellen |
EP4101957A1 (de) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-12-14 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung einer klassifizierung des aktuellen leistung eines oder mehrerer teile einer spinnerei |
EP4352289A1 (de) | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-17 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum ermitteln einer klassifizierung einer stromabgabe wenigstens eines oder mehrerer teile einer spinnerei |
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-
1993
- 1993-10-18 DE DE4335459A patent/DE4335459C2/de not_active Revoked
-
1994
- 1994-10-18 CZ CZ19942570A patent/CZ288653B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-18 DE DE59409744T patent/DE59409744D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-18 EP EP94116410A patent/EP0648872B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-12-17 US US08/768,341 patent/US5799476A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3906508A1 (de) * | 1988-03-01 | 1989-09-14 | Murata Machinery Ltd | Qualitaetssteuervorrichtung fuer eine spinnerei |
EP0365901A2 (de) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-02 | Zellweger Luwa Ag | System zur Überwachung einer Vielzahl von Arbeitsstellen von Textilmaschinen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ257094A3 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
DE59409744D1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
DE4335459C2 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
US5799476A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
CZ288653B6 (cs) | 2001-08-15 |
DE4335459A1 (de) | 1995-04-20 |
EP0648872B2 (de) | 2008-07-02 |
EP0648872A1 (de) | 1995-04-19 |
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