EP0627968A1 - Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms. - Google Patents

Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms.

Info

Publication number
EP0627968A1
EP0627968A1 EP93903980A EP93903980A EP0627968A1 EP 0627968 A1 EP0627968 A1 EP 0627968A1 EP 93903980 A EP93903980 A EP 93903980A EP 93903980 A EP93903980 A EP 93903980A EP 0627968 A1 EP0627968 A1 EP 0627968A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
reshaping
bulge
strand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93903980A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0627968B1 (en
Inventor
Franciszek Kawa
Adrian Stilli
Adalbert Roehrig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Concast Standard AG
Original Assignee
Concast Standard AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel, in billet and billet cross sections with a polygonal or approximately round cross section.
  • the invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the casting method according to the invention is intended to achieve an improved cooling of the strand crust in the mold, an improved strand quality and an increased casting capacity.
  • the new casting process is to be optimized for the operational operations occurring in practice, such as starting up, changing the pouring pipe, changing the intermediate vessel, changing the ladle, end of pouring, malfunctions, etc., thereby further improving both the strand quality and the mold durability.
  • the casting method according to the invention it is possible to force cooling in the case of billets and pre-block cross sections to be uniform in all circumferential sections and dimensionable in terms of their intensity.
  • the crystallization of the strand crust can be influenced, the casting performance increased and the strand quality improved. Skewed edges, surface and structural defects can be avoided.
  • the inventor method according to the invention Due to the ongoing adjustment of the deformation length of the strand crust within the mold during the casting operation, the inventor method according to the invention, the uniformity of the cooling can be improved even with different casting parameters. Quality defects on the strand and the risk of strand breaks and breakthroughs can be significantly reduced in the case of strongly changing casting parameters. The life of the mold can also be extended.
  • the extent of the total recovery of the bulge is determined by the arc height of the bulge, by the angle which forms the conicity of the bulge, and by the bath level within the partial length.
  • the reshaping is generally proportional to the partial height of the bath level within the partial length. Instead of a constant taper of the bulge, it can also be chosen to be degressive, progressive, etc.
  • the degree of reshaping of the bulge during the ongoing casting is generally specified in mm.
  • the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined in such a way that a friction value optimized to the existing casting parameters is maintained.
  • a measurement of the extraction force on the driver can also be used as a parameter.
  • the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined by running measurements of casting parameters or else by mathematical models which determine the steel analysis, the superheating and casting temperature, the selected casting speed, the type of lubricant and / or the heat flow take the mold into account.
  • the bath level is set at the lower end point of the partial length of the mold or lower.
  • two opposite bulges enclose approximately 90% of the strand circumference.
  • it is particularly advantageous in the case of approximately round cross sections if three bulges distributed uniformly over the circumference are reshaped. In the case of square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. cross-sections, all sides of the circumference that limit the cross-section are generally provided with reshapable bulges.
  • the strand cross-section is reduced by a small amount due to the shrinkage of the strand crust.
  • a deliberate deformation does not take place.
  • the size range being between 4% and 15%, preferably between 6% and 10%.
  • the uncontrolled lifting of the strand crust in the prior art molds has made the lengthening of billet and pre-block molds seem to be of little use.
  • the controlled reshaping of bulges combined with a large area for setting the target bath level, makes it useful for the first time that, according to a further exemplary embodiment, the strand forming in the mold is dependent on the casting parameters via a variable primary cooling path, e.g. between 500 and 1000 mm, is cooled.
  • the reshaping of the bulge of the strand crust is set to a length that is between 0 and 40% of the mold length.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tubular mold according to line I-I of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the mold according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through a mold wall.
  • a mold 3 for the continuous casting of polygonal strand cross sections, in the present example of a square strand cross section, is shown.
  • An arrow 4 points to a pouring side and an arrow 5 to a strand exit side of the mold 3.
  • the cross sections of a mold cavity 6 have different geometrical shapes on the pouring and strand exit side.
  • the cross section of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 between the corners 8 - 8 ′′ * is provided with cross sectional enlargements in the form of bulges 9.
  • An arc height 10 which represents the extent of the bulge, decreases continuously in the strand running direction 11 over a partial length 12 of the mold cavity 6.
  • the mold cavity cross sections in the levels 14 and 15 delimit a mold part 13 with a square cross section with fillets 16, as is known in the prior art.
  • a circumferential line 17 shows the mold cavity cross section in the plane 14 and a circumferential line 18 the mold cavity cross section in the plane 15.
  • the cross section of the mold cavity 6 is straight on all sides between the corners 8 on the mold exit side.
  • An arrow 2 denotes a peripheral section of the peripheral lines of the mold cavity 6.
  • circumferential sections with similar cross-sectional enlargements 7 are provided.
  • a hexagonal, rectangular, approximately round, etc. cross section could also serve as the basic shape.
  • a light dimension 20 between opposite sides of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 in the area of the largest bulge is 5 to 15% larger than a light dimension 21 between the opposite sides on the strand exit side 5.
  • the light dimension 20 can be at least 8% larger than the light dimension 21 in the plane 15 at the end of the partial length 12.
  • the bend height 10 of the bulge 9 decreases continuously in the direction 11 of the strand with subsequent cross sections.
  • the taper of the maximum arch height 10 along a line 24 can be selected from 8 to 35% / m.
  • the part length 12 in this example is 400 mm or about 40% of the mold length, which measures about 1000 mm.
  • the computer 40 schematically shows a computer to which the information 41-45 is supplied, 41 the steel analysis, 42 the superheating temperature, 43 the casting temperature in the intermediate vessel, 44 the mold and lubricant parameters and 45 the continuously measured friction value between the mold and the strand represent.
  • the computer 40 calculates the bath level height, which determines the extent of the reshaping, for the various operating states, such as casting, full load casting, casting interruption, pouring end, etc., and then uses the stopper or slide control 47 to determine the metal flow into the mold and the strand withdrawal speed 48 accordingly controlled to bring the bath level to the desired height within the mold.
  • Fig. 3 shows how the degree of reshaping is measured.
  • the sloping inner contour 30 of the bulge 32 along the bulge center ends in the plane 31. In the strand running direction, the bulge runs in a straight line in this vertical section. However, it could also be limited by a degressive or S-shaped curve etc.
  • a bath level 35 lies at the height shown, the degree of the reshaping of the bulge corresponds to the length of the arrow 36. If the bath level drops to the height 35 "indicated by dash-dotted lines, the degree of the reshaping of the bulge is reduced by the length 37. If the extent of the reshaping is to be zero at a standstill, the bath level is lowered to the end point 38 of the partial length 39 or below.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by the following method steps.
  • the parameters 44 of the mold used and of the cast metal 41-43 are entered into the computer.
  • the computer takes the friction values optimized for these parameters at different casting speeds with the associated bath level heights for starting up, for full load operation, for reduced casting operation and for ending the casting.
  • the superheating and casting temperature of the casting metal is entered into the computer as a correction factor for each measurement.
  • the measured friction values 45 are continuously compared with the optimized friction values assigned to each casting operation.
  • the degree of reshaping of the bulge is increased or decreased by specifying a higher or lower bath level in the area of the partial length.
  • the friction measurement of the strand in the mold is given priority over the other casting parameters.
  • the strand extraction force can also be selected as the guide variable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Molten steel is continuously teemed into a casting passage to establish a bath of molten steel in the passage. The molten steel is partially solidified in the casting passage to form a strand having a plurality of bulges which are uniformly distributed circumferentially of the strand. The strand is continuously withdrawn from the casting passage and the bulges are deformed during strand withdrawal so as to reduce bulge size. The amount of deformation is regulated by varying the bath level as a function of one or more casting parameters.

Description

Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metall, insbesondere von Stahl in Knüppel- und VorblockquerschnitteProcess for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel, in billet and billet cross-sections
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metall, insbesondere von Stahl in Knüppel- und Vorblock¬ querschnitte mit polygonalem oder etwa rundem Querschnitt.The invention relates to a process for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel, in billet and billet cross sections with a polygonal or approximately round cross section.
Seit den Anfängen des Stranggiessens mit Durchlaufkokillen hat sich die Fachwelt mit dem Problem der Bildung von Luftspalten zwischen Strangkruste und Kokillenwand unter¬ halb des Badspiegels befasst. Dieser Spalt vermindert den Wärmeübergang zwischen Kokille und Strangkruste ganz we¬ sentlich und verursacht eine ungleichmässige Kühlung der Strangkruste, die zu Strangfehlern, wie Rhomboi-dität, Risse, Gefügefehler etc., führt. Um über die ganze Kokil¬ lenlänge einen möglichst allseitig guten Kontakt der Strangkruste zur Kokillenwand und damit die bestmöglichen Bedingungen für die Wärmeabfuhr zu schaffen, sind viele Vorschläge, wie Schreitbalken (Walking Beams) , Kühlmittel¬ einpressen in den Luftspalt, Kokillenhohlraum mit unter¬ schiedlichen Konizitäten etc., vorgeschlagen worden.Since the beginning of continuous casting with continuous molds, experts have dealt with the problem of the formation of air gaps between the strand crust and the mold wall below the bath level. This gap significantly reduces the heat transfer between the mold and the strand crust and causes an uneven cooling of the strand crust, which leads to strand defects, such as rhomboidality, cracks, structural defects, etc. In order to create the best possible all-round contact of the strand crust with the mold wall over the entire length of the mold and thus the best possible conditions for heat dissipation, many suggestions are made, such as walking beams, pressing coolant into the air gap, mold cavity with different ones Conicities etc. have been proposed.
Aus der US-PS 4'207*941, die den Oberbegriff bildet, sind Kokillen zum Stranggiessen von Stahlsträngen mit polygona¬ len, insbesondere mit quadratischen Querschnitten, be¬ kannt. Der Querschnitt eines beidseitig offenen Formhohl¬ raumes ist auf der Eingiessseite ein Quadrat mit Eckhohl¬ kehlen und auf der Strangaustrittsseite ein unregelmässi- ges Zwölfeck. In den Eckbereichen wird zur Eckhohlkehle hin der Giesskonus in Stranglaufrichtung stetig vergrössert, und er ist im Bereich der Hohlkehle auf einer Teillänge der Kokille etwa doppelt so gross wie im Mittelbereich der Kokillenwand. Beim Giessen mit solchen Kokillen können Verklemmungen des Stranges innerhalb der Kokille auftre¬ ten, die zu Strangabrissen und Durchbrüchen führen. Auch wird anstelle eines Quadrates ein Zwölfeck gegossen. Insbe¬ sondere ist es schwierig, solche Kokillen für unterschied¬ liche Giessgeschwindigkeiten zu dimensionieren, wie sie bei langen Sequenzgüssen mit vielen Pfannenwechseln unver¬ meidbar sind.From US Pat. No. 4,207,941, which forms the generic term, molds for the continuous casting of steel strands with polygonal, in particular with square cross sections, are known. The cross section of a mold cavity open on both sides is a square with corner grooves on the pouring side and an irregular dodecagon on the strand exit side. In the corner areas the corner fillet becomes the casting cone is continuously enlarged in the direction of the strand, and it is about twice as large in the area of the fillet over a partial length of the mold as in the central region of the mold wall. When casting with such molds, jamming of the strand inside the mold can occur, which leads to strand breaks and breakthroughs. A twelve-corner is cast instead of a square. In particular, it is difficult to dimension molds of this type for different casting speeds, as are unavoidable in the case of long sequence castings with many ladle changes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die genannten Nachteile zu überwinden. Insbesondere soll durch das erfin- dungsgemässe Giessverfahren eine verbesserte Kühlung der Strangkruste in der Kokille, eine verbesserte Strangquali¬ tät und eine erhöhte Giessleistung erreicht werden. Im weiteren soll das neue Giessverfahren für die' in der Pra¬ xis vorkommenden Betriebsoperationen, wie Anfahren, Giess- rohrwechsel, Zwischengefässwechsel, Pfannenwechsel, Giess- ende, Störungen etc. , optimiert und dadurch sowohl die Strangqualität als auch die Kokillenhaltbarkeit zusätzlich verbessert werden.The invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, the casting method according to the invention is intended to achieve an improved cooling of the strand crust in the mold, an improved strand quality and an increased casting capacity. Furthermore, the new casting process is to be optimized for the operational operations occurring in practice, such as starting up, changing the pouring pipe, changing the intermediate vessel, changing the ladle, end of pouring, malfunctions, etc., thereby further improving both the strand quality and the mold durability.
Gemäss der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Gesamt¬ heit der Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Giessverfahren ist es möglich, bei Knüppeln und Vorblockquerschnitten eine in allen Um- fangsabschnitten gleichmässige und in ihrer Intensität in vorgegebenen Grenzen bemessbare Kühlung aufzuzwingen. Da¬ durch kann die Kristallisation der Strangkruste beein- flusst, die Giessleistung erhöht und die Strangqualität verbessert werden. Spiesskantigkeit, Oberflächen- und Gefü¬ gefehler sind vermeidbar. Durch die laufende Anpassung der Verformungslänge der Strangkruste innerhalb der Kokille während des Giessbetriebes kann im weiteren bei dem erfin- dungsgemässen Verfahren die Gleichmässigkeit der Kühlung auch bei unterschiedlichen Giessparametern verbessert werden. Qualitätsfehler am Strang und die Gefahr für Strangabrisse und Durchbrüche können bei stark wechselnden Giessparametern wesentlich reduziert werden. Im weiteren kann die Standzeit der Kokille verlängert werden.With the casting method according to the invention, it is possible to force cooling in the case of billets and pre-block cross sections to be uniform in all circumferential sections and dimensionable in terms of their intensity. As a result, the crystallization of the strand crust can be influenced, the casting performance increased and the strand quality improved. Skewed edges, surface and structural defects can be avoided. Due to the ongoing adjustment of the deformation length of the strand crust within the mold during the casting operation, the inventor method according to the invention, the uniformity of the cooling can be improved even with different casting parameters. Quality defects on the strand and the risk of strand breaks and breakthroughs can be significantly reduced in the case of strongly changing casting parameters. The life of the mold can also be extended.
Das Mass der Gesamtrückformung der Ausbauchung wird durch die Bogenhδhe der Ausbauchung, durch den Winkel, der die Konizität der Ausbauchung bildet, und durch die Badspiegel¬ höhe innerhalb der Teillänge bestimmt. Die Rückformung ist in der Regel proportional zur Teilhδhe des Badspiegels innerhalb der Teillänge. Anstelle einer stetigen Konizität der Ausbauchung kann sie auch degressiv, progressiv etc. gewählt werden. Das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung während des laufenden Gusses wird in der Regel in mm fest¬ gelegt.The extent of the total recovery of the bulge is determined by the arc height of the bulge, by the angle which forms the conicity of the bulge, and by the bath level within the partial length. The reshaping is generally proportional to the partial height of the bath level within the partial length. Instead of a constant taper of the bulge, it can also be chosen to be degressive, progressive, etc. The degree of reshaping of the bulge during the ongoing casting is generally specified in mm.
Wird an einer Stranggiessanlage die Reibung zwischen Strang und Kokille gemessen, so kann gemäss einem Ausfüh¬ rungsbeispiel das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung so bestimmt werden, dass ein auf die vorhandenen Giesspa- rameter optimierter Reibungswert eingehalten wird. Anstel¬ le der Reibungsmessung zwischen Strang und Kokille kann auch eine Messung der Auεziehkraft am Treiber als Parame¬ ter verwendet werden.If the friction between the strand and the mold is measured on a continuous caster, then according to an exemplary embodiment, the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined in such a way that a friction value optimized to the existing casting parameters is maintained. Instead of measuring the friction between the strand and the mold, a measurement of the extraction force on the driver can also be used as a parameter.
Das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung kann durch laufen¬ de Messungen von Giessparametern oder aber durch mathemati¬ sche Modelle festgelegt werden, die die Stahlanalyse, die Ueberhitzungs- und Giesstemperatur, die gewählte Giessge- schwindigkeit, die Art des Schmiermittels und/oder den Wärmestrom in der Kokille berücksichtigen.The degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined by running measurements of casting parameters or else by mathematical models which determine the steel analysis, the superheating and casting temperature, the selected casting speed, the type of lubricant and / or the heat flow take the mold into account.
Bei einem Stillstand kann eine Rückformung Null erreicht werden, wenn beispielsweise der Badspiegel am unteren Endpunkt der Teillänge der Kokille oder tiefer festgelegt wird. Bei im wesentlichen runden Querschnitten ist es denkbar, dass zwei gegenüberliegende Ausbauchungen etwa 90 % des Strangumfanges einschliessen. Gemäss einem Ausführungsbei- εpiel ist es bei etwa runden Querschnitten besonders vor¬ teilhaft, wenn drei gleichmässig über den Umfang verteilte Ausbauchungen zurückgeformt werden. Bei quadratischen, rechteckigen, sechseckigen etc. Querschnitten werden in der Regel alle den Querschnitt begrenzenden Seiten des Umfanges mit rückformbaren Ausbauchungen versehen.When the machine is at a standstill, zero recovery can be achieved if, for example, the bath level is set at the lower end point of the partial length of the mold or lower. With essentially round cross sections, it is conceivable that two opposite bulges enclose approximately 90% of the strand circumference. According to one embodiment, it is particularly advantageous in the case of approximately round cross sections if three bulges distributed uniformly over the circumference are reshaped. In the case of square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. cross-sections, all sides of the circumference that limit the cross-section are generally provided with reshapable bulges.
Beim Durchlauf der sich bildenden Strangkruste durch eine Stand der Technik Kokille reduziert sich der Strangquer¬ schnitt durch Schwindung der Strangkruste um ein geringes Mass. Eine gewollte Verformung findet dabei nicht statt. Durch die Rückformung der Ausbauchung zwischen Giessspie- gel und dem Ende der Teillänge wird eine zusätzliche Reduk¬ tion des Strangquerschnittes erreicht, wobei die Grδssen- ordnung zwischen 4 % und 15 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 % und 10 %, liegt.When the strand crust that forms is passed through a prior art mold, the strand cross-section is reduced by a small amount due to the shrinkage of the strand crust. A deliberate deformation does not take place. By reshaping the bulge between the casting level and the end of the partial length, an additional reduction in the strand cross-section is achieved, the size range being between 4% and 15%, preferably between 6% and 10%.
Das unkontrollierte Abheben der Strangkruste bei Stand der Technik Kokillen hat ein Verlängern von Knüppel- und Vor¬ blockkokillen wenig sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. Die kon¬ trollierte Rückformung von Ausbauchungen, verbunden mit einem grossen Bereich für das Einstellen der Sollbadspie¬ gelhöhe, macht es erstmals sinnvoll, dass, gemäss einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, der in der Kokille sich bildende Strang in Abhängigkeit der Giessparameter über eine variable Primärkühlstrecke, z.B. zwischen 500 und 1000 mm, gekühlt wird. Die Rückformung der Ausbauchung der Strangkruste wird dabei auf einen Längenabschnitt einge¬ stellt, der zwischen 0 und 40 % der Kokillenlänge beträgt.The uncontrolled lifting of the strand crust in the prior art molds has made the lengthening of billet and pre-block molds seem to be of little use. The controlled reshaping of bulges, combined with a large area for setting the target bath level, makes it useful for the first time that, according to a further exemplary embodiment, the strand forming in the mold is dependent on the casting parameters via a variable primary cooling path, e.g. between 500 and 1000 mm, is cooled. The reshaping of the bulge of the strand crust is set to a length that is between 0 and 40% of the mold length.
Im nachfolgenden werden anhand von Figuren Ausführungsbei- spiele der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rohrkokille nach, der Linie I-I von Fig. 2, Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Kokille gemäss Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Kokillenwand.1 shows a longitudinal section through a tubular mold according to line I-I of FIG. 2, FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the mold according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through a mold wall.
In Fig. 1 und 2 ist eine Kokille 3 zum Stranggiessen von polygonalen Strangquerschnitten, im vorliegenden Beispiel von einem quadratischen Strangquerschnitt, dargestellt. Ein Pfeil 4 zeigt auf eine Eingiessseite und ein Pfeil 5 auf eine Strangaustrittsseite der Kokille 3. Die Quer¬ schnitte eines Formhohlraumes 6 weisen auf der Eingiess- und Strangaustrittsseite unterschiedliche geometrische Formen auf. Wie am besten in Fig. 2 erkennbar, ist der Querschnitt des Formhohlraumes 6 auf der Eingiessseite 4 zwischen den Ecken 8 - 8' ' * mit Querschnittsvergrösserun- gen in der Form von Ausbauchungen 9 versehen. Eine Bogenhö- he 10, die das Mass der Ausbauchung darstellt, nimmt in Stranglaufrichtung 11 auf einer Teillänge 12 des Formhohl¬ raumes 6 stetig ab. Die Formhohlraumquerschnitte in den Ebenen 14 und 15 begrenzen einen Kokillenteil 13 mit qua¬ dratischem Querschnitt mit Hohlkehlen 16, wie im Stand der Technik bekannt.1 and 2, a mold 3 for the continuous casting of polygonal strand cross sections, in the present example of a square strand cross section, is shown. An arrow 4 points to a pouring side and an arrow 5 to a strand exit side of the mold 3. The cross sections of a mold cavity 6 have different geometrical shapes on the pouring and strand exit side. As can best be seen in FIG. 2, the cross section of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 between the corners 8 - 8 ″ * is provided with cross sectional enlargements in the form of bulges 9. An arc height 10, which represents the extent of the bulge, decreases continuously in the strand running direction 11 over a partial length 12 of the mold cavity 6. The mold cavity cross sections in the levels 14 and 15 delimit a mold part 13 with a square cross section with fillets 16, as is known in the prior art.
Eine Umfangslinie 17 zeigt den Formhohlraumquerschnitt in der Ebene 14 und eine Umfangslinie 18 den Formhohlraumquer¬ schnitt in der Ebene 15. Der Querschnitt des Formhohlrau¬ mes 6 ist auf der Kokillenaustrittsseite allseitig zwi¬ schen den Ecken 8 geradlinig. Mit einem Pfeil 2 ist ein Umfangsabschnitt der Umfangslinien des Formhohlraumes 6 bezeichnet. Bei dieser Koille sind 4 Umfangsabschnitte mit gleichartigen Querschnittsvergrösserungen 7 vorgesehen. Anstelle der quadratischen Grundform des Formhohlraumes 6 könnte auch ein sechseckiger, rechteckiger, etwa runder etc. Querschnitt als Grundform dienen. Ein Lichtmass 20 zwischen gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Formhohlraumes 6 auf der Eingiessseite 4 im Bereich der grössten Ausbauchung ist gegenüber einem Lichtmass 21 zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Seiten auf der Strangaus¬ trittsseite 5 um 5 - 15 % grösser. Das Lichtmass 20 kann, anders ausgedrückt, mindestens 8 % grösser als das Licht¬ mass 21 in der Ebene 15 am Ende der Teillänge 12 sein.A circumferential line 17 shows the mold cavity cross section in the plane 14 and a circumferential line 18 the mold cavity cross section in the plane 15. The cross section of the mold cavity 6 is straight on all sides between the corners 8 on the mold exit side. An arrow 2 denotes a peripheral section of the peripheral lines of the mold cavity 6. In this coil 4 circumferential sections with similar cross-sectional enlargements 7 are provided. Instead of the square basic shape of the mold cavity 6, a hexagonal, rectangular, approximately round, etc. cross section could also serve as the basic shape. A light dimension 20 between opposite sides of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 in the area of the largest bulge is 5 to 15% larger than a light dimension 21 between the opposite sides on the strand exit side 5. In other words, the light dimension 20 can be at least 8% larger than the light dimension 21 in the plane 15 at the end of the partial length 12.
Die Bogenhöhe 10 der Ausbauchung 9 nimmt in Stranglaufrich¬ tung 11 bei sich folgenden Querschnitten stetig ab. Die Konizität der maximalen Bogenhöhe 10 entlang einer Linie 24 kann 8 - 35 %/m gewählt werden.The bend height 10 of the bulge 9 decreases continuously in the direction 11 of the strand with subsequent cross sections. The taper of the maximum arch height 10 along a line 24 can be selected from 8 to 35% / m.
Die Teillänge 12 ist in diesem Beispiel 400 mm oder etwa 40 % der Kokillenlänge, die etwa 1000 mm misst.The part length 12 in this example is 400 mm or about 40% of the mold length, which measures about 1000 mm.
Mit 40 ist schematisch ein Computer dargestellt, welchem die Informationen 41 - 45 zugeführt werden, wobei 41 die Stahlanalyse, 42 die Ueberhitzungstemperatur, 43 die Giesstemperatur im Zwischengefäss, 44 die Kokillen- und Schmiermittelparameter und 45 der laufend gemessene Rei¬ bungswert zwischen Kokille und Strang darstellen. Vom Computer 40 wird für die verschiedenen Betriebszustände, wie Angiessen, Vollastgiessen, Giessunterbruch, Giessende etc., die Badspiegelhöhe, die das Mass der Rückformung bestimmt, errechnet und anschliessend mit der Stopfen¬ oder Schiebersteuerung 47 der Metallzufluss in die Kokille und die Strangabzugsgeschwindigkeit 48 entsprechend gesteu¬ ert, um den Badspiegel in die gewünschte Höhenlage inner¬ halb der Kokille zu bringen.40 schematically shows a computer to which the information 41-45 is supplied, 41 the steel analysis, 42 the superheating temperature, 43 the casting temperature in the intermediate vessel, 44 the mold and lubricant parameters and 45 the continuously measured friction value between the mold and the strand represent. The computer 40 calculates the bath level height, which determines the extent of the reshaping, for the various operating states, such as casting, full load casting, casting interruption, pouring end, etc., and then uses the stopper or slide control 47 to determine the metal flow into the mold and the strand withdrawal speed 48 accordingly controlled to bring the bath level to the desired height within the mold.
Fig. 3 zeigt, wie das Mass der Rückformung gemessen wird. Die schräg verlaufende Innenkontur 30 der Ausbauchung 32 entlang der Ausbauchungsmitte endet in der Ebene 31. In Stranglaufrichtung verläuft die Ausbauchung in diesem Vertikalschnitt geradlinig. Sie könnte aber auch durch eine degressive oder S-förmige Kurve etc. begrenzt sein. Liegt ein Badspiegel 35 auf der dargestellten Höhe, so ist das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung entsprechend der Länge des Pfeiles 36. Sinkt der Badspiegel auf die strich¬ punktiert angedeutete Höhe 35" ab, so vermindert sich das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung um die Länge 37. Soll das Mass der Rückformung bei einem Stillstand Null sein, so wird der Badspiegel bis an den Endpunkt 38 der Teillän¬ ge 39 oder darunter abgesenkt.Fig. 3 shows how the degree of reshaping is measured. The sloping inner contour 30 of the bulge 32 along the bulge center ends in the plane 31. In the strand running direction, the bulge runs in a straight line in this vertical section. However, it could also be limited by a degressive or S-shaped curve etc. If a bath level 35 lies at the height shown, the degree of the reshaping of the bulge corresponds to the length of the arrow 36. If the bath level drops to the height 35 "indicated by dash-dotted lines, the degree of the reshaping of the bulge is reduced by the length 37. If the extent of the reshaping is to be zero at a standstill, the bath level is lowered to the end point 38 of the partial length 39 or below.
Nach einer Ausführungsvariante zeichnet sich das erfin- dungsgemässe Verfahren durch folgende Verfahrensschritte aus. Beim Angiessen eines neuen Stranges oder einer Se¬ quenz werden die Parameter 44 der verwendeten Kokille und des Giessmetalles 41 - 43 in den Computer eingegeben. Aus dem Speicher entnimmt der Computer die für diese Parameter optimierten Reibungswerte bei unterschiedlichen Giessge- schwindigkeiten mit den dazugehörigen Badspiegelhöhen für das Anfahren, für den Volllastbetrieb, für reduzierten Giessbetrieb und für das Beenden des Gusses. Während des Giessens wird die Ueberhitzungs- und Giesstemperatur des Giessmetalles als Korrekturfaktor bei jeder Messung in den Computer eingegeben. Die gemessenen Reibungswerte 45 wer¬ den laufend mit den optimierten Reibungswerten, die jeder Giessoperation zugeordnet sind, verglichen. Bei Abweichun¬ gen wird das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung durch Festlegung einer höheren oder niedrigeren Badspiegelhöhe im Bereich der Teillänge vergrössert bzw. verkleinert. Bei diesem Beispiel wird der Reibungsmessung des Stranges in der Kokille gegenüber den anderen Giessparametern eine prioritäre Stellung eingeräumt. Anstelle des Reibungswer¬ tes kann als Führungsgrösse auch die Strangausziehkraft gewählt werden.According to an embodiment variant, the method according to the invention is characterized by the following method steps. When a new strand or a sequence is cast on, the parameters 44 of the mold used and of the cast metal 41-43 are entered into the computer. From the memory, the computer takes the friction values optimized for these parameters at different casting speeds with the associated bath level heights for starting up, for full load operation, for reduced casting operation and for ending the casting. During casting, the superheating and casting temperature of the casting metal is entered into the computer as a correction factor for each measurement. The measured friction values 45 are continuously compared with the optimized friction values assigned to each casting operation. In the event of deviations, the degree of reshaping of the bulge is increased or decreased by specifying a higher or lower bath level in the area of the partial length. In this example, the friction measurement of the strand in the mold is given priority over the other casting parameters. Instead of the coefficient of friction, the strand extraction force can also be selected as the guide variable.
Die für dieses Verfahren verwendeten Kokillen sind in der EP-Patentanmeldung 92101506.1 ausführlich beschrieben und figürlich dargestellt. Die Offenbarung der Erfindung stützt sich somit zusätzlich auf diese Publikation ab. The molds used for this process are described in detail in EP patent application 92101506.1 and shown in figures. The disclosure of the invention is thus additionally based on this publication.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R U E C H E PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metall, insbesondere von Stahl in Knüppel- und Vorblockquerschnitte mit polygonalem oder etwa rundem Querschnitt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahl in eine Kokille (3) mit einem eingiessseitigen Querschnitt, der über den Um¬ fang des Formhohlraumes (6) verteilte Abschnitte (2) mit Ausbauchungen (9) aufweist, eingebracht, die in der Kokille (3) sich bildende ausgebauchte Kruste entlang mindestens innerhalb einer Teillänge (12) der Kokille (3) verformt und das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) durch Einstellung einer entspre¬ chenden Badspiegelhδhe (35) innerhalb der Teillänge (12) der Kokille (3) in Abhängigkeit der Giesspa- rameter bestimmt wird.1. A process for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel in billet and billet cross-sections with a polygonal or approximately round cross-section, characterized in that the steel is in a mold (3) with a pour-in cross-section which extends over the circumference of the mold cavity (6 ) distributed sections (2) with bulges (9), introduced, the bulged crust forming in the mold (3) deforms along at least within a partial length (12) of the mold (3) and the extent of the recovery (36) of the bulge (9) is determined by setting a corresponding bath level height (35) within the partial length (12) of the mold (3) as a function of the casting parameters.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) in mm festgelegt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) is determined in mm.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbau¬ chung (9) in Abhängigkeit der Stahlanalyse und der gewählten Giessgeschwindigkeit bestimmt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the lining (9) is determined depending on the steel analysis and the selected casting speed.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) in Abhängigkeit der Ueberhitzungs- und/oder Giesstemperatur bestimmt wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) is determined as a function of the superheating and / or casting temperature.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) in einer mathematischen Funktion zur Giessgeschwindigkeit festgelegt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) is determined in a mathematical function of the casting speed.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Reibung zwischen Strang und Kokille bestimmt wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the degree of reshaping (36) of the Bulge (9) is determined depending on the measured friction between the strand and the mold.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) laufend auf einen optimierten Reibungswert angepasst wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) is continuously adapted to an optimized coefficient of friction.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) bei einem Stillstand der Metallzufuhr auf Null reduziert und die Badspiegelhöhe am Endpunkt (38) der Teillänge (12) oder tiefer eingestellt wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the amount of reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) is reduced to zero when the metal supply is at a standstill and the bath level at the end point (38) of the partial length (12) or lower is set.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens drei über den Umfang verteilte Ausbauchungen (9) zurückgeformt werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that at least three bulges (9) distributed over the circumference are reshaped.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens drei gleichmässig über den Umfang verteilte Ausbauchungen (9) zurückgeformt werden.10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that at least three bulges (9) distributed uniformly over the circumference are reshaped.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Rückformung der Ausbau¬ chungen (9) zwischen Giessspiegel (35) und Ende der Teillänge (12) der Strangquerschnitt um 4 % - 15 %, vorzugsweise um 6 % - 10 %, reduziert wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the reshaping of the Auschungen (9) between the casting mirror (35) and the end of the partial length (12) of the strand cross-section by 4% - 15%, preferably by 6% - 10%, is reduced.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die momentanen Giessparameter (41 - 45) , wie Stahlanalyse, Ueberhitzungs- und Stahltempe- ratur im Zwischengefäss, Giessgeschwindigkeit, Strang¬ querschnitt, Konizität und Länge der Ausbauchung des Formhohlraumes, Giessschmiermittel, Reibungswerte etc., einem Computer (40) zugeführt, mit entsprechen¬ den Sollwerten verglichen, bei Abweichungen das Mass der Soll-Rückformung der1A0usbauchung festgelegt und der Steuerung (46) die Korrektur der Sollbadspiegelhö¬ he zugeführt wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the current casting parameters (41 - 45), such as steel analysis, superheating and steel temperature in the intermediate vessel, casting speed, strand cross-section, conicity and length of the bulge of the mold cavity, Casting lubricant, friction values, etc., fed to a computer (40), compared with corresponding setpoints, the measure in the event of deviations the target reshaping of the bulge and the controller (46) is supplied with the correction of the target bath level.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sich bildende Strang in Abhän¬ gigkeit der momentanen Giessparameter (41 - 45) über eine Primärkühlstrecke zwischen 500 und 1000 mm inner¬ halb der Kokille gekühlt wird.13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the strand being formed is cooled within the mold depending on the current casting parameters (41-45) over a primary cooling section between 500 and 1000 mm.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Rückformung der Ausbau¬ chung der Strangkruste eine Teillänge (12) zwischen Null und 60 % der Kokillenlänge gewählt wird.14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that a partial length (12) between zero and 60% of the mold length is selected for the reshaping of the lining crust of the strand crust.
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mass der Rückformung (36) der Ausbauchung (9) in Abhängigkeit der Wärmestromdichte in der Kokille, vorzugweise in der Teillänge (12) , bestimmt wird. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the extent of the reshaping (36) of the bulge (9) depending on the heat flow density in the mold, preferably in the partial length (12), is determined.
EP93903980A 1992-03-05 1993-02-17 Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms Expired - Lifetime EP0627968B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH690/92 1992-03-05
CH69092 1992-03-05
PCT/EP1993/000372 WO1993017817A1 (en) 1992-03-05 1993-02-17 Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0627968A1 true EP0627968A1 (en) 1994-12-14
EP0627968B1 EP0627968B1 (en) 1995-11-02

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AT (1) ATE129654T1 (en)
AU (1) AU659287B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2129964C (en)
CZ (1) CZ292822B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59300864D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0627968T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2082631T3 (en)
FI (1) FI100316B (en)
GE (1) GEP19991523B (en)
GR (1) GR3018150T3 (en)
MX (1) MX9301186A (en)
TR (1) TR28425A (en)
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IT1267244B1 (en) * 1994-05-30 1997-01-28 Danieli Off Mecc CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR STEELS WITH A HIGH CARBON CONTENT
AT404235B (en) * 1995-04-18 1998-09-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE
US6270590B1 (en) 1995-08-03 2001-08-07 Europa Metalli S.P.A. Low lead release plumbing components made of copper based alloys containing lead, and a method for obtaining the same
GB2332635B (en) * 1996-09-03 2000-07-05 Ag Industries Inc Improved mold surface for continuous casting and process for making
EP0875312A1 (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-04 Kvaerner Metals Continuous Casting Limited Improvements in and relating to casting
ES2152132B1 (en) * 1997-07-31 2001-07-01 Sidenor Investigacion Y Desarr "LINGOTERA PERFECTED AND LINGOTE OBTAINED WITH THE SAME".
US6461534B2 (en) 1997-11-19 2002-10-08 Europa Metalli S. P. A. Low lead release plumbing components made of copper based alloys containing lead, and a method for obtaining the same
CH693130A5 (en) * 1998-05-18 2003-03-14 Concast Standard Ag Mold for the continuous casting of substantially polygonal strands.
US7493936B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-02-24 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Continuous casting method
EP2025432B2 (en) * 2007-07-27 2017-08-30 Concast Ag Method for creating steel long products through strand casting and rolling
CN104923755B (en) * 2015-06-08 2017-01-04 西安理工大学 Eliminate the anti-circular measure of flat spheroidal graphite cast-iron section bar bulge defect

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CN1076147A (en) 1993-09-15
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ZA931284B (en) 1993-09-17
CZ292822B6 (en) 2003-12-17
FI944030A (en) 1994-09-02
GEP19991523B (en) 1999-03-05
CA2129964A1 (en) 1993-09-16
MX9301186A (en) 1994-07-29
KR970008034B1 (en) 1997-05-20
DK0627968T3 (en) 1996-01-08
GR3018150T3 (en) 1996-02-29
AU659287B2 (en) 1995-05-11
CA2129964C (en) 2000-04-11
CN1054558C (en) 2000-07-19
US5469910A (en) 1995-11-28
ATE129654T1 (en) 1995-11-15
BR9306021A (en) 1997-11-18
EP0627968B1 (en) 1995-11-02
JPH07503410A (en) 1995-04-13
AU3497593A (en) 1993-10-05
FI100316B (en) 1997-11-14
TR28425A (en) 1996-06-14
DE59300864D1 (en) 1995-12-07
CZ213994A3 (en) 1996-05-15
KR950700138A (en) 1995-01-16
ES2082631T3 (en) 1996-03-16

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