EP0627717A1 - Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0627717A1
EP0627717A1 EP94107433A EP94107433A EP0627717A1 EP 0627717 A1 EP0627717 A1 EP 0627717A1 EP 94107433 A EP94107433 A EP 94107433A EP 94107433 A EP94107433 A EP 94107433A EP 0627717 A1 EP0627717 A1 EP 0627717A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
receiving
transmitting
antennas
profile
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Granted
Application number
EP94107433A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0627717B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Grabow
Felix Dipl.-Ing. Dobias
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and transmitting / receiving devices on board objects that move relative to the base station, preferably in lanes, in particular vehicles, with the aid of an antenna arrangement with a plurality of receiving antennas, the reception profiles of which can be electronically aligned to a vehicle , wherein the transceivers send a response signal with the same carrier frequency on a received signal, the level of which is proportional to the level of the received signal.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a method of the type mentioned is known from DE 41 07 803 A1. Automatic payment of toll fees is listed as one possible application of the query arrangement described therein. Every vehicle that has to pay a toll fee is equipped with an automatic debit facility that interacts with the transceiver on board the vehicle. A data exchange takes place between the base station and the transceiver. The debiting facility first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt to the base station. During this process, a reception profile is generated with antenna elements of the antennas of the base station for the vehicle in question. If necessary, the reception profile can be tracked to the moving vehicle.
  • the transceivers on board the vehicles expediently work as transponders send the received signal back in modulated form. Accordingly, the response signal has the same carrier frequency as the signal transmitted by the base station. In addition, its level is proportional to the level of the received signal.
  • the reception antenna Since the assignment of vehicles and the suppression of interference signals belonging to other vehicles is achieved by the reception profile of the reception antenna, the reception antenna must be designed such that e.g. only one vehicle can stop within the associated coverage area.
  • the alignment properties of the receiving antenna must ensure that there is a strong attenuation of signals outside the desired coverage area in order to avoid incorrect assignment of the signals from neighboring vehicles.
  • a reduction of the signals outside the main lobe of the antenna that is required in practice is, for example, -40 dB.
  • the receiving antenna In order to achieve this attenuation value, the receiving antenna must be designed with a large number of antenna elements, so that considerable effort is required.
  • each receiving antenna is assigned a transmitting antenna and in that the transmitting antenna transmits signals with a transmitting profile corresponding to the receiving profile of the receiving antenna.
  • the side lobe attenuation is brought about exclusively by the reception profile of the reception antenna and broad-beam transmission antennas, that is to say which cover several vehicles, are provided
  • a plurality of transmission antennas are provided, who send out their signals with a transmission profile that corresponds to the reception profile of an associated reception antenna. Since the transceivers also send the emitted signals back on board from other potentially disruptive moving objects, using the transponder principle, signals that are already strongly attenuated are sent back to the base station with the resulting low signal level and attenuated again by the reception profile, so that the attenuations of the transmission profile and reception profile multiply.
  • the damping value of -40dB is achieved, for example, in that the corresponding sidelobe damping for the transmission profile and the reception profile is in each case -20dB.
  • the problem on which the invention is based is also solved with a device for carrying out the method, in which a transmitting antenna is assigned to each receiving antenna in the base station and the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna each have a steel forming network. It is particularly advantageous if transmitting and receiving antennas assigned to one another are arranged in the immediate vicinity of one another and the beam shaping networks of the antennas assigned to one another are controlled by the same processor.
  • the influence of interference signals can advantageously be effectively reduced by the fact that adjacent transmit antennas emit signals on different carrier frequencies and that only signals on the frequency of the assigned transmit antennas are forwarded by the associated receive antennas for evaluation.
  • FIG. 1 shows vehicles 1, each equipped with a transceiver 2 and located in front of a fixed station 3, spanning the roadways 4 of a street in a bridge-like manner.
  • the base station has an antenna arrangement with a plurality of antennas 5, a transmission and reception antenna 5 being provided for each lane 4, for example.
  • the communication between base station 3 and vehicle 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 can be activated.
  • data is transmitted from the base station 3 to the vehicle 1, and in particular the transceiver 2 initiates the debiting of a fee amount.
  • an acknowledgment signal is then sent back from the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 to the base station 3, a signal with a continuous level being transmitted by the transmitting part 6 of the antenna 5 for the transmission of the acknowledgment signal is that, as a modulated signal from the transceiver 2 formed by a transponder, reaches a receiving part 7 of the antenna 5.
  • suitable measures can be initiated which enable the vehicle 1 to be identified in order to collect the charges, for example the storage of a video image of the vehicle or the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows the schematic structure of an antenna 5 with its transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7.
  • the transmitting part 6 contains a plurality of transmitting antenna elements 8, which are supplied via a beam shaping network 9 with the output signal of a transmitter 10 via a splitting circuit 11.
  • the beam shaping network 9 the individual signals directed to the spatially distributed transmit antenna elements 8 are weighted differently, the setting of the weighting being carried out by a processor 12. Due to the different vectorial weighting, a transmission profile of the transmission part 6 of the antenna 5 is created.
  • the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 has a plurality of receiving antenna elements 13 which are connected to a receiver 16 via a beam shaping network 14 and a summer 15. Due to the weighting within the beam shaping network 14 controlled by the same processor 12, a spatial sensitivity distribution in the form of a reception profile is brought about.
  • An evaluation circuit 17 is connected to the receiver 16 and comprises a series of Can create information 20 that can be used by processor 12 to create suitable transmit and receive profiles.
  • the processor 12 can also receive information, for example, about the weight distribution of beam shaping networks 9, 14 of adjacent antennas 5.
  • the number and arrangement of the transmitting antenna elements 8 is equal to the number and arrangement of the receiving antenna elements 13.
  • the transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7 are arranged in close proximity, so that the beam shaping networks 9, 14 have the same weighting vectors from that Processor 12 received.
  • Figure 4 shows two adjacent antennas 5, 5 'of a base station 3. These communicate with two transceivers 2, 2' in vehicles 1.
  • the antennas 5, 5 'each define an illumination area 18, 18' in the form of a main lobe, the Main lobes of the transmitting parts 6 and the receiving parts 7 are identical and multiply in their effect.
  • the directionality of the transceivers 2, 2 ' is low in order to ensure a desirable freedom for the attachment of the transceivers 2, 2' in the vehicles 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)

Abstract

In a method for carrying out a wirefree data exchange between a fixed station (3) and transmitting/receiving devices (2, 2') on board objects which move relative to the fixed station (3), preferably in lanes (4), in particular vehicles (1), with the aid of an antenna arrangement having a plurality of receiving antennas (5) whose receiving profiles can be directed electronically at an object, the transmitting/receiving devices (2, 2'), in response to a received signal, emitting a response signal which is at the same carrier frequency and whose level is proportional to the level of the received signal, a less selective setting of the receiving profile - and thus a reduction in the complexity associated therewith - is possible due to the fact that each receiving antenna (7) is assigned a transmitting antenna (6) and that the transmitting antenna (6) emits signals which have a transmitting profile corresponding to the receiving profile of the receiving antenna (7). The attenuation factors of transmitting profile and receiving profile are in this case multiplied together so that two relatively simple circuits are required in order to achieve the desired high sidelobe attenuation. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustausches zwischen einer Feststation und Sende-/Empfangsgeräten an Bord von sich relativ zur Feststation vorzugsweise in Fahrspuren bewegenden Objekten, insbesondere Fahrzeugen, mit Hilfe einer Antennenanordnung mit mehreren Empfangsantennen, deren Empfangsprofile elektronisch auf ein Fahrzeug ausrichtbar sind, wobei die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte auf ein empfangenes Signal ein Antwortsignal mit gleicher Trägerfrequenz aussenden, dessen Pegel proportional zum Pegel des empfangenen Signals ist.The invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and transmitting / receiving devices on board objects that move relative to the base station, preferably in lanes, in particular vehicles, with the aid of an antenna arrangement with a plurality of receiving antennas, the reception profiles of which can be electronically aligned to a vehicle , wherein the transceivers send a response signal with the same carrier frequency on a received signal, the level of which is proportional to the level of the received signal.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art ist aus DE 41 07 803 A1 bekannt. Als eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit der darin beschriebenen Abfrageanordnung ist automatische Zahlung von Mautgebühren aufgeführt. Jedes Fahrzeug, das eine Mautgebühr zu zahlen hat, ist mit einer automatischen Abbuchungseinrichtung ausgestattet, die mit dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät an Bord des Fahrzeugs zusammenwirkt. Zwischen der Feststation und dem Sende/Empfangsgerät findet ein Datenaustausch statt. Dabei verbucht zunächst die Abbuchungseinrichtung die Mautgebühr und sendet anschließend eine Quittung darüber an die Feststation. Während dieses Vorganges wird mit Antennenelementen der Antennen der Feststation für das betreffende Fahrzeug ein Empfangsprofil erzeugt. Das Empfangsprofil kann ggfs. dem sich bewegenden Fahrzeug nachgeführt werden. Die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte an Bord der Fahrzeuge arbeiten zweckmäßigerweise als Transponder, die das empfangene Signal in modulierter Form zurücksenden. Demgemäß weist das Antwortsignal die gleiche Trägerfrequenz wie das von der Feststation ausgesandte Signal auf. Darüber hinaus ist sein Pegel proportional zum Pegel des empfangenen Signals.A method of the type mentioned is known from DE 41 07 803 A1. Automatic payment of toll fees is listed as one possible application of the query arrangement described therein. Every vehicle that has to pay a toll fee is equipped with an automatic debit facility that interacts with the transceiver on board the vehicle. A data exchange takes place between the base station and the transceiver. The debiting facility first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt to the base station. During this process, a reception profile is generated with antenna elements of the antennas of the base station for the vehicle in question. If necessary, the reception profile can be tracked to the moving vehicle. The transceivers on board the vehicles expediently work as transponders send the received signal back in modulated form. Accordingly, the response signal has the same carrier frequency as the signal transmitted by the base station. In addition, its level is proportional to the level of the received signal.

Da die Zuordnung von Fahrzeugen und die Ausblendung von zu anderen Fahrzeugen zugehörigen Störsignalen durch das Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne erreicht wird, muß die Empfangsantenne so ausgelegt sein, daß sich z.B. nur ein Fahrzeug innerhalb des zugehörigen Ausleuchtgebietes aufhalten kann. Die Ausrichteigenschaften der Empfangsantenne müssen sicherstellen, daß eine starke Dämpfung von Signalen außerhalb der gewünschten Ausleuchtzone vorgenommen wird, um eine falsche Zuordnung der Signale von benachbarten Fahrzeugen zu vermeiden. Eine in der Praxis erforderliche Reduktion der Signale außerhalb der Hauptkeule der Antenne beträgt beispielsweise - 40dB. Um diesen Dämpfungswert zu erreichen, muß die Empfangsantenne mit einer großen Anzahl von Antennenelementen ausgebildet sein, so daß ein erheblicher Aufwand benötigt wird.Since the assignment of vehicles and the suppression of interference signals belonging to other vehicles is achieved by the reception profile of the reception antenna, the reception antenna must be designed such that e.g. only one vehicle can stop within the associated coverage area. The alignment properties of the receiving antenna must ensure that there is a strong attenuation of signals outside the desired coverage area in order to avoid incorrect assignment of the signals from neighboring vehicles. A reduction of the signals outside the main lobe of the antenna that is required in practice is, for example, -40 dB. In order to achieve this attenuation value, the receiving antenna must be designed with a large number of antenna elements, so that considerable effort is required.

Die sich aus dem Stand der Technik ergebene Problemstellung besteht somit darin, den Aufwand für die benötigte Nebenkeulenunterdrückung zu vermindern.The problem arising from the prior art is thus to reduce the effort for the side lobe suppression required.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist das eingangs erwähnte Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Empfangsantenne eine Sendeantenne zugeordnet ist und daß die Sendeantenne Signale mit einem dem Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne entsprechenden Sendeprofil aussendet.To solve this problem, the method mentioned at the outset is characterized according to the invention in that each receiving antenna is assigned a transmitting antenna and in that the transmitting antenna transmits signals with a transmitting profile corresponding to the receiving profile of the receiving antenna.

Während bei den bekannten Verfahren die Nebenkeulendämpfung ausschließlich durch das Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne bewirkt wird und breitstrahlende, also mehrere Fahrzeuge erfassende Sendeantennen vorgesehen sind, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Mehrzahl von Sendeantennen vorgesehen, die ihre Signale mit einem Sendeprofil aussenden, das dem Empfangsprofil einer zugehörigen Empfangsantenne entspricht. Da auch die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte an Bord von anderen potentiell störenden bewegten Objekten die ausgesandten Signale nach dem Transponder-Prinzip zurücksenden, werden durch das Sendeprofil bereits stark gedämpte Signale mit dem sich daraus ergebenden niedrigen Signalpegel zur Feststation zurückgesandt und durch das Empfangsprofil erneut gedämpft, so daß sich die Dämpfungen von Sendeprofil und Empfangsprofil multiplizieren. Bei Übereinstimmung von Sendeprofil und Empfangsprofil wird beispielsweise der Dämpfungswert von -40dB dadurch erreicht, daß die entsprechende Nebenkeulendämpfung bei Sendeprofil und bei Empfangsprofil jeweils -20dB beträgt. Diese Dämpfungswerte sind mit wesentlich einfacheren Antennenanordnungen zu realisieren.While in the known methods the side lobe attenuation is brought about exclusively by the reception profile of the reception antenna and broad-beam transmission antennas, that is to say which cover several vehicles, are provided, in the method according to the invention a plurality of transmission antennas are provided, who send out their signals with a transmission profile that corresponds to the reception profile of an associated reception antenna. Since the transceivers also send the emitted signals back on board from other potentially disruptive moving objects, using the transponder principle, signals that are already strongly attenuated are sent back to the base station with the resulting low signal level and attenuated again by the reception profile, so that the attenuations of the transmission profile and reception profile multiply. If the transmission profile and reception profile match, the damping value of -40dB is achieved, for example, in that the corresponding sidelobe damping for the transmission profile and the reception profile is in each case -20dB. These attenuation values can be achieved with much simpler antenna arrangements.

Das der Erfindug zugrundeliegende Problem wird ferner mit einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gelöst, bei der in der Feststation jeder Empfangsantenne eine Sendeantenne zurgeordnet ist und Empfangsantenne und Sendeantenne jeweils ein Stahlformungsnetzwerk aufweisen. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn einander zugeordnete Sende- und Empfangsantennen in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nachbarschaft angeordnet sind und die Strahlformungsnetzwerke der einander zugeordneten Antennen von demselben Prozessor gesteuert werden.The problem on which the invention is based is also solved with a device for carrying out the method, in which a transmitting antenna is assigned to each receiving antenna in the base station and the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna each have a steel forming network. It is particularly advantageous if transmitting and receiving antennas assigned to one another are arranged in the immediate vicinity of one another and the beam shaping networks of the antennas assigned to one another are controlled by the same processor.

Da erfindungsgemäß nunmehr eine Mehrzahl von Sendeantennen vorgesehen ist, kann in vorteilhafter Weise der Einfluß von Störsignalen wirksam dadurch herabgesetzt werden, daß benachbarte Sendeantennen Signale auf unterschiedlichen Trägerfrequenzen aussenden und daß von den zugehörigen Empfangsantennen nur Signale auf der Frequenz der zugeordneten Sendeantennen zur Auswertung weitergeleitet werden.Since a plurality of transmit antennas are now provided according to the invention, the influence of interference signals can advantageously be effectively reduced by the fact that adjacent transmit antennas emit signals on different carrier frequencies and that only signals on the frequency of the assigned transmit antennas are forwarded by the associated receive antennas for evaluation.

Bei der Verwendung eines Trägerfrequenzkanals im Frequenzbereich 5,8 GHz ist es zweckmäßig, vier Kanäle mit einer Bandbreite von 5 MHz vorzusehen.When using a carrier frequency channel in the 5.8 GHz frequency range, it is advisable to provide four channels with a bandwidth of 5 MHz.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Feststation mit mehreren Antennen und Fahrzeugen, die sich der Feststation nähern
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Kommunikationsablaufes zwischen Feststation und Fahrzeug
Figur 3
einen prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Empfangsantenne und einer Sendeantenne mit Strahlformungsnetzwerken
Figur 4
eine schematische Darstellung der Ausleuchtgebiete für zwei Sende-/Empfangsantennen mit möglichen Fehlereinflüssen bei der Benutzung der gleichen Trägerfrequenz (a) und bei der Benutzung unterschiedlicher Trägerfrequenzen (b).
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Figure 1
is a schematic representation of a base station with several antennas and vehicles that approach the base station
Figure 2
a schematic representation of the communication flow between base station and vehicle
Figure 3
a basic structure of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna with beam shaping networks
Figure 4
is a schematic representation of the illumination areas for two transmit / receive antennas with possible error influences when using the same carrier frequency (a) and when using different carrier frequencies (b).

Figur 1 zeigt Fahrzeuge 1, die mit jeweils einem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 ausgestattet sind und sich vor einer Feststation 3 befinden, die Fahrbahnen 4 einer Straße brückenartig überspannt. Die Feststation weist eine Antennenanordnung mit mehreren Antennen 5 auf, wobei beispielsweise für jede Fahrbahn 4 eine Sende- und Empfangsantenne 5 vorgesehen ist.FIG. 1 shows vehicles 1, each equipped with a transceiver 2 and located in front of a fixed station 3, spanning the roadways 4 of a street in a bridge-like manner. The base station has an antenna arrangement with a plurality of antennas 5, a transmission and reception antenna 5 being provided for each lane 4, for example.

Die Kommunikation zwischen der Feststation 3 und dem Fahrzeug 1 ist in Figur 2 verdeutlicht. Zum Beginn des Datenaustausches findet eine Signalübertragung von der Feststation 3 über den Sendeteil der Antenne 5 auf das Fahrzeug 1 statt. Dadurch kann das Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 des Fahrzeugs 1 aktiviert werden. Darüber hinaus werden Daten von der Feststation 3 auf das Fahrzeug 1 übertragen, insbesondere die Abbuchung eines Gebührenbetrages durch das Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 veranlaßt.The communication between base station 3 and vehicle 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2. At the start of the data exchange, there is a signal transmission from the fixed station 3 to the vehicle 1 via the transmitting part of the antenna 5. As a result, the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 can be activated. In addition, data is transmitted from the base station 3 to the vehicle 1, and in particular the transceiver 2 initiates the debiting of a fee amount.

Wie im unteren Teil von Figur 2 dargestellt ist, wird anschließend ein Quittungssignal von dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 des Fahrzeugs 1 an die Feststation 3 zurückgesandt, wobei für die Übersendung des Quittungssignals von einem Sendeteil 6 der Antenne 5 ein Signal mit einem kontinuierlichen Pegel ausgesandt wird, das von dem durch einen Transponder gebildeten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 als moduliertes Signal auf ein Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 gelangt.As shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, an acknowledgment signal is then sent back from the transceiver 2 of the vehicle 1 to the base station 3, a signal with a continuous level being transmitted by the transmitting part 6 of the antenna 5 for the transmission of the acknowledgment signal is that, as a modulated signal from the transceiver 2 formed by a transponder, reaches a receiving part 7 of the antenna 5.

Wird ein ordnungsgemäßes Quittungssignal nicht von der Antenne 5 empfangen, können geeignete Maßnahmen initiiert werden, die die Identifikation des Fahrzeuges 1 zur Nacherhebung der Gebühren ermöglichen, beispielsweise die Abspeicherung eines Videobildes des Fahrzeugs o.ä..If a proper acknowledgment signal is not received by the antenna 5, suitable measures can be initiated which enable the vehicle 1 to be identified in order to collect the charges, for example the storage of a video image of the vehicle or the like.

Figur 3 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Antenne 5 mit ihrem Sendeteil 6 und Empfangsteil 7. Der Sendeteil 6 enthält eine Mehrzahl von Sende-Antennenelementen 8, die über ein Strahlformungsnetzwerk 9 mit dem Ausgangssignal eines Senders 10 über eine Aufteilschaltung 11 versorgt werden. In dem Strahlformungsnetzwerk 9 werden die einzelnen, auf die räumlich verteilten Sende-Antennenelemente 8 geleiteten Signale unterschiedlich gewichtet, wobei die Einstellung der Wichtung von einem Prozessor 12 vorgenomen wird. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen vektoriellen Wichtung entsteht ein Sendeprofil des Sendeteils 6 der Antenne 5.FIG. 3 shows the schematic structure of an antenna 5 with its transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7. The transmitting part 6 contains a plurality of transmitting antenna elements 8, which are supplied via a beam shaping network 9 with the output signal of a transmitter 10 via a splitting circuit 11. In the beam shaping network 9, the individual signals directed to the spatially distributed transmit antenna elements 8 are weighted differently, the setting of the weighting being carried out by a processor 12. Due to the different vectorial weighting, a transmission profile of the transmission part 6 of the antenna 5 is created.

In analoger Weise weist das Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 eine Mehrzahl von Empfangsantennenelementen 13 auf, die über ein Strahlformungsnetzwerk 14 und einen Summierer 15 mit einem Empfänger 16 verbunden sind. Aufgrund der von demselben Prozessor 12 gesteuerten Wichtung innerhalb des Strahlformungsnetzwerks 14 wird eine räumliche Empfindlichkeitsverteilung in Form eines Empfangsprofils bewirkt. An den Empfänger 16 ist eine Auswertungsschaltung 17 angeschlossen, die eine Reihe von Informationen 20 erstellen kann, die vom Prozessor 12 zur Erstellung geeigneter Sende- und Empfangsprofile verwendbar sind. Der Prozessor 12 kann ferner Informationen beispielsweise über die Wichtungsverteilung von Strahlformungsnetzwerken 9, 14 benachbarter Antennen 5 erhalten.In an analogous manner, the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5 has a plurality of receiving antenna elements 13 which are connected to a receiver 16 via a beam shaping network 14 and a summer 15. Due to the weighting within the beam shaping network 14 controlled by the same processor 12, a spatial sensitivity distribution in the form of a reception profile is brought about. An evaluation circuit 17 is connected to the receiver 16 and comprises a series of Can create information 20 that can be used by processor 12 to create suitable transmit and receive profiles. The processor 12 can also receive information, for example, about the weight distribution of beam shaping networks 9, 14 of adjacent antennas 5.

In dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Anzahl und Anordnung der Sende-Antennenelemente 8 gleich der Anzahl und Anordnung der Empfangsantennenelemente 13. Sendeteil 6 und Empfangsteil 7 sind in unmittelbar räumlicher Nähe angeordnet, so daß die Strahlformungsnetzwerke 9, 14 die selben Wichtungsvektoren von dem Prozessor 12 erhalten.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the number and arrangement of the transmitting antenna elements 8 is equal to the number and arrangement of the receiving antenna elements 13. The transmitting part 6 and receiving part 7 are arranged in close proximity, so that the beam shaping networks 9, 14 have the same weighting vectors from that Processor 12 received.

Figur 4 zeigt zwei benachbarte Antennen 5, 5' einer Feststation 3. Diese kommunizieren mit zwei Sende-Empfangsgeräten 2, 2' in Fahrzeugen 1. Die Antennen 5, 5' definieren jeweils ein Ausleuchtgebiet 18, 18' in Form einer Hauptkeule, wobei die Hauptkeulen der Sendeteile 6 und der Empfangsteile 7 identisch sind und sich in ihrer Wirkung multiplizieren. Die Richtwirkung der Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 2, 2' ist gering, um eine wünschenswerte Freiheit für die Anbringung der Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 2, 2' in den Fahrzeugen 1 zu gewährleisten.Figure 4 shows two adjacent antennas 5, 5 'of a base station 3. These communicate with two transceivers 2, 2' in vehicles 1. The antennas 5, 5 'each define an illumination area 18, 18' in the form of a main lobe, the Main lobes of the transmitting parts 6 and the receiving parts 7 are identical and multiply in their effect. The directionality of the transceivers 2, 2 'is low in order to ensure a desirable freedom for the attachment of the transceivers 2, 2' in the vehicles 1.

Die sachgemäße Kommunikation zwischen der Antenne 5 und dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2 findet auf dem Weg I in Figur 4 statt. Denkbare Störeinwirkungen entstehen durch Empfang von durch die benachbarte Antenne 5' ausgesandten und von einem benachbarten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zurückgegebenen Signalen auf den Wegen II und III. Während auf dem Weg II die Dämpfung über das Empfangsprofil der Antenne 5 wirksam ist, findet praktisch keine Dämpfung auf dem Weg III statt, wenn innerhalb des Ausleuchtgebiets 18 der Antenne 5 das von dem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zurückgeworfene Signal durch einen Reflektor 19 in Richtung auf die Antenne 5 reflektiert wird.The proper communication between the antenna 5 and the transceiver 2 takes place on the route I in Figure 4. Conceivable interferences arise from the reception of signals transmitted by the adjacent antenna 5 'and returned by an adjacent transceiver 2' on paths II and III. While the attenuation on the path II via the reception profile of the antenna 5 is effective, there is practically no attenuation on the path III if, within the illumination area 18 of the antenna 5, the signal reflected by the transceiver 2 'is reflected by a reflector 19 in Direction on the antenna 5 is reflected.

Die Störeinflüsse auf den Wegen II und III in Figur 4a treten nur mit einer geringen Wahrscheinlichkeit auf, haben daher nur selten Auswirkungen.The interferences on routes II and III in FIG. 4a occur only with a low probability and therefore have only rare effects.

Diese können vermieden werden, wenn die benachbarte Antenne 5' auf einer anderen Trägerfrequenz ausstrahlt, die von dem Empfangsteil 6 der Antenne 5 nicht zur Auswertung weitergeleitet wird. In diesem Fall ist eine Störung durch ein benachbartes Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' nur auf dem Weg IV möglich, auf dem das von der Antenne 5 ausgesandte Signal von dem benachbarten Sende-/Empfangsgerät 2' zum Empfangsteil 7 der Antenne 5 reflektiert wird. Da sowohl für das Aussenden wie auch für das Empfangen auf dem Wege IV die Nebenkeulenreduktion der Antenne 5 wirksam wird, wird ein Störeinfluß auf dem Weg IV hinreichend gedämpft, um eine praktische Auswirkung zu vermeiden. Die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Frequenzen für benachbarte Antennen 5, 5' reduziert daher die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von Fehlern erheblich.These can be avoided if the adjacent antenna 5 'emits on a different carrier frequency which is not passed on by the receiving part 6 of the antenna 5 for evaluation. In this case, interference from an adjacent transceiver 2 'is only possible on path IV, on which the signal emitted by the antenna 5 is reflected by the adjacent transceiver 2' to the receiving part 7 of the antenna 5. Since the side lobe reduction of the antenna 5 is effective both for the transmission and for the reception on the path IV, a disturbing influence on the path IV is sufficiently damped to avoid a practical effect. The use of different frequencies for adjacent antennas 5, 5 'therefore considerably reduces the probability of errors occurring.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustausches zwischen einer Feststation (3) und Sende-/Empfangsgeräten (2, 2') an Bord von sich relativ zur Feststation (3) vorzugsweise in Fahrspuren (4) bewegenden Objekten, insbesondere Fahrzeugen (1), mit Hilfe einer Antennenanordnung mit mehreren Empfangsantennen (5), deren Empfangsprofile elektronisch auf ein Objekt ausrichtbar sind, wobei die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte (2, 2') auf ein empfangenes Signal ein Antwortsignal mit gleicher Trägerfrequenz aussenden, dessen Pegel proportional zum Pegel des empfangenen Signals ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Empfangsantenne (7) eine Sendeantenne (6) zugeordnet ist und daß die Sendeantenne (6) Signale mit einem dem Empfangsprofil der Empfangsantenne (7) entsprechenden Sendeprofil aussendet.Method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station (3) and transceivers (2, 2 ') on board objects, in particular vehicles (1), which move relative to the base station (3), preferably in lanes (4) An antenna arrangement with a plurality of receiving antennas (5), the reception profiles of which can be electronically aligned to an object, the transceivers (2, 2 ') emitting a response signal with the same carrier frequency on a received signal, the level of which is proportional to the level of the received signal , characterized in that each receiving antenna (7) is assigned a transmitting antenna (6) and in that the transmitting antenna (6) transmits signals with a transmission profile corresponding to the reception profile of the reception antenna (7). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß benachbarte Sendeantennen (6, 6') Signale auf unterschiedlichen Trägerfrequenzen aussenden und daß von den zugehörigen Empfangsantennen (7, 7') nur Signale auf der Frequenz der zugeordneten Sendeantenne (6, 6') zur Auswertung weitergeleitet werden.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that adjacent transmission antennas (6, 6 ') transmit signals on different carrier frequencies and that of the associated reception antennas (7, 7') only signals on the frequency of the assigned transmission antenna (6, 6 ') for evaluation to get redirected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vier unterschiedliche Frequenzen verwendet werden.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that four different frequencies are used. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Feststation (3) jeder Empfangsantenne (7) eine Sendeantenne (6) zugeordnet ist und das Empfangsantennen (7) und Sendeantennen (6) jeweils ein Strahlformungsnetzwerk (9, 14) aufweisen.Device for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the fixed station (3) each receiving antenna (7) is assigned a transmitting antenna (6) and the receiving antennas (7) and transmitting antennas (6) each have a beam-forming network ( 9, 14). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, daudrch gekennzeichnet, daß einander zugeordnete Sende- und Empfangsantennen (6, 7) in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nachbarschaft angeordnet sind und daß die Strahlformungsnetzwerke (9, 14) der einander zugeordneten Antennen (6, 7) von demselben Prozessor (12) gesteuert werden.Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that transmitting and receiving antennas (6, 7) assigned to one another are arranged in the immediate spatial vicinity and that the beam shaping networks (9, 14) of the antennas (6, 7) assigned to one another are provided by the same processor (12) to be controlled. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch auf unterschiedlichen Frequenzen arbeitende Trägerfrequenzgeneratoren für benachbarte Sendeantennen (6,6').Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by carrier frequency generators operating on different frequencies for adjacent transmission antennas (6, 6 ').
EP94107433A 1993-06-01 1994-05-13 Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects Expired - Lifetime EP0627717B1 (en)

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JP3426028B2 (en) 2003-07-14
DE4318109A1 (en) 1994-12-08
EP0627717B1 (en) 1998-08-12
US5757285A (en) 1998-05-26
DE59406642D1 (en) 1998-09-17
JPH0722997A (en) 1995-01-24

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