EP0578060B1 - Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects - Google Patents

Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578060B1
EP0578060B1 EP93110078A EP93110078A EP0578060B1 EP 0578060 B1 EP0578060 B1 EP 0578060B1 EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 0578060 B1 EP0578060 B1 EP 0578060B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objects
antenna arrangement
signals
area
main receiving
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EP93110078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0578060A3 (en
EP0578060A2 (en
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Heinz Dr.-Ing. Göckler
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Gebauer
Wilhelm Dr.-Ing. Grabow
Markus Dipl.-Ing. Ali
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention is based on the object of a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, with which, if possible low technical resources from a variety of moving objects in a given area data exchange can be carried out for each individual.
  • the method of the invention requires compared to the prior art Technology fewer antenna elements and comes without Induction loops out to get the individual objects right locate and exchange data with them.
  • a such antenna arrangement 5 consists, as Figure. 2 clarifies from several individual antenna elements, their Output signals in the case of transmission from a beam shaping network 6 are so weightable that the antenna arrangement is such Reception characteristics generated on each vehicle for the Data transmission between him and the base station one Main receiving club aimed. It can either be for each lane a separate antenna arrangement 5 can be provided, or it are multiple lanes from an antenna arrangement 5 detected.
  • the individual vehicles In order for the base station to be able to exchange data with each individual vehicle 1, the individual vehicles must first be located.
  • the antenna arrangement receives signals from all vehicles located in the area covered by the antenna arrangement 5.
  • a processor 7 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles from the received signals x (t) of the individual antenna elements. The number of vehicles and their location information can be derived from the antenna reception signals x (t) using known estimation methods (see S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989).
  • the signals of the individual antenna elements are now weighted in the beam shaping network 6, that is to say the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element is set such that the antenna arrangement generates a directional diagram for each vehicle such that a main receiving lobe is applied to it vehicles in question is directed and that the directional diagram in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main receiving lobe (ideally zeroing).
  • the phase and amplitude to be set for each antenna element are collectively referred to below as a complex weight vector w (t).
  • the weighting can be applied to either continuous, analog or discrete-time, digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the circuitry for weighting that is present in each received signal path can be implemented.
  • Received signals are coherent in a summer 8 superimposed and the sum signal y (t) a receiver 9 fed.
  • the directional diagrams of the change of location of the vehicles be constantly adjusted. This adaptation of the directional diagrams can be done so that the location determination of the Vehicles is repeated at very short intervals.
  • the time intervals must be selected so that the maximum speed just not the vehicles have moved out of the area of their main receiving lobe, before after a subsequent location determination Main receiving lobe is tracked.
  • Another adaptation method consists in deriving control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) from the output signal of the receiver 9 according to a quality criterion.
  • a circuit unit 10 determines, in connection with the processor 7 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements, the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by the vehicle to which the Main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals are the signals received by other vehicles, to which the most strongly attenuated areas, ideally zeros, of the directional diagram should be directed.
  • the processor 7 derives from the quality signal e (t) (ratio of useful signal to interference signal power) such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 6 that there is an alignment of the main receiving lobe and the strongly damped areas (zeros) of the directional diagram , which makes the quality signal e (t) maximal.
  • the complex weight vectors w n (t) fed to the processor 7 originate from the antenna arrangement of a neighboring area. From this, the processor can derive information when a vehicle has changed from one area to the next (lane change) and can transmit this accordingly to the beam-forming network 6. It can also be used to determine information about the alignment of the main lobes of neighboring antenna arrangements that exchange data with other vehicles. The processor 7 can use this information to support the formation of the minima or zeros in the directional diagram, in order to minimize the disruptive influence of the signals sent by other vehicles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The method should make it possible to exchange data with each individual or one of a multiplicity of objects with little technical expenditure. An antenna arrangement (5) present on the base station repeatedly receives signals radiated by all objects located within a predetermined region. From these received signals (x(t)) information on the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived. The location information is used for controlling a beam forming network (6) connected to the antenna arrangement (5), in such a manner that the antenna arrangement (5) generates for each of the objects a directional pattern which is formed in such a manner that a main receiving lobe is directed towards the relevant object and the reception attenuation is high in the direction of in each case the other adjacent objects in comparison with the main receiving lobe. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Feststation und in einem begrenzten Gebiet sich bewegenden Objekten, wobei die Feststation eine Antennenanordnung aufweist, welche für jedes der Objekte, mit dem eine Datenübertragung stattfinden soll, ein eigenes Richtdiagramm erzeugt.The present invention relates to a method for Data transmission between a base station and in one limited area moving objects, the Base station has an antenna arrangement, which for each the objects with which data is to be transferred, generates its own directional diagram.

Ein solches Verfahren ist aus der älteren deutschen Patentanmeldung P 41 07 803 bekannt. Als eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit der darin beschriebenen Abfrageanordnung ist die automatische Zahlung von Mautgebühren aufgeführt. Jedes Fahrzeug, das eine Mautgebühr zu zahlen hat, ist mit einer automatischen Abbuchungseinrichtung ausgestattet, welche eine Sende-/Empfangsvorrichtung besitzt. Diese Sende-/Empfangsvorrichtung wird von einer an der Mautstelle fest installierten Sende-/Empfangseinrichtung aktiviert und ein Dialog zwischen beiden aufgenommen. Dabei verbucht zunächst die Abbuchungseinrichtung die Mautgebühr und sendet anschließend eine Quittung darüber an die Sende-/Empfangseinrichtung der Mautstelle. Während dieses Vorgangs wird für jedes der Fahrzeuge von einer Antennenanordnung, bestehend aus mehreren einzelnen Antennenelementen, ein Richtdiagramm erzeugt. Dazu sind entweder gemäß einer ersten Lösung Antennen vorgesehen, deren Richtdiagramme auf vorgegebene Ausleuchtgebiete fixiert sind. Es muß in diesem Fall also für jede Fahrspur oder jedes Segment einer Fahrspur, in dem ein Fahrzeug fährt, eine Antennen vorhanden sind. Besteht das zu erfassende Gebiet aus vielen Fahrspuren, so ist eine sehr aufwendige, aus vielen Antennen bestehende Anordnung erforderlich. In einer zweiten Lösung besteht die Antennenanordnung aus mehreren phasengesteuerten Einzelantennen, welche in der Lage sind, den sich bewegenden Fahrzeugen die Richtdiagramme nachzuführen. Allerdings werden dazu Informationen über den Ort der einzelnen Fahrzeuge benötigt. Diese Ortsinformationen liefern gemäß der P 41 07 803 in die Straße eingelassene Induktionsschleifen. Die Gewinnung der Ortsinformationen wird dadurch recht aufwendig.Such a procedure is from the older German Patent application P 41 07 803 known. As one Possible application of the query arrangement described therein the automatic payment of toll fees is listed. Every vehicle that has to pay a toll fee is included an automatic debiting facility, which has a transmitting / receiving device. This transmitting / receiving device is fixed by one at the toll booth installed transmitter / receiver device activated and on Dialogue started between the two. First posted the debiting facility sends the toll fee and sends then send a receipt to the transceiver the toll booth. During this process is for each of the vehicles by an antenna arrangement, consisting of several individual antenna elements Directional diagram generated. To do this, either according to a first Solution antennas provided, their directional diagrams on specified illumination areas are fixed. It must be in this Case for each lane or segment of a lane, in which a vehicle is traveling, there are antennas. If the area to be recorded consists of many lanes, then a very complex arrangement consisting of many antennas required. There is a second solution Antenna arrangement of several phase-controlled Individual antennas, which are able to the moving Track the directional diagrams for vehicles. However plus information about the location of the individual vehicles needed. This location information is provided in accordance with P 41 07 803 induction loops set into the street. The Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem bei möglichst geringem Aufwand an technischen Mitteln aus einer Vielzahl von sich in einem vorgegebenen Gebiet bewegenden Objekten mit jedem einzelnen ein Datenaustausch durchgeführt werden kann.The invention is based on the object of a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, with which, if possible low technical resources from a variety of moving objects in a given area data exchange can be carried out for each individual.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Anwendungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.According to the invention, this object is achieved through the features of Claim 1 solved. Advantageous further training and Applications of the invention emerge from the subclaims forth.

Das Verfahren der Erfindung benötigt gegenüber dem Stand der Technik weniger Antennenelemente und kommt ohne Induktionsschleifen aus, um die einzelnen Objekte richtig orten und mit ihnen Daten austauschen zu können.The method of the invention requires compared to the prior art Technology fewer antenna elements and comes without Induction loops out to get the individual objects right locate and exchange data with them.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt einen Straßenabschnitt, innerhalb dessen eine Mauterfassung von Fahrzeugen stattfindet, und
  • Figur 2 zeigt ein Prinzipschaltbild einer Antennenanordnung mit einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk.
    • Based on an embodiment shown in the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of road within which toll collection of vehicles takes place, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic circuit diagram of an antenna arrangement with a beam shaping network.

    • Das im folgenden beschriebene Verfahren dient dazu, zwischen Objekten, die sich innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Gebietes bewegen, und einer Feststation eine Datenübertragung zu ermöglichen. Diese sich bewegenden Objekte können, wie der Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist, z.B. Fahrzeuge 1 und das vorgegebene Gebiet 2 ein Abschnitt einer Straße sein. Innerhalb dieses Gebietes 2 soll es möglich sein, jedes einzelne sich darin befindliche Fahrzeug 1 zu lokalisieren und von ihm ausgesendete Daten aufzunehmen, auch wenn sich die Fahrzeuge auf mehreren Spuren nebeneinander fortbewegen und dabei eventuell noch Spurwechsel vornehmen.The procedure described below is used to between Objects that are within a given area move, and a base station a data transmission enable. These moving objects can, like that Figure 1 shows, e.g. Vehicles 1 and the given one Area 2 may be a section of a road. Within this Area 2, it should be possible to get each one in it located vehicle 1 and from him sent data to record, even if the vehicles move along on several tracks while doing so possibly change lanes.

    Jedes Fahrzeug 1 ist mit einer von außen sichtbaren, vorzugsweise an der Windschutzscheibe angeordneten Einrichtung ausgestattet, die einen Empfänger, einen Sender und einen Prozessor besitzt, der beispielsweise von einer einen Geldbetrag speicherbaren Scheckkarte eine geforderte Mautgebühr abbucht.Each vehicle 1 is provided with an externally visible preferably arranged on the windshield device equipped with a receiver, a transmitter and a Processor owns, for example, from one Amount of bankable storable check card a required Toll charge deducted.

    Bevor die Fahrzeuge in das Gebiet 2 eintreten, werden ihre Mautgebührabbuchungseinrichtungen von einem Mikrowellensignal "aufgeweckt", das eine vor dem Gebiet 2 installierte Bake 3 an alle Fahrzeuge 1 aussendet.Before the vehicles enter area 2, their Toll charge facilities from a microwave signal "woken up", which a beacon 3 installed in front of area 2 sends out all vehicles 1.

    Nun wird in dem Gebiet 2 jedes Fahrzeug 1 einer Kontrolle darüber unterzogen, ob es die vorgeschriebene Mautgebühr abgebucht hat. Dazu sendet eine am Ausgang des Gebietes 2 eingerichtete Feststation 4 ein Mikrowellensignal aus, das die Sender der Mautgebührabbuchungseinrichtungen an den Fahrzeugen aktiviert, so daß diese in der Lage sind, ein Quittungssignal abzusenden. Die Feststation 4 lokalisiert jedes einzelne Fahrzeug in dem Gebiet 2 und überprüft, ob es ein Quittungssignal aussendet. Ist das nicht der Fall, so kann z.B. durch Fotographieren des Fahrzeugs dessen Kennzeichen festgehalten und damit der Fahrzeughalter ermittelt werden, so daß von diesem später die Mautgebühr eingezogen werden kann.Now in area 2 each vehicle 1 becomes a control subjected to whether it is the mandatory toll has debited. For this one sends at the exit of area 2 established base station 4 from a microwave signal that the Transmitter of toll collection facilities on vehicles activated so that they are able to receive an acknowledgment signal to send. Base station 4 locates each one Vehicle in area 2 and checked if there was a Acknowledgment signal sent. If this is not the case, it can e.g. by photographing the vehicle's license plate captured and thus the vehicle owner can be determined, so that the toll can later be collected from this.

    Um mit jedem der sich in dem Gebiet 2, einem mehrspurigen Straßenabschnitt, befindenden Fahrzeuge 1 den genannten Datenaustausch durchführen zu können, ist die Feststation 4 mit mindestens einer Antennenanordnung ausgestattet. Eine solche Antennenanordnung 5 besteht, wie Figur. 2 verdeutlicht, aus mehreren einzelnen Antennenelementen, deren Ausgangssignale im Sendefall von einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 so gewichtbar sind, daß die Antennenanordnung eine solche Empfangscharakteristik erzeugt, die auf jedes Fahrzeug für die Datenübertragung zwischen ihm und der Feststation eine Hauptempfangskeule richtet. Es kann entweder für jede Fahrspur eine eigene Antennenanordnung 5 vorgesehen werden, oder es werden mehrere Fahrspuren von einer Antennenanordnung 5 erfaßt.To deal with everyone in the area 2, a multi-lane Road section, vehicles 1 the above The base station 4 is able to carry out data exchange equipped with at least one antenna arrangement. A such antenna arrangement 5 consists, as Figure. 2 clarifies from several individual antenna elements, their Output signals in the case of transmission from a beam shaping network 6 are so weightable that the antenna arrangement is such Reception characteristics generated on each vehicle for the Data transmission between him and the base station one Main receiving club aimed. It can either be for each lane a separate antenna arrangement 5 can be provided, or it are multiple lanes from an antenna arrangement 5 detected.

    Es ist vorteilhaft, solche Antennenelemente zu verwenden, die zirkular polarisierte Signale empfangen, weil diese weniger störanfällig sind.It is advantageous to use such antenna elements that receive circularly polarized signals because they are less are prone to failure.

    Damit die Feststation mit jedem einzelnen Fahrzeug 1 einen Datenaustausch vornehmen kann, ist zunächst eine Ortung der einzelnen Fahrzeuge durchzuführen. Dazu empfängt die Antennenanordnung von allen Fahrzeugen, die sich in dem von der Antennenanordnung 5 erfaßten Gebiet befinden, Signale. Ein Prozessor 7 leitet aus den Empfangssignalen x(t) der einzelnen Antennenelemente Informationen über den augenblicklichen Ort der einzelnen Fahrzeuge ab. Die Anzahl der Fahrzeuge und deren Ortsinformationen lassen sich mit Hilfe von an sich bekannten Schätzverfahren (vgl. S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989) aus den Antennenempfangssignalen x(t) ableiten. Mit diesen geschätzten Ortsinformationen werden nun im Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 die Signale der einzelnen Antennenelemente so gewichtet, d.h. es wird die Signalphase- und/oder -amplitude eines jeden Antennenelementes so eingestellt, daß die Antennenanordnung für jedes Fahrzeug ein solches Richtdiagramm erzeugt, daß eine Hauptempfangskeule auf das betreffende Fahrzeuge gerichtet ist und daß das Richtdiagramm in Richtung der jeweils anderen, potentiell störenden Fahrzeuge eine möglichst hohe Empfangsdämpfung gegenüber der Hauptempfangskeule (im Idealfall Nullstellen) aufweist. Die für jedes Antennenelement einzustellende Phase und Amplitude werden im folgenden zusammenfassend als komplexer Gewichtsvektor w(t) bezeichnet. Die Wichtung kann entweder auf kontinuierliche, analog oder zeitdiskrete, digitale Antennenempfangssignale x(t) angewendet werden. Dementsprechend sind die in jedem Empfangssignalpfad vorhandenen Schaltungsmittel für die Wichtung zu realisieren. Die Wichtungen der einzelnen Antennenempfangssignale x(t) können kontinuierlich aber auch nur zu diskreten Zeitpunkten geändert werden. An die Antennenanordnung 5 sind soviele Strahlformungsnetzwerke, von denen in Figur 2 nur eines dargestellt ist, angeschlossen wie das von der Antennenanordnung erfaßbare Gebiet maximal an Fahrzeugen aufnehmen kann, so daß jedem Fahrzeug ein eigenes Richtdiagramm zugeordnet werden kann.In order for the base station to be able to exchange data with each individual vehicle 1, the individual vehicles must first be located. For this purpose, the antenna arrangement receives signals from all vehicles located in the area covered by the antenna arrangement 5. A processor 7 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles from the received signals x (t) of the individual antenna elements. The number of vehicles and their location information can be derived from the antenna reception signals x (t) using known estimation methods (see S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989). With this estimated location information, the signals of the individual antenna elements are now weighted in the beam shaping network 6, that is to say the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element is set such that the antenna arrangement generates a directional diagram for each vehicle such that a main receiving lobe is applied to it vehicles in question is directed and that the directional diagram in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main receiving lobe (ideally zeroing). The phase and amplitude to be set for each antenna element are collectively referred to below as a complex weight vector w (t). The weighting can be applied to either continuous, analog or discrete-time, digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the circuitry for weighting that is present in each received signal path can be implemented. The weightings of the individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously but only at discrete times. As many beam shaping networks, only one of which is shown in FIG. 2, are connected to the antenna arrangement 5 as the area that can be covered by the antenna arrangement can accommodate a maximum of vehicles, so that each vehicle can be assigned its own directional diagram.

    Die für jedes Fahrzeug empfangenen und im zugehörigen Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 entsprechend gewichteten Empfangssignale werden in einem Summierer 8 einander kohärent überlagert und das Summensignal y(t) einem Empfänger 9 zugeführt.The received for each vehicle and in the associated one Beamforming network 6 weighted accordingly Received signals are coherent in a summer 8 superimposed and the sum signal y (t) a receiver 9 fed.

    Da sich die Fahrzeuge in dem vorgegebenen Gebiet fortbewegen, müssen die Richtdiagramme der Ortsveränderung der Fahrzeuge ständig angepaßt werden. Diese Adaption der Richtdiagramme kann so erfolgen, daß die oben beschriebene Ortsermittlung der Fahrzeuge in sehr kurzen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Dabei müssen die Zeitabstände so gewählt sein, daß bei der größtmöglichen Geschwindigkeit die Fahrzeuge gerade noch nicht aus dem Bereich ihrer Hauptempfangskeule herausgefahren sind, bevor nach einer folgenden Ortsermittlung die Hauptempfangskeule nachgeführt wird.Since the vehicles are moving in the specified area, need the directional diagrams of the change of location of the vehicles be constantly adjusted. This adaptation of the directional diagrams can be done so that the location determination of the Vehicles is repeated at very short intervals. Here the time intervals must be selected so that the maximum speed just not the vehicles have moved out of the area of their main receiving lobe, before after a subsequent location determination Main receiving lobe is tracked.

    Ein anderes Adaptionsverfahren besteht darin, daß aus dem Ausgangssignal des Empfängers 9 nach einem Gütekriterium Steuersignale für die komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) abgeleitet werden. Und zwar ermittelt, wie Figur 2 zeigt, eine Schaltungseinheit 10 in Verbindung mit dem Prozessor 7 aus dem Empfängerausgangssignal und ggf. den Einzelsignalen der Antennenelemente z.B. das Verhältnis von Nutzsignal zu Störsignalleistung, wobei das Nutzsignal das von demjenigen Fahrzeug empfangene Signal ist, auf das die Hauptempfangskeule gerichtet sein sollte, und Störsignale die von anderen Fahrzeugen empfangene Signale sind, auf welche möglichst stark gedämpfte Bereiche, im Idealfall Nullstellen, des Richtdiagramms gerichtet sein sollten. Der Prozessor 7 leitet aus dem Gütesignal e(t) (Verhältnis von Nutzsignal- zu Störsignalleistung) solche komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) für das Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 her, daß es zu einer Ausrichtung der Hauptempfangskeule und der stark gedämpften Bereiche (Nullstellen) des Richtdiagramms kommt, welche das Gütesignal e(t) maximal werden läßt.Another adaptation method consists in deriving control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) from the output signal of the receiver 9 according to a quality criterion. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a circuit unit 10 determines, in connection with the processor 7 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements, the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by the vehicle to which the Main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals are the signals received by other vehicles, to which the most strongly attenuated areas, ideally zeros, of the directional diagram should be directed. The processor 7 derives from the quality signal e (t) (ratio of useful signal to interference signal power) such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 6 that there is an alignment of the main receiving lobe and the strongly damped areas (zeros) of the directional diagram , which makes the quality signal e (t) maximal.

    Es können auch andere Gütekriterien für die Adaption des Strahlungsdiagramms herangezogen werden. Einige bekannte Gütekriterien für Adaptionsverfahren sind in Lehrbüchern von S. Thomas Alexander, Adaptive Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1986 und R.T. Compton, Ir. Adaptive Antennas, Prentice Hall, 1988 beschrieben. Other quality criteria for the adaptation of the Radiation diagram can be used. Some well-known Quality criteria for adaptation procedures are in textbooks by S. Thomas Alexander, Adaptive Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1986 and R.T. Compton, Ir. Adaptive Antennas, Prentice Hall, 1988.

    Bei dem zuletzt vorgestellten Adaptionsverfahren ist eine Wiederholung der Ortsermittlung der Fahrzeuge nur erforderlich, wenn ein neues Fahrzeug in das vorgegebene Gebiet hineingefahren ist. Zweckmäßig ist es, zumindest jedesmal, wenn ein Fahrzeug das Gebiet verläßt, oder ein neues in das Gebiet eintritt eine Ortsermittlung neu zu initiieren.In the last adaptation process presented, there is one Repeat the location determination of the vehicles only required when a new vehicle in the given Area has entered. It is useful, at least every time a vehicle leaves the area, or a new one re-initiate a location investigation into the area.

    Die dem Prozessor 7 zugeführten komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w n(t) stammen von der Antennenanordnung eines Nachbargebietes. Daraus kann der Prozessor Informationen ableiten, wenn ein Fahrzeug von einem Gebiet in das nächste übergewechselt ist (Fahrspurwechsel), und diese entsprechend auf das Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 übertragen. Weiterhin lassen sich daraus Informationen über die Ausrichtung der Hauptkeulen von Nachbarantennenanordnungen ermitteln, die mit anderen Fahrzeugen Daten austauschen. Der Prozessor 7 kann diese Informationen zur Unterstützung der Ausbildung der Minima bzw. Nullstellen im Richtdiagramm nutzen, um somit den störenden Einfluß der von anderen Fahrzeugen gesendeten Signale zu minimieren.The complex weight vectors w n (t) fed to the processor 7 originate from the antenna arrangement of a neighboring area. From this, the processor can derive information when a vehicle has changed from one area to the next (lane change) and can transmit this accordingly to the beam-forming network 6. It can also be used to determine information about the alignment of the main lobes of neighboring antenna arrangements that exchange data with other vehicles. The processor 7 can use this information to support the formation of the minima or zeros in the directional diagram, in order to minimize the disruptive influence of the signals sent by other vehicles.

    Claims (10)

    1. Method for data transmission between a fixed station and objects moving in a delimited area, the fixed station having an antenna arrangement which generates a dedicated directional pattern for each of the objects with which data transmission is to be performed, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (5) repeatedly receives signals radiated from all the objects (1) located in the area and information on the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived from these received signals (x(t)), and in that the location information is used in order to control a beam shaping network (6), connected to the antenna arrangement (5), in such a way that the antenna arrangement (5) generates for each of the objects (1) a directional pattern shaped in such a way that a main receiving lobe is directed onto the relevant object, and the receiving attenuation in the direction of the respective other neighbouring objects is high in comparison with the main receiving lobe.
    2. Method for data transmission between a fixed station and objects moving in a delimited area, the fixed station having an antenna arrangement which generates a dedicated directional pattern for each of the objects with which data transmission is to be performed, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (5) receives signals radiated from all the objects (1) located in the area and information on the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived from these received signals (x(t)), in that the location information is used in order to control a beam shaping network (6), connected to the antenna arrangement (5), in such a way that the antenna arrangement (5) assigns to each of the objects (1) its directional pattern, in that, after the individual objects (12) have been assigned their directional pattern, the latter is appropriately matched to the changes in location of the objects (1) in such a way that a main receiving lobe is directed onto each object, and the receiving attenuation in the direction of the respective other neighbouring objects is high in comparison with the main receiving lobe, and in that the control signals, required for this purpose, for the beam shaping network (6) are derived in accordance with a performance index from the signals (x(t)) received by the antenna arrangement (5).
    3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that use is made as performance index of the maximization of the ratio of useful signal power to interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received from that object onto which the main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals being the signals received from other objects onto which those regions of the directional pattern should be directed which are strongly attenuated in comparison with the main receiving lobe.
    4. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an antenna arrangement (5) is used which comprises a plurality of antenna elements whose outpout signals can be controlled in phase and/or amplitude by the beam shaping network.
    5. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the acquisition of the location information on the individual objects (1) is always re-initiated whenever an object leaves the prescribed area.
    6. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the acquisition of the location information on the individual objects (1) is always re-initiated whenever a new object (1) enters the prescribed area.
    7. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that location information from neighbouring antenna arrangements is also included in addition for shaping and matching the directional patterns.
    8. Use of the method according to one of the preceding claims in tolled metering of vehicles (1) which are moving on a single-lane or multi-lane road (2), the vehicles being provided with a device which, after being activated from outside, causes the required toll to be deducted from a cheque card, and then emits an acknowledgement signal which is received by the antenna arrangement (5).
    9. Use according to Claim 8, characterized in that an antenna arrangement (5) is present for each of a plurality of lanes.
    10. Use according to Claim 8, characterized in that an antenna arrangement (5) covers an area (2) comprising a plurality of lanes.
    EP93110078A 1992-07-04 1993-06-24 Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects Expired - Lifetime EP0578060B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4222014 1992-07-04
    DE4222014 1992-07-04

    Publications (3)

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    EP0578060A2 EP0578060A2 (en) 1994-01-12
    EP0578060A3 EP0578060A3 (en) 1995-02-01
    EP0578060B1 true EP0578060B1 (en) 1998-04-29

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    EP93110078A Expired - Lifetime EP0578060B1 (en) 1992-07-04 1993-06-24 Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects

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    EP (1) EP0578060B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE165685T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE59308461D1 (en)
    DK (1) DK0578060T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2115698T3 (en)

    Families Citing this family (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE4318109A1 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and moving objects
    DE4421573A1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-11 Ant Nachrichtentech Arrangement for receiving signals which emit moving objects in a predetermined area
    DE4439708A1 (en) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for determining the position of a vehicle on a road
    JP3195177B2 (en) * 1994-11-18 2001-08-06 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Mobile object identification device
    US5594447A (en) * 1995-01-11 1997-01-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Moving target identifying system in a base station radar unit for specifying information about moving targets carrying a mobile station radar unit
    DE19806914C2 (en) * 1998-02-19 2002-01-31 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
    CN111710155A (en) * 2020-05-21 2020-09-25 东莞数汇大数据有限公司 Method and system for analyzing congestion relationship between roads

    Family Cites Families (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US4303904A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-12-01 Chasek Norman E Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves
    US5164732A (en) * 1980-02-13 1992-11-17 Eid Electronic Identification Systems Ltd. Highway vehicle identification system with high gain antenna
    DE4107803A1 (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-17 Ant Nachrichtentech ARRANGEMENT FOR LOCALIZING OBJECTS AND EXCHANGING DATA WITH THESE OBJECTS

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    ES2115698T3 (en) 1998-07-01
    ATE165685T1 (en) 1998-05-15
    EP0578060A3 (en) 1995-02-01
    DK0578060T3 (en) 1999-01-11
    DE59308461D1 (en) 1998-06-04
    EP0578060A2 (en) 1994-01-12

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